diff --git a/crates/chanora_audio/src/linux_pipewire_input.rs b/crates/chanora_audio/src/linux_pipewire_input.rs
index 5924662..e9e921a 100644
--- a/crates/chanora_audio/src/linux_pipewire_input.rs
+++ b/crates/chanora_audio/src/linux_pipewire_input.rs
@@ -124,14 +124,14 @@ fn pulse_output_name_from_id(id: &str) -> Option<&str> {
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn list_input_devices(default_label: Option<&str>) -> Vec<AudioDeviceInfo> {
-    visible_devices(list_devices(LinuxDirection::Input))
+    list_devices(LinuxDirection::Input)
         .iter()
         .map(|device| device.to_audio_device_info(default_label))
         .collect()
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn list_output_devices(default_label: Option<&str>) -> Vec<AudioDeviceInfo> {
-    visible_devices(list_devices(LinuxDirection::Output))
+    list_devices(LinuxDirection::Output)
         .iter()
         .map(|device| device.to_audio_device_info(default_label))
         .collect()
@@ -237,39 +237,22 @@ fn select_device(
 }
 
 fn list_devices(direction: LinuxDirection) -> Vec<LinuxDevice> {
-    let mut devices = Vec::new();
     match list_pipewire_nodes(direction) {
-        Ok(mut pipewire) => devices.append(&mut pipewire),
+        Ok(pipewire) if !pipewire.is_empty() => return pipewire,
+        Ok(_) => {
+            warn!(target: "chanora_audio", "PipeWire device enumeration returned no devices; trying PulseAudio fallback")
+        }
         Err(error) => {
             warn!(target: "chanora_audio", error = %error, "PipeWire device enumeration failed")
         }
     }
     match list_pulse_devices(direction) {
-        Ok(mut pulse) => devices.append(&mut pulse),
+        Ok(pulse) => pulse,
         Err(error) => {
-            warn!(target: "chanora_audio", error = %error, "PulseAudio device enumeration failed")
+            warn!(target: "chanora_audio", error = %error, "PulseAudio device enumeration failed");
+            Vec::new()
         }
     }
-    devices
-}
-
-fn visible_devices(devices: Vec<LinuxDevice>) -> Vec<LinuxDevice> {
-    let pipewire_labels = devices
-        .iter()
-        .filter(|device| device.backend == LinuxBackend::PipeWire)
-        .map(|device| normalized_device_label(&device.label))
-        .collect::<std::collections::HashSet<_>>();
-    devices
-        .into_iter()
-        .filter(|device| {
-            device.backend == LinuxBackend::PipeWire
-                || !pipewire_labels.contains(&normalized_device_label(&device.label))
-        })
-        .collect()
-}
-
-fn normalized_device_label(label: &str) -> String {
-    label.split_whitespace().collect::<Vec<_>>().join(" ").to_lowercase()
 }
 
 fn list_pipewire_nodes(direction: LinuxDirection) -> Result<Vec<LinuxDevice>, String> {
@@ -951,8 +934,7 @@ mod tests {
     use super::{
         input_device_id, input_device_node_id_from_id, output_device_id,
         output_device_node_id_from_id, pulse_input_device_id, pulse_input_name_from_id,
-        pulse_output_device_id, pulse_output_name_from_id, visible_devices, LinuxBackend,
-        LinuxDevice, LinuxDirection,
+        pulse_output_device_id, pulse_output_name_from_id,
     };
 
     #[test]
@@ -982,32 +964,4 @@ mod tests {
             Some("alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1f.3")
         );
     }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn visible_devices_hides_pulse_duplicates_when_pipewire_matches() {
-        let devices = visible_devices(vec![
-            LinuxDevice {
-                backend: LinuxBackend::PipeWire,
-                direction: LinuxDirection::Output,
-                raw_id: "42".to_string(),
-                label: "Built-in Audio Analog Stereo".to_string(),
-            },
-            LinuxDevice {
-                backend: LinuxBackend::PulseAudio,
-                direction: LinuxDirection::Output,
-                raw_id: "alsa_output.pci-0000".to_string(),
-                label: " built-in audio analog stereo ".to_string(),
-            },
-            LinuxDevice {
-                backend: LinuxBackend::PulseAudio,
-                direction: LinuxDirection::Output,
-                raw_id: "bluez_output.headset".to_string(),
-                label: "Headset".to_string(),
-            },
-        ]);
-
-        assert_eq!(devices.len(), 2);
-        assert!(devices.iter().any(|device| device.backend == LinuxBackend::PipeWire));
-        assert!(devices.iter().any(|device| device.label == "Headset"));
-    }
 }