[Feat] (MobileGL): full dual-source blending across state, transpiler, and both backends

Wire GL_SRC1_* dual-source blend factors (glBlendFunc) end to end with the
glBindFragDataLocationIndexed color index, so a fragment shader can drive both
dual-source blend inputs.

State + converters:
  - RenderState BlendFactor gains Src1Color/OneMinusSrc1Color/Src1Alpha/
    OneMinusSrc1Alpha; GLToMG/MGToGL/MGToVk/MGToStr converters map them to
    GL_SRC1_*, VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_*, and readable names.

Transpiler layout(index = N):
  - ProgramAttrib carries explicitFragmentOutIndices; ProgramObject threads
    m_explicitFragDataIndex into it at both link sites.
  - TMglGlslIoResolver applies the color index as TQualifier.layoutIndex on the
    fragment output, emitting layout(index = 1) via the glslang Index decoration
    -> SPIRV-Cross path. Only the non-zero (dual-source) index is emitted: index 0
    is the GL default and an explicit "index = 0" would demand
    GL_EXT_blend_func_extended on GLES for ordinary single-source outputs.

Feature detection, POST, and hard-fail at use time (no silent fallback):
  - Vulkan: dualSrcBlend is detected at device creation and cached; a draw whose
    enabled blend state uses a SRC1 factor without the feature throws at pipeline
    build with the reason and a pointer to the POST row.
  - GLES: GL_EXT_blend_func_extended detected at load into
    GLESCapabilities.SupportsDualSourceBlend; a draw enabling blend with a SRC1
    factor without it throws in the blend-state sync with the same guidance.
  - DriverPost adds a dual-source-blend row for both backends (Pass/Warn).

Tests:
  - ProgramTest.CompileAndLinkWithExplicitFragmentOut now asserts the transpiled
    fragment shader carries layout(location = 0, index = 1) after a re-link with
    glBindFragDataLocationIndexed(index 1), and still omits any index qualifier
    for the plain index-0 output.

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/DirectGLES.cpp

@@ -49,6 +49,18 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
     static SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject> g_rawDepthFetchSamplerState;
     static SharedPtr<SamplerImpl::BackendSamplerObject> g_rawDepthFetchSamplerBackend;
 
+    static Bool IsDualSourceBlendFactor(BlendFactor v) {
+        switch (v) {
+        case BlendFactor::Src1Color:
+        case BlendFactor::OneMinusSrc1Color:
+        case BlendFactor::Src1Alpha:
+        case BlendFactor::OneMinusSrc1Alpha:
+            return true;
+        default:
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
     enum class DrawSyncBit : Uint32 {
         None = 0,
         IndexBuffer = 1 << 0,
@@ -583,6 +595,27 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                 const auto& targetStates = parameters.BlendStates;
                 auto& syncedStates = g_syncedRenderStateParameters.BlendStates;
 
+                // Dual-source blending (GL_SRC1_* factors from glBlendFunc paired with
+                // glBindFragDataLocationIndexed) needs GL_EXT_blend_func_extended; GLES core has none.
+                // Detected at load and surfaced in the POST. There is no fallback, so if a draw actually
+                // enables blending with a SRC1 factor on a driver that lacks it, hard-fail here at use
+                // time rather than let the driver reject glBlendFuncSeparate and silently mis-blend.
+                if (!g_GLESCapabilities.SupportsDualSourceBlend) {
+                    for (Uint i = 0; i < FBO::MAX_DRAW_BUFFERS; ++i) {
+                        const auto& s = targetStates[i];
+                        if (s.Enabled &&
+                            (IsDualSourceBlendFactor(s.SrcFactorRGB) || IsDualSourceBlendFactor(s.DstFactorRGB) ||
+                             IsDualSourceBlendFactor(s.SrcFactorAlpha) || IsDualSourceBlendFactor(s.DstFactorAlpha))) {
+                            THROW_EXCEPTION(
+                                "Dual-source blending (GL_SRC1_* blend factor) was used on draw buffer " +
+                                std::to_string(i) +
+                                ", but the GLES driver does not expose GL_EXT_blend_func_extended (see the "
+                                "dual-source blend row in the driver POST). No fallback exists; the draw "
+                                "cannot proceed.");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
                 Bool allEnabled = true;
                 Bool allDisabled = true;
                 Bool anyCapDirty = false;

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VulkanRenderer.cpp

@@ -135,6 +135,18 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
         return attachment;
     }
 
+    static Bool IsDualSourceBlendFactor(BlendFactor v) {
+        switch (v) {
+        case BlendFactor::Src1Color:
+        case BlendFactor::OneMinusSrc1Color:
+        case BlendFactor::Src1Alpha:
+        case BlendFactor::OneMinusSrc1Alpha:
+            return true;
+        default:
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
     static Bool ShouldUseTransientVertexIndexBuffer(const MG_State::GLState::BufferObject& bufferObject) {
         switch (bufferObject.GetUsage()) {
         case BufferUsage::StreamDraw:
@@ -3245,6 +3257,20 @@ void main() {
                     program.GetExternalIndex());
 #endif
             }
+            // Dual-source blending (GL_SRC1_* factors from glBlendFunc paired with
+            // glBindFragDataLocationIndexed) requires the dualSrcBlend device feature. It is detected at
+            // device creation and surfaced in the POST; if a shader actually issues a draw with a SRC1
+            // factor on a device that lacks it, there is no fallback, so hard-fail here at use time
+            // rather than silently mistranslating the blend equation.
+            if (effectiveBlendEnabled && !m_dualSrcBlendFeatureEnabled &&
+                (IsDualSourceBlendFactor(srcRGB) || IsDualSourceBlendFactor(dstRGB) ||
+                 IsDualSourceBlendFactor(srcAlpha) || IsDualSourceBlendFactor(dstAlpha))) {
+                THROW_EXCEPTION(
+                    "Dual-source blending (GL_SRC1_* blend factor) was used on color attachment " +
+                    std::to_string(i) +
+                    ", but the Vulkan device does not support the dualSrcBlend feature (see the "
+                    "dualSrcBlend row in the driver POST). No fallback exists; the draw cannot proceed.");
+            }
             payload.colorBlendAttachments[i] = MakeColorBlendAttachmentState(
                 effectiveBlendEnabled,
                 MG_Util::ConvertBlendFactorToVkEnum(srcRGB),

MobileGL/MG_State/GLState/ProgramState/ProgramObject.cpp

@@ -282,6 +282,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_State::GLState {
         MG_Util::ShaderTranspiler::ProgramAttrib attrib{.shaders = Move(shaders),
                                                         .explicitVertexInLocations = m_explicitAttribLocations,
                                                         .explicitFragmentOutLocations = m_explicitFragDataLocation,
+                                                        .explicitFragmentOutIndices = m_explicitFragDataIndex,
                                                         .explicitOpaqueUniformBindings =
                                                             &m_explicitOpaqueUniformBindings};
 
@@ -579,6 +580,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_State::GLState {
         ProgramAttrib attrib{.shaders = Move(shaders),
                              .explicitVertexInLocations = m_explicitAttribLocations,
                              .explicitFragmentOutLocations = m_explicitFragDataLocation,
+                             .explicitFragmentOutIndices = m_explicitFragDataIndex,
                              .explicitOpaqueUniformBindings = &m_explicitOpaqueUniformBindings};
         MGLOG_D("ProgramObject %u: GenerateBinary - linking program for binary", m_externalIndex);
         auto programResult = ShaderCompiler::LinkProgram(attrib);

MobileGL/MG_State/GLState/RenderState/RenderState.h

@@ -27,6 +27,12 @@ namespace MobileGL {
         OneMinusConstantColor,
         ConstantAlpha,
         OneMinusConstantAlpha,
+        // Dual-source blend factors (GL_SRC1_*, glBindFragDataLocationIndexed); require the
+        // dualSrcBlend device feature.
+        Src1Color,
+        OneMinusSrc1Color,
+        Src1Alpha,
+        OneMinusSrc1Alpha,
         BlendFactorCount,
         Unknown = -1
     };

MobileGL/MG_Test/Program/ProgramTest.cpp

@@ -1399,6 +1399,25 @@ TEST_F(ProgramTest, CompileAndLinkWithExplicitFragmentOut) {
     EXPECT_EQ(GetFragDataIndex(program, "fragColor"), 1);
     EXPECT_EQ(GetFragDataIndex(program, "notAnActiveOutput"), -1);
 
+    // The color index must reach the transpiled shader as layout(location = 0, index = 1) so the
+    // driver binds fragColor as the second dual-source input; the SPIR-V Index decoration set from
+    // the glslang layoutIndex round-trips through SPIRV-Cross.
+    auto& spirvsIndexed = programObject->GetGeneratedSpirv();
+    auto& fragSpirvIndexed = spirvsIndexed[programObject->GetShaderIndexByStage(ShaderStage::Fragment)];
+    MG_Util::ShaderTranspiler::SpvcSession spvcSessionIndexed(fragSpirvIndexed,
+                                                              MG_Util::ShaderTranspiler::SessionUsageBit::Transpile);
+    spvc_compiler_options optionsIndexed;
+    spvcSessionIndexed.CreateOptions(&optionsIndexed);
+    spvc_compiler_options_set_uint(optionsIndexed, SPVC_COMPILER_OPTION_GLSL_VERSION, 460);
+    spvc_compiler_options_set_bool(optionsIndexed, SPVC_COMPILER_OPTION_GLSL_ES, SPVC_FALSE);
+    spvcSessionIndexed.SetOptions(optionsIndexed);
+    const char* resultIndexed = nullptr;
+    spvcSessionIndexed.Compile(&resultIndexed);
+    printf("%s\n\n", resultIndexed);
+    const char* indexNeedle = "index = 1";
+    ASSERT_TRUE(strstr(resultIndexed, indexNeedle) != nullptr)
+        << "Expected dual-source color index in generated shader.\n(Searching for \"" << indexNeedle << "\")";
+
     // glBindFragDataLocation is equivalent to index 0 and resets it.
     BindFragDataLocation(program, 0, "fragColor");
     LinkProgram(program);

MobileGL/MG_Util/BackendLoaders/OpenGL/Loader.cpp

@@ -742,6 +742,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Util::BackendLoader {
                 if (std::strcmp(extension, "GL_EXT_disjoint_timer_query") == 0) {
                     caps.SupportsDisjointTimerQuery = true;
                 }
+                if (std::strcmp(extension, "GL_EXT_blend_func_extended") == 0) {
+                    caps.SupportsDualSourceBlend = true;
+                }
             }
         }
 
@@ -754,6 +757,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Util::BackendLoader {
                                         glesFuncs.glColorMaskiOES != nullptr;
         MGLOG_I("    glPolygonMode (NV/ANGLE): %s", caps.SupportsPolygonMode ? "yes" : "no");
         MGLOG_I("    indexed glColorMaski: %s", caps.SupportsIndexedColorMask ? "yes" : "no");
+        MGLOG_I("    dual-source blend (EXT_blend_func_extended): %s",
+                caps.SupportsDualSourceBlend ? "yes" : "no");
 
         MGLOG_I("OpenGL ES capabilities:");
         glesFuncs.glGetIntegerv(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER_OFFSET_ALIGNMENT, &caps.UniformBufferOffsetAlignment);

MobileGL/MG_Util/BackendLoaders/OpenGL/Loader.h

@@ -1040,6 +1040,10 @@ namespace MobileGL {
             // An indexed glColorMaski entry point loaded (GLES 3.2 core, or GL_OES/EXT_draw_buffers_indexed).
             // Without it, only the non-indexed glColorMask (draw buffer 0 broadcast) is available.
             Bool SupportsIndexedColorMask = false;
+            // GL_EXT_blend_func_extended is present: the driver accepts GL_SRC1_* dual-source blend
+            // factors and layout(index = 1) fragment outputs. GLES core has no dual-source blending,
+            // so without this a draw using a SRC1 factor cannot proceed.
+            Bool SupportsDualSourceBlend = false;
             // GL_RENDERER contains "ANGLE".
             Bool IsAngleRenderer = false;
             // GL_RENDERER contains both "ANGLE" and "llvmpipe".

MobileGL/MG_Util/Converters/GLToMG/RenderStateEnumConverter.cpp

@@ -40,6 +40,14 @@ namespace MobileGL {
                 return BlendFactor::ConstantAlpha;
             case GL_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_ALPHA:
                 return BlendFactor::OneMinusConstantAlpha;
+            case GL_SRC1_COLOR:
+                return BlendFactor::Src1Color;
+            case GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_COLOR:
+                return BlendFactor::OneMinusSrc1Color;
+            case GL_SRC1_ALPHA:
+                return BlendFactor::Src1Alpha;
+            case GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_ALPHA:
+                return BlendFactor::OneMinusSrc1Alpha;
             default:
                 return BlendFactor::Unknown;
             }

MobileGL/MG_Util/Converters/MGToGL/RenderStateEnumConverter.cpp

@@ -41,6 +41,14 @@ namespace MobileGL {
                 return GL_CONSTANT_ALPHA;
             case BlendFactor::OneMinusConstantAlpha:
                 return GL_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_ALPHA;
+            case BlendFactor::Src1Color:
+                return GL_SRC1_COLOR;
+            case BlendFactor::OneMinusSrc1Color:
+                return GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_COLOR;
+            case BlendFactor::Src1Alpha:
+                return GL_SRC1_ALPHA;
+            case BlendFactor::OneMinusSrc1Alpha:
+                return GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_ALPHA;
             default:
                 return GL_UNKNOWN_MGL;
             }

MobileGL/MG_Util/Converters/MGToStr/RenderStateEnumConverter.cpp

@@ -40,6 +40,14 @@ namespace MobileGL {
                 return "ConstantAlpha";
             case BlendFactor::OneMinusConstantAlpha:
                 return "OneMinusConstantAlpha";
+            case BlendFactor::Src1Color:
+                return "Src1Color";
+            case BlendFactor::OneMinusSrc1Color:
+                return "OneMinusSrc1Color";
+            case BlendFactor::Src1Alpha:
+                return "Src1Alpha";
+            case BlendFactor::OneMinusSrc1Alpha:
+                return "OneMinusSrc1Alpha";
             default:
                 return "Unknown";
             }

MobileGL/MG_Util/Converters/MGToVk/RenderStateEnumConverter.cpp

@@ -175,6 +175,14 @@ namespace MobileGL {
                 return VK_BLEND_FACTOR_CONSTANT_ALPHA;
             case BlendFactor::OneMinusConstantAlpha:
                 return VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_ALPHA;
+            case BlendFactor::Src1Color:
+                return VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_COLOR;
+            case BlendFactor::OneMinusSrc1Color:
+                return VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_COLOR;
+            case BlendFactor::Src1Alpha:
+                return VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_ALPHA;
+            case BlendFactor::OneMinusSrc1Alpha:
+                return VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_ALPHA;
             default:
                 return VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE;
             }

MobileGL/MG_Util/SelfTest/DriverPost.cpp

@@ -248,6 +248,13 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Util::SelfTest {
                 builder.Warn("Indexed color mask",
                              "no indexed glColorMaski; per-draw-buffer color masks fall back to draw buffer 0");
             }
+            if (caps.SupportsDualSourceBlend) {
+                builder.Pass("Dual-source blend",
+                             "GL_SRC1_* dual-source blend factors available via GL_EXT_blend_func_extended");
+            } else {
+                builder.Warn("Dual-source blend",
+                             "no GL_EXT_blend_func_extended; GL_SRC1_* dual-source blend factors hard-fail at draw");
+            }
 
             if (es31) {
                 GLint maxVertexSsboBlocks = 0;

MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/ShaderCompiler.cpp

@@ -205,6 +205,7 @@ namespace MobileGL {
                     resolver =
                         MakeUnique<TMglGlslIoResolver>(*program, (EShLanguage)stage, attrib.explicitVertexInLocations,
                                                        attrib.explicitFragmentOutLocations,
+                                                       attrib.explicitFragmentOutIndices,
                                                        attrib.explicitOpaqueUniformBindings);
                     break;
                 }

MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/Types.h

@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ namespace MobileGL {
                 Vector<SharedPtr<glslang::TShader>> shaders;
                 UnorderedMap<String, Uint> explicitVertexInLocations;
                 UnorderedMap<String, Uint> explicitFragmentOutLocations;
+                // Dual-source blend color index per fragment output (glBindFragDataLocationIndexed) ->
+                // emitted as layout(index = N).
+                UnorderedMap<String, Uint> explicitFragmentOutIndices;
                 UnorderedMap<String, Uint>* explicitOpaqueUniformBindings = nullptr;
             };
 

MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/glslang/TMglGlslIoResolver.cpp

@@ -76,6 +76,15 @@ namespace MobileGL {
                 auto& writableType = ent.symbol->getWritableType();
                 writableType.getQualifier().layoutLocation = it->second;
             }
+            // Dual-source blend color index (glBindFragDataLocationIndexed) -> layout(index = N).
+            // Only the non-zero (dual-source) index is emitted: index 0 is the GL default, and
+            // emitting an explicit "index = 0" qualifier would demand GL_EXT_blend_func_extended on
+            // GLES even for ordinary single-source fragment outputs.
+            auto idxIt = m_explicitFragOutIndices.find(name.c_str());
+            if (idxIt != m_explicitFragOutIndices.end() && idxIt->second != 0) {
+                auto& writableType = ent.symbol->getWritableType();
+                writableType.getQualifier().layoutIndex = idxIt->second;
+            }
         }
         if (ShouldAssignPlainUniformLocation(type)) {
             const int size = glslang::TIntermediate::computeTypeUniformLocationSize(type);

MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/glslang/TMglGlslIoResolver.h

@@ -26,13 +26,15 @@ namespace MobileGL {
     public:
         using ExplicitVarSlotMap = UnorderedMap<String, Uint>;
         TMglGlslIoResolver(const glslang::TIntermediate& intermediate, const ExplicitVarSlotMap& vertexIns,
-                           const ExplicitVarSlotMap& fragOuts, ExplicitVarSlotMap* opaqueUniformBindings)
+                           const ExplicitVarSlotMap& fragOuts, const ExplicitVarSlotMap& fragOutIndices,
+                           ExplicitVarSlotMap* opaqueUniformBindings)
             : TDefaultGlslIoResolver(intermediate), m_explicitVertexIns(vertexIns), m_explicitFragOuts(fragOuts),
-              m_explicitOpaqueUniformBindings(opaqueUniformBindings) {}
+              m_explicitFragOutIndices(fragOutIndices), m_explicitOpaqueUniformBindings(opaqueUniformBindings) {}
         TMglGlslIoResolver(const glslang::TProgram& program, const EShLanguage stage,
                            const ExplicitVarSlotMap& vertexIns, const ExplicitVarSlotMap& fragOuts,
-                           ExplicitVarSlotMap* opaqueUniformBindings)
+                           const ExplicitVarSlotMap& fragOutIndices, ExplicitVarSlotMap* opaqueUniformBindings)
-            : TMglGlslIoResolver(*program.getIntermediate(stage), vertexIns, fragOuts, opaqueUniformBindings) {}
+            : TMglGlslIoResolver(*program.getIntermediate(stage), vertexIns, fragOuts, fragOutIndices,
+                                 opaqueUniformBindings) {}
         void reserverStorageSlot(glslang::TVarEntryInfo& ent, TInfoSink& infoSink) override;
         void reserverResourceSlot(glslang::TVarEntryInfo& ent, TInfoSink& infoSink) override;
         int resolveUniformLocation(EShLanguage stage, glslang::TVarEntryInfo& ent) override;
@@ -43,6 +45,7 @@ namespace MobileGL {
 
         const ExplicitVarSlotMap& m_explicitVertexIns;
         const ExplicitVarSlotMap& m_explicitFragOuts;
+        const ExplicitVarSlotMap& m_explicitFragOutIndices;
         ExplicitVarSlotMap* m_explicitOpaqueUniformBindings = nullptr;
         std::map<glslang::TString, int> m_plainUniformLocationSizeByName;
         std::map<glslang::TString, int> m_plainUniformLocationByName;