//! `ModeStack`: refcount-composable Android audio-mode acquire/release
//! with prior-mode snapshot/restore.
//!
//! # Trace
//!
//! Sourced verbatim from SDD-108:
//!
//! - SDD-108 §1 (Engagement API): "`fn engage()`: increments the
//!   internal reference count; on the 0 → 1 transition it shall
//!   snapshot the current mode (`prior_mode = audioManager.mode`) and
//!   call `audioManager.setMode(MODE_IN_COMMUNICATION)`. On counts ≥
//!   1, it is a no-op success. `fn release()`: decrements the
//!   reference count; on the 1 → 0 transition it shall call
//!   `audioManager.setMode(prior_mode)` and clear `prior_mode`. On
//!   counts ≥ 1 after decrement, it is a no-op. On underflow (release
//!   without engage) it shall log and clamp at 0 without crashing."
//! - SDD-108 §2 (Refcount semantics): "The count is an `AtomicI32`
//!   guarded by a Kotlin `Mutex` for the snapshot/restore critical
//!   section. P0 only ever observes counts in `{0, 1}` per SRS-189,
//!   but the design must compose for future multi-session use. Any
//!   two-engages-one-release sequence shall keep `prior_mode` from
//!   the FIRST engage; a release at count 1 restores that original
//!   mode."
//! - SDD-108 §3 (Lifecycle binding): "`engage()` shall be called from
//!   the audio engine's `ensure_running()` path … AFTER
//!   `AndroidVoiceForegroundService.start` succeeds. `release()`
//!   shall be called from `shutdown_if_idle()` BEFORE
//!   `AndroidVoiceForegroundService.stop`."
//!
//! This module realises §1 + §2 as a pure data structure: the platform
//! interaction (JNI getMode / setMode) is the engine integration's
//! responsibility (SDD-108 §3); `ModeStack` here is panic-free pure
//! Rust logic and is host-testable on all targets.

/// Outcome of [`ModeStack::acquire`].
///
/// SDD-108 §1: the 0 → 1 transition is the one that must reach the
/// platform; composed acquires return [`ModeAcquire::AlreadyHeld`]
/// without re-snapshotting (SDD-108 §2).
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum ModeAcquire {
    /// First acquire from idle. Caller MUST platform-set the desired
    /// target mode (e.g. `MODE_IN_COMMUNICATION`). `prior` is the
    /// mode that will be restored on the matching last release.
    FirstAcquire {
        /// The system mode that was active before this acquire.
        prior: i32,
    },
    /// Composed acquire: mode is already engaged, no platform write
    /// required. Refcount has been incremented.
    AlreadyHeld,
}

/// Outcome of [`ModeStack::release`].
///
/// SDD-108 §1: the 1 → 0 transition is the one that must restore the
/// snapshot. Mid-stack releases return [`ModeRelease::StillHeld`].
/// Releases against an empty stack return
/// [`ModeRelease::AlreadyReleased`] (SDD-108 §1: "On underflow …
/// clamp at 0 without crashing").
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum ModeRelease {
    /// Last release. Caller MUST platform-set the system mode back to
    /// `prior`. Snapshot has been cleared.
    LastRelease {
        /// The mode that was snapshotted on the matching first acquire.
        prior: i32,
    },
    /// Refcount remains > 0 after this release; mode stays engaged.
    StillHeld,
    /// Release called against an idle stack. Programmer error; the
    /// stack remains idle (no panic, no underflow — SDD-108 §1).
    AlreadyReleased,
}

/// Refcount-composable audio-mode controller (SDD-108 §1, §2).
///
/// `ModeStack` does NOT call the platform. The caller is responsible
/// for passing the current platform mode into [`Self::acquire`] and
/// for executing the platform write (setMode) when the outcome
/// indicates a transition is required. This separation keeps
/// `ModeStack` host-testable and `#[cfg]`-free.
///
/// `ModeStack` is not internally synchronised; callers must serialise
/// access (e.g. behind a `Mutex`), as SDD-108 §2 specifies for the
/// Kotlin side.
#[derive(Debug, Default)]
pub struct ModeStack {
    refcount: usize, // `usize` (not `AtomicI32` as in SDD-108 §2) — synchronisation is the caller's responsibility; saturating_add prevents wrap.
    snapshot: Option<i32>,
}

impl ModeStack {
    /// Construct an idle stack (refcount 0, no snapshot).
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            refcount: 0,
            snapshot: None,
        }
    }

    /// Acquire the audio-mode lock (SDD-108 §1).
    ///
    /// `current_platform_mode` is the mode that
    /// `AudioManager.getMode()` returned at the call site. On the 0 →
    /// 1 transition this value is snapshotted as the restore target.
    /// On composed acquires (count ≥ 1 prior), the snapshot is
    /// preserved verbatim per SDD-108 §2 ("Any two-engages-one-release
    /// sequence shall keep `prior_mode` from the FIRST engage").
    pub fn acquire(&mut self, current_platform_mode: i32) -> ModeAcquire {
        if self.refcount == 0 {
            self.snapshot = Some(current_platform_mode);
            self.refcount = 1;
            ModeAcquire::FirstAcquire {
                prior: current_platform_mode,
            }
        } else {
            // Saturating add guards against pathological refcount
            // overflow without panicking; on usize this would require
            // ~2^64 composed acquires which is not reachable in
            // practice but keeps the panic-free contract honest.
            self.refcount = self.refcount.saturating_add(1);
            ModeAcquire::AlreadyHeld
        }
    }

    /// Release the audio-mode lock (SDD-108 §1).
    ///
    /// On the 1 → 0 transition, returns [`ModeRelease::LastRelease`]
    /// carrying the snapshotted prior mode that the caller must
    /// platform-restore. The snapshot is cleared as part of the
    /// transition.
    pub fn release(&mut self) -> ModeRelease {
        match self.refcount {
            0 => ModeRelease::AlreadyReleased,
            1 => {
                self.refcount = 0;
                debug_assert!(
                    self.snapshot.is_some(),
                    "ModeStack invariant: refcount==1 implies snapshot.is_some()"
                );
                // `0` corresponds to Android `MODE_NORMAL` — a safe restore target.
                let prior = self.snapshot.take().unwrap_or(0);
                ModeRelease::LastRelease { prior }
            }
            n => {
                self.refcount = n - 1;
                ModeRelease::StillHeld
            }
        }
    }

    /// Current refcount (diagnostics only, per SDD-108 §1
    /// `is_engaged()` rationale).
    pub fn refcount(&self) -> usize {
        self.refcount
    }

    /// Current snapshot (diagnostics only). `None` when idle.
    pub fn snapshot(&self) -> Option<i32> {
        self.snapshot
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    /// SWE4-UV-045: First acquire from idle snapshots prior mode.
    #[test]
    fn swe4_uv_045_acquire_from_idle_snapshots_prior_mode() {
        let mut s = ModeStack::new();
        assert_eq!(s.acquire(0), ModeAcquire::FirstAcquire { prior: 0 });
        assert_eq!(s.refcount(), 1);
        assert_eq!(s.snapshot(), Some(0));
    }

    /// SWE4-UV-045: Second acquire returns AlreadyHeld; snapshot is
    /// preserved from the FIRST acquire (SDD-108 §2).
    #[test]
    fn swe4_uv_045_acquire_twice_returns_already_held() {
        let mut s = ModeStack::new();
        let _ = s.acquire(7);
        // Even if a different "current" mode is reported on the
        // composed acquire, the snapshot must remain the first one.
        assert_eq!(s.acquire(99), ModeAcquire::AlreadyHeld);
        assert_eq!(s.refcount(), 2);
        assert_eq!(s.snapshot(), Some(7));
    }

    /// SWE4-UV-045: Last release returns the snapshotted prior mode.
    #[test]
    fn swe4_uv_045_release_last_returns_prior() {
        let mut s = ModeStack::new();
        let _ = s.acquire(7);
        assert_eq!(s.release(), ModeRelease::LastRelease { prior: 7 });
        assert_eq!(s.refcount(), 0);
        assert_eq!(s.snapshot(), None);
    }

    /// SWE4-UV-045: Release at refcount 2 keeps the mode engaged.
    #[test]
    fn swe4_uv_045_release_with_refcount_two_keeps_held() {
        let mut s = ModeStack::new();
        let _ = s.acquire(3);
        let _ = s.acquire(3);
        assert_eq!(s.release(), ModeRelease::StillHeld);
        assert_eq!(s.refcount(), 1);
        // Snapshot still pinned to first acquire.
        assert_eq!(s.snapshot(), Some(3));
    }

    /// SWE4-UV-045: Release on idle stack signals programmer error
    /// without panicking (SDD-108 §1 "clamp at 0 without crashing").
    #[test]
    fn swe4_uv_045_release_on_idle_signals_error() {
        let mut s = ModeStack::new();
        assert_eq!(s.release(), ModeRelease::AlreadyReleased);
        assert_eq!(s.refcount(), 0);
        assert_eq!(s.snapshot(), None);
    }

    /// SWE4-UV-045: Balanced acquire/release pairs return to idle, and
    /// a subsequent acquire snapshots the (potentially new) prior
    /// mode — proving the snapshot is cleared on last release.
    #[test]
    fn swe4_uv_045_compose_acquire_release_pairs() {
        let mut s = ModeStack::new();
        // Pair 1: snapshot 0, restore 0.
        assert_eq!(s.acquire(0), ModeAcquire::FirstAcquire { prior: 0 });
        let _ = s.acquire(0); // composed
        assert_eq!(s.release(), ModeRelease::StillHeld);
        assert_eq!(s.release(), ModeRelease::LastRelease { prior: 0 });
        assert_eq!(s.refcount(), 0);
        assert_eq!(s.snapshot(), None);

        // Pair 2: the platform mode is now different; the new
        // snapshot must reflect THAT mode, not the prior pair's.
        assert_eq!(s.acquire(2), ModeAcquire::FirstAcquire { prior: 2 });
        assert_eq!(s.snapshot(), Some(2));
        assert_eq!(s.release(), ModeRelease::LastRelease { prior: 2 });
    }
}