fix(audio): eliminate Android output stutter via Oboe config + lock-free callback

Phase 1 — Oboe configuration:
- Change output stream from Usage::VoiceCommunication to Usage::Game with
  ContentType::Sonification to avoid forcing the Legacy (OpenSL ES) data
  path on most devices (Oboe issue #2075)
- Switch output format from i16 Mono to f32 Stereo, matching Qint's proven
  configuration and eliminating per-callback downmix conversion
- Set buffer size to 2x burst after stream open, reducing default buffer
  from 8-20x burst to 2x burst for lower latency
- Remove scratch Mutex<Vec<f32>>; callback writes directly to Oboe buffer

Phase 2 — Lock-free output callback:
- Add audio_event_queue.rs: lock-free SPSC bridge using crossbeam ArrayQueue
  with separate packet (lossy) and control (reliable) channels
- OutputCallback now owns AudioHandler directly (no Arc<Mutex<>> on Android)
- Inbound forwarder pushes packets via AudioEventProducer (no mutex)
- set_client_volume pushes control commands via event queue on Android
- iOS/desktop Arc<Mutex<AudioHandler>> path unchanged

Cargo.lock

@@ -423,6 +423,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "coreaudio-rs",
  "cpal",
  "criterion",
+ "crossbeam",
+ "crossbeam-utils",
  "dhat",
  "dispatch2",
  "futures-util",
@@ -803,6 +805,17 @@ version = "1.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "790eea4361631c5e7d22598ecd5723ff611904e3344ce8720784c93e3d83d40b"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "crossbeam"
+version = "0.8.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1137cd7e7fc0fb5d3c5a8678be38ec56e819125d8d7907411fe24ccb943faca8"
+dependencies = [
+ "crossbeam-epoch",
+ "crossbeam-queue",
+ "crossbeam-utils",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "crossbeam-channel"
 version = "0.5.15"
@@ -831,6 +844,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "crossbeam-utils",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "crossbeam-queue"
+version = "0.3.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0f58bbc28f91df819d0aa2a2c00cd19754769c2fad90579b3592b1c9ba7a3115"
+dependencies = [
+ "crossbeam-utils",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "crossbeam-utils"
 version = "0.8.21"

crates/chanora_audio/Cargo.toml

@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ audiopus = "0.3.0-rc.0"
 tsclientlib = { git = "https://github.com/ReSpeak/tsclientlib.git", rev = "04aa2491", default-features = false, features = ["audio"] }
 tokio = { version = "1", features = ["sync", "rt", "macros", "time"] }
 rustfft = "6.2.0"
+crossbeam = { version = "0.8", default-features = false, features = ["alloc", "crossbeam-queue"] }
+crossbeam-utils = { version = "0.8", default-features = false }
 
 [target.'cfg(all(not(target_os = "android"), not(target_os = "ios"), not(target_os = "macos")))'.dependencies]
 # Desktop audio I/O for Windows capture/playback and Linux capture.

crates/chanora_audio/src/android_voice_unit.rs

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 use audiopus::coder::Encoder as OpusEncoder;
 use tracing::{debug, info, warn};
 
+use crate::audio_event_queue::{AudioCommand, AudioEventQueue};
 use crate::mobile_voice_backend::{
     clear_android_audio_diagnostics, latency_tier_for, next_input_preset_after,
     next_sharing_mode_after, publish_android_audio_diagnostics, AchievedInputPreset,
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ use oboe::{
     AudioInputCallback, AudioInputStreamSafe, AudioOutputCallback, AudioOutputStreamSafe,
     AudioStream, AudioStreamAsync, AudioStreamBase, AudioStreamBuilder, AudioStreamSafe,
     DataCallbackResult, Input as OboeInput, InputPreset, Mono, Output as OboeOutput,
-    PerformanceMode, SessionId, SharingMode, Usage,
+    PerformanceMode, SessionId, SharingMode, Stereo, Usage,
 };
 
 use crate::processor::AudioProcessor;
@@ -518,14 +519,14 @@ impl AudioInputCallback for InputCallback {
 //
 // Mirrors the iOS VPIO render callback. Pulls mixed 48 kHz stereo f32
 // from `AudioHandler::fill_buffer`, applies output gain + mute, and
-// writes mono i16 to the Oboe output buffer.
+// writes stereo f32 directly to the Oboe output buffer.
 
 struct OutputCallback {
-    handler: Arc<Mutex<AudioHandler<SessionAudioId>>>,
+    handler: AudioHandler<SessionAudioId>,
+    event_queue: Arc<AudioEventQueue>,
     output_gain: Arc<AtomicU32>,
     output_muted: Arc<AtomicBool>,
     event_tx: BackendEventTx,
-    scratch: Arc<Mutex<Vec<f32>>>,
     render_reference: Arc<RenderReferenceBuffer>,
     audio_processing_stats: Arc<crate::SharedAudioProcessingStats>,
     pending_render_ref: [f32; crate::frame::FRAME_10MS_SAMPLES],
@@ -533,51 +534,56 @@ struct OutputCallback {
 }
 
 impl AudioOutputCallback for OutputCallback {
-    type FrameType = (i16, Mono);
+    type FrameType = (f32, Stereo);
 
     fn on_audio_ready(
         &mut self,
         _stream: &mut dyn AudioOutputStreamSafe,
-        frames: &mut [i16],
+        frames: &mut [(f32, f32)],
     ) -> DataCallbackResult {
         let _ = catch_unwind(AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
-            let needed = frames.len() * 2; // stereo
+            let buf: &mut [f32] = unsafe {
-            let scratch = &mut self.scratch.lock().unwrap();
+                std::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(frames.as_mut_ptr() as *mut f32, frames.len() * 2)
-            if scratch.len() < needed {
+            };
-                scratch.resize(needed, 0.0);
+            for s in buf.iter_mut() {
-            } else {
+                *s = 0.0;
-                for s in &mut scratch[..needed] {
+            }
-                    *s = 0.0;
+            let consumer = AudioEventQueue::consumer(&self.event_queue);
+            for cmd in consumer.drain_controls() {
+                match cmd {
+                    AudioCommand::SetVolume(id, vol) => {
+                        if let Some(q) = self.handler.get_mut_queues().get_mut(&id) {
+                            q.volume = vol;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    AudioCommand::RemoveClient(id) => {
+                        self.handler.get_mut_queues().remove(&id);
+                    }
                 }
             }
-            match self.handler.try_lock() {
+
-                Ok(mut h) => {
+            for pkt in consumer.drain_packets(50) {
-                    let _ = h.fill_buffer(&mut scratch[..needed]);
+                if let Err(e) = self.handler.handle_packet(pkt.client_id, pkt.data) {
-                }
+                    debug!(target: "chanora_audio", error = %e, "decode failed");
-                Err(std::sync::TryLockError::WouldBlock) => {}
-                Err(std::sync::TryLockError::Poisoned(e)) => {
-                    warn!(
-                        target: "chanora_audio",
-                        "AudioHandler mutex poisoned: {}",
-                        e
-                    );
                 }
             }
+
+            let _ = self.handler.fill_buffer(buf);
             let gain = f32::from_bits(self.output_gain.load(Ordering::Relaxed));
             let muted = self.output_muted.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-            let _ = crate::voice_render::downmix_stereo_f32_to_mono_i16(
+            if muted {
-                &scratch[..needed],
+                for s in buf.iter_mut() {
-                frames,
+                    *s = 0.0;
-                gain,
+                }
-                muted,
+            } else if gain != 1.0 {
-            );
+                for s in buf.iter_mut() {
+                    *s *= gain;
+                }
+            }
             self.audio_processing_stats
-                .update_render(crate::frame::dbfs(&scratch[..needed]), frames.len() as u32);
+                .update_render(crate::frame::dbfs(buf), frames.len() as u32);
 
-            // Accumulate the full render callback into 10 ms mono chunks so
+            for chunk in buf.chunks_exact(2) {
-            // AEC sees consistent reference timing even when output callbacks
-            // are shorter or longer than 10 ms.
-            for chunk in scratch[..needed].chunks_exact(2) {
                 self.pending_render_ref[self.pending_render_ref_len] = (chunk[0] + chunk[1]) * 0.5;
                 self.pending_render_ref_len += 1;
                 if self.pending_render_ref_len == crate::frame::FRAME_10MS_SAMPLES {
@@ -677,8 +683,6 @@ impl AndroidVoiceUnit {
             .map_err(|e| BackendError::OpenFailed(format!("capture state init: {e}")))?,
         ));
 
-        let scratch = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::with_capacity(8192)));
-
         // --- Open input stream (SDD-112) ---------------------------
         let input_builder = AudioStreamBuilder::default()
             .set_direction::<OboeInput>()
@@ -766,8 +770,8 @@ impl AndroidVoiceUnit {
         let output_builder = AudioStreamBuilder::default()
             .set_direction::<OboeOutput>()
             .set_sample_rate(cfg.sample_rate as i32)
-            .set_channel_count::<Mono>()
+            .set_channel_count::<Stereo>()
-            .set_format::<i16>()
+            .set_format::<f32>()
             .set_performance_mode(if cfg.request_low_latency {
                 PerformanceMode::LowLatency
             } else {
@@ -778,16 +782,21 @@ impl AndroidVoiceUnit {
             } else {
                 SharingMode::Shared
             })
-            .set_usage(Usage::VoiceCommunication)
+            // Usage::Game avoids forcing the Legacy (OpenSL ES) data path
-            .set_content_type(oboe::ContentType::Speech);
+            // that Usage::VoiceCommunication triggers on most devices.
+            // Android audio routing is already handled by
+            // AudioManager.MODE_IN_COMMUNICATION on the Flutter side.
+            .set_usage(Usage::Game)
+            .set_content_type(oboe::ContentType::Sonification);
 
         let render_ref_for_output = render_ref_buf.clone();
+        let event_queue = params.event_producer.queue();
         let output_cb = OutputCallback {
-            handler: params.handler.clone(),
+            handler: params.handler,
+            event_queue: event_queue.clone(),
             output_gain: params.output_gain.clone(),
             output_muted: params.output_muted.clone(),
             event_tx: event_tx.clone(),
-            scratch: scratch.clone(),
             render_reference: render_ref_for_output,
             audio_processing_stats: audio_processing_stats.clone(),
             pending_render_ref: [0.0_f32; crate::frame::FRAME_10MS_SAMPLES],
@@ -806,20 +815,41 @@ impl AndroidVoiceUnit {
                 Self::open_output_fallback(
                     cfg,
                     &event_tx,
-                    params.handler.clone(),
+                    AudioHandler::new(),
+                    event_queue.clone(),
                     params.output_gain.clone(),
                     params.output_muted.clone(),
                     audio_processing_stats.clone(),
-                    scratch.clone(),
                     render_ref_buf,
                 )?
             }
         };
 
+        let output_frames_per_burst = output_stream.get_frames_per_burst();
+        if output_frames_per_burst > 0 {
+            let desired = output_frames_per_burst * 2;
+            match output_stream.set_buffer_size_in_frames(desired) {
+                Ok(actual) => {
+                    debug!(
+                        target: "chanora_audio",
+                        desired,
+                        actual,
+                        "android: output buffer size tuned"
+                    );
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    warn!(
+                        target: "chanora_audio",
+                        error = ?e,
+                        "android: output buffer size tuning failed; using device default"
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         let output_perf = perf_from_oboe(output_stream.get_performance_mode());
         let output_share = share_from_oboe(output_stream.get_sharing_mode());
         let output_sample_rate = output_stream.get_sample_rate();
-        let output_frames_per_burst = output_stream.get_frames_per_burst();
 
         // SDD-112 / SRS-210: structured "stream opened" event with
         // achieved values. No PII; only platform-reported scalars.
@@ -1038,19 +1068,19 @@ impl AndroidVoiceUnit {
     fn open_output_fallback(
         cfg: &AndroidVoiceStreamConfig,
         event_tx: &BackendEventTx,
-        handler: Arc<Mutex<AudioHandler<SessionAudioId>>>,
+        handler: AudioHandler<SessionAudioId>,
+        event_queue: Arc<AudioEventQueue>,
         output_gain: Arc<AtomicU32>,
         output_muted: Arc<AtomicBool>,
         audio_processing_stats: Arc<crate::SharedAudioProcessingStats>,
-        scratch: Arc<Mutex<Vec<f32>>>,
         render_reference: Arc<RenderReferenceBuffer>,
     ) -> Result<AudioStreamAsync<OboeOutput, OutputCallback>, BackendError> {
         let cb = OutputCallback {
             handler,
+            event_queue,
             output_gain,
             output_muted,
             event_tx: event_tx.clone(),
-            scratch,
             render_reference,
             audio_processing_stats,
             pending_render_ref: [0.0_f32; crate::frame::FRAME_10MS_SAMPLES],
@@ -1059,12 +1089,13 @@ impl AndroidVoiceUnit {
         let builder = AudioStreamBuilder::default()
             .set_direction::<OboeOutput>()
             .set_sample_rate(cfg.sample_rate as i32)
-            .set_channel_count::<Mono>()
+            .set_channel_count::<Stereo>()
-            .set_format::<i16>()
+            .set_format::<f32>()
             .set_performance_mode(PerformanceMode::LowLatency)
             .set_sharing_mode(SharingMode::Shared)
-            .set_usage(Usage::VoiceCommunication)
+            // Same Usage::Game rationale as primary output builder above.
-            .set_content_type(oboe::ContentType::Speech)
+            .set_usage(Usage::Game)
+            .set_content_type(oboe::ContentType::Sonification)
             .set_callback(cb);
         builder
             .open_stream()

crates/chanora_audio/src/audio_event_queue.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use chanora_protocol::InAudioBuf;
+use crossbeam::queue::ArrayQueue;
+
+use crate::engine::SessionAudioId;
+
+const PACKET_QUEUE_CAPACITY: usize = 100;
+const CONTROL_QUEUE_CAPACITY: usize = 32;
+
+/// A raw inbound voice packet waiting to be inserted into AudioHandler.
+pub struct AudioPacket {
+    /// Client whose TeamSpeak audio packet this belongs to.
+    pub client_id: SessionAudioId,
+    /// Raw inbound TeamSpeak audio payload accepted by AudioHandler::handle_packet.
+    pub data: InAudioBuf,
+}
+
+/// Control commands from the main thread to the audio callback.
+pub enum AudioCommand {
+    /// Set a client's output volume.
+    SetVolume(SessionAudioId, f32),
+    /// Remove a client's decode queue.
+    RemoveClient(SessionAudioId),
+}
+
+/// Lock-free bridge between the inbound forwarder / main thread and the
+/// audio callback. The callback owns the consumer halves.
+pub struct AudioEventQueue {
+    /// Bounded lossy queue for raw voice packets. On overflow, the push
+    /// fails and the packet is dropped (counted via `packets_dropped`).
+    /// Capacity: 100 packets (~2 seconds at 50pps, far more than needed).
+    pub packet_queue: ArrayQueue<AudioPacket>,
+    /// Bounded reliable queue for control commands (volume, client removal).
+    /// On overflow, the caller retries. Capacity: 32 commands.
+    pub control_queue: ArrayQueue<AudioCommand>,
+    /// Atomic counter for dropped packets (for diagnostics).
+    pub packets_dropped: AtomicU64,
+}
+
+impl AudioEventQueue {
+    /// Create the Android audio event bridge with fixed queue capacities.
+    pub fn new() -> Arc<Self> {
+        Arc::new(Self {
+            packet_queue: ArrayQueue::new(PACKET_QUEUE_CAPACITY),
+            control_queue: ArrayQueue::new(CONTROL_QUEUE_CAPACITY),
+            packets_dropped: AtomicU64::new(0),
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Create a producer handle sharing this queue.
+    pub fn producer(queue: &Arc<Self>) -> AudioEventProducer {
+        AudioEventProducer {
+            queue: Arc::clone(queue),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Create a consumer handle sharing this queue.
+    pub fn consumer(queue: &Arc<Self>) -> AudioEventConsumer {
+        AudioEventConsumer {
+            queue: Arc::clone(queue),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Producer side used by the inbound forwarder and engine control methods.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct AudioEventProducer {
+    queue: Arc<AudioEventQueue>,
+}
+
+impl AudioEventProducer {
+    /// Push a raw voice packet, incrementing the drop counter if full.
+    pub fn push_packet(&self, packet: AudioPacket) -> Result<(), AudioPacket> {
+        self.queue.packet_queue.push(packet).map_err(|packet| {
+            self.queue.packets_dropped.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            packet
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Push a control command, returning it unchanged if the queue is full.
+    pub fn push_control(&self, cmd: AudioCommand) -> Result<(), AudioCommand> {
+        self.queue.control_queue.push(cmd)
+    }
+
+    /// Shared queue backing this producer.
+    pub fn queue(&self) -> Arc<AudioEventQueue> {
+        Arc::clone(&self.queue)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Consumer side used by the Android output callback.
+pub struct AudioEventConsumer {
+    queue: Arc<AudioEventQueue>,
+}
+
+impl AudioEventConsumer {
+    /// Pop up to `cap` queued packets.
+    pub fn drain_packets(&self, cap: usize) -> impl Iterator<Item = AudioPacket> + '_ {
+        let mut drained = 0;
+        std::iter::from_fn(move || {
+            if drained >= cap {
+                return None;
+            }
+            let packet = self.queue.packet_queue.pop();
+            if packet.is_some() {
+                drained += 1;
+            }
+            packet
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Pop all currently queued controls.
+    pub fn drain_controls(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = AudioCommand> + '_ {
+        std::iter::from_fn(move || self.queue.control_queue.pop())
+    }
+}

crates/chanora_audio/src/engine.rs

@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ use tsclientlib::audio::AudioHandler;
 
 use chanora_protocol::{InboundVoice, OutPacket};
 
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+use crate::audio_event_queue::{AudioCommand, AudioEventQueue, AudioPacket};
 use crate::AudioError;
 
 #[cfg(all(
@@ -305,12 +307,15 @@ pub struct AudioEngine {
     output_muted: Arc<AtomicBool>,
     audio_processing_config: Arc<Mutex<crate::AudioProcessingConfig>>,
     audio_processing_stats: Arc<crate::SharedAudioProcessingStats>,
+    #[cfg(not(target_os = "android"))]
     audio_handler: Arc<Mutex<AudioHandler<SessionAudioId>>>,
-    #[cfg(any(target_os = "ios", target_os = "macos", target_os = "android"))]
+    #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+    audio_event_producer: crate::audio_event_queue::AudioEventProducer,
+    #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
     voice_out_tx: mpsc::Sender<OutPacket>,
-    #[cfg(any(target_os = "ios", target_os = "macos", target_os = "android"))]
+    #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
     voice_activity_selector: Option<Arc<crate::TransmitModeSelector>>,
-    #[cfg(any(target_os = "ios", target_os = "macos", target_os = "android"))]
+    #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
     mic_gain: f32,
     // Streams must be dropped to stop audio. Both are `!Send` because
     // cpal's Stream isn't Send on some backends; we keep them in an
@@ -482,7 +487,7 @@ impl AudioEngine {
         voice_out_tx: mpsc::Sender<OutPacket>,
         transmit_gate: crate::ptt::AudioTransmitGate,
         frames_sent: Arc<AtomicU32>,
-        audio_handler: Arc<Mutex<AudioHandler<SessionAudioId>>>,
+        event_producer: crate::audio_event_queue::AudioEventProducer,
         output_gain: Arc<AtomicU32>,
         output_muted: Arc<AtomicBool>,
         voice_activity_selector: Option<Arc<crate::TransmitModeSelector>>,
@@ -552,7 +557,8 @@ impl AudioEngine {
                             transmit_active: transmit_gate.flag_arc(),
                             frames_sent: frames_sent.clone(),
                             mic_gain,
-                            handler: audio_handler.clone(),
+                            handler: AudioHandler::new(),
+                            event_producer: event_producer.clone(),
                             output_gain: output_gain.clone(),
                             output_muted: output_muted.clone(),
                             voice_activity_selector: voice_activity_selector.clone(),
@@ -572,7 +578,7 @@ impl AudioEngine {
                                                 voice_out_tx.clone(),
                                                 transmit_gate.clone(),
                                                 frames_sent.clone(),
-                                                audio_handler.clone(),
+                                                event_producer.clone(),
                                                 output_gain.clone(),
                                                 output_muted.clone(),
                                                 voice_activity_selector.clone(),
@@ -1007,8 +1013,8 @@ impl AudioEngine {
         let audio_processing_config = Arc::new(Mutex::new(crate::AudioProcessingConfig::default()));
         let audio_processing_stats = Arc::new(crate::SharedAudioProcessingStats::default());
 
-        let audio_handler: Arc<Mutex<AudioHandler<SessionAudioId>>> =
+        let event_queue = AudioEventQueue::new();
-            Arc::new(Mutex::new(AudioHandler::new()));
+        let event_producer = AudioEventQueue::producer(&event_queue);
 
         if !cfg.mobile_voice_preset {
             return Err(AudioError::Backend(
@@ -1069,7 +1075,8 @@ impl AudioEngine {
             transmit_active: transmit_flag_for_capture,
             frames_sent: frames_sent.clone(),
             mic_gain: cfg.mic_gain,
-            handler: audio_handler.clone(),
+            handler: AudioHandler::new(),
+            event_producer: event_producer.clone(),
             output_gain: output_gain.clone(),
             output_muted: output_muted.clone(),
             voice_activity_selector: cfg.voice_activity_selector.clone(),
@@ -1103,7 +1110,7 @@ impl AudioEngine {
                 voice_out_tx.clone(),
                 transmit_gate.clone(),
                 frames_sent.clone(),
-                audio_handler.clone(),
+                event_producer.clone(),
                 output_gain.clone(),
                 output_muted.clone(),
                 cfg.voice_activity_selector.clone(),
@@ -1151,7 +1158,7 @@ impl AudioEngine {
         let capture_active = true;
 
         let (shutdown_tx, mut shutdown_rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
-        let handler_for_task = audio_handler.clone();
+        let event_producer_for_task = event_producer.clone();
         let frames_received_for_task = frames_received.clone();
         tokio::spawn(async move {
             loop {
@@ -1164,10 +1171,8 @@ impl AudioEngine {
                         match item {
                             Some(v) => {
                                 let id = SessionAudioId(v.from_client);
-                                let mut h = handler_for_task.lock().unwrap();
+                                let packet = AudioPacket { client_id: id, data: v.packet };
-                                if let Err(e) = h.handle_packet(id, v.packet) {
+                                if event_producer_for_task.push_packet(packet).is_ok() {
-                                    debug!(target: "chanora_audio", error = %e, "decode failed");
-                                } else {
                                     frames_received_for_task.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
                                 }
                             }
@@ -1186,7 +1191,7 @@ impl AudioEngine {
             output_muted,
             audio_processing_config,
             audio_processing_stats,
-            audio_handler,
+            audio_event_producer: event_producer,
             voice_out_tx,
             voice_activity_selector: cfg.voice_activity_selector.clone(),
             mic_gain: cfg.mic_gain,
@@ -1308,9 +1313,6 @@ impl AudioEngine {
             audio_processing_config,
             audio_processing_stats,
             audio_handler,
-            voice_out_tx,
-            voice_activity_selector: cfg.voice_activity_selector.clone(),
-            mic_gain: cfg.mic_gain,
             _ios_voice_backend: Mutex::new(Some(ios_voice_backend)),
             shutdown_tx: Some(shutdown_tx),
             capture_active,
@@ -1470,7 +1472,8 @@ impl AudioEngine {
                 transmit_active: self.transmit_gate.flag_arc(),
                 frames_sent: self.frames_sent.clone(),
                 mic_gain: self.mic_gain,
-                handler: self.audio_handler.clone(),
+                handler: AudioHandler::new(),
+                event_producer: self.audio_event_producer.clone(),
                 output_gain: self.output_gain.clone(),
                 output_muted: self.output_muted.clone(),
                 voice_activity_selector: self.voice_activity_selector.clone(),
@@ -1491,7 +1494,7 @@ impl AudioEngine {
                     self.voice_out_tx.clone(),
                     self.transmit_gate.clone(),
                     self.frames_sent.clone(),
-                    self.audio_handler.clone(),
+                    self.audio_event_producer.clone(),
                     self.output_gain.clone(),
                     self.output_muted.clone(),
                     self.voice_activity_selector.clone(),
@@ -1658,20 +1661,36 @@ impl AudioEngine {
     /// `0.0..4.0`.
     pub fn set_client_volume(&self, client_id: u64, volume: f32) {
         let clamped = volume.clamp(0.0, 4.0);
-        match self.audio_handler.lock() {
+        #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
-            Ok(mut h) => {
+        {
-                if let Some(q) = h.get_mut_queues().get_mut(&SessionAudioId(client_id)) {
+            let mut cmd = AudioCommand::SetVolume(SessionAudioId(client_id), clamped);
-                    q.volume = clamped;
+            loop {
+                match self.audio_event_producer.push_control(cmd) {
+                    Ok(()) => break,
+                    Err(returned) => {
+                        cmd = returned;
+                        std::thread::yield_now();
+                    }
                 }
             }
-            Err(e) => {
+        }
-                tracing::warn!(
+        #[cfg(not(target_os = "android"))]
-                    target: "chanora_audio",
+        {
-                    client_id,
+            match self.audio_handler.lock() {
-                    volume = clamped,
+                Ok(mut h) => {
-                    error = %e,
+                    if let Some(q) = h.get_mut_queues().get_mut(&SessionAudioId(client_id)) {
-                    "set_client_volume: audio_handler lock poisoned — volume not applied"
+                        q.volume = clamped;
-                );
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    tracing::warn!(
+                        target: "chanora_audio",
+                        client_id,
+                        volume = clamped,
+                        error = %e,
+                        "set_client_volume: audio_handler lock poisoned — volume not applied"
+                    );
+                }
             }
         }
     }

crates/chanora_audio/src/lib.rs

@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@
 
 #![warn(missing_docs)]
 
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+mod audio_event_queue;
 pub mod audio_processing;
 pub mod debug_wav;
 mod engine;

crates/chanora_audio/src/mobile_voice_backend.rs

@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@ use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicU32};
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 
 use tokio::sync::mpsc;
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "android"))]
+use tsclientlib::audio::AudioHandler;
+#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
 use tsclientlib::audio::AudioHandler;
 
 use crate::engine::SessionAudioId;
@@ -67,7 +70,7 @@ pub type BackendEventTx = mpsc::UnboundedSender<BackendEvent>;
 pub type AudioSessionId = i32;
 
 /// Engine-owned state shared with mobile voice audio callbacks.
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[cfg_attr(not(target_os = "android"), derive(Clone))]
 pub(crate) struct VoiceAudioParams {
     /// Opus-encoded voice packets sent on this channel toward the
     /// protocol layer.
@@ -78,8 +81,15 @@ pub(crate) struct VoiceAudioParams {
     pub frames_sent: Arc<AtomicU32>,
     /// Pre-encode amplitude scale (1.0 = unity).
     pub mic_gain: f32,
+    /// AudioHandler owned by the Android output callback.
+    #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+    pub handler: AudioHandler<SessionAudioId>,
+    /// Producer used by Android engine tasks to feed the output callback.
+    #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
+    pub event_producer: crate::audio_event_queue::AudioEventProducer,
     /// AudioHandler that inbound decode+mix feeds into; the output
     /// callback pulls mixed stereo f32 from it.
+    #[cfg(not(target_os = "android"))]
     pub handler: Arc<Mutex<AudioHandler<SessionAudioId>>>,
     /// Master output gain (f32 bits stored in AtomicU32 for lock-free
     /// cross-thread read from the realtime audio callback).