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MobileGL/MobileGL/MG_IntegrationTest/Scenarios/PersistentCoherentMapScenario.cpp
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// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_IntegrationTest/Scenarios/PersistentCoherentMapScenario.cpp
// Copyright (c) 2026 MobileGL-Dev
// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
// https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
// https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
// End of Source File Header
//
// Scenario - A PERSISTENT|WRITE|COHERENT MAPPING, WRITTEN THROUGH WITH NO GL CALL ANNOUNCING IT.
//
// Target C of P5's reduced path, spelled out in full at docs/Disaggregated/ARCHITECTURE.md:500:
// map PERSISTENT|WRITE|COHERENT, write through the pointer, MAKE NO OTHER GL CALL, draw, read
// back and check.
//
// THE "NO OTHER GL CALL" IS THE ENTIRE POINT and it is exit gate E3(b). Under the split shape the
// server has no access to the client's address space, so a coherent mapping that the application
// writes into is bytes nobody told anyone about: the client tracker has to push the dirty blocks
// at EVERY VALIDATE POINT, on its own initiative, because no glBufferSubData, no
// glFlushMappedBufferRange and no unmap will ever come. A scenario that slipped in one announcing
// call - even a glGetError between the write and the draw - would let a "push on the next explicit
// buffer operation" implementation pass, which is the implementation this gate exists to reject.
// So the write/draw pairs below are exactly `std::memcpy(...)` followed by `glDrawArrays(...)`
// with nothing in between, and the sequence is map, write, draw, WRITE AGAIN, draw again, read
// back: the second write is the one that cannot have been carried by anything the first one did.
//
// WHICH ARM IS THIS RUNNING ON. A scenario-sized buffer is far below the 16 MiB
// kLargeBufferAdoptBytes, so BufferObject::TryAdoptLargeStorage never fires here - but
// AcquireMemoryRange has an adoption of its OWN that fires for any PERSISTENT|WRITE map that is
// not FLUSH_EXPLICIT (BufferObject.cpp:645-661). So the same test lands in the ADOPTED arm (the
// resource owner minted host-visible coherent storage, the CPU shadow was released, the
// application writes straight into GPU-visible memory) or in the EMULATED arm (the owner
// declined, the shadow is the truth, and the client has to push blocks) depending on driver and
// build - and those are completely different code paths. MOBILEGL_DISABLE_LARGE_BUFFER_ADOPTION
// does NOT separate them: it guards the 16 MiB path this buffer never reaches.
//
// So the lane DECLARES the arm (MGITEST_PERSISTENT_MAP_ARM, Harness/SplitLane.h) and
// TheMapLandsInTheArmItsLaneDeclares asserts it landed there, reading the library's own summary
// line. R-6 pins the split arm at T2 = emulated. The observable that separates them is
// `pmap` (persistent-map-push bytes, PipeStats ByteClass::PersistentMapPush): a push happens if
// and only if the acquisition was DECLINED, so pmap > 0 IS the black-box spelling of exit gate
// E3(d), "MGPipeApplyMapPersistent never returns a non-null pointer under split". It is the only
// spelling available from here - an adopted inproc store still renders correctly, because the
// address really is valid in this process, which is precisely why E3(d) is worth gating at all -
// and a direct count of declines would need a counter from packages b1/v1.
//
// `mpr` (map-persistent-roundtrips) is counted per ACQUISITION ATTEMPT, mint or decline
// (ARCHITECTURE.md:492), so it is the SAME NUMBER on both arms and in both transports: that is
// what makes exit gate E3(c)'s "mpr equal to the monolith arm's" checkable by one process. Both
// lanes assert the same constant against the same workload, so the equality holds by
// construction and each lane can fail on its own.
#include <array>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
#include "../Harness/HeadlessGL.h"
#include "../Harness/PersistentMapPeek.h"
#include "../Harness/PipeStatsWindow.h"
#include "../Harness/ScenarioFixture.h"
#include "../Harness/SplitLane.h"
#ifdef GLAPI
#undef GLAPI
#endif
#define GL_GLEXT_PROTOTYPES
#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <GL/glcorearb.h>
#undef GL_GLEXT_PROTOTYPES
namespace MGITest {
namespace {
constexpr const char* kVertexSource = R"(#version 330 core
in vec2 aPos;
in vec3 aColor;
out vec3 vColor;
void main() {
vColor = aColor;
gl_Position = vec4(aPos, 0.0, 1.0);
}
)";
constexpr const char* kFragmentSource = R"(#version 330 core
in vec3 vColor;
out vec4 oColor;
void main() { oColor = vec4(vColor, 1.0); }
)";
struct Vertex {
float x, y;
float r, g, b;
};
// A full-viewport quad as two triangles, flat-coloured: one region readback then speaks
// for the whole draw, and an offender pixel is a real disagreement rather than an
// interpolation difference between two drivers.
std::array<Vertex, 6> Quad(float r, float g, float b) {
return {{
{-1.f, -1.f, r, g, b},
{1.f, -1.f, r, g, b},
{1.f, 1.f, r, g, b},
{-1.f, -1.f, r, g, b},
{1.f, 1.f, r, g, b},
{-1.f, 1.f, r, g, b},
}};
}
constexpr GLsizeiptr kQuadBytes = GLsizeiptr(sizeof(Vertex) * 6);
constexpr GLbitfield kCoherentFlags = GL_MAP_WRITE_BIT | GL_MAP_PERSISTENT_BIT | GL_MAP_COHERENT_BIT;
// b1-v1.md 4.1 item 7, asserted rather than commented. GL_MAP_FLUSH_EXPLICIT_BIT would
// take this buffer OUT of the client's live-persistent-map set on purpose - the
// application announces its own writes through resource_flush_range and the push ships
// nothing - so a flag added here would turn every assertion below into a statement about
// a different mechanism, and it would still draw the right pixels under monolith.
static_assert((kCoherentFlags & GL_MAP_FLUSH_EXPLICIT_BIT) == 0,
"this scenario is about the PUSH, which is defined only for a persistent "
"write map that is NOT FLUSH_EXPLICIT (BufferObject.cpp:645-661)");
// The ctest entry that reads the summary line sets this and nothing else does; the case
// skips everywhere else rather than racing for the lane's log (PipeStatsWindow.h).
constexpr const char* kCounterLaneMarker = "MGITEST_PMAP_LANE";
// Draws issued against the mapping inside the counted window. One mapping, many draws:
// "one per acquisition" (1) and "one per draw" (kDrawsInTheWindow) have to be different
// numbers or the assertion cannot tell them apart.
constexpr int kDrawsInTheWindow = 4;
// Acquisitions the counted window performs: exactly one glMapBufferRange of exactly one
// freshly defined immutable store.
constexpr long long kExpectedRoundtrips = 1;
bool BuildMarkerIsSet(const char* name) {
const char* value = std::getenv(name);
return value != nullptr && value[0] == '1' && value[1] == '\0';
}
// A store defined with the three bits and mapped once, or a reason the driver refused.
// Returns false WITHOUT touching gtest state, so it can be called from a helper: a
// GTEST_SKIP() inside a value-returning function does not compile (the macro expands to
// a bare `return`), and every earlier attempt to hide one in a factory grew a second
// "did it skip" channel that drifted from the first.
struct CoherentStore {
unsigned int vbo = 0;
void* map = nullptr;
std::string refusal;
};
CoherentStore MakeCoherentlyMappedQuadStore() {
CoherentStore store;
glGenBuffers(1, &store.vbo);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, store.vbo);
glBufferStorage(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, kQuadBytes, nullptr, kCoherentFlags);
if (FirstGLError() != 0u) {
glDeleteBuffers(1, &store.vbo);
store.vbo = 0;
store.refusal =
"this driver has no immutable storage with GL_MAP_PERSISTENT_BIT|GL_MAP_COHERENT_BIT";
return store;
}
// THE ONE ACQUISITION. Everything below writes through this pointer and never maps
// again: AcquireMemoryRange only attempts an adoption while the store is not yet
// resident, so a second map would emit a second map_persistent and make the counted
// window's expected mpr a function of how often the test remapped.
store.map = glMapBufferRange(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, kQuadBytes, kCoherentFlags);
if (store.map == nullptr || FirstGLError() != 0u) {
glDeleteBuffers(1, &store.vbo);
store.vbo = 0;
store.map = nullptr;
store.refusal = "glMapBufferRange(PERSISTENT|WRITE|COHERENT) was refused";
}
return store;
}
void DescribeAttributes() {
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), nullptr);
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex),
reinterpret_cast<void*>(2 * sizeof(float)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
}
class PersistentCoherentMapScenario : public ScenarioTest {
protected:
void SetUp() override {
ScenarioTest::SetUp();
// Ready() is false both when there is no GPU and when the base SetUp skipped a
// Split lane that has no client to assert against (ScenarioFixture.h).
if (!Ready()) return;
std::string error;
m_program = CompileProgram(kVertexSource, kFragmentSource, &error);
ASSERT_NE(m_program, 0u) << error;
glGenVertexArrays(1, &m_vao);
glBindVertexArray(m_vao);
const CoherentStore store = MakeCoherentlyMappedQuadStore();
if (!store.refusal.empty()) {
GTEST_SKIP() << store.refusal;
}
m_vbo = store.vbo;
m_map = store.map;
// b1-v1.md 4.1 item 1, IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE MAP and before anything else can
// change the answer. This is the assertion that decides whether the rest of the
// scenario means anything.
AssertOrRecordArm(m_vbo, "immediately after the map");
if (IsSkipped() || HasFatalFailure()) return;
AssertMembership(m_vbo, "immediately after the map");
if (IsSkipped() || HasFatalFailure()) return;
DescribeAttributes();
ASSERT_EQ(FirstGLError(), 0u) << "configuring the VAO over the coherently mapped store";
}
// WHICH ARM. b1-v1.md 4.1 items 1 and 5: IsBackendPersistentMapped() false is the
// emulated arm - the resource owner DECLINED, the CPU shadow is still the truth, and
// the client has to push the mapping's dirty blocks. True is the adopted arm, where
// MGPipeApplyMapPersistent handed back a pointer and the shadow was released.
//
// Under inproc BOTH ARMS RENDER CORRECTLY, because an adopted store's address really
// is valid in this process - which is exactly why exit gate E3(d) has to be checked
// and cannot be inferred from pixels. Under spawn the adopted arm would be a wild
// pointer, so this one assertion is what makes E3 mean the same thing in P5 and P6.
//
// The lane DECLARES the arm it expects (MGITEST_PERSISTENT_MAP_ARM); a lane that
// declares none RECORDS it, because which arm AcquireMemoryRange takes for a
// sub-16-MiB map is a property of the driver - llvmpipe mints, a device may decline -
// and a monolith lane that pinned one would be red on hardware for no defect.
void AssertOrRecordArm(unsigned int vbo, const char* when) {
const std::string declared = SplitLane::DeclaredPersistentMapArm();
if (!PersistentMapPeekAvailable()) {
if (!declared.empty()) {
GTEST_SKIP() << "this lane declares the " << declared
<< " arm but Harness/PersistentMapPeek cannot look in this "
"build (on Android this module links the shipping "
"libMobileGL.so, built -fvisibility=hidden, so no internal "
"symbol resolves). 'Could not look' is not 'it was "
<< declared << "'.";
}
RecordProperty("persistent_map_arm", "unknown");
return;
}
bool adopted = false;
ASSERT_TRUE(PeekBufferIsAdoptedPersistentMap(vbo, &adopted))
<< "no frontend BufferObject behind GL buffer " << vbo << " " << when;
const char* arm = adopted ? "adopted" : "emulated";
RecordProperty("persistent_map_arm", arm);
if (declared.empty()) return;
ASSERT_EQ(declared, std::string(arm))
<< "the lane declared the " << declared << " arm and IsBackendPersistentMapped() "
<< when << " says " << arm
<< ". R-6 pins the split arm at adopt tier T2 = declined = emulated, and the two "
"arms are completely different code paths: adopted means the CPU shadow was "
"released and the application writes straight into storage the resource owner "
"minted, emulated means the shadow is the truth and every validate point has "
"to push blocks. Under inproc both render correctly, so pixels cannot tell "
"them apart - this is exit gate E3(d) and it is the only thing that can.";
}
// b1-v1.md 4.1 item 2: the client's live-persistent-map set is meant to be exactly
// SyncPersistentMappedRange's early-out chain. A drift between the two stops the push
// silently; asking here makes it a named failure instead.
void AssertMembership(unsigned int vbo, const char* when) {
if (!PersistentMapTrackerAvailable()) {
RecordProperty("persistent_map_membership", "unavailable");
return;
}
bool live = false;
ASSERT_TRUE(PeekBufferIsLivePersistentMap(vbo, &live))
<< "the tracker is compiled in but could not answer for GL buffer " << vbo << " " << when;
EXPECT_TRUE(live)
<< "a PERSISTENT|WRITE|COHERENT map that is not FLUSH_EXPLICIT is a member of "
"the client's live-persistent-map set by construction, and it is not one "
<< when
<< ". The set is supposed to BE SyncPersistentMappedRange's early-out chain; if "
"they have drifted, the push stops shipping this buffer's blocks and nothing "
"else says so.";
}
void TearDown() override {
if (!Ready()) return;
glBindVertexArray(0);
if (m_vbo != 0) {
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_vbo);
if (m_map != nullptr) glUnmapBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
glDeleteBuffers(1, &m_vbo);
}
if (m_vao != 0) glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &m_vao);
if (m_program != 0) glDeleteProgram(m_program);
m_vbo = m_vao = m_program = 0;
m_map = nullptr;
}
// Everything the draw needs, set once, so that the write/draw pairs below are
// memcpy + glDrawArrays and nothing else.
void ArmTheDrawState() {
HeadlessGL& gl = Gl();
BindDefaultFramebuffer();
glViewport(0, 0, gl.Width(), gl.Height());
glDisable(GL_SCISSOR_TEST);
glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
ClearTo(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glUseProgram(m_program);
glBindVertexArray(m_vao);
EXPECT_EQ(FirstGLError(), 0u) << "arming the draw state";
}
// THE WHOLE CONTRACT, IN TWO STATEMENTS. Nothing may be inserted between them - no
// glGetError, no glBindBuffer, no assertion that calls into GL. See the file header.
static void WriteThroughTheMapThenDraw(void* map, float r, float g, float b) {
const std::array<Vertex, 6> quad = Quad(r, g, b);
std::memcpy(map, quad.data(), sizeof(Vertex) * quad.size());
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6);
}
// The whole surface minus an 8-pixel inset, so a primitive edge cannot contribute an
// offender.
::testing::AssertionResult WholeSurfaceIs(const Image& image, const char* color,
const std::string& when) {
return RegionIsMostly(image, 8, image.Width() - 9, 8, image.Height() - 9, color, 0.0, when);
}
unsigned int m_program = 0;
unsigned int m_vao = 0;
unsigned int m_vbo = 0;
void* m_map = nullptr;
};
} // namespace
// E3(b): map, write, draw, WRITE AGAIN, draw again, read back. The second write is announced
// by nothing at all, so an implementation that pushed on an explicit buffer operation fails
// here and only here.
TEST_F(PersistentCoherentMapScenario, TwoWritesThroughTheCoherentPointerEachReachTheirOwnDraw) {
if (!Ready() || IsSkipped()) return;
ArmTheDrawState();
WriteThroughTheMapThenDraw(m_map, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
const Image afterFirst = ReadPixels(Gl().Width(), Gl().Height());
EXPECT_EQ(FirstGLError(), 0u);
EXPECT_TRUE(WholeSurfaceIs(afterFirst, "green",
"the first write through a PERSISTENT|WRITE|COHERENT mapping, with "
"no GL call announcing it"));
// The second write. Whatever carried the first one - an unmap, a flush, the definition
// itself - is in the past; only a push taken at this draw's validate point can carry it.
WriteThroughTheMapThenDraw(m_map, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
const Image afterSecond = ReadPixels(Gl().Width(), Gl().Height());
EXPECT_EQ(FirstGLError(), 0u);
EXPECT_TRUE(WholeSurfaceIs(afterSecond, "red",
"the SECOND write through the same mapping, announced by nothing: "
"this is exit gate E3(b), and a 'push on the next explicit buffer "
"operation' implementation reads back the FIRST write's colour here"));
// E3(d) again, AFTER the draws: b1-v1.md 4.1 item 5 asks that the arm hold across the
// whole scenario, not only at the map. A late adoption - the owner declining once and
// minting on a later validate point - would leave the first assertion true and this one
// false, and would be invisible in every pixel this case reads.
AssertOrRecordArm(m_vbo, "after both writes and both draws");
Gl().EndFrame();
}
// The same claim across a frame boundary, because the dirty-block set is per-frame state on
// the client and a tracker that cleared it at Present without pushing would pass the case
// above and fail this one.
TEST_F(PersistentCoherentMapScenario, AWriteAfterAFrameBoundaryReachesTheNextFramesDraw) {
if (!Ready() || IsSkipped()) return;
ArmTheDrawState();
WriteThroughTheMapThenDraw(m_map, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
const Image first = ReadPixels(Gl().Width(), Gl().Height());
EXPECT_TRUE(WholeSurfaceIs(first, "green", "frame 0's write through the mapping"));
Gl().EndFrame();
ArmTheDrawState();
WriteThroughTheMapThenDraw(m_map, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
const Image second = ReadPixels(Gl().Width(), Gl().Height());
EXPECT_EQ(FirstGLError(), 0u);
EXPECT_TRUE(WholeSurfaceIs(second, "red",
"frame 1's write through the SAME mapping, after a Present"));
AssertOrRecordArm(m_vbo, "after a frame boundary and two draws");
Gl().EndFrame();
}
// E3(c) and the black-box half of E3(d). ONE reading case, in a lane of its own, for the
// reason PipeStatsWindow.h gives: the library truncates its log per process, so two readers
// in one lane race under `ctest -j`.
TEST_F(PersistentCoherentMapScenario, TheMapLandsInTheArmItsLaneDeclares) {
if (!Ready() || IsSkipped()) return;
if (!BuildMarkerIsSet(kCounterLaneMarker)) {
GTEST_SKIP() << "not the counting lane: " << kCounterLaneMarker
<< " is set only by the *.PersistentMapArm.* entries, which give this case "
"a private MOBILEGL_LOG_FILE_PATH and a RESOURCE_LOCK on it";
}
if (!BuildMarkerIsSet("MGITEST_PIPE_PUSH_BUILD")) {
GTEST_SKIP() << "pull build: mpr= lives in the cso[ bracket, which is compiled only "
"under MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH, so the summary line does not carry it";
}
if (!BuildMarkerIsSet("MGITEST_PIPE_RESOURCE_EMITTER_PRESENT")) {
GTEST_SKIP() << "no MG_Impl/Pipe source emits MapPersistentRoundtrips on this tree, so "
"mpr= is structurally zero and an assertion about it would be a "
"statement about nothing";
}
Gl().EndFrame(); // close the setup window; SetUp's own store and map go in it
// One acquisition inside the counted window: one fresh immutable store, mapped once.
const CoherentStore store = MakeCoherentlyMappedQuadStore();
if (!store.refusal.empty()) {
GTEST_SKIP() << store.refusal;
}
AssertOrRecordArm(store.vbo, "immediately after the counted window's map");
if (IsSkipped() || HasFatalFailure()) return;
AssertMembership(store.vbo, "immediately after the counted window's map");
if (IsSkipped() || HasFatalFailure()) return;
glBindVertexArray(m_vao);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, store.vbo);
DescribeAttributes();
ArmTheDrawState();
// ... and then a frame's worth of traffic through it. Four writes and four draws must
// still cost ONE acquisition.
for (int draw = 0; draw < kDrawsInTheWindow; ++draw) {
WriteThroughTheMapThenDraw(store.map, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
}
const Image image = ReadPixels(Gl().Width(), Gl().Height());
EXPECT_EQ(FirstGLError(), 0u);
EXPECT_TRUE(WholeSurfaceIs(image, "green",
"the draws inside the counted window; if they never landed, every "
"number below is a number about nothing"));
Gl().EndFrame(); // the swap that emits the window covering exactly the work above
const PipeStatsWindow::Window window = PipeStatsWindow::LastFromLaneLog();
ASSERT_TRUE(window.found) << "no 'MGPipe stats:' line in " << PipeStatsWindow::LibraryLogPath()
<< ": either MOBILEGL_PIPE_STATS / MOBILEGL_PIPE_STATS_PERIOD did "
"not reach the process, or nothing reached PipeStats::OnPresent.";
RecordProperty("stats_line", window.line.c_str());
const long long roundtrips = PipeStatsWindow::CounterOrAbsent(window, "mpr");
ASSERT_GE(roundtrips, 0) << "the summary line carries no mpr= field: " << window.line;
EXPECT_EQ(roundtrips, kExpectedRoundtrips)
<< "one PERSISTENT|WRITE|COHERENT map of one freshly defined store is ONE acquisition "
"attempt, mint or decline (ARCHITECTURE.md:492). This window mapped once and drew "
<< kDrawsInTheWindow << " times, so " << kExpectedRoundtrips << " is the whole cost; "
<< kDrawsInTheWindow
<< " would mean the acquisition moved onto the draw path. The number is counted as "
"ATTEMPTS precisely so that it is the SAME on the adopted and the emulated arm and "
"under both transports - which is what makes exit gate E3(c)'s 'mpr equal to the "
"monolith arm's' checkable by one process. It reported: "
<< window.line;
// E3(c)'s second half: the bytes the push actually shipped. `pmap` is bytes PUSHED because
// a persistently mapped range had to be published, so on the emulated arm a window with
// four writes and four draws through a live coherent mapping cannot be zero.
//
// THE ARM ITSELF IS NOT DERIVED FROM THIS NUMBER. It is asserted from
// IsBackendPersistentMapped() at the map and again after the draws (b1-v1.md 4.1 items 1
// and 5), which is the direct observable; pmap is the CONSEQUENCE and is checked as a
// cross-check. Deriving the arm from pmap would have made "the push was never wired" and
// "the store was adopted" the same reading, and they are different defects with different
// owners.
const double pushedBytes = PipeStatsWindow::CounterAsDoubleOrAbsent(window, "pmap");
ASSERT_GE(pushedBytes, 0.0) << "the summary line carries no pmap= field: " << window.line;
RecordProperty("persistent_map_push_bytes_per_frame", std::to_string(pushedBytes).c_str());
RecordProperty("map_persistent_roundtrips", std::to_string(roundtrips).c_str());
if (SplitLane::DeclaredPersistentMapArm() == "emulated") {
EXPECT_GT(pushedBytes, 0.0)
<< "the emulated arm pushes the mapping's dirty blocks at every validate point, so "
"a window with "
<< kDrawsInTheWindow
<< " writes and as many draws through a live coherent mapping cannot have pushed "
"zero bytes. Zero here with MOBILEGL_IPC_PERSISTENT_BLOCK_KB at its default "
"means the push is not reaching this buffer - which is a DIFFERENT defect from "
"the store having been adopted, and the arm assertion above has already ruled "
"that one out. Zero with the knob set to 0 is exit gate E3(a)'s negative control "
"working as intended. Line: "
<< window.line;
} else {
// Recorded, not asserted: on this arm the number is whatever the driver's adoption
// decision makes it, and it is the figure MEASUREMENTS wants beside the split one.
RecordProperty("persistent_map_push_note",
"recorded only - this lane declares no emulated arm");
}
unsigned int vbo = store.vbo;
glBindVertexArray(0);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
glUnmapBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
glDeleteBuffers(1, &vbo);
}
} // namespace MGITest