[Fix] (MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler): normalize legacy desktop shaders to GLSL 330

[Fix] (MG_Impl/Texture): support anisotropic sampler parameters
[Fix] (MG_Backend/DirectVulkan): fix ERROR-level vertex stream build
2026-09-10 21:28:32 +09:00 · 2026-07-16 17:18:07 -04:00 · 2026-07-16 12:28:05 -04:00 · 2026-07-16 12:26:38 -04:00 · 2026-07-16 09:40:21 -04:00 · 2026-07-16 03:35:50 -04:00
243 changed files with 2066 additions and 37602 deletions
@@ -9,45 +9,17 @@ fi
 case_name="$1"
 fixture_dir="${2:-tools/trace_replay/fixtures}"
 python_bin="${PYTHON:-python3}"
-# Fixture mirrors, tried in order before falling back to Git LFS. Override the
-# whole list with MOBILEGL_TRACE_FIXTURE_MIRROR_BASES (whitespace separated);
-# MOBILEGL_TRACE_FIXTURE_MIRROR_BASE still works and is tried first.
-default_mirror_bases=(
-  "https://git.hit.moe/swung0x48/MobileGL/media/branch/dev/tools/trace_replay/fixtures"
-  "https://repo.miawa.cn/mgl/tools/trace_replay/fixtures"
-)
-if [ -n "${MOBILEGL_TRACE_FIXTURE_MIRROR_BASES:-}" ]; then
-  read -r -a mirror_bases <<< "${MOBILEGL_TRACE_FIXTURE_MIRROR_BASES}"
-else
-  mirror_bases=("${default_mirror_bases[@]}")
-fi
-if [ -n "${MOBILEGL_TRACE_FIXTURE_MIRROR_BASE:-}" ]; then
-  mirror_bases=("${MOBILEGL_TRACE_FIXTURE_MIRROR_BASE}" "${mirror_bases[@]}")
-fi
-# Optional bearer token for mirrors that require authentication (private Gitea).
-mirror_token="${MOBILEGL_TRACE_FIXTURE_MIRROR_TOKEN:-}"
-download_attempts="${MOBILEGL_TRACE_FIXTURE_DOWNLOAD_ATTEMPTS:-5}"
-retry_delay="${MOBILEGL_TRACE_FIXTURE_RETRY_DELAY:-2}"
+mirror_base="${MOBILEGL_TRACE_FIXTURE_MIRROR_BASE:-https://repo.miawa.cn/mgl/tools/trace_replay/fixtures}"

 if ! command -v "${python_bin}" >/dev/null 2>&1 && command -v python >/dev/null 2>&1; then
  python_bin=python
 fi

-if ! [[ "${download_attempts}" =~ ^[1-9][0-9]*$ ]]; then
-  echo "MOBILEGL_TRACE_FIXTURE_DOWNLOAD_ATTEMPTS must be a positive integer: ${download_attempts}" >&2
-  exit 2
-fi
-if ! [[ "${retry_delay}" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
-  echo "MOBILEGL_TRACE_FIXTURE_RETRY_DELAY must be a non-negative integer: ${retry_delay}" >&2
-  exit 2
-fi
-
 fixture_list="$("${python_bin}" tools/trace_replay/trace_cases.py \
  --format fixture-files \
  --case "${case_name}" \
  --fixture-root "${fixture_dir}")"
-# Strip CR so the script also works when python emits CRLF (Git Bash on Windows).
-mapfile -t files < <(printf '%s\n' "${fixture_list}" | tr -d '\r')
+mapfile -t files <<< "${fixture_list}"

 include="$(IFS=,; echo "${files[*]}")"
 if [ "${case_name}" = "OpenRA" ]; then
@@ -62,178 +34,34 @@ if [ "${case_name}" = "OpenRA" ]; then
  exit 0
 fi

-get_lfs_metadata() {
-  local file="$1"
-  local pointer
-  local expected_oid
-  local expected_size
-
-  if ! pointer="$(git show "HEAD:${file}" 2>/dev/null)"; then
-    echo "failed to read tracked fixture metadata: ${file}" >&2
-    return 1
-  fi
-  if ! grep -q '^version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1$' <<< "${pointer}"; then
-    echo "tracked fixture is not a Git LFS pointer: ${file}" >&2
-    return 1
-  fi
-
-  expected_oid="$(awk '$1 == "oid" && $2 ~ /^sha256:/ { sub(/^sha256:/, "", $2); print $2 }' <<< "${pointer}")"
-  expected_size="$(awk '$1 == "size" { print $2 }' <<< "${pointer}")"
-  if ! [[ "${expected_oid}" =~ ^[0-9a-f]{64}$ ]] || ! [[ "${expected_size}" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
-    echo "invalid Git LFS pointer metadata: ${file}" >&2
-    return 1
-  fi
-
-  printf '%s %s\n' "${expected_oid}" "${expected_size}"
-}
-
-verify_fixture_file() {
-  local downloaded_file="$1"
-  local display_name="$2"
-  local expected_oid="$3"
-  local expected_size="$4"
-  local actual_oid
-  local actual_size
-
-  if [ ! -f "${downloaded_file}" ]; then
-    echo "fixture file is missing: ${display_name}" >&2
-    return 1
-  fi
-
-  actual_size="$(wc -c < "${downloaded_file}" | tr -d '[:space:]')"
-  if [ "${actual_size}" != "${expected_size}" ]; then
-    echo "fixture size mismatch for ${display_name}: expected ${expected_size}, got ${actual_size}" >&2
-    return 1
-  fi
-
-  actual_oid="$(sha256sum "${downloaded_file}" | awk '{ print $1 }')"
-  if [ "${actual_oid}" != "${expected_oid}" ]; then
-    echo "fixture SHA-256 mismatch for ${display_name}: expected ${expected_oid}, got ${actual_oid}" >&2
-    return 1
-  fi
-}
-
-fetch_file_from_mirror() {
-  local file="$1"
-  local url="$2"
-  local metadata
-  local expected_oid
-  local expected_size
-  local tmp_file="${file}.tmp"
-  local attempt
-  local partial_size
-  local curl_status
-  local curl_auth
-
-  metadata="$(get_lfs_metadata "${file}")" || return 1
-  read -r expected_oid expected_size <<< "${metadata}"
-
-  if [ -f "${tmp_file}" ]; then
-    partial_size="$(wc -c < "${tmp_file}" | tr -d '[:space:]')"
-    if [ "${partial_size}" -gt "${expected_size}" ]; then
-      echo "Discarding oversized partial fixture ${tmp_file}: ${partial_size} > ${expected_size}" >&2
-      rm -f "${tmp_file}"
-    elif [ "${partial_size}" = "${expected_size}" ]; then
-      if verify_fixture_file "${tmp_file}" "${file}" "${expected_oid}" "${expected_size}"; then
-        mv "${tmp_file}" "${file}"
-        return 0
-      fi
-      rm -f "${tmp_file}"
-    fi
-  fi
-
-  for ((attempt = 1; attempt <= download_attempts; attempt++)); do
-    partial_size=0
-    if [ -f "${tmp_file}" ]; then
-      partial_size="$(wc -c < "${tmp_file}" | tr -d '[:space:]')"
-    fi
-
-    if [ "${partial_size}" -gt 0 ]; then
-      echo "Resuming mirror download for ${file} at byte ${partial_size} (attempt ${attempt}/${download_attempts})"
-    else
-      echo "Starting mirror download for ${file} (attempt ${attempt}/${download_attempts})"
-    fi
-
-    curl_auth=()
-    if [ -n "${mirror_token}" ]; then
-      curl_auth=(--header "Authorization: token ${mirror_token}")
-    fi
-    if curl -L --fail --show-error --continue-at - "${curl_auth[@]}" --output "${tmp_file}" "${url}"; then
-      if verify_fixture_file "${tmp_file}" "${file}" "${expected_oid}" "${expected_size}"; then
-        mv "${tmp_file}" "${file}"
-        return 0
-      fi
-      echo "Mirror download failed integrity verification; retrying from the beginning: ${file}" >&2
-      rm -f "${tmp_file}"
-    else
-      curl_status=$?
-      partial_size=0
-      if [ -f "${tmp_file}" ]; then
-        partial_size="$(wc -c < "${tmp_file}" | tr -d '[:space:]')"
-      fi
-
-      if [ "${partial_size}" = "${expected_size}" ]; then
-        if verify_fixture_file "${tmp_file}" "${file}" "${expected_oid}" "${expected_size}"; then
-          mv "${tmp_file}" "${file}"
-          return 0
-        fi
-        rm -f "${tmp_file}"
-        partial_size=0
-      elif [ "${partial_size}" -gt "${expected_size}" ]; then
-        echo "Discarding oversized partial fixture ${tmp_file}: ${partial_size} > ${expected_size}" >&2
-        rm -f "${tmp_file}"
-        partial_size=0
-      elif [ "${curl_status}" -eq 33 ]; then
-        echo "Mirror refused the resume request; retrying from the beginning: ${file}" >&2
-        rm -f "${tmp_file}"
-        partial_size=0
-      fi
-
-      echo "Mirror download attempt ${attempt}/${download_attempts} failed with curl exit ${curl_status}; retained ${partial_size} bytes for resume: ${file}" >&2
-    fi
-
-    if [ "${attempt}" -lt "${download_attempts}" ]; then
-      sleep "${retry_delay}"
-    fi
-  done
-
-  rm -f "${tmp_file}"
-  return 1
-}
-
 fetch_from_mirror() {
  mkdir -p "${fixture_dir}"
  for file in "${files[@]}"; do
    local name
    local url
-    local base
-    local fetched=0
    name="$(basename "${file}")"
-    for base in "${mirror_bases[@]}"; do
-      url="${base%/}/${name}"
-      echo "Fetching trace fixture from mirror: ${url}"
-      if fetch_file_from_mirror "${file}" "${url}"; then
-        fetched=1
-        break
-      fi
-      echo "Mirror did not serve ${name}; trying the next mirror" >&2
-    done
-    if [ "${fetched}" -ne 1 ]; then
+    url="${mirror_base%/}/${name}"
+    echo "Fetching trace fixture from mirror: ${url}"
+    if ! curl -L --fail --retry 3 --retry-delay 2 -o "${file}.tmp" "${url}"; then
+      rm -f "${file}.tmp"
      return 1
    fi
+    mv "${file}.tmp" "${file}"
  done
 }

 if fetch_from_mirror; then
  echo "Fetched trace fixture files for ${case_name} from mirror: ${include}"
 else
-  echo "All mirrors failed for ${case_name}; falling back to Git LFS: ${include}"
+  echo "Mirror fetch failed for ${case_name}; falling back to Git LFS: ${include}"
  git lfs install --local
  git lfs pull --include="${include}" --exclude=""
 fi

 for file in "${files[@]}"; do
-  metadata="$(get_lfs_metadata "${file}")"
-  read -r expected_oid expected_size <<< "${metadata}"
-  verify_fixture_file "${file}" "${file}" "${expected_oid}" "${expected_size}"
+  test -s "${file}"
+  if head -n 1 "${file}" | grep -q "version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1"; then
+    echo "failed to hydrate LFS fixture: ${file}" >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
 done
@@ -227,8 +227,6 @@ jobs:
    env:
      AVD_NAME: mobilegl-ci
      ANDROID_AVD_HOME: ${{ github.workspace }}/.android/avd
-      ANDROID_HOME: ${{ github.workspace }}/.android/sdk
-      ANDROID_SDK_ROOT: ${{ github.workspace }}/.android/sdk
    steps:
      - name: Checkout repo
        uses: actions/checkout@v6
@@ -247,11 +245,11 @@ jobs:
        with:
          path: |
            ${{ env.ANDROID_AVD_HOME }}
-            ${{ env.ANDROID_SDK_ROOT }}/emulator
-            ${{ env.ANDROID_SDK_ROOT }}/platform-tools
-            ${{ env.ANDROID_SDK_ROOT }}/platforms/android-35
-            ${{ env.ANDROID_SDK_ROOT }}/system-images/android-35/google_apis/x86_64
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-mobilegl-avd-api35-google_apis-x86_64-pixel_6-v2-${{ hashFiles('android-plugin/run-avd-ci.sh') }}
+            /usr/local/lib/android/sdk/emulator
+            /usr/local/lib/android/sdk/platform-tools
+            /usr/local/lib/android/sdk/platforms/android-35
+            /usr/local/lib/android/sdk/system-images/android-35/google_apis/x86_64
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-mobilegl-avd-api35-google_apis-x86_64-pixel_6-v1-${{ hashFiles('android-plugin/run-avd-ci.sh') }}

      - name: Create AVD
        if: steps.android-avd-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
@@ -276,8 +274,6 @@ jobs:
    env:
      AVD_NAME: mobilegl-ci
      ANDROID_AVD_HOME: ${{ github.workspace }}/.android/avd
-      ANDROID_HOME: ${{ github.workspace }}/.android/sdk
-      ANDROID_SDK_ROOT: ${{ github.workspace }}/.android/sdk
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      max-parallel: 4
@@ -292,7 +288,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Set Swap Space
        uses: pierotofy/set-swap-space@v1.0
        with:
-          swap-size-gb: 8
+          swap-size-gb: 16

      - name: Checkout repo
        uses: actions/checkout@v6
@@ -328,11 +324,11 @@ jobs:
        with:
          path: |
            ${{ env.ANDROID_AVD_HOME }}
-            ${{ env.ANDROID_SDK_ROOT }}/emulator
-            ${{ env.ANDROID_SDK_ROOT }}/platform-tools
-            ${{ env.ANDROID_SDK_ROOT }}/platforms/android-35
-            ${{ env.ANDROID_SDK_ROOT }}/system-images/android-35/google_apis/x86_64
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-mobilegl-avd-api35-google_apis-x86_64-pixel_6-v2-${{ hashFiles('android-plugin/run-avd-ci.sh') }}
+            /usr/local/lib/android/sdk/emulator
+            /usr/local/lib/android/sdk/platform-tools
+            /usr/local/lib/android/sdk/platforms/android-35
+            /usr/local/lib/android/sdk/system-images/android-35/google_apis/x86_64
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-mobilegl-avd-api35-google_apis-x86_64-pixel_6-v1-${{ hashFiles('android-plugin/run-avd-ci.sh') }}

      - name: Download retrace APK
        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
@@ -382,51 +378,27 @@ jobs:
          if [ "${{ matrix.case.coherent_as_flush || false }}" = "true" ]; then
            extra_retrace_args+=(--coherent-as-flush)
          fi
-
-          run_retrace() {
-            timeout "$(( ${{ matrix.case.timeout_seconds }} + 300 ))" sh android-plugin/trace-replay-ci.sh \
-              --apk-file "${apk_file}" \
-              --package top.mobilegl.plugin.trace \
-              --backend "${{ matrix.backend.name }}" \
-              --result-root android-retrace-result \
-              --fixture-root android-retrace-fixture \
-              --case "${{ matrix.case.name }}" \
-              --trace-archive "${{ matrix.case.trace_archive }}" \
-              --trace-file "${{ matrix.case.trace_file }}" \
-              --golden "${{ matrix.case.golden }}" \
-              --alternate-golden "${{ matrix.case.alternate_golden || '' }}" \
-              --target-call "${{ matrix.case.target_call }}" \
-              --width "${{ matrix.case.width }}" \
-              --height "${{ matrix.case.height }}" \
-              --ssim-threshold "${{ matrix.case.ssim_threshold || '0.99' }}" \
-              --crop-x "${{ matrix.case.crop_x }}" \
-              --crop-y "${{ matrix.case.crop_y }}" \
-              --crop-width "${{ matrix.case.crop_width }}" \
-              --crop-height "${{ matrix.case.crop_height }}" \
-              --timeout-seconds "${{ matrix.case.timeout_seconds }}" \
-              "${extra_retrace_args[@]}"
-          }
-
-          retrace_status=0
-          run_retrace || retrace_status=$?
-          if [ "${retrace_status}" -eq 75 ]; then
-            echo "::warning::Android emulator infrastructure failed; restarting it and retrying this retrace once."
-            sh android-plugin/run-avd-ci.sh stop \
-              --avd-name "${AVD_NAME}" \
-              --emulator-log "${EMULATOR_LOG}" \
-              --pid-file "${EMULATOR_PID_FILE}"
-            adb kill-server || true
-            sleep 2
-            sh android-plugin/run-avd-ci.sh start \
-              --avd-name "${AVD_NAME}" \
-              --gpu "${{ matrix.backend.gpu }}" \
-              --emulator-log "${EMULATOR_LOG}" \
-              --pid-file "${EMULATOR_PID_FILE}" \
-              --boot-timeout 300
-            run_retrace
-          elif [ "${retrace_status}" -ne 0 ]; then
-            exit "${retrace_status}"
-          fi
+          timeout "$(( ${{ matrix.case.timeout_seconds }} + 300 ))" sh android-plugin/trace-replay-ci.sh \
+            --apk-file "${apk_file}" \
+            --package top.mobilegl.plugin.trace \
+            --backend "${{ matrix.backend.name }}" \
+            --result-root android-retrace-result \
+            --fixture-root android-retrace-fixture \
+            --case "${{ matrix.case.name }}" \
+            --trace-archive "${{ matrix.case.trace_archive }}" \
+            --trace-file "${{ matrix.case.trace_file }}" \
+            --golden "${{ matrix.case.golden }}" \
+            --alternate-golden "${{ matrix.case.alternate_golden || '' }}" \
+            --target-call "${{ matrix.case.target_call }}" \
+            --width "${{ matrix.case.width }}" \
+            --height "${{ matrix.case.height }}" \
+            --ssim-threshold "${{ matrix.case.ssim_threshold || '0.99' }}" \
+            --crop-x "${{ matrix.case.crop_x }}" \
+            --crop-y "${{ matrix.case.crop_y }}" \
+            --crop-width "${{ matrix.case.crop_width }}" \
+            --crop-height "${{ matrix.case.crop_height }}" \
+            --timeout-seconds "${{ matrix.case.timeout_seconds }}" \
+            "${extra_retrace_args[@]}"

      - name: Collect retrace summary inputs
        if: always()
@@ -107,7 +107,6 @@ jobs:
            --exclude='build.ninja' \
            --exclude='cmake_install.cmake' \
            -czf ci-artifacts/mobilegl-linux-runtime.tgz \
-            "${BUILD_DIR}/CTestTestfile.cmake" \
            "${BUILD_DIR}/MobileGL/MG_Test" \
            "${BUILD_DIR}/MobileGL/MG_Benchmark" \
            "${SHARED_LIBS[@]}"
@@ -157,12 +156,12 @@ jobs:
          PY

      - name: Test
-        working-directory: build-linux
+        working-directory: build-linux/MobileGL/MG_Test
        run: |
          if [ "${{ secrets.ACTIONS_STEP_DEBUG }}" = "true" ]; then
-            ctest -V -L unit --no-tests=error
+            ctest -V
          else
-            ctest --output-on-failure -L unit --no-tests=error
+            ctest --output-on-failure
          fi

  benchmark:
@@ -203,8 +202,8 @@ jobs:
          PY

      - name: Benchmark
-        working-directory: build-linux
-        run: ctest -V -C Release -L benchmark --no-tests=error
+        working-directory: build-linux/MobileGL/MG_Benchmark
+        run: ctest -V -C Release

  build-retrace:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -455,15 +454,6 @@ jobs:
          if [ '${{ matrix.backend }}' = 'DirectVulkan' ]; then
            export MOBILEGL_MAGMA_R11G11B10F_FALLBACK=1
          fi
-          # The blended depth-write quirk auto-enables only on Qualcomm, which no CI
-          # runner has, so force it on for the OIT case it exists to fix. ForceOn
-          # bypasses only the vendor gate, so this exercises the real strip on
-          # lavapipe. The Android AVD lane deliberately leaves it off, keeping the
-          # unstripped path covered for the same trace.
-          if [ '${{ matrix.backend }}' = 'DirectVulkan' ] \
-             && [ '${{ matrix.case }}' = 'improved-transparency-minecraft-26.3' ]; then
-            export MOBILEGL_MAGMA_DISABLE_BLENDED_DEPTH_WRITE=1
-          fi
          ctest -V --no-tests=error -R '^MobileGLTraceReplay\.${{ matrix.case }}\.${{ matrix.backend }}$'

      - name: Upload actual image
@@ -25,5 +25,3 @@ MobileGL/MG*/cmake-build*
 /android-plugin/app/src/trace/jniLibs
 /android-plugin/local.properties
 tools/trace_replay/work/
-__pycache__/
-*.py[cod]
@@ -188,12 +188,8 @@ set(SOURCE_FILES
    MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpirvPasses/EliminateFloatEqualsZeroPass.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpirvPasses/RenameSamplerFunctionParameterPass.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpirvPasses/DecomposeWorkgroupVec3Pass.cpp
-    MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpirvPasses/DecoratePositionInvariantPass.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpirvPasses/LowerDrawParametersPass.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpirvPasses/RebaseInstanceIndexPass.cpp
-    MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpirvPasses/StripUboMemberRelaxedPrecisionPass.cpp
-    MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpirvPasses/StripNoPerspectivePass.cpp
-    MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpirvPasses/EmulateNoPerspectivePass.cpp

    MobileGL/MG_Util/BackendLoaders/OpenGL/Loader.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Util/BackendLoaders/Vulkan/Loader.cpp
@@ -303,13 +299,6 @@ if (ANDROID)
    )
 endif()

-if (WIN32)
-    list(APPEND SOURCE_FILES
-        MobileGL/MG_Impl/WGLImpl/WGLImpl.cpp
-        MobileGL/MG_Impl/WGLImpl/Exporting/Definitions.cpp
-    )
-endif()
-
 set(MOBILEGL_LINK_LIBRARIES
        glslang::glslang
        spirv-cross-c
@@ -338,18 +327,10 @@ set(MOBILEGL_INCLUDE_DIR
        ${SPIRV-Headers_SOURCE_DIR}/include
 )

-add_library(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} SHARED
+add_library(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} SHARED 
    ${SOURCE_FILES}
 )

-if (WIN32)
-    # The wgl* entry points are exported via .def (see the comment in wgl.def);
-    # only the shared library links it.
-    target_sources(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE
-        MobileGL/MG_Impl/WGLImpl/Exporting/wgl.def
-    )
-endif()
-
 if (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
    set_target_properties(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PROPERTIES
        C_VISIBILITY_PRESET default
@@ -392,18 +373,6 @@ if(UNIX AND NOT APPLE AND NOT ANDROID)
    endforeach()
 endif()

-if(WIN32)
-    # Drop-in for the classic GL loader path: a copy named opengl32.dll placed
-    # next to a host executable is what LoadLibrary("opengl32.dll") and gdi32's
-    # pixel-format forwarding will resolve.
-    add_custom_command(TARGET ${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} POST_BUILD
-        COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_if_different
-                "$<TARGET_FILE:${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}>"
-                "$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}>/opengl32.dll"
-        COMMENT "Creating opengl32.dll drop-in copy"
-    )
-endif()
-
 if(NOT ANDROID)
    add_library(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}_s STATIC 
        ${SOURCE_FILES}
@@ -455,21 +424,8 @@ if (ANDROID)
 endif()

 if (APPLE AND NOT MOBILEGL_IOS)
-    # MobileGL statically embeds glslang, SPIRV-Tools, and SPIRV-Cross. When
-    # this dylib is injected with DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES, exporting those C++
-    # symbols interposes incompatible copies embedded by host libraries such
-    # as shaderc. Keep only the public GL/EGL/CGL loader surface globally
-    # visible; GetProcAddress can still return pointers to hidden internals.
-    set(MOBILEGL_MACOS_EXPORTED_SYMBOLS
-        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/MobileGL/MG_Impl/DyldInterpose/ExportedSymbols.txt")
-    target_link_options(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE
-        "LINKER:-exported_symbols_list,${MOBILEGL_MACOS_EXPORTED_SYMBOLS}")
-    set_property(TARGET ${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} APPEND PROPERTY
-        LINK_DEPENDS "${MOBILEGL_MACOS_EXPORTED_SYMBOLS}")
-
    target_link_libraries(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC
        "-framework Cocoa"
-        "-framework CoreVideo"
        "-framework QuartzCore"
        "-framework Foundation"
        "-framework OpenGL"
@@ -477,7 +433,6 @@ if (APPLE AND NOT MOBILEGL_IOS)
    if(TARGET ${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}_s)
        target_link_libraries(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}_s PUBLIC
            "-framework Cocoa"
-            "-framework CoreVideo"
            "-framework QuartzCore"
            "-framework Foundation"
            "-framework OpenGL"
@@ -520,15 +475,6 @@ if (NOT ANDROID AND NOT MOBILEGL_IOS)
 endif ()

 if (NOT ANDROID)
-    # Enable testing in the top-level scope so a CTestTestfile.cmake is emitted
-    # at the build-tree root. This lets `ctest` be invoked from the top-level
-    # build directory (IDE "run all tests", CI) and discover every test in the
-    # subdirectories below, instead of having to descend into each
-    # MG_Test/MG_Benchmark subdirectory. Tests are tagged with CTest labels
-    # (unit / benchmark / integration), so e.g. `ctest -L unit` selects just
-    # the unit suite.
-    enable_testing()
-
    if (MOBILEGL_BUILD_TEST)
        add_subdirectory(MobileGL/MG_Test)
    endif()
@@ -538,6 +484,7 @@ if (NOT ANDROID)
    endif()

    if (MOBILEGL_BUILD_TRACE_REPLAY)
+        enable_testing()
        add_subdirectory(tools/trace_replay)
    endif()
 endif()
@@ -14,21 +14,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Config {
    inline const String ProjectName = "MobileGL";
    inline const String CoreName = "MobileGL Core";
    inline const String CoreVendor = "MobileGL-Dev (BZLZHH, Swung0x48, Tungsten)";
-    inline const Version CoreVersion = {26, 8, 0, "-dev", VersionType::Development};
+    inline const Version CoreVersion = {26, 7, 0, "-dev", VersionType::Development};
    inline const VersionStringFormatAttrib DefaultVersionStringFormatAttrib = {2, 2, 0, true, true};
    inline const Uint64 CacheVersion = 0;

    extern BackendType ActiveBackendType;

-    // Tri-state override for device-specific quirks: Auto lets the detected device decide,
-    // ForceOn/ForceOff bypass the detection in either direction. ForceOn only bypasses the
-    // device gate - each quirk keeps its structural safety checks.
-    enum class QuirkOverride : Uint8 {
-        Auto = 0,
-        ForceOn,
-        ForceOff,
-    };
-
    // Feature toggles parsed once from environment variables in MG_ConfigLoader::Init()
    // (ConfigLoader.cpp), before the accepted-env map is destroyed. All Bool fields share
    // one truthy rule: the variable is set, non-empty, not "0", and not "false"
@@ -70,27 +61,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Config {
        // per-draw glBufferSubData path instead of the persistent-mapped ring allocator
        // (negative control / driver-bug escape hatch).
        Bool DisableUboRing = false;
-        // MOBILEGL_RELAXED_SEMANTICS: relax strict core-profile rules (e.g. VAO-0 draws,
-        // texture-name reuse after delete) even on contexts that explicitly requested a core
-        // profile. Without it, relaxed semantics still apply to every context that did not
-        // explicitly request a core profile via EGL_CONTEXT_OPENGL_PROFILE_MASK / a >=3.1
-        // version request.
-        Bool RelaxedSemantics = false;
-        // MOBILEGL_QUIRK_SUBGROUP_PREFIX_SCAN: overrides the shader-source quirk that
-        // rewrites the recognized workgroup prefix-scan template on Qualcomm devices with
-        // subgroups wider than 32 lanes (see ShaderSourceProcessor's quirk registry).
-        QuirkOverride SubgroupPrefixScanQuirk = QuirkOverride::Auto;
-        // MOBILEGL_MAGMA_DISABLE_BLENDED_DEPTH_WRITE: overrides the DirectVulkan quirk that
-        // strips depth writes from accumulation-blended pipelines (MIN/MAX or additive
-        // ONE+ONE - the multi-pass depth-equality signature) on drivers without
-        // cross-pipeline vertex position invariance. Sorted-transparency "over" blends,
-        // gl_FragDepth writers, and fully color-masked attachments are exempt (see
-        // PipelineFactory::ShouldSuppressDepthWrite). Auto detects Qualcomm.
-        QuirkOverride MagmaDisableBlendedDepthWriteQuirk = QuirkOverride::Auto;
-        // MOBILEGL_DISABLE_ROBUST_BUFFER_ACCESS: leave the Vulkan robustBufferAccess device
-        // feature off. It is enabled by default to match GL's defined out-of-range fetch
-        // behavior; this escape hatch exists to measure or dodge its GPU cost on a device.
-        Bool DisableRobustBufferAccess = false;
    };
    extern FeaturesTable Features;
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Config
@@ -86,17 +86,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_ConfigLoader {
        return it != acceptedEnvVariablesMap->end() && IsTruthyValue(it->second);
    }

-    // Quirk overrides are tri-state: an unset variable keeps device auto-detection, a truthy
-    // value forces the quirk on, anything else set ("0", "false", "") forces it off.
-    inline MG_Config::QuirkOverride QueryEnvQuirkOverride(const String& key) {
-        auto it = acceptedEnvVariablesMap->find(key);
-        if (it == acceptedEnvVariablesMap->end()) {
-            return MG_Config::QuirkOverride::Auto;
-        }
-        return IsTruthyValue(it->second) ? MG_Config::QuirkOverride::ForceOn
-                                         : MG_Config::QuirkOverride::ForceOff;
-    }
-
    inline Uint32 QueryEnvUint32(const String& key, Uint32 defaultValue, Uint32 minValue, Uint32 maxValue) {
        auto it = acceptedEnvVariablesMap->find(key);
        if (it == acceptedEnvVariablesMap->end()) {
@@ -133,11 +122,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_ConfigLoader {
        features.CoherentAsFlush = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_COHERENT_AS_FLUSH");
        features.TraceSkipAutodestroy = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_TRACE_SKIP_AUTODESTROY");
        features.DisableUboRing = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_DISABLE_UBO_RING");
-        features.RelaxedSemantics = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_RELAXED_SEMANTICS");
-        features.SubgroupPrefixScanQuirk = QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_QUIRK_SUBGROUP_PREFIX_SCAN");
-        features.MagmaDisableBlendedDepthWriteQuirk =
-            QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_MAGMA_DISABLE_BLENDED_DEPTH_WRITE");
-        features.DisableRobustBufferAccess = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_DISABLE_ROBUST_BUFFER_ACCESS");
    }

    inline void InitBackendType() {
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
 #define MOBILEGL_EGL_API MOBILEGL_API
 #define MOBILEGL_CGL_API MOBILEGL_API
 #define MOBILEGL_NSOPENGL_API MOBILEGL_API
-#define MOBILEGL_WGL_API MOBILEGL_API

 // ====================== MobileGL configurations ======================= //
 #ifndef MOBILEGL_LOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL
@@ -14,13 +14,7 @@ namespace MobileGL {
    } // namespace MG_Config

    namespace MG_Backend {
-        // Leak-at-exit storage: the UniquePtr itself lives on the heap and is
-        // never destroyed by the runtime, so process exit runs no backend
-        // destructors (static destruction order across TUs is undefined).
-        // Deterministic teardown happens inside the EGL lifecycle instead:
-        // the last eglTerminate calls MobileGL::Destroy(), which .reset()s
-        // these singletons while the process is still healthy.
-        UniquePtr<BackendObject>& pActiveBackendObject = *new UniquePtr<BackendObject>();
+        UniquePtr<BackendObject> pActiveBackendObject;
        GlobalBackendFunctionsTable gBackendFunctionsTable;
    } // namespace MG_Backend
 } // namespace MobileGL
@@ -9,25 +9,14 @@
 #include "Init.h"
 #include "Config.h"
 #include <MG_Backend/BackendObjects.h>
-#include <MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/DirectVulkan.h>
 #include <MG_State/GLState/Core.h>
 #include <MG_State/EGLState/Core.h>
 #include <MG_Impl/GLImpl/Texture/ProxyTexture.h>
 #include <MG_Impl/GLImpl/Framebuffer/GL_Framebuffer.h>
-#include <MG_Impl/GLImpl/Sync/GL_Sync.h>
-
-#include <atomic>
-#include <mutex>

 namespace MobileGL {
    namespace {
-        std::atomic<Bool> g_isInitialized = false;
-        thread_local Bool tl_initializing = false;
-
-        std::mutex& InitMutex() {
-            static std::mutex mutex;
-            return mutex;
-        }
+        Bool g_isInitialized = false;

        void DestroyImpl(Bool logLifecycle) {
            if (!g_isInitialized) {
@@ -38,12 +27,6 @@ namespace MobileGL {
                MGLOG_I("MobileGL closing...");
            }
            glslang::FinalizeProcess();
-            // GL syncs die with their contexts, and every context is gone by the
-            // time full teardown runs: drain the live-sync registry while the
-            // backend function table can still release the backend handles (and
-            // before a re-initialized library could pair them with the wrong
-            // backend's DeleteSync).
-            MG_Impl::GLImpl::DestroyAllSyncObjects();
            MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject.reset();
            MG_State::pGLContext.reset();
            MG_State::pEGLContext.reset();
@@ -81,37 +64,40 @@ namespace MobileGL {
        MGLOG_I("MobileGL initialized");
    }

-    void EnsureInitialized() {
-        if (g_isInitialized.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) {
-            return;
-        }
-        // Re-entrant call while this thread is already inside Initialize()
-        // (e.g. an init step routing back through a public entry point).
-        if (tl_initializing) {
-            return;
-        }
-        const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(InitMutex());
-        if (g_isInitialized.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) {
-            return;
-        }
-        tl_initializing = true;
-        Initialize();
-        tl_initializing = false;
-    }
-
    void Destroy() {
        DestroyImpl(true);
    }

-    // MobileGL's lifecycle is owned entirely by the host-API layers
-    // (EGL/WGL/CGL): initialization happens lazily on the first entry point
-    // via EnsureInitialized(), and full teardown happens deterministically
-    // when the last EGL display is terminated with nothing current (EGLImpl
-    // calls Destroy()). There is intentionally no backend-initializing static
-    // constructor, no static destructor, and no DllMain: the global singletons
-    // use leak-at-exit storage (see GlobalObjects.cpp), so a process that exits
-    // without eglTerminate simply leaks them to the OS instead of running
-    // backend destructors during static teardown. macOS has a lightweight
-    // dyld constructor that installs NSOpenGL dispatch hooks only; full backend
-    // initialization still enters here from the first hooked CGL context.
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+    __attribute__((constructor)) static void AutoInit() {
+        Initialize();
+    }
+
+    __attribute__((destructor)) static void AutoDestroy() {
+        if (MG_Config::Features.TraceSkipAutodestroy) {
+            return;
+        }
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+        // macOS injected dylibs can run destructors after logging/backend static state is already torn down.
+        return;
+#else
+        DestroyImpl(false);
+#endif
+    }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HMODULE hModule, DWORD ul_reason_for_call, LPVOID lpReserved) {
+        switch (ul_reason_for_call) {
+        case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH:
+            Initialize();
+            break;
+
+        case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH:
+            Destroy();
+            break;
+        }
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+#endif
 } // namespace MobileGL
@@ -11,13 +11,6 @@

 namespace MobileGL {
    void Initialize();
-    // Thread-safe, idempotent, and re-entrant wrapper around Initialize().
-    // Host layers (EGL/WGL/CGL entry points) call this lazily on first use so
-    // full backend initialization never depends on ELF/DLL static constructors,
-    // and so a fresh init can follow a full Destroy() (e.g. after the last
-    // eglTerminate). The macOS dyld bootstrap installs only lightweight
-    // NSOpenGL method hooks.
-    void EnsureInitialized();
    void Destroy();

    namespace MG_Util::Debug {
@@ -220,22 +220,6 @@ namespace MobileGL {
            // and leave the query readable later.
            Bool (*GetQueryResult64)(BackendQueryHandle query, Bool wait, Uint64* outNanoseconds);
            void (*DeleteBackendQuery)(BackendQueryHandle query);
-            // GL_SAMPLES_PASSED occlusion queries (optional; null = unsupported,
-            // the frontend then rejects the target). Results/deletion flow through
-            // GetQueryResult64 / DeleteBackendQuery like timer queries.
-            BackendQueryHandle (*BeginOcclusionQuery)();
-            void (*EndOcclusionQuery)(BackendQueryHandle query);
-            // Transform feedback primitive queries backed by real GPU query pools
-            // (optional; null = frontend falls back to CPU accounting).
-            BackendQueryHandle (*BeginXfbPrimitivesQuery)(Bool generated);
-            void (*EndXfbPrimitivesQuery)(BackendQueryHandle query);
-            // Transform feedback capture spans, for backends whose own GL/ES driver
-            // performs the capture (DirectGLES). Both optional; null means the backend
-            // drives capture from its draw recording instead (DirectVulkan). End is
-            // called while the frontend capture state is still active, so the backend
-            // can still see the capture program and buffer bindings.
-            void (*BeginTransformFeedback)(GLenum primitiveMode);
-            void (*EndTransformFeedback)();
            Int64 (*GetGpuTimestampNs)(); // glGetInteger64v(GL_TIMESTAMP); 0 if unsupported
        };
        struct GlobalBackendFunctionsTable {
@@ -246,26 +230,8 @@ namespace MobileGL {
            void (*SetSwapInterval)(Int interval);
        };

-        // Coarse GPU vendor identity for gating device-specific quirks. Detected from the
-        // Vulkan physical-device vendorID or the GLES GL_VENDOR/GL_RENDERER strings; stays
-        // Unknown when detection is inconclusive, in which case auto-gated quirks stay off.
-        enum class GpuVendorKind : Uint8 {
-            Unknown = 0,
-            Qualcomm,
-            Arm,
-            Nvidia,
-            Amd,
-            Intel,
-            ImgTec,
-            // Software rasterizers (llvmpipe/lavapipe, SwiftShader).
-            Software,
-        };
-
        struct DynamicBackendParameters {
            SizeT UniformBufferOffsetAlignment = 256;
-            // GL_MAX_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY_EXT. 1.0 means the backend cannot filter anisotropically,
-            // which is also why the extension is not advertised in that case.
-            Float MaxTextureMaxAnisotropy = 1.0f;
            Float AliasedLineWidthRangeMin = 1.0f;
            Float AliasedLineWidthRangeMax = 1.0f;
            Float SmoothLineWidthRangeMin = 1.0f;
@@ -303,9 +269,6 @@ namespace MobileGL {
            Int MaxUniformBlockSize = 16384;
            Int MaxImageUnits = 8;
            Int MaxCombinedImageUniforms = 8;
-            Int MaxVertexImageUniforms = 0;
-            Int MaxGeometryImageUniforms = 0;
-            Int MaxFragmentImageUniforms = 8;
            Int MaxComputeImageUniforms = 8;
            Int MaxDrawBuffers = 8;
            Int MaxColorAttachments = 8;
@@ -316,35 +279,19 @@ namespace MobileGL {
            Float ViewportBoundsRangeMin = 0.0f;
            Float ViewportBoundsRangeMax = 0.0f;
            Int ViewportSubpixelBits = 0;
-            // GL 4.x fragment-interpolation offset limits. These defaults are the
-            // core minimums and are replaced by live GLES/Vulkan device limits.
-            Float MinFragmentInterpolationOffset = -0.5f;
-            // For four fractional bits the greatest required legal offset is
-            // 0.5 - 2^-4 = 0.4375 (GL 4.6 table 23.70).
-            Float MaxFragmentInterpolationOffset = 0.4375f;
-            Int FragmentInterpolationOffsetBits = 4;
            Bool SupportsWideLines = false;
-            // Whether a framebuffer whose depth and stencil attachments are distinct
-            // images can be rendered to. GL only requires support when both refer to the
-            // same image and lets an implementation answer GL_FRAMEBUFFER_UNSUPPORTED
-            // otherwise, which is what DirectVulkan (one combined attachment) and the
-            // real ES drivers behind DirectGLES both do. Defaults to true so a backend
-            // that never sets it keeps the permissive behaviour.
-            Bool SupportsDistinctDepthStencilAttachments = true;
            SizeT MaxShaderStorageBlockSize = 128 * 1024 * 1024;
            Uint32 SubgroupSize = 0;
            Uint32 SubgroupSupportedStages = 0;
            Uint32 SubgroupSupportedFeatures = 0;
            Bool SubgroupQuadOperationsInAllStages = false;
-            GpuVendorKind GpuVendor = GpuVendorKind::Unknown;
        };

        enum class WindowBackend {
            Android,
            X11,
            MetalLayer,
-            Win32, // Handle is an HWND
-            // TODO: Wayland, etc.
+            // TODO: Wayland, Windows, etc.
            WindowBackendCount,
            Unknown = -1
        };
@@ -13,6 +13,6 @@
 #include "DirectVulkan/BackendObject_DirectVulkan.h"

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend {
-    extern UniquePtr<BackendObject>& pActiveBackendObject;
+    extern UniquePtr<BackendObject> pActiveBackendObject;
    extern GlobalBackendFunctionsTable gBackendFunctionsTable;
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 #include <MG_Util/Texture/TextureFormatProcessor.h>
 #include <Config.h>
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <cmath>
 #include <format>

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
@@ -210,12 +209,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            if (options & PixelFormatNormalizeOptionBit::NoDepthComponent32) {
                reasons.push_back("GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT32 native probe failed on OpenGL ES");
            }
-            if (options & PixelFormatNormalizeOptionBit::NoThreeChannelRenderTarget) {
-                reasons.push_back("no three-channel multisample storage format on OpenGL ES");
-            }
-            if (options & PixelFormatNormalizeOptionBit::NoSnorm16RenderTarget) {
-                reasons.push_back("EXT_render_snorm not supported");
-            }

            String reason;
            for (SizeT i = 0; i < reasons.size(); ++i) {
@@ -363,42 +356,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            return complete;
        }

-        // Whether the driver renders to a framebuffer whose depth and stencil come from
-        // two different renderbuffers. GL only requires support when both attachments are
-        // the same image, and ES drivers commonly answer GL_FRAMEBUFFER_UNSUPPORTED here;
-        // reporting COMPLETE from the frontend and then rendering into a framebuffer the
-        // driver refuses leaves the results silently empty.
-        Bool ProbeDistinctDepthStencilAttachments(const MG_External::GLESFunctionsTable& gl) {
-            if (!gl.glGenFramebuffers || !gl.glBindFramebuffer || !gl.glFramebufferRenderbuffer ||
-                !gl.glCheckFramebufferStatus || !gl.glDeleteFramebuffers || !gl.glGenRenderbuffers ||
-                !gl.glBindRenderbuffer || !gl.glRenderbufferStorage || !gl.glDeleteRenderbuffers) {
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            GLint prevFramebuffer = 0, prevRenderbuffer = 0;
-            gl.glGetIntegerv(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_BINDING, &prevFramebuffer);
-            gl.glGetIntegerv(GL_RENDERBUFFER_BINDING, &prevRenderbuffer);
-
-            GLuint framebuffer = 0;
-            GLuint renderbuffers[2] = {0, 0};
-            gl.glGenFramebuffers(1, &framebuffer);
-            gl.glGenRenderbuffers(2, renderbuffers);
-            gl.glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, renderbuffers[0]);
-            gl.glRenderbufferStorage(GL_RENDERBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT16, 4, 4);
-            gl.glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, renderbuffers[1]);
-            gl.glRenderbufferStorage(GL_RENDERBUFFER, GL_STENCIL_INDEX8, 4, 4);
-            gl.glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, framebuffer);
-            gl.glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, GL_RENDERBUFFER, renderbuffers[0]);
-            gl.glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_RENDERBUFFER, renderbuffers[1]);
-            const Bool supported = gl.glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER) == GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE;
-
-            gl.glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, static_cast<GLuint>(prevFramebuffer));
-            gl.glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, static_cast<GLuint>(prevRenderbuffer));
-            gl.glDeleteFramebuffers(1, &framebuffer);
-            gl.glDeleteRenderbuffers(2, renderbuffers);
-            return supported;
-        }
-
        Bool ProbeFramebufferCompletenessForRenderbuffer(const MG_External::GLESFunctionsTable& gl,
                                                        GLuint renderbuffer,
                                                        TextureInternalFormat format) {
@@ -562,50 +519,20 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                }

                const GLESProbeFormatInfo nativeInfo = BuildNativeProbeFormatInfo(requestedInternalFormat);
-                GLESProbeFormatInfo outerFallbackInfo;
-                const Bool outerHasForcedFallback =
-                    BuildFallbackProbeFormatInfo(requestedInternalFormat, forcedOptions, true, outerFallbackInfo);
-                if (!outerHasForcedFallback) {
-                    BuildFallbackProbeFormatInfo(requestedInternalFormat, driverOptions, false, outerFallbackInfo);
+                GLESProbeFormatInfo fallbackInfo;
+                const Bool hasForcedFallback =
+                    BuildFallbackProbeFormatInfo(requestedInternalFormat, forcedOptions, true, fallbackInfo);
+                if (!hasForcedFallback) {
+                    BuildFallbackProbeFormatInfo(requestedInternalFormat, driverOptions, false, fallbackInfo);
                }

                for (SizeT targetIndex = 0; targetIndex < kFormatCapabilityTextureTargetCount; ++targetIndex) {
                    const auto target = static_cast<TextureTarget>(targetIndex);
-                    // A multisample texture can only ever be rendered into, so its storage format
-                    // has to stay colour-renderable; the ordinary fallback for a three-channel
-                    // format is a three-channel one, which ES accepts as a texture but rejects as
-                    // multisample storage. Recompute the fallback per target so those formats get
-                    // widened here and nowhere else.
-                    Flags<PixelFormatNormalizeOptionBit> targetOptions;
-                    if (IsGLESProbeMultisampleTarget(target)) {
-                        targetOptions |= PixelFormatNormalizeOptionBit::NoThreeChannelRenderTarget;
-                        if (!capabilities.SupportsRenderSnorm || !capabilities.SupportsNorm16Texture) {
-                            targetOptions |= PixelFormatNormalizeOptionBit::NoSnorm16RenderTarget;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    GLESProbeFormatInfo fallbackInfo = outerFallbackInfo;
-                    Bool hasForcedFallback = outerHasForcedFallback;
-                    if (targetOptions) {
-                        hasForcedFallback = BuildFallbackProbeFormatInfo(
-                            requestedInternalFormat, forcedOptions | targetOptions, true, fallbackInfo);
-                        if (!hasForcedFallback) {
-                            BuildFallbackProbeFormatInfo(requestedInternalFormat, driverOptions | targetOptions,
-                                                         false, fallbackInfo);
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    // 1D, 1D-array and rectangle textures live on an ES target (see
-                    // TextureImpl::MapToBackendTextureTarget), so they have to be probed there too -
-                    // probing the desktop-only target itself always failed, which left those slots
-                    // of the cache empty and stopped any fallback format from being selected for
-                    // them (a GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT32 1D texture then got no storage at all).
-                    const TextureTarget probeTarget = TextureImpl::MapToBackendTextureTarget(target);
-
                    Bool shouldProbeFallback = hasForcedFallback;
                    if (!hasForcedFallback) {
                        Bool nativeRenderable = false;
                        const Bool nativeCreated =
-                            ProbeTexture(gl, probeTarget, nativeInfo.InternalFormat, nativeInfo.ImageFormat,
+                            ProbeTexture(gl, target, nativeInfo.InternalFormat, nativeInfo.ImageFormat,
                                         nativeInfo.ImageType, logicalFormat, &nativeRenderable);
                        if (nativeCreated) {
                            AddFullFormatCaps(cache, targetIndex, formatIndex,
@@ -620,7 +547,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                    if (shouldProbeFallback && fallbackInfo.InternalFormat != GL_UNKNOWN_MGL) {
                        Bool fallbackRenderable = false;
                        const Bool fallbackCreated =
-                            ProbeTexture(gl, probeTarget, fallbackInfo.InternalFormat, fallbackInfo.ImageFormat,
+                            ProbeTexture(gl, target, fallbackInfo.InternalFormat, fallbackInfo.ImageFormat,
                                         fallbackInfo.ImageType, logicalFormat, &fallbackRenderable);
                        if (fallbackCreated) {
                            if (AddCaveatFormatCaps(cache, targetIndex, formatIndex,
@@ -636,8 +563,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                }

                const SizeT renderbufferTargetIndex = GetRenderbufferFormatCapabilityTargetIndex();
-                Bool shouldProbeFallbackRenderbuffer = outerHasForcedFallback;
-                if (!outerHasForcedFallback) {
+                Bool shouldProbeFallbackRenderbuffer = hasForcedFallback;
+                if (!hasForcedFallback) {
                    const Bool nativeRenderbufferComplete =
                        ProbeRenderbuffer(gl, nativeInfo.InternalFormat, logicalFormat, false, 1);
                    if (nativeRenderbufferComplete) {
@@ -651,16 +578,16 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                        shouldProbeFallbackRenderbuffer = true;
                    }
                }
-                if (shouldProbeFallbackRenderbuffer && outerFallbackInfo.InternalFormat != GL_UNKNOWN_MGL &&
-                    ProbeRenderbuffer(gl, outerFallbackInfo.InternalFormat, logicalFormat, false, 1)) {
+                if (shouldProbeFallbackRenderbuffer && fallbackInfo.InternalFormat != GL_UNKNOWN_MGL &&
+                    ProbeRenderbuffer(gl, fallbackInfo.InternalFormat, logicalFormat, false, 1)) {
                    if (AddCaveatFormatCaps(cache, renderbufferTargetIndex, formatIndex,
                                            GetRenderbufferFeatureCaps(logicalFormat))) {
-                        LogGLESFormatCaveat(logicalFormat, renderbufferTargetIndex, outerFallbackInfo);
+                        LogGLESFormatCaveat(logicalFormat, renderbufferTargetIndex, fallbackInfo);
                    }
                    const Int maxSamples =
-                        GetGLESFormatMaxSamples(capabilities, logicalFormat, outerFallbackInfo.ImageFormat);
+                        GetGLESFormatMaxSamples(capabilities, logicalFormat, fallbackInfo.ImageFormat);
                    cache.SampleCounts[renderbufferTargetIndex][formatIndex] =
-                        ProbeRenderbufferSampleCounts(gl, outerFallbackInfo.InternalFormat, logicalFormat, maxSamples);
+                        ProbeRenderbufferSampleCounts(gl, fallbackInfo.InternalFormat, logicalFormat, maxSamples);
                }
            }
        }
@@ -676,11 +603,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                .ExtraVendor = Nullopt,              // Extra vendor
                .RendererGLInfo =
                    {
-                        .TargetGLVersion = {3, 3, 0},   // GL target version
+                        .TargetGLVersion = {3, 3, 0},   // Target OpenGL Version
                        .TargetGLSLVersion = {4, 6, 0}, // Target Shading Language Version
-                        // Baseline advertisement (no timer queries / anisotropy yet); reconciled
-                        // once the ES capabilities exist, see UpdateAdvertisedCapabilityExtensions.
-                        .Extensions = BuildAdvertisedExtensions(false, false),
+                        // Baseline advertisement (no timer queries yet); reconciled once
+                        // the ES capabilities exist, see UpdateAdvertisedTimerQueryExtension.
+                        .Extensions = BuildAdvertisedExtensions(false),
                        .IsCompatibilityProfile = false // Is Compatibility Profile
                    },
                .StaticBackendCapability = {.AllowVSOnlyPrograms = false} // Backend Capability
@@ -700,9 +627,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        // thread can only observe the extension string after the
        // advertisement for its context has settled; rebuilding the whole
        // list keeps the re-run after a context recreation idempotent.
-        void UpdateAdvertisedCapabilityExtensions(Bool anisotropicFilteringSupported) {
-            MutableRendererInfo().RendererGLInfo.Extensions =
-                BuildAdvertisedExtensions(AreTimerQueriesSupported(), anisotropicFilteringSupported);
+        void UpdateAdvertisedTimerQueryExtension() {
+            MutableRendererInfo().RendererGLInfo.Extensions = BuildAdvertisedExtensions(AreTimerQueriesSupported());
        }
    } // namespace

@@ -746,11 +672,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            return false;
        }
        DirectGLES::SetGLESCapabilities(m_GLESCapabilities);
-        // Now that g_GLESCapabilities knows about GL_EXT_disjoint_timer_query and
-        // GL_EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic, reconcile the advertisement (see the comment on
-        // UpdateAdvertisedCapabilityExtensions for why it cannot happen when the extension
-        // list is first built).
-        UpdateAdvertisedCapabilityExtensions(m_GLESCapabilities.SupportsTextureFilterAnisotropy);
+        // Now that g_GLESCapabilities knows about GL_EXT_disjoint_timer_query,
+        // reconcile the E_GL_ARB_timer_query advertisement (see the comment on
+        // UpdateAdvertisedTimerQueryExtension for why it cannot happen when
+        // the extension list is first built).
+        UpdateAdvertisedTimerQueryExtension();
        UpdateDynamicBackendParameters();
        PopulateFormatCapabilities(m_GLESFunctions, m_GLESCapabilities, MutableFormatCapabilities());
        PrintFormatCapabilities(GetFormatCapabilities());
@@ -774,10 +700,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {

        if ((handle.Backend != WindowBackend::Android &&
             handle.Backend != WindowBackend::X11 &&
-             handle.Backend != WindowBackend::MetalLayer &&
-             handle.Backend != WindowBackend::Win32) ||
+             handle.Backend != WindowBackend::MetalLayer) ||
            !handle.Handle) {
-            MGLOG_E("DirectGLES backend only supports Android, X11, CAMetalLayer, and Win32 native windows");
+            MGLOG_E("DirectGLES backend only supports Android, X11, and CAMetalLayer native windows");
            return false;
        }

@@ -893,23 +818,17 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        return MutableRendererInfo();
    }

-    Vector<GLExtension> BuildAdvertisedExtensions(Bool timerQueriesSupported, Bool anisotropicFilteringSupported) {
+    Vector<GLExtension> BuildAdvertisedExtensions(Bool timerQueriesSupported) {
        Vector<GLExtension> extensions = {V_OpenGL30, V_OpenGL31, V_OpenGL32,
                                          V_OpenGL33, E_GL_ARB_draw_buffers_blend, E_GL_ARB_compute_shader,
                                          E_GL_ARB_shader_storage_buffer_object, E_GL_ARB_shader_image_load_store,
                                          E_GL_ARB_program_interface_query, E_GL_ARB_framebuffer_object,
                                          E_GL_EXT_framebuffer_object, E_GL_ARB_depth_texture, E_GL_ARB_buffer_storage,
                                          E_GL_ARB_texture_storage, E_GL_ARB_texture_storage_multisample,
-                                          E_GL_ARB_clear_texture, E_GL_ARB_direct_state_access,
+                                          E_GL_ARB_direct_state_access,
                                          E_GL_ARB_multi_draw_indirect, E_GL_ARB_indirect_parameters,
                                          E_GL_ARB_shader_draw_parameters, E_GL_ARB_gpu_shader5, E_GL_ARB_multi_bind,
                                          E_GL_ARB_shading_language_420pack, E_GL_ARB_vertex_attrib_binding,
-                                          // Both are core from GL 3.2/3.3 on and implemented here for
-                                          // every advertised version, but an app targeting 3.0/3.1
-                                          // only reaches them through the extension string - the CTS
-                                          // picks a whole different shader for draw_buffers without
-                                          // explicit_attrib_location. DirectVulkan advertises both.
-                                          E_GL_ARB_explicit_attrib_location, E_GL_ARB_texture_multisample,
                                          E_GL_ARB_shader_image_size};
        // Only advertised when the device driver actually has usable timer queries
        // (GL_EXT_disjoint_timer_query plus its entry points) and the
@@ -917,14 +836,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        if (timerQueriesSupported && !MG_Config::Features.DisableTimerQuery) {
            extensions.push_back(E_GL_ARB_timer_query);
        }
-        // Only advertised when the host ES driver actually filters anisotropically: the sampler
-        // state is accepted regardless, but forwarding it would be a no-op without the extension,
-        // and an app that trusts the string (LWJGL builds GLCapabilities from it) would silently
-        // get plain trilinear.
-        if (anisotropicFilteringSupported) {
-            extensions.push_back(E_GL_EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic);
-            extensions.push_back(E_GL_ARB_texture_filter_anisotropic);
-        }
        return extensions;
    }

@@ -1013,25 +924,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                funcsTable.GL.BeginTimeElapsedQuery = BeginTimeElapsedQuery;
                funcsTable.GL.EndTimeElapsedQuery = EndTimeElapsedQuery;
                funcsTable.GL.QueryCounterTimestamp = QueryCounterTimestamp;
+                funcsTable.GL.IsQueryResultAvailable = IsQueryResultAvailable;
+                funcsTable.GL.GetQueryResult64 = GetQueryResult64;
+                funcsTable.GL.DeleteBackendQuery = DeleteBackendQuery;
                funcsTable.GL.GetGpuTimestampNs = GetGpuTimestampNs;
            }
-            // Occlusion queries are core ES3 (independent of MOBILEGL_DISABLE_TIMERQUERY)
-            // and share the handle-based result/delete entries, which must exist even
-            // when the timer-query group above is disabled.
-            funcsTable.GL.BeginOcclusionQuery = BeginOcclusionQuery;
-            funcsTable.GL.EndOcclusionQuery = EndOcclusionQuery;
-            // Real driver primitive counters: the frontend's CPU accounting cannot see a
-            // geometry shader's amplification.
-            funcsTable.GL.BeginXfbPrimitivesQuery = BeginXfbPrimitivesQuery;
-            funcsTable.GL.EndXfbPrimitivesQuery = EndXfbPrimitivesQuery;
-            funcsTable.GL.IsQueryResultAvailable = IsQueryResultAvailable;
-            funcsTable.GL.GetQueryResult64 = GetQueryResult64;
-            funcsTable.GL.DeleteBackendQuery = DeleteBackendQuery;
-            // Transform feedback is captured by the real ES driver rather than
-            // reconstructed from the draw recording, so the frontend has to hand the
-            // span boundaries over.
-            funcsTable.GL.BeginTransformFeedback = XfbImpl::BeginTransformFeedback;
-            funcsTable.GL.EndTransformFeedback = XfbImpl::EndTransformFeedback;
            funcsTableInitialized = true;
        }
        return funcsTable;
@@ -1041,15 +938,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        return m_dynamicParameters;
    }

-    void BackendObject_DirectGLES::ApplyGLESCapabilitiesForTesting(
-        const MG_External::GLESCapabilities& capabilities) {
-        m_GLESCapabilities = capabilities;
-        UpdateDynamicBackendParameters();
-    }
-
    void BackendObject_DirectGLES::UpdateDynamicBackendParameters() {
        m_dynamicParameters.UniformBufferOffsetAlignment = m_GLESCapabilities.UniformBufferOffsetAlignment;
-        m_dynamicParameters.MaxTextureMaxAnisotropy = m_GLESCapabilities.MaxTextureMaxAnisotropy;
        m_dynamicParameters.AliasedLineWidthRangeMin = m_GLESCapabilities.AliasedLineWidthRangeMin;
        m_dynamicParameters.AliasedLineWidthRangeMax = m_GLESCapabilities.AliasedLineWidthRangeMax;
        m_dynamicParameters.SmoothLineWidthRangeMin = m_GLESCapabilities.SmoothLineWidthRangeMin;
@@ -1103,23 +993,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        m_dynamicParameters.MaxUniformBlockSize = m_GLESCapabilities.MaxUniformBlockSize;
        const Int maxSupportedTextureUnits =
            static_cast<Int>(MG_State::GLState::TextureState::MAX_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS);
-        m_dynamicParameters.MaxImageUnits =
-            std::max(std::min(m_GLESCapabilities.MaxImageUnits, maxSupportedTextureUnits), 0);
-        m_dynamicParameters.MaxCombinedImageUniforms = std::max(m_GLESCapabilities.MaxCombinedImageUniforms, 0);
-        const auto clampStageImageUniforms = [this](Int stageLimit) {
-            return std::min({std::max(stageLimit, 0), m_dynamicParameters.MaxImageUnits,
-                             m_dynamicParameters.MaxCombinedImageUniforms});
-        };
-        m_dynamicParameters.MaxVertexImageUniforms =
-            clampStageImageUniforms(m_GLESCapabilities.MaxVertexImageUniforms);
-        m_dynamicParameters.MaxGeometryImageUniforms =
-            clampStageImageUniforms(m_GLESCapabilities.MaxGeometryImageUniforms);
-        m_dynamicParameters.MaxFragmentImageUniforms =
-            clampStageImageUniforms(m_GLESCapabilities.MaxFragmentImageUniforms);
-        m_dynamicParameters.MaxComputeImageUniforms =
-            clampStageImageUniforms(m_GLESCapabilities.MaxComputeImageUniforms);
-        m_dynamicParameters.SupportsDistinctDepthStencilAttachments =
-            ProbeDistinctDepthStencilAttachments(DirectGLES::g_GLESFuncs);
+        m_dynamicParameters.MaxImageUnits = std::min(m_GLESCapabilities.MaxImageUnits, maxSupportedTextureUnits);
+        m_dynamicParameters.MaxCombinedImageUniforms = m_GLESCapabilities.MaxCombinedImageUniforms;
+        m_dynamicParameters.MaxComputeImageUniforms = m_GLESCapabilities.MaxComputeImageUniforms;
        m_dynamicParameters.MaxDrawBuffers = m_GLESCapabilities.MaxDrawBuffers;
        m_dynamicParameters.MaxColorAttachments = m_GLESCapabilities.MaxColorAttachments;
        m_dynamicParameters.MaxClipDistances = m_GLESCapabilities.MaxClipDistances;
@@ -1129,52 +1005,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        m_dynamicParameters.ViewportBoundsRangeMin = m_GLESCapabilities.ViewportBoundsRangeMin;
        m_dynamicParameters.ViewportBoundsRangeMax = m_GLESCapabilities.ViewportBoundsRangeMax;
        m_dynamicParameters.ViewportSubpixelBits = m_GLESCapabilities.ViewportSubpixelBits;
-        m_dynamicParameters.MinFragmentInterpolationOffset =
-            std::isfinite(m_GLESCapabilities.MinFragmentInterpolationOffset) &&
-                    m_GLESCapabilities.MinFragmentInterpolationOffset <= -0.5f
-                ? m_GLESCapabilities.MinFragmentInterpolationOffset
-                : -0.5f;
-        m_dynamicParameters.MaxFragmentInterpolationOffset = 0.4375f;
-        m_dynamicParameters.FragmentInterpolationOffsetBits = 4;
-        if (m_GLESCapabilities.FragmentInterpolationOffsetBits >= 4 &&
-            std::isfinite(m_GLESCapabilities.MaxFragmentInterpolationOffset)) {
-            const Float requiredMaxOffset =
-                0.5f - std::ldexp(1.0f, -m_GLESCapabilities.FragmentInterpolationOffsetBits);
-            if (m_GLESCapabilities.MaxFragmentInterpolationOffset >= requiredMaxOffset) {
-                m_dynamicParameters.MaxFragmentInterpolationOffset =
-                    m_GLESCapabilities.MaxFragmentInterpolationOffset;
-                m_dynamicParameters.FragmentInterpolationOffsetBits =
-                    m_GLESCapabilities.FragmentInterpolationOffsetBits;
-            }
-        }
        m_dynamicParameters.SupportsWideLines =
            m_GLESCapabilities.AliasedLineWidthRangeMax > 1.0f || m_GLESCapabilities.SmoothLineWidthRangeMax > 1.0f;
-
-        const auto containsAny = [](const String& haystack, std::initializer_list<const char*> needles) {
-            return std::any_of(needles.begin(), needles.end(), [&](const char* needle) {
-                return haystack.find(needle) != String::npos;
-            });
-        };
-        const String vendorAndRenderer =
-            m_GLESCapabilities.GLESVendorString + " " + m_GLESCapabilities.GLESRendererString;
-        if (containsAny(vendorAndRenderer, {"llvmpipe", "SwiftShader", "softpipe"})) {
-            // Check software rasterizers first: ANGLE-on-llvmpipe reports both.
-            m_dynamicParameters.GpuVendor = GpuVendorKind::Software;
-        } else if (containsAny(vendorAndRenderer, {"Qualcomm", "Adreno"})) {
-            m_dynamicParameters.GpuVendor = GpuVendorKind::Qualcomm;
-        } else if (containsAny(vendorAndRenderer, {"Mali", "ARM"})) {
-            m_dynamicParameters.GpuVendor = GpuVendorKind::Arm;
-        } else if (containsAny(vendorAndRenderer, {"NVIDIA"})) {
-            m_dynamicParameters.GpuVendor = GpuVendorKind::Nvidia;
-        } else if (containsAny(vendorAndRenderer, {"AMD", "Radeon"})) {
-            m_dynamicParameters.GpuVendor = GpuVendorKind::Amd;
-        } else if (containsAny(vendorAndRenderer, {"Intel"})) {
-            m_dynamicParameters.GpuVendor = GpuVendorKind::Intel;
-        } else if (containsAny(vendorAndRenderer, {"Imagination", "PowerVR"})) {
-            m_dynamicParameters.GpuVendor = GpuVendorKind::ImgTec;
-        } else {
-            m_dynamicParameters.GpuVendor = GpuVendorKind::Unknown;
-        }
    }

    const MG_External::GLESFunctionsTable& BackendObject_DirectGLES::GetGLESFunctions() const {
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {

        const MG_External::GLESFunctionsTable& GetGLESFunctions() const;
        const MG_External::EGLFunctionsTable& GetEGLFunctions() const;
-        void ApplyGLESCapabilitiesForTesting(const MG_External::GLESCapabilities& capabilities);

    private:
        void UpdateDynamicBackendParameters();
@@ -67,9 +66,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
    const RendererInfo& GetRendererIdentity();

    // The full OpenGL extension list Espryt advertises (glGetString(GL_EXTENSIONS))
-    // for a device whose timer queries / anisotropic filtering are (or are not) usable.
-    // The MOBILEGL_DISABLE_TIMERQUERY escape hatch is applied inside.
-    Vector<GLExtension> BuildAdvertisedExtensions(Bool timerQueriesSupported, Bool anisotropicFilteringSupported);
+    // for a device whose timer queries are (or are not) usable. The
+    // MOBILEGL_DISABLE_TIMERQUERY escape hatch is applied inside.
+    Vector<GLExtension> BuildAdvertisedExtensions(Bool timerQueriesSupported);

    // Format: <OpenGL ES Renderer>, OpenGL ES <Major>.<Minor> — the exact string an
    // initialized backend returns from GetBackendAPIVersionString (and that ends up
@@ -19,10 +19,6 @@
    operation Utils::CheckGLESError();

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
-    // Re-establishes the frontend texture-unit bindings on the native ES context.
-    // Content uploads use scratch bindings, so draws and dispatches call this after
-    // texture synchronization.
-    void BindCurrentTextures();
    void ClearBufferfi(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, GLfloat depth, GLint stencil);
    void ClearBufferfv(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLfloat* value);
    void ClearBufferuiv(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLuint* value);
@@ -130,16 +126,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
    BackendQueryHandle BeginTimeElapsedQuery();
    void EndTimeElapsedQuery(BackendQueryHandle query);
    BackendQueryHandle QueryCounterTimestamp();
-    // GL_ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED(_CONSERVATIVE) occlusion queries: core ES3, independent of
-    // GL_EXT_disjoint_timer_query and of MOBILEGL_DISABLE_TIMERQUERY. Results/deletion
-    // flow through GetQueryResult64/DeleteBackendQuery like the timer queries above.
-    BackendQueryHandle BeginOcclusionQuery();
-    void EndOcclusionQuery(BackendQueryHandle query);
-    // GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_PRIMITIVES_WRITTEN / GL_PRIMITIVES_GENERATED, also core ES
-    // (GL_PRIMITIVES_GENERATED from ES 3.2 on). Null when the target is unavailable, in
-    // which case the frontend falls back to counting primitives from the draw calls.
-    BackendQueryHandle BeginXfbPrimitivesQuery(Bool generated);
-    void EndXfbPrimitivesQuery(BackendQueryHandle query);
    Bool IsQueryResultAvailable(BackendQueryHandle query);
    // Returns true when a final value landed in *outNanoseconds (a zero for
    // null or stale-generation handles IS final: the frontend may cache it
@@ -164,18 +150,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
    void SetGLESCapabilities(const MG_External::GLESCapabilities& capabilities);
    void DestroyEGLContext();

-    // Transform feedback capture spans, performed by the real ES driver. The
-    // capture set is declared on the backend program at link time; the driver-side
-    // begin is deferred to the first draw of the span (ES needs the capturing
-    // program current and the capture buffers bound), and the end also mirrors the
-    // captured bytes back into the frontend buffer shadows.
-    namespace XfbImpl {
-        Bool AreTransformFeedbacksSupported();
-        void BeginTransformFeedback(GLenum primitiveMode);
-        void EndTransformFeedback();
-        void OnBackendContextDestroyed();
-    } // namespace XfbImpl
-
    extern MG_External::EGLFunctionsTable g_EGLFuncs;
    extern MG_External::GLESFunctionsTable g_GLESFuncs;
    extern MG_External::GLESCapabilities g_GLESCapabilities;
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 #include "MG_State/GLState/TextureState/TextureEnum.h"
 #include <MG_State/GLState/TextureState/TextureObject.h>
 #include <MG_State/GLState/Core.h>
-#include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToGL/TextureEnumConverter.h>

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
    String EmulateBaseInstanceInVertexShader(String source, GLenum shaderType);
@@ -178,21 +177,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        // glBindBuffer with a redundant-bind cache for GL_ARRAY_BUFFER.
        void BindBufferId(GLenum target, Uint id);
        void InvalidateArrayBufferBindingCache();
-        // Redundant-bind caches for the driver-level GL_PIXEL_PACK/UNPACK_BUFFER
-        // bindings. Every backend readback (glReadPixels / pack-PBO map) and pixel
-        // upload site routes its binding through these so the shadow always matches
-        // the driver; the resting state between operations is 0, which keeps any
-        // path that implicitly assumes "no PBO bound" correct. Scrubbed when a
-        // buffer id is deleted/pooled (GL resets a deleted buffer's bindings to 0,
-        // and a recycled name matching the shadow would false-skip the rebind) and
-        // invalidated on MakeCurrent (context may reset).
-        void BindPixelPackBufferId(Uint id);
-        void BindPixelUnpackBufferId(Uint id);
-        void InvalidatePixelBufferBindingCaches();
-        // A GL buffer id is being deleted by code outside BufferImpl (e.g. the VAO
-        // client-attribute staging buffers): scrub every buffer-binding shadow that
-        // could false-skip when the name is recycled.
-        void NoteBufferIdDeleted(Uint id);
        // Redundant-bind cache for INDEXED buffer bindings (glBindBufferBase/Range on
        // GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER / GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER): skips the GL call when the
        // (id, range) already at that index matches, like the array-buffer/texture/
@@ -270,54 +254,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {

    namespace TextureImpl {
        inline Bool IsSupportedTextureTarget(TextureTarget target) {
-            // Every desktop-only target is stored on an ES one; see MapToBackendTextureTarget.
-            (void)target;
+            if (target == TextureTarget::Texture1D || target == TextureTarget::TextureRectangle ||
+                target == TextureTarget::Texture1DArray || target == TextureTarget::Texture2DArray)
+                return false;
            return true;
        }

-        // ES has none of the desktop-only targets: 1D textures are stored as 2D (height 1), 1D
-        // arrays as 2D arrays (height 1, layers in depth), and rectangle textures as plain 2D -
-        // they are single-level and already clamp, so only the non-normalized coordinates differ.
-        // Must match the shader-side emulation: SPIRV-Cross handles 1D/1D-array itself, and
-        // ShaderCompiler::LowerRectImagesForEssl rewrites rectangle images (declining any module
-        // whose lookups are not integer-coordinate, which SPIRV-Cross then still rejects).
-        inline TextureTarget MapToBackendTextureTarget(TextureTarget target) {
-            switch (target) {
-            case TextureTarget::Texture1D:
-            case TextureTarget::TextureRectangle:
-                return TextureTarget::Texture2D;
-            case TextureTarget::Texture1DArray:
-                return TextureTarget::Texture2DArray;
-            default:
-                return target;
-            }
-        }
-
-        inline GLenum ConvertTextureTargetToBackendGLEnum(TextureTarget target) {
-            return MG_Util::ConvertTextureTargetToGLEnum(MapToBackendTextureTarget(target));
-        }
-
-        inline GLenum ConvertTextureUploadTargetToBackendGLEnum(TextureUploadTarget uploadTarget) {
-            switch (uploadTarget) {
-            case TextureUploadTarget::Texture1D:
-            case TextureUploadTarget::TextureRectangle:
-                return GL_TEXTURE_2D;
-            case TextureUploadTarget::Texture1DArray:
-                return GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY;
-            default:
-                return MG_Util::ConvertTextureUploadTargetToGLEnum(uploadTarget);
-            }
-        }
-
-        // 1D arrays store layers in the state-side height; the ES 2D-array image keeps height 1 and
-        // moves the layer count into depth.
-        inline IntVec3 GetBackendUploadSize(TextureTarget stateTarget, const IntVec3& texelSize) {
-            if (stateTarget == TextureTarget::Texture1DArray) {
-                return {texelSize.x(), 1, texelSize.y()};
-            }
-            return texelSize;
-        }
-
        inline Bool IsMultisampleTextureTarget(TextureTarget target) {
            return target == TextureTarget::Texture2DMultisample ||
                   target == TextureTarget::Texture2DMultisampleArray;
@@ -351,12 +293,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        class BackendTextureObject {
        public:
            BackendTextureObject();
-            // Deletes the GL texture (frontend glDeleteTextures used to leak every
-            // backend id for the context lifetime) and scrubs the binding/scratch-FBO
-            // shadows so a recycled name or heap address cannot false-skip a rebind.
-            ~BackendTextureObject();
-            BackendTextureObject(const BackendTextureObject&) = delete;
-            BackendTextureObject& operator=(const BackendTextureObject&) = delete;
            void SyncMipmapsToBackend(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& stateTextureObject);
            void SyncBuiltinSamplerToBackend(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& stateTextureObject);
            void SyncTextureParamsToBackend(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& stateTextureObject);
@@ -368,9 +304,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            void RecreateBackendTexture();

            Uint m_backendTextureId = 0;
-            // ES context generation the id was created under; a dtor running after
-            // that context died must not delete a foreign (recycled) name.
-            Uint m_contextGeneration = 0;
            Bool m_isInitialized = false;
            Bool m_imageBindableStorageRequired = false;
            Bool m_backendStorageImmutable = false;
@@ -395,9 +328,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                     MG_State::GLState::TextureState::MAX_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS>
            g_boundTexturesCache;
        extern Uint g_activeTextureUnit;
-        // Bumped when the backend ES context is destroyed; texture ids stamped with
-        // an older generation belong to a dead context and must not be deleted.
-        extern Uint g_textureContextGeneration;
    } // namespace TextureImpl

    namespace FramebufferImpl {
@@ -406,10 +336,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            BackendFramebufferObject();
            void SyncToBackend(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& stateFBOObject,
                               FramebufferTarget asTarget);
-            // Apply only this FBO's read buffer (glReadBuffer) to the backend. Split out so it can
-            // still run when SyncCurrentFBO skips the READ-target sync because the same GL FBO is
-            // bound as both draw and read (otherwise glReadBuffer changes would be silently dropped).
-            void SyncReadBufferToBackend(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& stateFBOObject);
            void InvalidateSyncedState();
            Uint GetBackendFramebufferId() const { return m_backendFBOId; }
            void Bind(FramebufferTarget target) const;
@@ -442,113 +368,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {

        extern StateBackendObjectRegistry<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject, BackendFramebufferObject>
            g_backendFramebufferObjects;
-        // True when the read buffer names a fixed-point (norm/snorm) attachment that the
-        // backend actually stores in a floating-point format. GL clamps a read from a
-        // fixed-point colour buffer to [0,1] (GL_CLAMP_READ_COLOR defaults to
-        // GL_FIXED_ONLY); the substituted float storage would not, so the readback path
-        // has to apply the clamp itself.
-        Bool IsFixedPointFallbackReadAttachment();
-
        extern Array<Uint16, SizeT(FramebufferTarget::FramebufferTargetCount)> g_fboBindVersions;
-        // Tracks the bound FBO's object version (bumped on any attachment/drawbuffer change)
-        // per target: re-attaching textures or changing draw buffers on an already-bound FBO
-        // must re-sync it even when the binding-slot version has not moved.
-        extern Array<Uint16, SizeT(FramebufferTarget::FramebufferTargetCount)> g_fboSyncedObjectVersions;
-        extern Array<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject*, SizeT(FramebufferTarget::FramebufferTargetCount)>
-            g_fboSyncedObjects;
-
-        // Driver-level READ/DRAW framebuffer-binding shadow. Every backend
-        // glBindFramebuffer routes through BindFramebufferId so scoped helpers can
-        // save/restore the current binding without a glGetIntegerv round-trip (that
-        // query forces a driver pipeline sync) and so redundant rebinds no-op.
-        // Starts unknown; the first CurrentFramebufferBinding() query pins it from
-        // the driver once. Invalidated on MakeCurrent (context may reset).
-        // GL_FRAMEBUFFER binds both targets.
-        void BindFramebufferId(GLenum fbTarget, Uint id);
-        Uint CurrentFramebufferBinding(FramebufferTarget target);
-        void InvalidateFramebufferBindingCache();
    } // namespace FramebufferImpl

-    // Shared scratch framebuffers for the readback/copy/blit emulation paths, with a
-    // driver-side attachment shadow: repeated uses skip redundant detach/attach GL
-    // calls, and an attachment left by one use (e.g. a depth copy's DEPTH_STENCIL
-    // texture) is detached exactly when a later use of another aspect would
-    // otherwise inherit it (stale cross-aspect attachments made the shared temp FBO
-    // incomplete and silently degraded later readbacks).
-    namespace ScratchFBOImpl {
-        struct ScratchFramebuffer {
-            Uint id = 0;
-            // false => attachment state unknown; scrub every point on next use.
-            // A fresh FBO starts with nothing attached, so creation sets it true.
-            Bool attachmentsKnown = false;
-            Uint colorTex = 0;
-            GLenum colorTarget = 0;
-            GLint colorLevel = 0;
-            GLint colorLayer = -1; // >= 0 => attached via glFramebufferTextureLayer
-            Uint depthTex = 0;
-            GLenum depthTarget = 0;
-            GLint depthLevel = 0;
-            Bool depthHasStencil = false;
-            // Per-FBO read/draw buffer state (0 = unknown, set on first use).
-            GLenum readBuffer = 0;
-            GLenum drawBuffer = 0;
-        };
-        ScratchFramebuffer& TempFramebuffer();     // GetTexImage READ / CopyTex*Image2D depth DRAW
-        ScratchFramebuffer& BlitReadFramebuffer(); // texture-to-texture blit source
-        ScratchFramebuffer& BlitDrawFramebuffer(); // texture-to-texture blit destination
-        // Returns the GL id, generating it if needed (requires a current ES context).
-        Uint EnsureId(ScratchFramebuffer& fb);
-        // The fb must currently be bound at fbTarget (glReadBuffer/glDrawBuffers
-        // target the READ/DRAW binding respectively). Each Ensure* performs the
-        // minimal detach/attach set and keeps the shadow in sync; a failed attach
-        // records the point as detached so the completeness check fails instead of
-        // silently reading a stale attachment.
-        void EnsureColorAttachment2D(ScratchFramebuffer& fb, GLenum fbTarget, Uint tex, GLenum texTarget, GLint level);
-        void EnsureColorAttachmentLayer(ScratchFramebuffer& fb, GLenum fbTarget, Uint tex, GLint level, GLint layer);
-        void EnsureDepthAttachment2D(ScratchFramebuffer& fb, GLenum fbTarget, Uint tex, GLenum texTarget, GLint level,
-                                     Bool withStencil);
-        void EnsureNoColorAttachment(ScratchFramebuffer& fb, GLenum fbTarget);
-        void EnsureNoDepthAttachment(ScratchFramebuffer& fb, GLenum fbTarget);
-        void EnsureReadBuffer(ScratchFramebuffer& fb, GLenum readBuffer);
-        void EnsureDrawBuffer(ScratchFramebuffer& fb, GLenum drawBuffer);
-        // A 1x1 RGBA8-renderbuffer-complete FBO (GenerateMipmap needs a complete
-        // binding while respecifying texture storage). Attachment is set once at
-        // creation and never changes.
-        Uint EnsureCompleteTinyFramebufferId();
-        // A backend texture id is being deleted or respecified: a scratch FBO still
-        // referencing it would hold a dangling attachment (ES only auto-detaches
-        // from the *bound* framebuffer), and a recycled name could false-skip a
-        // re-attach; force a full scrub on next use.
-        void NoteTextureIdDeleted(Uint textureId);
-        // The ES context (and the scratch FBO ids with it) is going away.
-        void OnBackendContextDestroyed();
-    } // namespace ScratchFBOImpl
-
-    // Driver-level GL_PACK_* pixel-store shadow, the readback-side sibling of the
-    // upload path's ScopedDefaultUnpackState (Managers.cpp): the backend PACK state
-    // is written ONLY through ApplyPackState, so scoped helpers can save/restore it
-    // from the shadow instead of glGetIntegerv (which forces a driver pipeline
-    // sync), and redundant glPixelStorei calls no-op. The first Apply/Current call
-    // pins the driver to the shadow by writing all fields once. Invalidated on
-    // MakeCurrent (context may reset). PACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT/SKIP_IMAGES/SWAP_BYTES/
-    // LSB_FIRST have no ES equivalents; readbacks honor them on the CPU from the
-    // frontend context state instead.
-    namespace PixelStoreImpl {
-        struct PackState {
-            GLint Alignment = 4;
-            GLint RowLength = 0;
-            GLint SkipRows = 0;
-            GLint SkipPixels = 0;
-            Bool operator==(const PackState& o) const {
-                return Alignment == o.Alignment && RowLength == o.RowLength && SkipRows == o.SkipRows &&
-                       SkipPixels == o.SkipPixels;
-            }
-        };
-        void ApplyPackState(const PackState& desired);
-        PackState CurrentPackState();
-        void InvalidatePackStateCache();
-    } // namespace PixelStoreImpl
-
    // Image uniforms take their unit from the layout(binding=N) qualifier baked into
    // the transpiled ESSL; unlike samplers they must not (and in ES cannot) be
    // assigned through glUniform1i.
@@ -587,12 +409,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                Int backendLocation = -1;
                GLenum uniformType = 0;
                Int lastAssignedUnit = -1;
-                // Location of this sampler's emulated GL_TEXTURE_LOD_BIAS uniform
-                // (PrgramImpl::EmulateTextureLodBias), -1 when the shader has none.
-                // lastAssignedLodBias mirrors the value the program currently holds,
-                // so an unbiased shader issues no per-draw glUniform1f at all.
-                Int lodBiasLocation = -1;
-                Float lastAssignedLodBias = 0.0f;
            };

            BackendProgramObjectImpl();
@@ -604,14 +420,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            void SetDrawID(Uint32 drawId) const;
            Int GetIndirectParamsBinding() const { return m_indirectParamsBinding; }
            Uint GetBackendProgramId() const { return m_backendProgramId; }
-            // False when the last SyncToBackend could not produce a usable program (a
-            // shader failed to transpile or compile, or the link itself failed). Use()
-            // must not leave the previously bound program current in that case.
-            Bool IsBackendProgramUsable() const { return m_backendProgramUsable; }
            Uint GetBackendGlobalUBOId() const { return m_backendGlobalUBOId; }
            Uint32 GetSnormFallbackClampOutputMask() const { return m_snormFallbackClampOutputMask; }
            Uint32 GetUnormFallbackClampOutputMask() const { return m_unormFallbackClampOutputMask; }
-            Uint GetFragColorBroadcastCount() const { return m_fragColorBroadcastCount; }

            Bool HasGlobalUboBlock() const { return m_globalUboBackendBlockIndex >= 0; }
            const Vector<Int>& GetUniformBlockBackendIndices() const { return m_uniformBlockBackendIndices; }
@@ -638,11 +449,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            Int m_indirectParamsBinding = -1;
            Uint32 m_snormFallbackClampOutputMask = 0;
            Uint32 m_unormFallbackClampOutputMask = 0;
-            // Draw buffers a legacy gl_FragColor write has to reach (see
-            // PrgramImpl::BroadcastLegacyFragColor); 1 keeps the plain single-output shader.
-            Uint m_fragColorBroadcastCount = 1;
            Bool m_isInitialized = false;
-            Bool m_backendProgramUsable = false;

            Int m_globalUboBackendBlockIndex = -1;
            Int m_globalUboBackendBlockSize = 0;
@@ -655,10 +462,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {

        extern Uint32 g_snormFallbackClampOutputMask;
        extern Uint32 g_unormFallbackClampOutputMask;
-        // Draw buffers the current draw framebuffer enables. Like the clamp masks above it
-        // is framebuffer state that the shader has to be compiled against, so a program
-        // whose snapshot no longer matches is relinked.
-        extern Uint g_fragColorBroadcastCount;
        // Backend id of the last glUseProgram issued through this backend; lets Use()
        // skip redundant rebinds. Reset to 0 wherever glUseProgram(0) is issued or the
        // ES context is recreated.
@@ -18,13 +18,6 @@
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/GLToStr/GLEnumConverter.h>
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToGL/TextureEnumConverter.h>
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToGL/FramebufferEnumConverter.h>
-#include <MG_Util/Math/HalfFloat.h>
-#include <MG_Util/Math/SmallFloat.h>
-
-#include <cmath>
-#include <cctype>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <regex>

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
    namespace {
@@ -48,40 +41,15 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            return options;
        }

-        Flags<PixelFormatNormalizeOptionBit>
-        GetRuntimeFallbackNormalizeOptions(GLenum requestedInternalFormat,
-                                           Flags<PixelFormatNormalizeOptionBit> extraOptions) {
+        Flags<PixelFormatNormalizeOptionBit> GetRuntimeFallbackNormalizeOptions(GLenum requestedInternalFormat) {
            using namespace MG_Util::TextureFormatProcessor;
-            const Flags<PixelFormatNormalizeOptionBit> forcedOptions = GetApplicablePixelFormatNormalizeOptions(
-                requestedInternalFormat, GetForcedPixelFormatNormalizeOptions() | extraOptions);
+            const Flags<PixelFormatNormalizeOptionBit> forcedOptions =
+                GetApplicablePixelFormatNormalizeOptions(requestedInternalFormat, GetForcedPixelFormatNormalizeOptions());
            if (forcedOptions) {
                return forcedOptions;
            }
-            return GetApplicablePixelFormatNormalizeOptions(
-                requestedInternalFormat, GetDriverPixelFormatNormalizeOptions() | extraOptions);
-        }
-
-        // Multisample textures can only ever be rendered into, never uploaded to, so a fallback
-        // format for them has to stay colour-renderable - a three-channel float fallback is a legal
-        // ES texture format but not a legal multisample storage format. Widening to four channels
-        // is safe here precisely because there is no transfer path that would have to expand
-        // three-channel client data, and the alpha the draw writes for a three-channel source is
-        // already the 1.0 the frontend format implies.
-        Bool TargetRequiresRenderableFormat(SizeT targetIndex) {
-            return targetIndex == static_cast<SizeT>(TextureTarget::Texture2DMultisample) ||
-                   targetIndex == static_cast<SizeT>(TextureTarget::Texture2DMultisampleArray);
-        }
-
-        Flags<PixelFormatNormalizeOptionBit> GetRenderTargetNormalizeOptions(SizeT targetIndex) {
-            Flags<PixelFormatNormalizeOptionBit> options;
-            if (!TargetRequiresRenderableFormat(targetIndex)) {
-                return options;
-            }
-            options |= PixelFormatNormalizeOptionBit::NoThreeChannelRenderTarget;
-            if (!g_GLESCapabilities.SupportsRenderSnorm || !g_GLESCapabilities.SupportsNorm16Texture) {
-                options |= PixelFormatNormalizeOptionBit::NoSnorm16RenderTarget;
-            }
-            return options;
+            return GetApplicablePixelFormatNormalizeOptions(requestedInternalFormat,
+                                                            GetDriverPixelFormatNormalizeOptions());
        }

        Bool HasCachedFormatCapability(TextureInternalFormat internalFormat,
@@ -141,8 +109,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            const GLenum requestedInternalFormat = MG_Util::ConvertTextureInternalFormatToGLEnum(internalFormat);
            Flags<PixelFormatNormalizeOptionBit> options;
            if (!pActiveBackendObject || ShouldUseCaveatFormat(internalFormat, targetIndex)) {
-                options = GetRuntimeFallbackNormalizeOptions(requestedInternalFormat,
-                                                             GetRenderTargetNormalizeOptions(targetIndex));
+                options = GetRuntimeFallbackNormalizeOptions(requestedInternalFormat);
            }
            NormalizePixelFormat(requestedInternalFormat, options, outInternalFormat, outFormat, outType);
        }
@@ -177,22 +144,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        Bool ShouldUseCaveatRenderbufferFormat(TextureInternalFormat internalFormat) {
            return ShouldUseCaveatFormat(internalFormat, GetRenderbufferFormatCapabilityTargetIndex());
        }
-
-        Bool BackendTextureFormatAddsAlpha(TextureInternalFormat internalFormat, TextureTarget target) {
-            const SizeT targetIndex =
-                target == TextureTarget::Unknown ? kFormatCapabilityTargetCount : GetFormatCapabilityTargetIndex(target);
-            if (!TargetRequiresRenderableFormat(targetIndex)) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (pActiveBackendObject && !ShouldUseCaveatFormat(internalFormat, targetIndex)) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            const GLenum requestedInternalFormat = MG_Util::ConvertTextureInternalFormatToGLEnum(internalFormat);
-            const Flags<PixelFormatNormalizeOptionBit> options =
-                GetRuntimeFallbackNormalizeOptions(requestedInternalFormat,
-                                                   GetRenderTargetNormalizeOptions(targetIndex));
-            return static_cast<Bool>(options & PixelFormatNormalizeOptionBit::NoThreeChannelRenderTarget);
-        }
    } // namespace TextureImpl
    namespace PrgramImpl {
        String ProcessOutColorLocations(const String& glslCode) {
@@ -321,55 +272,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            return glslCode;
        }

-        String BroadcastLegacyFragColor(String glslCode, GLenum shaderType, Uint drawBufferCount) {
-#ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
-            ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
-#endif
-            // The name is the marker: ShaderSourceProcessor only emits it when the source
-            // wrote gl_FragColor, and such a shader can have no other output.
-            static const char* const kLoweredName = "mg_FragColor";
-            if (shaderType != GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER || drawBufferCount <= 1) {
-                return glslCode;
-            }
-            static const std::regex declRegex(
-                R"(layout\s*\(\s*location\s*=\s*0\s*\)\s*out\s+((?:lowp|mediump|highp)\s+)?vec4\s+mg_FragColor\s*;)");
-            std::smatch declMatch;
-            if (!std::regex_search(glslCode, declMatch, declRegex)) {
-                return glslCode;
-            }
-            const String precision = declMatch[1].matched ? declMatch[1].str() : String();
-
-            String replicaDecls;
-            String replicaCopies;
-            for (Uint location = 1; location < drawBufferCount; ++location) {
-                const String name = String(kLoweredName) + "_" + std::to_string(location);
-                replicaDecls += "\nlayout(location = " + std::to_string(location) + ") out " + precision + "vec4 " +
-                                name + ";";
-                replicaCopies += "\n    " + name + " = " + kLoweredName + ";";
-            }
-
-            static const std::regex mainRegex(R"(void\s+main\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\{)");
-            std::smatch mainMatch;
-            if (!std::regex_search(glslCode, mainMatch, mainRegex)) {
-                return glslCode;
-            }
-            SizeT bracePos = static_cast<SizeT>(mainMatch.position(0) + mainMatch.length(0) - 1);
-            Int depth = 0;
-            for (SizeT pos = bracePos; pos < glslCode.size(); ++pos) {
-                if (glslCode[pos] == '{') {
-                    ++depth;
-                } else if (glslCode[pos] == '}') {
-                    --depth;
-                    if (depth == 0) {
-                        glslCode.insert(pos, replicaCopies + "\n");
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            glslCode.insert(static_cast<SizeT>(declMatch.position(0)) + declMatch[0].str().size(), replicaDecls);
-            return glslCode;
-        }
-
        String ForceFlatIntegerVaryings(const String& glslCode, GLenum shaderType) {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
            ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
@@ -436,166 +338,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            }
            return result;
        }
-
-        namespace {
-            // How a lookup carries its level of detail, and how many arguments it takes
-            // before the optional bias.
-            struct LodLookupForm {
-                const char* name;
-                Int requiredArgs; // arguments before the optional bias (implicit form)
-                Int explicitLodArg; // index of the explicit LOD argument, -1 for implicit
-            };
-
-            // texelFetch* is deliberately absent: an integer fetch names its level directly
-            // and takes no LOD bias. textureGather has no bias either. textureGrad* derives
-            // the LOD from gradients and offers no argument to fold a bias into, so it is
-            // left alone rather than rewritten incorrectly.
-            constexpr LodLookupForm LOD_LOOKUP_FORMS[] = {
-                {"textureProjLodOffset", 0, 2}, {"textureProjOffset", 4, -1}, {"textureProjLod", 0, 2},
-                {"textureLodOffset", 0, 2},     {"textureOffset", 3, -1},     {"textureProj", 2, -1},
-                {"textureLod", 0, 2},           {"texture", 2, -1},
-            };
-
-            // Sampler types with no mip chain, or whose GLSL lookups have no bias overload
-            // at all (the array-shadow forms), so nothing can or should be folded in.
-            Bool IsBiasableSamplerType(const String& samplerType) {
-                if (samplerType.find("MS") != String::npos) return false;      // multisample
-                if (samplerType.find("Buffer") != String::npos) return false;  // texture buffer
-                if (samplerType.find("Rect") != String::npos) return false;    // rectangle: no mips
-                if (samplerType == "sampler2DArrayShadow") return false;
-                if (samplerType == "samplerCubeArrayShadow") return false;
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            Bool IsIdentifierChar(char c) { return std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c == '_'; }
-
-            // Byte offsets of the top-level argument separators and of the closing paren,
-            // starting from the '(' at openParen. Empty when the parentheses do not balance.
-            Vector<SizeT> SplitCallArguments(const String& code, SizeT openParen) {
-                Vector<SizeT> marks;
-                Int depth = 0;
-                for (SizeT i = openParen; i < code.size(); ++i) {
-                    const char c = code[i];
-                    if (c == '(' || c == '[') {
-                        ++depth;
-                    } else if (c == ']') {
-                        --depth;
-                    } else if (c == ')') {
-                        --depth;
-                        if (depth == 0) {
-                            marks.push_back(i);
-                            return marks;
-                        }
-                    } else if (c == ',' && depth == 1) {
-                        marks.push_back(i);
-                    }
-                }
-                return {};
-            }
-        } // namespace
-
-        String EmulateTextureLodBias(const String& glslCode) {
-#ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
-            ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
-#endif
-            if (glslCode.find("sampler") == String::npos || glslCode.find("texture") == String::npos) {
-                return glslCode;
-            }
-
-            // Collect the mip-capable sampler uniforms this shader declares.
-            static const std::regex samplerDeclRegex(
-                R"(uniform\s+(?:(?:highp|mediump|lowp)\s+)?([iu]?sampler[A-Za-z0-9]*)\s+([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*)\s*;)");
-            UnorderedMap<String, String> samplerNames; // name -> bias uniform name
-            for (std::sregex_iterator it(glslCode.begin(), glslCode.end(), samplerDeclRegex), end; it != end; ++it) {
-                const String samplerType = (*it)[1].str();
-                if (!IsBiasableSamplerType(samplerType)) continue;
-                const String name = (*it)[2].str();
-                samplerNames.emplace(name, String(LOD_BIAS_UNIFORM_PREFIX) + name);
-            }
-            if (samplerNames.empty()) {
-                return glslCode;
-            }
-
-            // Rewrite the lookups. Right-to-left so earlier offsets stay valid, and only for
-            // samplers named directly as the first argument (SPIRV-Cross never produces an
-            // expression there for ES output, which has no separate sampler objects).
-            String result = glslCode;
-            Vector<String> usedSamplers;
-            for (SizeT scan = result.size(); scan-- > 0;) {
-                if (result[scan] != 't') continue;
-                if (scan > 0 && IsIdentifierChar(result[scan - 1])) continue;
-
-                const LodLookupForm* form = nullptr;
-                SizeT openParen = 0;
-                for (const auto& candidate : LOD_LOOKUP_FORMS) {
-                    const SizeT nameLength = std::strlen(candidate.name);
-                    if (result.compare(scan, nameLength, candidate.name) != 0) continue;
-                    SizeT after = result.find_first_not_of(" \t", scan + nameLength);
-                    if (after == String::npos || result[after] != '(') continue;
-                    form = &candidate;
-                    openParen = after;
-                    break;
-                }
-                if (form == nullptr) continue;
-
-                const Vector<SizeT> marks = SplitCallArguments(result, openParen);
-                if (marks.empty()) continue;
-                const SizeT argCount = marks.size();
-                const SizeT closeParen = marks.back();
-
-                // First argument must be one of our samplers.
-                const SizeT firstArgStart = result.find_first_not_of(" \t", openParen + 1);
-                SizeT firstArgEnd = marks.front();
-                while (firstArgEnd > firstArgStart && (result[firstArgEnd - 1] == ' ' || result[firstArgEnd - 1] == '\t')) {
-                    --firstArgEnd;
-                }
-                if (firstArgStart == String::npos || firstArgEnd <= firstArgStart) continue;
-                const String samplerName = result.substr(firstArgStart, firstArgEnd - firstArgStart);
-                const auto samplerIt = samplerNames.find(samplerName);
-                if (samplerIt == samplerNames.end()) continue;
-
-                const String& biasName = samplerIt->second;
-                if (form->explicitLodArg >= 0) {
-                    // Explicit LOD: the bias adds to it, as Vulkan does for
-                    // OpImageSampleExplicitLod and as the CTS reference expects.
-                    const SizeT lodIndex = static_cast<SizeT>(form->explicitLodArg);
-                    if (argCount <= lodIndex) continue;
-                    const SizeT lodStart = marks[lodIndex - 1] + 1;
-                    const SizeT lodEnd = marks[lodIndex];
-                    result.insert(lodEnd, String(") + ") + biasName + ")");
-                    result.insert(lodStart, "((");
-                } else {
-                    const SizeT required = static_cast<SizeT>(form->requiredArgs);
-                    if (argCount == required) {
-                        result.insert(closeParen, String(", ") + biasName);
-                    } else if (argCount == required + 1) {
-                        const SizeT biasStart = marks[argCount - 2] + 1;
-                        result.insert(closeParen, String(") + ") + biasName + ")");
-                        result.insert(biasStart, "((");
-                    } else {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                }
-                usedSamplers.push_back(samplerName);
-            }
-            if (usedSamplers.empty()) {
-                return glslCode;
-            }
-
-            // Declare the bias uniforms that were actually referenced, right after the
-            // sampler declaration line they belong to.
-            for (const auto& samplerName : usedSamplers) {
-                const String& biasName = samplerNames[samplerName];
-                if (result.find(String("float ") + biasName + ";") != String::npos) continue;
-                const std::regex declRegex(
-                    R"(uniform\s+(?:(?:highp|mediump|lowp)\s+)?[iu]?sampler[A-Za-z0-9]*\s+)" + samplerName + R"(\s*;)");
-                std::smatch match;
-                if (!std::regex_search(result, match, declRegex)) continue;
-                const SizeT declEnd = static_cast<SizeT>(match.position(0)) + match[0].str().size();
-                result.insert(declEnd, String("\nuniform highp float ") + biasName + ";");
-            }
-            return result;
-        }
    } // namespace PrgramImpl

    namespace Utils {
@@ -706,407 +448,4 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            }
        }
    } // namespace Utils
-
-    // ---- Client-format readback conversion helpers -------------------------------------------------
-    // ReadPixels/GetTexImage read a guaranteed wide RGBA(_INTEGER) layout from the ES driver and repack
-    // it on the CPU into the client's (format, type) layout. Everything here is pure byte shuffling so
-    // unit tests can assert the exact packed words; field positions follow GL 3.3 table 3.6 and mirror
-    // the GL CTS packed_pixels oracle (glcPackedPixelsTests.cpp pack_UNSIGNED_* helpers).
-    namespace ReadbackImpl {
-        using MG_Util::DecodeHalfBitsToFloat;
-        using MG_Util::EncodeFloatToHalfBits;
-
-        Bool GetReadbackChannelMapping(GLenum format, ReadbackChannelMapping& outMapping) {
-            switch (format) {
-            case GL_RED:          outMapping = {{0, 0, 0, 0}, 1, false}; return true;
-            case GL_RED_INTEGER:  outMapping = {{0, 0, 0, 0}, 1, true};  return true;
-            // Desktop-GL single-channel client formats (GL CTS packed_pixels rgba8_format_green/blue):
-            // the destination holds one component sourced from the named channel of the wide RGBA read.
-            // GL_ALPHA is mapped here from the raw enum because the state layer folds it into Red for the
-            // legacy alpha-texture upload hack.
-            case GL_GREEN:         outMapping = {{1, 0, 0, 0}, 1, false}; return true;
-            case GL_GREEN_INTEGER: outMapping = {{1, 0, 0, 0}, 1, true};  return true;
-            case GL_BLUE:          outMapping = {{2, 0, 0, 0}, 1, false}; return true;
-            case GL_BLUE_INTEGER:  outMapping = {{2, 0, 0, 0}, 1, true};  return true;
-            case GL_ALPHA:         outMapping = {{3, 0, 0, 0}, 1, false}; return true;
-            case GL_ALPHA_INTEGER: outMapping = {{3, 0, 0, 0}, 1, true};  return true;
-            case GL_RG:           outMapping = {{0, 1, 0, 0}, 2, false}; return true;
-            case GL_RG_INTEGER:   outMapping = {{0, 1, 0, 0}, 2, true};  return true;
-            case GL_RGB:          outMapping = {{0, 1, 2, 0}, 3, false}; return true;
-            case GL_RGB_INTEGER:  outMapping = {{0, 1, 2, 0}, 3, true};  return true;
-            case GL_BGR:          outMapping = {{2, 1, 0, 0}, 3, false}; return true;
-            case GL_BGR_INTEGER:  outMapping = {{2, 1, 0, 0}, 3, true};  return true;
-            case GL_RGBA:         outMapping = {{0, 1, 2, 3}, 4, false}; return true;
-            case GL_RGBA_INTEGER: outMapping = {{0, 1, 2, 3}, 4, true};  return true;
-            case GL_BGRA:         outMapping = {{2, 1, 0, 3}, 4, false}; return true;
-            case GL_BGRA_INTEGER: outMapping = {{2, 1, 0, 3}, 4, true};  return true;
-            default:
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-
-        Bool GetPackedReadbackLayout(GLenum type, PackedReadbackLayout& out) {
-            switch (type) {
-            // Non-REV types pack the first format component starting at the most significant bit,
-            // *_REV types starting at the least significant bit (GL CTS pack_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5:
-            // R bits 15-11; pack_UNSIGNED_SHORT_1_5_5_5_REV: R bits 4-0, A bit 15).
-            case GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE_3_3_2:          out = {3, {3, 3, 2, 0},    {5, 2, 0, 0},    1, false}; return true;
-            case GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE_2_3_3_REV:      out = {3, {3, 3, 2, 0},    {0, 3, 6, 0},    1, false}; return true;
-            case GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5:         out = {3, {5, 6, 5, 0},    {11, 5, 0, 0},   2, false}; return true;
-            case GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5_REV:     out = {3, {5, 6, 5, 0},    {0, 5, 11, 0},   2, false}; return true;
-            case GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_4_4_4_4:       out = {4, {4, 4, 4, 4},    {12, 8, 4, 0},   2, false}; return true;
-            case GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_4_4_4_4_REV:   out = {4, {4, 4, 4, 4},    {0, 4, 8, 12},   2, false}; return true;
-            case GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_5_5_1:       out = {4, {5, 5, 5, 1},    {11, 6, 1, 0},   2, false}; return true;
-            case GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_1_5_5_5_REV:   out = {4, {5, 5, 5, 1},    {0, 5, 10, 15},  2, false}; return true;
-            case GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8:         out = {4, {8, 8, 8, 8},    {24, 16, 8, 0},  4, false}; return true;
-            case GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8_REV:     out = {4, {8, 8, 8, 8},    {0, 8, 16, 24},  4, false}; return true;
-            case GL_UNSIGNED_INT_10_10_10_2:      out = {4, {10, 10, 10, 2}, {22, 12, 2, 0},  4, false}; return true;
-            case GL_UNSIGNED_INT_2_10_10_10_REV:  out = {4, {10, 10, 10, 2}, {0, 10, 20, 30}, 4, false}; return true;
-            // Packed-float RGB types: fields hold unsigned small floats; 5_9_9_9_REV's shared 5-bit
-            // exponent (bits 31-27) is emitted by EncodeSharedExponentRGB9E5, not a component field.
-            case GL_UNSIGNED_INT_10F_11F_11F_REV: out = {3, {11, 11, 10, 0}, {0, 11, 22, 0},  4, true};  return true;
-            case GL_UNSIGNED_INT_5_9_9_9_REV:     out = {3, {9, 9, 9, 0},    {0, 9, 18, 0},   4, true};  return true;
-            default:
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-
-        SizeT GetReadbackComponentSize(GLenum type) {
-            PackedReadbackLayout packedLayout{};
-            if (GetPackedReadbackLayout(type, packedLayout)) {
-                return packedLayout.byteSize;
-            }
-            switch (type) {
-            case GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE:
-            case GL_BYTE:
-                return 1;
-            case GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT:
-            case GL_SHORT:
-            case GL_HALF_FLOAT:
-                return 2;
-            case GL_UNSIGNED_INT:
-            case GL_INT:
-            case GL_FLOAT:
-                return 4;
-            default:
-                return 0;
-            }
-        }
-
-        SizeT GetReadbackDstPixelSize(const ReadbackChannelMapping& mapping, GLenum type) {
-            PackedReadbackLayout packedLayout{};
-            if (GetPackedReadbackLayout(type, packedLayout)) {
-                if (packedLayout.fieldCount != mapping.channelCount) {
-                    return 0; // 3-field packed types pair with 3-component formats only, 4 with 4
-                }
-                if (mapping.isInteger && packedLayout.isFloatPacked) {
-                    return 0; // packed-float RGB types never pair with integer formats
-                }
-                return packedLayout.byteSize;
-            }
-            if (mapping.isInteger && (type == GL_FLOAT || type == GL_HALF_FLOAT)) {
-                return 0;
-            }
-            const SizeT componentSize = GetReadbackComponentSize(type);
-            return componentSize == 0 ? 0 : static_cast<SizeT>(mapping.channelCount) * componentSize;
-        }
-
-        namespace {
-            void WritePackedReadbackWord(Uint8* dst, Uint32 word, SizeT byteSize) {
-                switch (byteSize) {
-                case 1: {
-                    const auto out = static_cast<Uint8>(word);
-                    Memcpy(dst, &out, sizeof(out));
-                    break;
-                }
-                case 2: {
-                    const auto out = static_cast<Uint16>(word);
-                    Memcpy(dst, &out, sizeof(out));
-                    break;
-                }
-                default:
-                    Memcpy(dst, &word, sizeof(word));
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        } // namespace
-
-        // Shared encoders live in MG_Util/Math/SmallFloat.h so the upload conversion
-        // (PixelStoreProcessor) uses byte-identical packing; kept exported here for unit tests.
-        Uint32 EncodeFloatToUnsignedF11(Float value) { return MG_Util::EncodeFloatToUnsignedF11(value); }
-        Uint32 EncodeFloatToUnsignedF10(Float value) { return MG_Util::EncodeFloatToUnsignedF10(value); }
-        Uint32 EncodeSharedExponentRGB9E5(const Float rgb[3]) { return MG_Util::EncodeSharedExponentRGB9E5(rgb); }
-
-        void ConvertWideReadbackRow(const Uint8* src, Uint8* dst, SizeT width, GLenum wideType,
-                                    const ReadbackChannelMapping& mapping, GLenum type) {
-            PackedReadbackLayout packedLayout{};
-            const Bool isPacked = GetPackedReadbackLayout(type, packedLayout);
-            const SizeT dstComponentSize = GetReadbackComponentSize(type);
-            const SizeT dstPixelBytes = GetReadbackDstPixelSize(mapping, type);
-            const SizeT srcPixelBytes = 4 * GetReadbackComponentSize(wideType);
-
-            for (SizeT col = 0; col < width; ++col) {
-                const Uint8* srcPixel = src + col * srcPixelBytes;
-                Uint8* dstPixel = dst + col * dstPixelBytes;
-                if (mapping.isInteger) {
-                    Int64 srcValues[4];
-                    for (Int c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
-                        srcValues[c] = wideType == GL_INT
-                                           ? static_cast<Int64>(reinterpret_cast<const Int32*>(srcPixel)[c])
-                                           : static_cast<Int64>(reinterpret_cast<const Uint32*>(srcPixel)[c]);
-                    }
-                    if (isPacked) {
-                        // Integer sources clamp each component to the unsigned range of its field
-                        // (GL 3.3 section 4.3.1 final conversion).
-                        Uint32 word = 0;
-                        for (Int ch = 0; ch < packedLayout.fieldCount; ++ch) {
-                            const Int64 fieldMax = (Int64{1} << packedLayout.width[ch]) - 1;
-                            const auto v = static_cast<Uint32>(
-                                std::clamp<Int64>(srcValues[mapping.sourceChannel[ch]], 0, fieldMax));
-                            word |= v << packedLayout.shift[ch];
-                        }
-                        WritePackedReadbackWord(dstPixel, word, packedLayout.byteSize);
-                    } else {
-                        for (Int ch = 0; ch < mapping.channelCount; ++ch) {
-                            const Int64 v = srcValues[mapping.sourceChannel[ch]];
-                            Uint8* dstComponent = dstPixel + static_cast<SizeT>(ch) * dstComponentSize;
-                            switch (type) {
-                            case GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE:
-                                *dstComponent = static_cast<Uint8>(std::clamp<Int64>(v, 0, 255));
-                                break;
-                            case GL_BYTE: {
-                                const auto out = static_cast<Int8>(std::clamp<Int64>(v, -128, 127));
-                                Memcpy(dstComponent, &out, sizeof(out));
-                                break;
-                            }
-                            case GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT: {
-                                const auto out = static_cast<Uint16>(std::clamp<Int64>(v, 0, 65535));
-                                Memcpy(dstComponent, &out, sizeof(out));
-                                break;
-                            }
-                            case GL_SHORT: {
-                                const auto out = static_cast<Int16>(std::clamp<Int64>(v, -32768, 32767));
-                                Memcpy(dstComponent, &out, sizeof(out));
-                                break;
-                            }
-                            case GL_UNSIGNED_INT: {
-                                const auto out = static_cast<Uint32>(std::clamp<Int64>(v, 0, 4294967295LL));
-                                Memcpy(dstComponent, &out, sizeof(out));
-                                break;
-                            }
-                            case GL_INT: {
-                                const auto out =
-                                    static_cast<Int32>(std::clamp<Int64>(v, -2147483648LL, 2147483647LL));
-                                Memcpy(dstComponent, &out, sizeof(out));
-                                break;
-                            }
-                            default:
-                                break;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    Float srcValues[4];
-                    switch (wideType) {
-                    case GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE:
-                        for (Int c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
-                            srcValues[c] = static_cast<Float>(srcPixel[c]) / 255.0f;
-                        }
-                        break;
-                    case GL_BYTE:
-                        for (Int c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
-                            srcValues[c] = std::max(
-                                static_cast<Float>(reinterpret_cast<const Int8*>(srcPixel)[c]) / 127.0f, -1.0f);
-                        }
-                        break;
-                    case GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT:
-                        for (Int c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
-                            srcValues[c] =
-                                static_cast<Float>(reinterpret_cast<const Uint16*>(srcPixel)[c]) / 65535.0f;
-                        }
-                        break;
-                    case GL_SHORT:
-                        for (Int c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
-                            srcValues[c] = std::max(
-                                static_cast<Float>(reinterpret_cast<const Int16*>(srcPixel)[c]) / 32767.0f, -1.0f);
-                        }
-                        break;
-                    case GL_HALF_FLOAT:
-                        for (Int c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
-                            srcValues[c] = DecodeHalfBitsToFloat(reinterpret_cast<const Uint16*>(srcPixel)[c]);
-                        }
-                        break;
-                    default: // GL_FLOAT
-                        for (Int c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
-                            srcValues[c] = reinterpret_cast<const Float*>(srcPixel)[c];
-                        }
-                        break;
-                    }
-                    if (isPacked) {
-                        Uint32 word = 0;
-                        if (packedLayout.isFloatPacked) {
-                            const Float fields[3] = {srcValues[mapping.sourceChannel[0]],
-                                                     srcValues[mapping.sourceChannel[1]],
-                                                     srcValues[mapping.sourceChannel[2]]};
-                            word = type == GL_UNSIGNED_INT_5_9_9_9_REV
-                                       ? EncodeSharedExponentRGB9E5(fields)
-                                       : (EncodeFloatToUnsignedF11(fields[0]) << packedLayout.shift[0]) |
-                                             (EncodeFloatToUnsignedF11(fields[1]) << packedLayout.shift[1]) |
-                                             (EncodeFloatToUnsignedF10(fields[2]) << packedLayout.shift[2]);
-                        } else {
-                            // Normalized encode: round(clamp(v, 0, 1) * (2^bits - 1)) into each field.
-                            for (Int ch = 0; ch < packedLayout.fieldCount; ++ch) {
-                                const auto fieldMax = static_cast<Float>((1u << packedLayout.width[ch]) - 1u);
-                                const auto v = static_cast<Uint32>(std::llround(
-                                    std::clamp(srcValues[mapping.sourceChannel[ch]], 0.0f, 1.0f) * fieldMax));
-                                word |= v << packedLayout.shift[ch];
-                            }
-                        }
-                        WritePackedReadbackWord(dstPixel, word, packedLayout.byteSize);
-                    } else {
-                        for (Int ch = 0; ch < mapping.channelCount; ++ch) {
-                            const Float v = srcValues[mapping.sourceChannel[ch]];
-                            Uint8* dstComponent = dstPixel + static_cast<SizeT>(ch) * dstComponentSize;
-                            switch (type) {
-                            case GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE:
-                                *dstComponent =
-                                    static_cast<Uint8>(std::llround(std::clamp(v, 0.0f, 1.0f) * 255.0));
-                                break;
-                            case GL_BYTE: {
-                                const auto out =
-                                    static_cast<Int8>(std::llround(std::clamp(v, -1.0f, 1.0f) * 127.0));
-                                Memcpy(dstComponent, &out, sizeof(out));
-                                break;
-                            }
-                            case GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT: {
-                                const auto out =
-                                    static_cast<Uint16>(std::llround(std::clamp(v, 0.0f, 1.0f) * 65535.0));
-                                Memcpy(dstComponent, &out, sizeof(out));
-                                break;
-                            }
-                            case GL_SHORT: {
-                                const auto out =
-                                    static_cast<Int16>(std::llround(std::clamp(v, -1.0f, 1.0f) * 32767.0));
-                                Memcpy(dstComponent, &out, sizeof(out));
-                                break;
-                            }
-                            case GL_UNSIGNED_INT: {
-                                const auto out = static_cast<Uint32>(
-                                    std::llround(static_cast<Double>(std::clamp(v, 0.0f, 1.0f)) * 4294967295.0));
-                                Memcpy(dstComponent, &out, sizeof(out));
-                                break;
-                            }
-                            case GL_INT: {
-                                const auto out = static_cast<Int32>(
-                                    std::llround(static_cast<Double>(std::clamp(v, -1.0f, 1.0f)) * 2147483647.0));
-                                Memcpy(dstComponent, &out, sizeof(out));
-                                break;
-                            }
-                            case GL_FLOAT:
-                                Memcpy(dstComponent, &v, sizeof(v));
-                                break;
-                            case GL_HALF_FLOAT: {
-                                const Uint16 out = EncodeFloatToHalfBits(v);
-                                Memcpy(dstComponent, &out, sizeof(out));
-                                break;
-                            }
-                            default:
-                                break;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        static SizeT AlignReadbackRow(SizeT rowBytes, Int alignment) {
-            const SizeT align = alignment > 0 ? static_cast<SizeT>(alignment) : 1;
-            return (rowBytes + align - 1) / align * align;
-        }
-
-    // Repacks wide RGBA(_INTEGER) rows into the client's (format, type) layout, honoring the
-        // client-side PACK parameters and the bound pixel-pack buffer. `wide` holds
-        // `sliceHeight * sliceCount` rows of `width` texels (slice-major, tightly stacked),
-        // 4 components x GetReadbackComponentSize(wideType) bytes each.
-        // applyPackImageParams: GL_PACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT / GL_PACK_SKIP_IMAGES apply only to GetTexImage
-        // of 3D/array images; ReadPixels and 2D GetTexImage ignore them (GL 3.3 sections 4.3.1, 6.1.4).
-        // Per the GL addressing rules, slice k row j lands at
-        // SKIP_IMAGES*imageStride + SKIP_ROWS*rowStride + SKIP_PIXELS*pixelBytes
-        //   + k*imageStride + j*rowStride, with imageStride = max(IMAGE_HEIGHT, sliceHeight)*rowStride.
-        Bool StoreWideRowsToClient(const Uint8* wide, GLenum wideType, GLsizei width, GLsizei sliceHeight,
-                                   GLsizei sliceCount, const ReadbackChannelMapping& mapping, GLenum type,
-                                   void* pixels, Bool applyPackImageParams) {
-        const SizeT dstPixelBytes = GetReadbackDstPixelSize(mapping, type);
-        if (dstPixelBytes == 0) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        PackedReadbackLayout packedLayout{};
-        const Bool isPackedType = GetPackedReadbackLayout(type, packedLayout);
-        const SizeT dstComponentSize = GetReadbackComponentSize(type);
-
-        const auto& pixelPackBufferObject =
-            MG_State::pGLContext->GetBufferBindingSlot(BufferTarget::PixelPack).GetBoundObject();
-
-        // Destination layout is computed from the client-side PACK parameters; only the actual pixel
-        // rows are written so skip regions of the destination stay untouched.
-        const auto packParams = MG_State::pGLContext->GetPixelStoreParameters(false);
-        const SizeT rowPixels = static_cast<SizeT>(packParams.RowLength > 0 ? packParams.RowLength : width);
-        const SizeT dstRowStride = AlignReadbackRow(rowPixels * dstPixelBytes, packParams.Alignment);
-        const SizeT imageRows =
-            applyPackImageParams && packParams.ImageHeight > 0
-                ? static_cast<SizeT>(packParams.ImageHeight)
-                : static_cast<SizeT>(sliceHeight);
-        const SizeT dstImageStride = imageRows * dstRowStride;
-        const SizeT skipImages =
-            applyPackImageParams ? static_cast<SizeT>(std::max(packParams.SkipImages, 0)) : SizeT{0};
-        const SizeT dstSkipOffset = skipImages * dstImageStride +
-                                    static_cast<SizeT>(std::max(packParams.SkipRows, 0)) * dstRowStride +
-                                    static_cast<SizeT>(std::max(packParams.SkipPixels, 0)) * dstPixelBytes;
-        const SizeT dstRowBytes = static_cast<SizeT>(width) * dstPixelBytes;
-
-        const SizeT pboBaseOffset = reinterpret_cast<SizeT>(pixels); // with a PBO, `pixels` is an offset
-        if (pixelPackBufferObject) {
-            const SizeT requiredSize = pboBaseOffset + dstSkipOffset +
-                                    static_cast<SizeT>(sliceCount - 1) * dstImageStride +
-                                    static_cast<SizeT>(sliceHeight - 1) * dstRowStride + dstRowBytes;
-            if (requiredSize > pixelPackBufferObject->GetSize()) {
-                MGLOG_E("Readback conversion: pixel pack buffer is too small");
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-
-        const SizeT srcComponentSize = GetReadbackComponentSize(wideType);
-        const SizeT srcPixelBytes = 4 * srcComponentSize;
-        Vector<Uint8> convertedRow(dstRowBytes);
-
-        for (GLsizei slice = 0; slice < sliceCount; ++slice) {
-            for (GLsizei row = 0; row < sliceHeight; ++row) {
-                const SizeT flatRow = static_cast<SizeT>(slice) * static_cast<SizeT>(sliceHeight) +
-                                   static_cast<SizeT>(row);
-                const Uint8* srcRow = wide + flatRow * static_cast<SizeT>(width) * srcPixelBytes;
-                ConvertWideReadbackRow(srcRow, convertedRow.data(), static_cast<SizeT>(width), wideType,
-                                                  mapping, type);
-
-                if (packParams.SwapBytes) {
-                    const SizeT groupSize = isPackedType ? packedLayout.byteSize : dstComponentSize;
-                    if (groupSize > 1) {
-                        for (SizeT offset = 0; offset + groupSize <= dstRowBytes; offset += groupSize) {
-                            std::reverse(convertedRow.data() + offset, convertedRow.data() + offset + groupSize);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                const SizeT dstOffset = dstSkipOffset + static_cast<SizeT>(slice) * dstImageStride +
-                                     static_cast<SizeT>(row) * dstRowStride;
-                if (pixelPackBufferObject) {
-                    pixelPackBufferObject->WritebackFromBackend({convertedRow.data(), dstRowBytes},
-                                                             pboBaseOffset + dstOffset);
-                } else {
-                    Memcpy(static_cast<Uint8*>(pixels) + dstOffset, convertedRow.data(), dstRowBytes);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-            return true;
-        }
-    } // namespace ReadbackImpl
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES
@@ -40,95 +40,18 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        void GenerateRenderbufferFormatInfo(TextureInternalFormat internalFormat, GLenum* outInternalFormat,
                                            GLenum* outFormat, GLenum* outType);
        Bool ShouldUseCaveatTextureFormat(TextureInternalFormat internalFormat, TextureTarget target);
-
-        // True when the format the texture is actually created with has an alpha channel the
-        // frontend format does not (the three-channel multisample widening). GL reads such a
-        // channel back as 1.0, so any swizzle source of ALPHA has to be answered with ONE.
-        Bool BackendTextureFormatAddsAlpha(TextureInternalFormat internalFormat, TextureTarget target);
        Bool ShouldUseCaveatRenderbufferFormat(TextureInternalFormat internalFormat);
    } // namespace TextureImpl

    namespace FramebufferImpl {} // namespace FramebufferImpl

-    // Pure CPU helpers of the client-format readback conversion (ReadPixels/GetTexImage repack a wide
-    // RGBA(_INTEGER) read into the caller's (format, type) layout). Kept context-free so unit tests can
-    // exercise the exact packing the GL CTS packed_pixels oracle compares against.
-    namespace ReadbackImpl {
-        struct ReadbackChannelMapping {
-            Int sourceChannel[4]; // RGBA source channel feeding each destination component
-            Int channelCount;     // destination component count
-            Bool isInteger;
-        };
-        Bool GetReadbackChannelMapping(GLenum format, ReadbackChannelMapping& outMapping);
-
-        // Byte size of one destination component of `type`; packed types report the packed word size.
-        // 0 = type not supported by the conversion path.
-        SizeT GetReadbackComponentSize(GLenum type);
-
-        // Bit-field layout of a GL packed pixel type. width/shift are indexed in the client format's
-        // component order (matching ReadbackChannelMapping); shift is the LSB position of the field in
-        // the packed word: non-REV types pack the first component from the MSB, *_REV types from the
-        // LSB (GL 3.3 table 3.6; field positions mirror the GL CTS glcPackedPixelsTests pack_* oracle).
-        struct PackedReadbackLayout {
-            Int fieldCount;     // format components stored in the packed word
-            Int width[4];       // bit width of each component's field
-            Int shift[4];       // LSB bit position of each component's field
-            SizeT byteSize;     // packed word size in bytes (1, 2 or 4)
-            Bool isFloatPacked; // 10F_11F_11F_REV / 5_9_9_9_REV: fields hold unsigned small floats
-        };
-        Bool GetPackedReadbackLayout(GLenum type, PackedReadbackLayout& out);
-
-        // Unsigned small-float encoders (EXT_packed_float / EXT_texture_shared_exponent semantics).
-        Uint32 EncodeFloatToUnsignedF11(Float value);
-        Uint32 EncodeFloatToUnsignedF10(Float value);
-        Uint32 EncodeSharedExponentRGB9E5(const Float rgb[3]);
-
-        // Destination bytes per pixel for a (format mapping, type) readback pair; 0 when the pair is
-        // not convertible (unknown type, packed field count != format component count, floating-point
-        // or packed-float type with an integer format).
-        SizeT GetReadbackDstPixelSize(const ReadbackChannelMapping& mapping, GLenum type);
-
-        // Repacks one row of wide RGBA(_INTEGER) texels (4 components of wideType each) into the
-        // client's (format, type) layout. src holds width * 4 * GetReadbackComponentSize(wideType)
-        // bytes, dst receives width * GetReadbackDstPixelSize(mapping, type) bytes.
-        void ConvertWideReadbackRow(const Uint8* src, Uint8* dst, SizeT width, GLenum wideType,
-                                    const ReadbackChannelMapping& mapping, GLenum type);
-
-        // Stores wide RGBA(_INTEGER) rows into the client pointer or the bound PACK pixel buffer,
-        // honoring the client-side PACK pixel-store parameters (row length, alignment, skips,
-        // swap-bytes, and - when applyPackImageParams - image height/skip images). Shared by the
-        // DirectGLES and DirectVulkan readback conversion paths.
-        Bool StoreWideRowsToClient(const Uint8* wide, GLenum wideType, GLsizei width, GLsizei sliceHeight,
-                                   GLsizei sliceCount, const ReadbackChannelMapping& mapping, GLenum type,
-                                   void* pixels, Bool applyPackImageParams);
-    } // namespace ReadbackImpl
-
    namespace PrgramImpl {
        String ProcessOutColorLocations(const String& glslCode);
        String ForceSupporterOutput(const String& glslCode);
        String ClampNormFallbackOutputs(String glslCode, GLenum shaderType, Uint32 snormOutputMask,
                                        Uint32 unormOutputMask);
        String ForceFlatIntegerVaryings(const String& glslCode, GLenum shaderType);
-        // Legacy GLSL's gl_FragColor is broadcast to every enabled draw buffer (GL 4.6
-        // 15.2.3), but ShaderSourceProcessor lowers it to the single output mg_FragColor,
-        // which only ever reaches draw buffer 0. Replicates it across `drawBufferCount`
-        // outputs and copies the value into them at the end of main. A no-op for
-        // drawBufferCount <= 1, i.e. for everything but a framebuffer that actually
-        // enables several draw buffers, so the ordinary single-target shader is untouched.
-        String BroadcastLegacyFragColor(String glslCode, GLenum shaderType, Uint drawBufferCount);
        String RemoveLayoutBinding(const String& glslCode);
-        // Prefix of the per-sampler float uniform that carries GL_TEXTURE_LOD_BIAS into
-        // the shader (see EmulateTextureLodBias); the suffix is the sampler's own name.
-        constexpr const char* LOD_BIAS_UNIFORM_PREFIX = "mg_lodBias_";
-        // ES has no per-texture/sampler LOD bias at all (GL_TEXTURE_LOD_BIAS is desktop
-        // only; Vulkan spells it VkSamplerCreateInfo::mipLodBias), so it has to reach the
-        // shader as a uniform and be folded into every lookup's level of detail. Declares
-        // one `uniform highp float mg_lodBias_<sampler>;` per mip-capable sampler and adds
-        // it to the bias / explicit-LOD argument of every lookup that takes one. Draws push
-        // the bound texture's (or sampler object's) value into it; a shader whose samplers
-        // all have a zero bias is therefore unaffected. Returns the source unchanged when
-        // there is nothing to rewrite.
-        String EmulateTextureLodBias(const String& glslCode);
    } // namespace PrgramImpl

    namespace Utils {
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 #include "MG_Util/Texture/TextureFormatProcessor.h"

 #include <Config.h>
-#include <cmath>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <cstring>

@@ -141,20 +140,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB:
            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB8:
                return TextureInternalFormat::RGBA8;
-            // Legacy low-bit-depth formats with no (or rarely supported) native Vulkan
-            // encoding; a wider normalized fallback keeps at least the required precision.
-            case TextureInternalFormat::R3G3B2:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB4:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB5:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGBA2:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGBA4:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB5A1:
-                return TextureInternalFormat::RGBA8;
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB10:
-                return TextureInternalFormat::RGB10A2;
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB12:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGBA12:
-                return TextureInternalFormat::RGBA16;
            case TextureInternalFormat::SRGB8:
                return TextureInternalFormat::SRGB8Alpha8;
            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB8Snorm:
@@ -412,9 +397,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        }
        if (!handle.Handle || (handle.Backend != WindowBackend::Android &&
                               handle.Backend != WindowBackend::X11 &&
-                               handle.Backend != WindowBackend::MetalLayer &&
-                               handle.Backend != WindowBackend::Win32)) {
-            MGLOG_E("DirectVulkan backend only supports Android, X11, CAMetalLayer, and Win32 native windows");
+                               handle.Backend != WindowBackend::MetalLayer)) {
+            MGLOG_E("DirectVulkan backend only supports Android, X11, and CAMetalLayer native windows");
            return false;
        }

@@ -470,9 +454,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // treat them as signaled/available with zero results from here on.
        BumpRendererGeneration();
        pVulkanRenderer.reset();
-        // The reflection cache is file-scope, not renderer-owned; without this the
-        // deleted programs' reflection strings survive full context teardown.
-        ClearProgramResourceCaches();
        BackendObject::ReleaseEGLResources();
    }

@@ -482,9 +463,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // treat them as signaled/available with zero results from here on.
        BumpRendererGeneration();
        pVulkanRenderer.reset();
-        // The reflection cache is file-scope, not renderer-owned; without this the
-        // deleted programs' reflection strings survive full context teardown.
-        ClearProgramResourceCaches();
    }

    const RendererInfo& BackendObject_DirectVulkan::GetRendererInfo() const {
@@ -510,15 +488,14 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                    .TargetGLSLVersion = {4, 6, 0},
                    // Baseline advertisement (no shader subgroup, no timer queries); a
                    // live backend reconciles its copy in UpdateAdvertisedExtensions.
-                    .Extensions = BuildAdvertisedExtensions(false, false, false),
+                    .Extensions = BuildAdvertisedExtensions(false, false),
                    .IsCompatibilityProfile = false
                },
            .StaticBackendCapability = {.AllowVSOnlyPrograms = false}};
        return rendererInfo;
    }

-    Vector<GLExtension> BuildAdvertisedExtensions(Bool shaderSubgroupSupported, Bool timerQueriesSupported,
-                                                  Bool anisotropicFilteringSupported) {
+    Vector<GLExtension> BuildAdvertisedExtensions(Bool shaderSubgroupSupported, Bool timerQueriesSupported) {
        Vector<GLExtension> extensions = {V_OpenGL30, V_OpenGL31, V_OpenGL32,
                                          V_OpenGL33, E_GL_ARB_draw_buffers_blend, E_GL_ARB_compute_shader,
                                          E_GL_ARB_shader_storage_buffer_object, E_GL_ARB_shader_image_load_store,
@@ -526,11 +503,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                                          E_GL_ARB_multi_draw_indirect, E_GL_ARB_indirect_parameters,
                                          E_GL_EXT_framebuffer_object, E_GL_ARB_depth_texture, E_GL_ARB_buffer_storage,
                                          E_GL_ARB_texture_storage, E_GL_ARB_texture_storage_multisample,
-                                          E_GL_ARB_texture_multisample, E_GL_ARB_clear_texture, E_GL_ARB_direct_state_access,
+                                          E_GL_ARB_direct_state_access,
                                          E_GL_ARB_shader_draw_parameters, E_GL_ARB_gpu_shader_int64, E_GL_KHR_debug,
                                          E_GL_ARB_gpu_shader5, E_GL_ARB_multi_bind, E_GL_ARB_shading_language_420pack,
-                                          E_GL_ARB_vertex_attrib_binding, E_GL_ARB_shader_image_size,
-                                          E_GL_ARB_explicit_attrib_location};
+                                          E_GL_ARB_vertex_attrib_binding, E_GL_ARB_shader_image_size};
        if (shaderSubgroupSupported && !MG_Config::Features.DisableSubgroup) {
            extensions.push_back(E_GL_KHR_shader_subgroup);
        }
@@ -540,13 +516,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        if (timerQueriesSupported && !MG_Config::Features.DisableTimerQuery) {
            extensions.push_back(E_GL_ARB_timer_query);
        }
-        // Only advertised when the samplerAnisotropy device feature was granted: without it the
-        // sampler state is accepted but never applied, and an app trusting the string (LWJGL builds
-        // GLCapabilities from it) would think it enabled anisotropic filtering.
-        if (anisotropicFilteringSupported) {
-            extensions.push_back(E_GL_EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic);
-            extensions.push_back(E_GL_ARB_texture_filter_anisotropic);
-        }
        return extensions;
    }

@@ -636,15 +605,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                funcsTable.GL.DeleteBackendQuery = DeleteBackendQuery;
                funcsTable.GL.GetGpuTimestampNs = GetGpuTimestampNs;
            }
-            // Occlusion queries share the handle-based result/delete entries, which must
-            // exist even when timer queries are disabled.
-            funcsTable.GL.BeginOcclusionQuery = BeginOcclusionQuery;
-            funcsTable.GL.EndOcclusionQuery = EndOcclusionQuery;
-            funcsTable.GL.BeginXfbPrimitivesQuery = BeginXfbPrimitivesQuery;
-            funcsTable.GL.EndXfbPrimitivesQuery = EndXfbPrimitivesQuery;
-            funcsTable.GL.IsQueryResultAvailable = IsQueryResultAvailable;
-            funcsTable.GL.GetQueryResult64 = GetQueryResult64;
-            funcsTable.GL.DeleteBackendQuery = DeleteBackendQuery;
            funcsTableInitialized = true;
        }
        return funcsTable;
@@ -670,8 +630,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // run without a renderer; no timer query is advertised then. Rebuilding
        // the whole list keeps re-runs idempotent.
        m_rendererInfo.RendererGLInfo.Extensions = BuildAdvertisedExtensions(
-            m_vulkanCaps.SupportsShaderSubgroup, pVulkanRenderer && pVulkanRenderer->IsTimerQuerySupported(),
-            pVulkanRenderer && pVulkanRenderer->IsSamplerAnisotropySupported());
+            m_vulkanCaps.SupportsShaderSubgroup, pVulkanRenderer && pVulkanRenderer->IsTimerQuerySupported());
    }

    void BackendObject_DirectVulkan::UpdateDynamicBackendParameters() {
@@ -721,11 +680,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        m_dynamicParameters.UniformBufferOffsetAlignment = m_vulkanCaps.UniformBufferOffsetAlignment;
        m_dynamicParameters.AliasedLineWidthRangeMin = m_vulkanCaps.AliasedLineWidthRangeMin;
        m_dynamicParameters.AliasedLineWidthRangeMax = m_vulkanCaps.AliasedLineWidthRangeMax;
-        // Without the samplerAnisotropy feature the limit is unusable, so report 1.0 (no anisotropy)
-        // rather than a maximum the sampler manager will never apply.
-        m_dynamicParameters.MaxTextureMaxAnisotropy =
-            (pVulkanRenderer && pVulkanRenderer->IsSamplerAnisotropySupported()) ? m_vulkanCaps.MaxSamplerAnisotropy
-                                                                                : 1.0f;
        m_dynamicParameters.SmoothLineWidthRangeMin = m_vulkanCaps.SmoothLineWidthRangeMin;
        m_dynamicParameters.SmoothLineWidthRangeMax = m_vulkanCaps.SmoothLineWidthRangeMax;
        m_dynamicParameters.SmoothLineWidthGranularity = m_vulkanCaps.SmoothLineWidthGranularity;
@@ -778,24 +732,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        m_dynamicParameters.MaxTextureBufferSize = m_vulkanCaps.MaxTextureBufferSize;
        m_dynamicParameters.MaxUniformBufferBindings = m_vulkanCaps.MaxUniformBufferBindings;
        m_dynamicParameters.MaxUniformBlockSize = m_vulkanCaps.MaxUniformBlockSize;
-        m_dynamicParameters.MaxImageUnits =
-            std::max(std::min(m_vulkanCaps.MaxImageUnits, maxSupportedTextureUnits), 0);
-        m_dynamicParameters.MaxCombinedImageUniforms = std::max(m_vulkanCaps.MaxCombinedImageUniforms, 0);
-        const Int maxPerStageImageUniforms =
-            std::min(m_dynamicParameters.MaxImageUnits, m_dynamicParameters.MaxCombinedImageUniforms);
-        // Vulkan uses one descriptor limit for every stage, but non-compute stores/atomics are
-        // optional device features. VulkanRenderer enables each feature whenever the physical
-        // device reports it, so these are the exact limits the logical device can compile and run.
-        m_dynamicParameters.MaxVertexImageUniforms =
-            m_vulkanCaps.SupportsVertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics ? maxPerStageImageUniforms : 0;
-        m_dynamicParameters.MaxGeometryImageUniforms =
-            m_vulkanCaps.SupportsVertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics && m_vulkanCaps.SupportsGeometryShader
-                ? maxPerStageImageUniforms
-                : 0;
-        m_dynamicParameters.MaxFragmentImageUniforms =
-            m_vulkanCaps.SupportsFragmentStoresAndAtomics ? maxPerStageImageUniforms : 0;
-        m_dynamicParameters.MaxComputeImageUniforms =
-            std::min(std::max(m_vulkanCaps.MaxComputeImageUniforms, 0), maxPerStageImageUniforms);
+        m_dynamicParameters.MaxImageUnits = std::min(m_vulkanCaps.MaxImageUnits, maxSupportedTextureUnits);
+        m_dynamicParameters.MaxCombinedImageUniforms = m_vulkanCaps.MaxCombinedImageUniforms;
+        m_dynamicParameters.MaxComputeImageUniforms = m_vulkanCaps.MaxComputeImageUniforms;
        const Int maxSupportedDrawBuffers =
            static_cast<Int>(MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject::MAX_DRAW_BUFFERS);
        m_dynamicParameters.MaxDrawBuffers = std::min(m_vulkanCaps.MaxDrawBuffers, maxSupportedDrawBuffers);
@@ -807,23 +746,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        m_dynamicParameters.ViewportBoundsRangeMin = m_vulkanCaps.ViewportBoundsRangeMin;
        m_dynamicParameters.ViewportBoundsRangeMax = m_vulkanCaps.ViewportBoundsRangeMax;
        m_dynamicParameters.ViewportSubpixelBits = m_vulkanCaps.ViewportSubpixelBits;
-        m_dynamicParameters.MinFragmentInterpolationOffset =
-            std::isfinite(m_vulkanCaps.MinFragmentInterpolationOffset) &&
-                    m_vulkanCaps.MinFragmentInterpolationOffset <= -0.5f
-                ? m_vulkanCaps.MinFragmentInterpolationOffset
-                : -0.5f;
-        m_dynamicParameters.MaxFragmentInterpolationOffset = 0.4375f;
-        m_dynamicParameters.FragmentInterpolationOffsetBits = 4;
-        if (m_vulkanCaps.FragmentInterpolationOffsetBits >= 4 &&
-            std::isfinite(m_vulkanCaps.MaxFragmentInterpolationOffset)) {
-            const Float requiredMaxOffset =
-                0.5f - std::ldexp(1.0f, -m_vulkanCaps.FragmentInterpolationOffsetBits);
-            if (m_vulkanCaps.MaxFragmentInterpolationOffset >= requiredMaxOffset) {
-                m_dynamicParameters.MaxFragmentInterpolationOffset = m_vulkanCaps.MaxFragmentInterpolationOffset;
-                m_dynamicParameters.FragmentInterpolationOffsetBits =
-                    m_vulkanCaps.FragmentInterpolationOffsetBits;
-            }
-        }
        m_dynamicParameters.SupportsWideLines = m_vulkanCaps.SupportsWideLines;
        m_dynamicParameters.MaxShaderStorageBlockSize =
            std::min(m_vulkanCaps.MaxShaderStorageBlockSize, kMaxAdvertisedShaderStorageBlockSize);
@@ -843,32 +765,5 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                    m_vulkanCaps.MaxShaderStorageBlockSize,
                    m_dynamicParameters.MaxShaderStorageBlockSize);
        }
-        switch (m_vulkanCaps.VendorId) {
-        case 0x5143u: // VK_VENDOR_ID: Qualcomm
-            m_dynamicParameters.GpuVendor = GpuVendorKind::Qualcomm;
-            break;
-        case 0x13B5u: // ARM
-            m_dynamicParameters.GpuVendor = GpuVendorKind::Arm;
-            break;
-        case 0x10DEu: // NVIDIA
-            m_dynamicParameters.GpuVendor = GpuVendorKind::Nvidia;
-            break;
-        case 0x1002u: // AMD
-            m_dynamicParameters.GpuVendor = GpuVendorKind::Amd;
-            break;
-        case 0x8086u: // Intel
-            m_dynamicParameters.GpuVendor = GpuVendorKind::Intel;
-            break;
-        case 0x1010u: // Imagination
-            m_dynamicParameters.GpuVendor = GpuVendorKind::ImgTec;
-            break;
-        case 0x10005u: // Mesa software (lavapipe)
-        case 0x1AE0u:  // Google (SwiftShader)
-            m_dynamicParameters.GpuVendor = GpuVendorKind::Software;
-            break;
-        default:
-            m_dynamicParameters.GpuVendor = GpuVendorKind::Unknown;
-            break;
-        }
    }
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan
@@ -73,8 +73,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    // a device with the given raw capabilities. The MOBILEGL_DISABLE_SUBGROUP and
    // MOBILEGL_DISABLE_TIMERQUERY escape hatches are applied inside, so callers pass
    // the detected device support (passing an already-gated value is harmless).
-    Vector<GLExtension> BuildAdvertisedExtensions(Bool shaderSubgroupSupported, Bool timerQueriesSupported,
-                                                  Bool anisotropicFilteringSupported);
+    Vector<GLExtension> BuildAdvertisedExtensions(Bool shaderSubgroupSupported, Bool timerQueriesSupported);

    // Format: <GPU Name>, Vulkan <Vulkan Version>, Driver <Driver Version> — the exact
    // string an initialized backend returns from GetBackendAPIVersionString (and that
@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@
 #include <spirv_reflect.h>

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
-    // Leak-at-exit storage; see GlobalObjects.cpp.
-    UniquePtr<VulkanRenderer>& pVulkanRenderer = *new UniquePtr<VulkanRenderer>();
+    UniquePtr<VulkanRenderer> pVulkanRenderer = nullptr;

    namespace {
        // Generation of the live VulkanRenderer instance, mirroring
@@ -61,12 +60,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        };

        struct ProgramResourceCache {
-            // Lifetime id of the program the cached reflection belongs to. GL names are
-            // recycled (IndexGenerator hands freed indices straight back), and a
-            // recreated program's backendStateVersion restarts at the same small values,
-            // so the version alone can collide; the never-reused lifetime id makes the
-            // slot's ownership unambiguous.
-            Uint64 programLifetimeId = 0;
            Uint32 backendStateVersion = 0;
            Vector<StorageBlockResource> storageBlocks;
            Vector<BufferVariableResource> bufferVariables;
@@ -88,11 +81,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            Uint32 baseInstance = 0;
        };

-        // Keyed by GL program name so the freed-name reuse in IndexGenerator bounds the
-        // map at the peak-simultaneous-program high-water mark; each slot's ownership is
-        // checked against the program's lifetime id before it is served (see
-        // GetProgramResourceCache). Cleared wholesale at EGL teardown via
-        // ClearProgramResourceCaches.
        UnorderedMap<GLuint, ProgramResourceCache> g_programResourceCaches;

        void ClearReadPixelsOutput(GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLenum format, GLenum type, void* pixels) {
@@ -153,19 +141,13 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {

        ProgramResourceCache& GetProgramResourceCache(const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program) {
            auto& cache = g_programResourceCaches[program.GetExternalIndex()];
-            const Uint64 programLifetimeId = program.GetLifetimeId();
            const Uint32 backendStateVersion = program.GetBackendStateVersion();
-            // The lifetime id must match too: a new program that reuses a deleted
-            // program's name and happens to land on the same backendStateVersion (both
-            // count from zero) would otherwise be served the dead program's reflection.
-            if (cache.programLifetimeId == programLifetimeId &&
-                cache.backendStateVersion == backendStateVersion &&
+            if (cache.backendStateVersion == backendStateVersion &&
                (!cache.storageBlocks.empty() || !cache.bufferVariables.empty())) {
                return cache;
            }

            cache = {};
-            cache.programLifetimeId = programLifetimeId;
            cache.backendStateVersion = backendStateVersion;

            Vector<SpvReflectShaderModule> modules;
@@ -383,15 +365,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        }
    } // namespace

-    void ClearProgramResourceCaches() {
-        // Called from EGL teardown while the backend's m_eglStateMutex is held; GL
-        // calls are serialized in this codebase (contexts migrate threads but never
-        // run concurrently), so no other thread can be inside the unsynchronized map.
-        // Live programs in another context self-heal: their entry rebuilds from the
-        // retained generated SPIR-V on the next resource query.
-        g_programResourceCaches.clear();
-    }
-
    GLuint GetShaderStorageBlockIndex(const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program, const String& name) {
        auto& cache = GetProgramResourceCache(program);
        const auto it = std::find_if(cache.storageBlocks.begin(), cache.storageBlocks.end(),
@@ -1250,76 +1223,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        pVulkanRenderer->Clear(mask);
    }

-    // Vulkan has no LINE_LOOP topology; rewrite the draw as an indexed LINE_STRIP
-    // whose synthesized index list revisits the first vertex at the end.
-    static void DrawLineLoopAsIndexedStrip(const Vector<Uint32>& closedIndices, GLint basevertex) {
-        DrawIndexedCmd payload{};
-        payload.mode = GL_LINE_STRIP;
-        payload.indexBufferView.indexType = GL_UNSIGNED_INT;
-        payload.indexBufferView.indexByteOffset = reinterpret_cast<SizeT>(closedIndices.data());
-        payload.indexBufferView.indexByteSize = closedIndices.size() * sizeof(Uint32);
-        payload.indexBufferView.forceClientMemory = true;
-        payload.params.indexCount = static_cast<Uint32>(closedIndices.size());
-        payload.params.instanceCount = 1;
-        payload.params.vertexOffset = basevertex;
-        pVulkanRenderer->DrawElements(payload);
-    }
-
-    // Resolve a DrawElements index list (bound element-array buffer or client
-    // memory) into uint32 values with the loop-closing first index appended.
-    static Bool BuildClosedLineLoopIndices(GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices,
-                                           Vector<Uint32>& outIndices) {
-        const SizeT indexSize = MG_Util::GetGLTypeSize(type);
-        if (indexSize == 0 || count < 2) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        const Uint8* indexBytes = nullptr;
-        const auto& vao = *MG_State::pGLContext->GetBoundVertexArray();
-        const auto& indexBufferShared = vao.GetIndexBufferBindingSlot().GetBoundObject();
-        if (indexBufferShared != nullptr) {
-            const SizeT offset = reinterpret_cast<SizeT>(indices);
-            const SizeT bufferSize = indexBufferShared->GetSize();
-            if (indexBufferShared->MappedData() == nullptr || offset > bufferSize ||
-                static_cast<SizeT>(count) * indexSize > bufferSize - offset) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            indexBufferShared->SyncPersistentMappedRange();
-            indexBytes = indexBufferShared->MappedData() + offset;
-        } else {
-            indexBytes = static_cast<const Uint8*>(indices);
-            if (indexBytes == nullptr) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        outIndices.resize(static_cast<SizeT>(count) + 1);
-        for (GLsizei i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-            switch (indexSize) {
-            case 1: outIndices[i] = indexBytes[i]; break;
-            case 2: outIndices[i] = reinterpret_cast<const Uint16*>(indexBytes)[i]; break;
-            default: outIndices[i] = reinterpret_cast<const Uint32*>(indexBytes)[i]; break;
-            }
-        }
-        outIndices[count] = outIndices[0];
-        return true;
-    }
-
    void DrawArrays(GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count) {
        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(pVulkanRenderer, "DirectVulkan::DrawArrays called with null VulkanRenderer");
        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(MG_State::pGLContext, "DirectVulkan::DrawArrays called with null GL context");

-        if (mode == GL_LINE_LOOP) {
-            if (count < 2) {
-                return;
-            }
-            Vector<Uint32> closedIndices(static_cast<SizeT>(count) + 1);
-            for (GLsizei i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-                closedIndices[i] = static_cast<Uint32>(first + i);
-            }
-            closedIndices[count] = static_cast<Uint32>(first);
-            DrawLineLoopAsIndexedStrip(closedIndices, 0);
-            return;
-        }
-
        DrawCmd payload{};
        payload.mode = mode;
        payload.params.firstVertex = first;
@@ -1332,14 +1239,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(pVulkanRenderer, "DirectVulkan::DrawElements called with null VulkanRenderer");
        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(MG_State::pGLContext, "DirectVulkan::DrawElements called with null GL context");

-        if (mode == GL_LINE_LOOP) {
-            Vector<Uint32> closedIndices;
-            if (BuildClosedLineLoopIndices(count, type, indices, closedIndices)) {
-                DrawLineLoopAsIndexedStrip(closedIndices, 0);
-            }
-            return;
-        }
-
        DrawIndexedCmd payload{};
        payload.mode = mode;
        payload.indexBufferView.indexType = type;
@@ -1408,13 +1307,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    void DrawElementsBaseVertex(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const GLvoid* indices, GLint basevertex) {
        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(pVulkanRenderer, "DirectVulkan::DrawElementsBaseVertex called with null VulkanRenderer");
        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(MG_State::pGLContext, "DirectVulkan::DrawElementsBaseVertex called with null GL context");
-        if (mode == GL_LINE_LOOP) {
-            Vector<Uint32> closedIndices;
-            if (BuildClosedLineLoopIndices(count, type, indices, closedIndices)) {
-                DrawLineLoopAsIndexedStrip(closedIndices, basevertex);
-            }
-            return;
-        }
        DrawIndexedCmd payload{};
        payload.mode = mode;
        payload.indexBufferView.indexType = type;
@@ -1564,12 +1456,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // records are shared (SharedPtr) with the owning pool's pending list,
        // so deleting the query while results are still in flight is safe.
        struct VulkanTimerQuery {
-            enum class Kind : Uint8 { Timer, Occlusion, XfbWritten, XfbGenerated };
-            Kind kind = Kind::Timer;
            SharedPtr<VkTimerQueryManager::TimestampRecord> begin;
            SharedPtr<VkTimerQueryManager::TimestampRecord> end;
-            // Kind::Occlusion - pool slots recorded between Begin/End; summed at result time.
-            Vector<Uint32> occlusionSlots;
            // Renderer generation the records were written under (see
            // g_rendererGeneration). A stale generation resolves as available
            // with a final zero result: the records' pool indices and frame
@@ -1659,26 +1547,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            // ever be produced, so resolve with a final 0.
            return true;
        }
-        if (query->kind == VulkanTimerQuery::Kind::Occlusion) {
-            Uint64 samples = 0;
-            if (!pVulkanRenderer->ResolveOcclusionQueryResult(query->occlusionSlots, samples)) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            query->occlusionSlots.clear(); // slots are recycled by the resolve
-            *outNanoseconds = samples;
-            return true;
-        }
-        if (query->kind == VulkanTimerQuery::Kind::XfbWritten ||
-            query->kind == VulkanTimerQuery::Kind::XfbGenerated) {
-            Uint64 primitives = 0;
-            if (!pVulkanRenderer->ResolveXfbQueryResult(query->occlusionSlots,
-                                                        query->kind == VulkanTimerQuery::Kind::XfbGenerated,
-                                                        primitives)) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            *outNanoseconds = primitives;
-            return true;
-        }
        // With wait, mirrors ClientWaitSync: a query ended this frame cannot
        // complete until Present submits the commands, so the wait refuses to
        // block on the current unsubmitted serial. Returning false keeps the
@@ -1711,47 +1579,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        delete static_cast<VulkanTimerQuery*>(handle);
    }

-    BackendQueryHandle BeginXfbPrimitivesQuery(Bool generated) {
-        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(pVulkanRenderer, "DirectVulkan::BeginXfbPrimitivesQuery called with null VulkanRenderer");
-        if (!pVulkanRenderer->StartXfbQueryCapture(generated ? 1u : 0u)) {
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-        auto* query = new VulkanTimerQuery{};
-        query->kind = generated ? VulkanTimerQuery::Kind::XfbGenerated : VulkanTimerQuery::Kind::XfbWritten;
-        query->rendererGeneration = GetRendererGeneration();
-        return query;
-    }
-
-    void EndXfbPrimitivesQuery(BackendQueryHandle handle) {
-        auto* query = static_cast<VulkanTimerQuery*>(handle);
-        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(pVulkanRenderer, "DirectVulkan::EndXfbPrimitivesQuery called with null VulkanRenderer");
-        if (query == nullptr || query->rendererGeneration != GetRendererGeneration()) {
-            return;
-        }
-        pVulkanRenderer->StopXfbQueryCapture(
-            query->kind == VulkanTimerQuery::Kind::XfbGenerated ? 1u : 0u, query->occlusionSlots);
-    }
-
-    BackendQueryHandle BeginOcclusionQuery() {
-        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(pVulkanRenderer, "DirectVulkan::BeginOcclusionQuery called with null VulkanRenderer");
-        if (!pVulkanRenderer->StartOcclusionQueryCapture()) {
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-        auto* query = new VulkanTimerQuery{};
-        query->kind = VulkanTimerQuery::Kind::Occlusion;
-        query->rendererGeneration = GetRendererGeneration();
-        return query;
-    }
-
-    void EndOcclusionQuery(BackendQueryHandle handle) {
-        auto* query = static_cast<VulkanTimerQuery*>(handle);
-        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(pVulkanRenderer, "DirectVulkan::EndOcclusionQuery called with null VulkanRenderer");
-        if (query == nullptr || query->rendererGeneration != GetRendererGeneration()) {
-            return;
-        }
-        pVulkanRenderer->StopOcclusionQueryCapture(query->occlusionSlots);
-    }
-
    Int64 GetGpuTimestampNs() {
        // Vulkan cannot synchronously sample the GPU clock: timestamps only
        // exist as vkCmdWriteTimestamp results read back later, and
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #include "Renderer/VulkanRenderer.h"

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
-    extern UniquePtr<VulkanRenderer>& pVulkanRenderer;
+    extern UniquePtr<VulkanRenderer> pVulkanRenderer;

    // Generation of the live VulkanRenderer instance, mirroring DirectGLES's
    // g_syncContextGeneration. BackendObject_DirectVulkan bumps it wherever
@@ -23,12 +23,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    Uint64 GetRendererGeneration();
    void BumpRendererGeneration();

-    // Drops every cached program-resource reflection entry (CPU-side strings/vectors
-    // only, no Vulkan handles). Called at EGL teardown next to the renderer reset;
-    // safe because GL calls are serialized in this codebase, and any still-live
-    // program rebuilds its entry from the retained generated SPIR-V on demand.
-    void ClearProgramResourceCaches();
-
    void ClearBufferfi(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, GLfloat depth, GLint stencil);
    void ClearBufferfv(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLfloat* value);
    void ClearBufferuiv(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLuint* value);
@@ -123,10 +117,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    // only while a live renderer exists whose device can actually time.
    Bool IsTimerQuerySupported();
    BackendQueryHandle BeginTimeElapsedQuery();
-    BackendQueryHandle BeginXfbPrimitivesQuery(Bool generated);
-    void EndXfbPrimitivesQuery(BackendQueryHandle query);
-    BackendQueryHandle BeginOcclusionQuery();
-    void EndOcclusionQuery(BackendQueryHandle query);
    void EndTimeElapsedQuery(BackendQueryHandle query);
    BackendQueryHandle QueryCounterTimestamp();
    Bool IsQueryResultAvailable(BackendQueryHandle query);
@@ -16,19 +16,18 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        m_device = device;
        m_commandPool = commandPool;

-        Vector<VkCommandBuffer> commandBuffers(frameCount * 2, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+        Vector<VkCommandBuffer> commandBuffers(frameCount, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
        VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo{};
        allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
        allocInfo.commandPool = commandPool;
        allocInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
-        allocInfo.commandBufferCount = frameCount * 2;
+        allocInfo.commandBufferCount = frameCount;
        VkResult result = vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &allocInfo, commandBuffers.data());
        if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
        for (Uint32 i = 0; i < frameCount; ++i) {
            m_frames[i].commandBuffer = commandBuffers[i];
-            m_frames[i].preCommandBuffer = commandBuffers[frameCount + i];
        }

        VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO};
@@ -48,10 +47,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {

    void FrameContext::Destroy(VkDevice device, VkCommandPool commandPool) {
        const Uint32 frameCount = static_cast<Uint32>(m_frames.size());
-        Vector<VkCommandBuffer> commandBuffers(frameCount * 2, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+        Vector<VkCommandBuffer> commandBuffers(frameCount, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
        for (Uint32 i = 0; i < frameCount; ++i) {
            commandBuffers[i] = m_frames[i].commandBuffer;
-            commandBuffers[frameCount + i] = m_frames[i].preCommandBuffer;
        }

        for (Uint32 i = 0; i < frameCount; ++i) {
@@ -62,7 +60,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            for (auto& frame : m_frames) {
                FreeRetiredCommandBuffers(frame);
            }
-            vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, commandPool, frameCount * 2, commandBuffers.data());
+            vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, commandPool, frameCount, commandBuffers.data());
        }
        m_frames.clear();
        currentFrameIndex = 0;
@@ -89,8 +87,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        currentFrameIndex = (currentFrameIndex + 1) % static_cast<Uint32>(m_frames.size());
        GetCurrent().isCommandRecording = false;
        GetCurrent().hasCommandBufferRecorded = false;
-        GetCurrent().isPreCommandRecording = false;
-        GetCurrent().hasPreCommandBufferRecorded = false;
    }

    VkCommandBuffer& FrameContext::BeginCommandRecording(VkCommandBufferUsageFlags flags,
@@ -122,41 +118,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        frame.hasCommandBufferRecorded = true;
    }

-    VkCommandBuffer FrameContext::BeginPreCommandRecording() {
-        auto& frame = GetCurrent();
-        if (frame.isPreCommandRecording) {
-            return frame.preCommandBuffer;
-        }
-        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(!frame.hasPreCommandBufferRecorded,
-                        "BeginPreCommandRecording: a recorded pre stream is still awaiting submission");
-        VK_VERIFY(vkResetCommandBuffer(frame.preCommandBuffer, 0), "BeginPreCommandRecording, vkResetCommandBuffer");
-        VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo{};
-        beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
-        VK_VERIFY(vkBeginCommandBuffer(frame.preCommandBuffer, &beginInfo),
-                  "BeginPreCommandRecording, vkBeginCommandBuffer");
-        frame.isPreCommandRecording = true;
-        return frame.preCommandBuffer;
-    }
-
-    void FrameContext::EndPreCommandRecordingIfOpen() {
-        auto& frame = GetCurrent();
-        if (!frame.isPreCommandRecording) {
-            return;
-        }
-        VK_VERIFY(vkEndCommandBuffer(frame.preCommandBuffer), "EndPreCommandRecordingIfOpen, vkEndCommandBuffer");
-        frame.isPreCommandRecording = false;
-        frame.hasPreCommandBufferRecorded = true;
-    }
-
-    void FrameContext::AbandonPreCommandRecording() {
-        auto& frame = GetCurrent();
-        if (frame.isPreCommandRecording) {
-            VK_VERIFY(vkEndCommandBuffer(frame.preCommandBuffer), "AbandonPreCommandRecording, vkEndCommandBuffer");
-        }
-        frame.isPreCommandRecording = false;
-        frame.hasPreCommandBufferRecorded = false;
-    }
-
    VkResult FrameContext::InitializeSwapchainSemaphores(VkDevice device, Uint32 swapchainImageCount) {
        DestroySwapchainSemaphores(device);
        if (swapchainImageCount == 0) {
@@ -189,30 +150,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {

    Bool FrameContext::TransitionToPresent(VkImage image, VkImageLayout oldLayout, VkImageLayout presentLayout) {
        auto& frame = GetCurrent();
-        if (oldLayout == presentLayout || oldLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHARED_PRESENT_KHR) {
+        if (frame.hasCommandBufferRecorded || frame.isCommandRecording || oldLayout == presentLayout ||
+            oldLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHARED_PRESENT_KHR) {
            return false;
        }

-        // The barrier belongs in the frame's own recording. Bailing out because
-        // something was already recorded (the previous behaviour) dropped the
-        // transition entirely for every frame that never ran a default-framebuffer
-        // render pass - the only other thing that carries the image to
-        // PRESENT_SRC_KHR, via that pass's finalLayout - so the swapchain image was
-        // handed to the WSI still in the layout it was acquired in.
-        // A closed-but-unsubmitted buffer can only come from a submit that already
-        // failed (SubmitPendingCommandBuffer leaves the flag set on error), and
-        // appending to it is illegal while reopening would reset the frame's own
-        // commands away. The device is gone on that path anyway - stay silent-safe
-        // rather than trade a lost device for a barrier into a closed buffer.
-        if (frame.hasCommandBufferRecorded) {
-            MGLOG_E("TransitionToPresent: command buffer already closed; skipping the present barrier");
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        // Reopening a recording here would vkResetCommandBuffer this frame's own
-        // commands away, so append to the open one and let the caller close it.
-        const Bool openedRecording = !frame.isCommandRecording;
-        VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = openedRecording ? BeginCommandRecording() : frame.commandBuffer;
+        auto& commandBuffer = BeginCommandRecording();

        VkImageMemoryBarrier presentBarrier{};
        presentBarrier.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
@@ -231,9 +174,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        vkCmdPipelineBarrier(commandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT, 0, 0,
                             nullptr, 0, nullptr, 1, &presentBarrier);

-        if (openedRecording) {
-            EndCommandRecording();
-        }
+        EndCommandRecording();
        return true;
    }

@@ -241,27 +182,17 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                                                               Uint32 swapchainImageIndex) const {
        const auto& frame = GetCurrent();
        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(!frame.isCommandRecording, "GetSubmitInfo called while command buffer recording is still active");
-        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(!frame.isPreCommandRecording,
-                        "GetSubmitInfo called while the pre-pass stream is still recording");
        AssertValidSwapchainImageIndex(swapchainImageIndex);
        SubmitInfoPacket packet{};
        packet.waitSemaphore = frame.imageAvailableSemaphore;
        packet.signalSemaphore = m_swapchainImageRenderFinishedSemaphores[swapchainImageIndex];
-
-        Uint32 commandBufferCount = 0;
-        // The pre-pass stream executes strictly before the frame's commands.
-        if (frame.hasPreCommandBufferRecorded) {
-            packet.commandBuffers[commandBufferCount++] = frame.preCommandBuffer;
-        }
-        if (shouldSubmitCommandBuffer) {
-            packet.commandBuffers[commandBufferCount++] = frame.commandBuffer;
-        }
+        packet.commandBuffer = frame.commandBuffer;

        packet.submitInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = frame.imageAvailableSemaphoreConsumed ? 0U : 1U;
        packet.submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = frame.imageAvailableSemaphoreConsumed ? nullptr : &packet.waitSemaphore;
        packet.submitInfo.pWaitDstStageMask = frame.imageAvailableSemaphoreConsumed ? nullptr : &packet.waitDstStageMask;
-        packet.submitInfo.commandBufferCount = commandBufferCount;
-        packet.submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = commandBufferCount > 0 ? packet.commandBuffers : nullptr;
+        packet.submitInfo.commandBufferCount = shouldSubmitCommandBuffer ? 1U : 0U;
+        packet.submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = shouldSubmitCommandBuffer ? &packet.commandBuffer : nullptr;
        packet.submitInfo.signalSemaphoreCount = 1;
        packet.submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = &packet.signalSemaphore;
        return packet;
@@ -296,21 +227,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {

        result = vkAcquireNextImageKHR(device, swapchain, timeout, frame.imageAvailableSemaphore, acquireFence,
                                       &outImageIndex);
-        // VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR is a success code: an image *was* acquired and
-        // imageAvailableSemaphore *will* be signaled. Bailing out on it skipped both
-        // the consumed-flag reset (leaving a stale "already consumed", so the next
-        // submit never waited on the pending signal) and the fence reset (leaving
-        // the slot's fence signaled for the next submit to reuse). Only a genuine
-        // failure - VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR and friends, where nothing is acquired
-        // and nothing is signaled - skips the bookkeeping.
-        if (result != VK_SUCCESS && result != VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR) {
+        if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }

        frame.imageAvailableSemaphoreConsumed = false;
-        const VkResult resetResult = vkResetFences(device, 1, &frame.imageInFlightFence);
-        // Hand the acquire's own code back so the caller can schedule a rebuild.
-        return resetResult == VK_SUCCESS ? result : resetResult;
+        return vkResetFences(device, 1, &frame.imageInFlightFence);
    }

    Uint32 FrameContext::GetCurrentFrameIndex() const {
@@ -325,14 +247,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        m_recordingObserver = observer;
    }

-    VkResult FrameContext::RetireCurrentCommandBuffer(Bool retirePreCommandBuffer) {
+    VkResult FrameContext::RetireCurrentCommandBuffer() {
        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(m_device != VK_NULL_HANDLE && m_commandPool != VK_NULL_HANDLE,
                        "RetireCurrentCommandBuffer requires an initialized FrameContext");
        auto& frame = GetCurrent();
        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(!frame.isCommandRecording,
                        "RetireCurrentCommandBuffer called while the command buffer is still recording");
-        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(!frame.isPreCommandRecording,
-                        "RetireCurrentCommandBuffer called while the pre-pass stream is still recording");

        VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo{};
        allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
@@ -340,23 +260,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        allocInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
        allocInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
        VkCommandBuffer replacement = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-        VkResult result = vkAllocateCommandBuffers(m_device, &allocInfo, &replacement);
+        const VkResult result = vkAllocateCommandBuffers(m_device, &allocInfo, &replacement);
        if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
-        if (retirePreCommandBuffer) {
-            VkCommandBuffer preReplacement = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            result = vkAllocateCommandBuffers(m_device, &allocInfo, &preReplacement);
-            if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
-                vkFreeCommandBuffers(m_device, m_commandPool, 1, &replacement);
-                return result;
-            }
-            frame.retiredCommandBuffers.push_back({frame.preCommandBuffer, frame.lastSubmitIndex});
-            frame.preCommandBuffer = preReplacement;
-        }
-        // lastSubmitIndex was just written by the renderer for the submission
-        // that carried this command buffer.
-        frame.retiredCommandBuffers.push_back({frame.commandBuffer, frame.lastSubmitIndex});
+        frame.retiredCommandBuffers.push_back(frame.commandBuffer);
        frame.commandBuffer = replacement;
        return VK_SUCCESS;
    }
@@ -366,40 +274,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            return;
        }
        if (m_device != VK_NULL_HANDLE && m_commandPool != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-            for (const auto& retired : frame.retiredCommandBuffers) {
-                vkFreeCommandBuffers(m_device, m_commandPool, 1, &retired.commandBuffer);
-            }
+            vkFreeCommandBuffers(m_device, m_commandPool, static_cast<Uint32>(frame.retiredCommandBuffers.size()),
+                                 frame.retiredCommandBuffers.data());
        }
        frame.retiredCommandBuffers.clear();
    }

-    void FrameContext::FreeRetiredCommandBuffersCompletedUpTo(Uint64 completedSubmitIndex) {
-        if (m_device == VK_NULL_HANDLE || m_commandPool == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-            return;
-        }
-        for (auto& frame : m_frames) {
-            // Retired buffers are appended in submit order, so the completed
-            // ones form a prefix.
-            SizeT completedCount = 0;
-            while (completedCount < frame.retiredCommandBuffers.size() &&
-                   frame.retiredCommandBuffers[completedCount].submitIndex <= completedSubmitIndex) {
-                vkFreeCommandBuffers(m_device, m_commandPool, 1,
-                                     &frame.retiredCommandBuffers[completedCount].commandBuffer);
-                ++completedCount;
-            }
-            if (completedCount > 0) {
-                frame.retiredCommandBuffers.erase(frame.retiredCommandBuffers.begin(),
-                                                  frame.retiredCommandBuffers.begin() + completedCount);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    void FrameContext::FreeAllRetiredCommandBuffers() {
-        for (auto& frame : m_frames) {
-            FreeRetiredCommandBuffers(frame);
-        }
-    }
-
    void FrameContext::AssertValidFrameIndex(Uint32 frameIndex) const {
        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(frameIndex < m_frames.size(), "FrameContext index out of range");
    }
@@ -29,9 +29,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            VkPipelineStageFlags waitDstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT;
            VkSemaphore waitSemaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
            VkSemaphore signalSemaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            // [0] = pre-pass command buffer (when recorded), then the frame
-            // command buffer; submitInfo.pCommandBuffers points here.
-            VkCommandBuffer commandBuffers[2] = {VK_NULL_HANDLE, VK_NULL_HANDLE};
+            VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
            VkSubmitInfo submitInfo{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO};
        };

@@ -42,35 +40,17 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            VkPresentInfoKHR presentInfo{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR};
        };

-        // A command buffer submitted mid-frame (FlushPendingCommands), tagged
-        // with the submit-tracker index it was submitted under so it can be
-        // freed as soon as that submission is observed complete - without
-        // waiting for the slot's fence to be waited again (present-less flush
-        // loops never wait it).
-        struct RetiredCommandBuffer {
-            VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            Uint64 submitIndex = 0;
-        };
-
        struct FrameData {
            VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            // Pre-pass work stream: out-of-pass commands (deferred clear
-            // materialization, sampled-layout transitions) for resources the
-            // frame's recording has not touched yet. Submitted immediately
-            // BEFORE commandBuffer in the same vkQueueSubmit, so recording
-            // into it never has to split the frame's active render pass.
-            VkCommandBuffer preCommandBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
            VkSemaphore imageAvailableSemaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
            VkFence imageInFlightFence = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
            Bool isCommandRecording = false;
            Bool hasCommandBufferRecorded = false;
-            Bool isPreCommandRecording = false;
-            Bool hasPreCommandBufferRecorded = false;
            Bool imageAvailableSemaphoreConsumed = false;
-            // Command buffers submitted mid-frame (FlushPendingCommands),
-            // appended in submit order; freed once their submission is known
-            // complete (fence wait or completion poll).
-            Vector<RetiredCommandBuffer> retiredCommandBuffers;
+            // Command buffers submitted mid-frame (FlushPendingCommands) whose
+            // execution is only known complete once this slot's fence has been
+            // waited again; freed at that point.
+            Vector<VkCommandBuffer> retiredCommandBuffers;
            // Submit-tracker index of this slot's most recent queue submission
            // (written by the renderer at submit time).
            Uint64 lastSubmitIndex = 0;
@@ -87,14 +67,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        VkCommandBuffer& BeginCommandRecording(VkCommandBufferUsageFlags flags = 0,
                                               const VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo* pInheritanceInfo = nullptr);
        void EndCommandRecording();
-        // Lazily opens the pre-pass work stream (see FrameData::preCommandBuffer).
-        VkCommandBuffer BeginPreCommandRecording();
-        // Closes the pre stream if open, marking it for submission ahead of the
-        // frame command buffer. Safe to call when it never opened.
-        void EndPreCommandRecordingIfOpen();
-        // Drops an in-progress or recorded-but-unsubmitted pre stream (dropped
-        // frame recordings, swapchain recreation).
-        void AbandonPreCommandRecording();
        VkResult InitializeSwapchainSemaphores(VkDevice device, Uint32 swapchainImageCount);
        void DestroySwapchainSemaphores(VkDevice device);
        Bool TransitionToPresent(VkImage image, VkImageLayout oldLayout,
@@ -107,18 +79,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // Parks the current (already ended and submitted) command buffer on the
        // slot's retired list and installs a freshly allocated one, so recording
        // can restart while the submitted buffer is still executing. Retired
-        // buffers are freed after the slot's fence is next waited, or as soon
-        // as their submission is observed complete.
-        VkResult RetireCurrentCommandBuffer(Bool retirePreCommandBuffer = false);
-
-        // Frees every retired command buffer whose tagged submission index is
-        // known complete. Driven by the renderer's submit tracker on completion
-        // events (fence waits and non-blocking polls), so present-less flush
-        // loops reclaim their buffers without any extra wait.
-        void FreeRetiredCommandBuffersCompletedUpTo(Uint64 completedSubmitIndex);
-        // Frees every slot's retired command buffers. Only valid when the
-        // caller has proven every queue submission complete.
-        void FreeAllRetiredCommandBuffers();
+        // buffers are freed after the slot's fence is next waited.
+        VkResult RetireCurrentCommandBuffer();

        Uint32 GetCurrentFrameIndex() const;
        Uint32 GetFrameCount() const;
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@

 #include "PipelineFactory.h"

-#include <algorithm>
-
 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    static const char* PrimitiveTopologyToString(VkPrimitiveTopology topology) {
        switch (topology) {
@@ -110,81 +108,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                  "vkCreatePipelineCache");
    }

-    // Must be called once, before any pipeline is created: the flag is not part of the
-    // pipeline hash, so flipping it mid-life would serve cached pipelines built under the
-    // old value.
-    void PipelineFactory::SetSuppressBlendedDepthWrite(Bool enabled) {
-        s_suppressBlendedDepthWrite = enabled;
-    }
-
-    Bool PipelineFactory::ShouldSuppressBlendedDepthWriteForDevice(MG_Config::QuirkOverride quirkOverride,
-                                                                   Uint32 vendorId) {
-        static constexpr Uint32 kVendorIdQualcomm = 0x5143;
-        switch (quirkOverride) {
-        case MG_Config::QuirkOverride::ForceOn:
-            return true;
-        case MG_Config::QuirkOverride::ForceOff:
-            return false;
-        case MG_Config::QuirkOverride::Auto:
-        default:
-            return vendorId == kVendorIdQualcomm;
-        }
-    }
-
-    namespace {
-        // MIN/MAX extremum blending: the signature of a depth-bounds accumulation pass
-        // (MC 26.3 OIT writes vec4(-linD, linD, deviceZ, 0) under GL_MAX while writing
-        // depth for its equality chain). MIN/MAX ignore blend factors per the Vulkan spec.
-        //
-        // Deliberately the ONLY shape stripped. A quirk should touch as little unrelated
-        // content as possible, and a trace sweep of every fixture showed the wider
-        // alternatives all cost more than they fix:
-        //   - additive ONE+ONE with a depth write matched zero draws of the 26.3 chain
-        //     (its transmittance/accumulate passes disable depth writes themselves) - the
-        //     only real content it caught was harmless additive glow effects (Create);
-        //   - sorted-transparency "over" blends (SRC_ALPHA-style) are order-dependent,
-        //     drawn once per surface, and rely on their depth writes for occlusion;
-        //   - separate-alpha accumulation over an over-blending color channel has no
-        //     known pairing with a depth-equality chain (color channel only, see tests).
-        // If a future workload pairs another blend shape with an equality chain, widen
-        // this with that evidence in hand rather than pre-emptively.
-        Bool IsAccumulationBlend(const VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState& attachment) {
-            return attachment.colorBlendOp == VK_BLEND_OP_MIN ||
-                   attachment.colorBlendOp == VK_BLEND_OP_MAX;
-        }
-    } // namespace
-
-    Bool PipelineFactory::ShouldSuppressDepthWrite(const PipelineCreatePayload& payload) {
-        if (!payload.depthWriteEnable) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // A shader that assigns gl_FragDepth supplies depth itself rather than taking the
-        // pipeline's interpolated Z, so a driver that varies the vertex position math
-        // between pipelines cannot desynchronize it. (A gl_FragDepth = gl_FragCoord.z
-        // passthrough is the exception that stays exposed; no known content pairs one with
-        // an equality chain, and 26.3's composite is a genuine computed-depth writer.)
-        if (payload.fragmentReplacesDepth) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        for (Uint32 i = 0; i < payload.colorAttachmentCount; ++i) {
-            const VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState& attachment = payload.colorBlendAttachments[i];
-            if (attachment.blendEnable != VK_TRUE) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            // All color writes masked: blending is moot (depth-prepass pattern that left
-            // GL_BLEND enabled); stripping the depth write would delete the whole prepass.
-            if (attachment.colorWriteMask == 0) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            // Any attachment qualifies, not just attachment 0: the 26.3 transmittance pass
-            // accumulates into a 2-target MRT and must stay stripped.
-            if (IsAccumulationBlend(attachment)) {
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
    PipelineFactory::~PipelineFactory() {
        DestroyAll();
        if (m_pipelineCache != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
@@ -229,8 +152,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.backStencilDepthFailOp, sizeof(payload.backStencilDepthFailOp)));
        XXHASH_VERIFY(
            XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.backStencilCompareOp, sizeof(payload.backStencilCompareOp)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(
-            XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.fragmentReplacesDepth, sizeof(payload.fragmentReplacesDepth)));
        if (payload.colorAttachmentCount > 0) {
            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(
                m_hashState,
@@ -244,108 +165,23 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        const HashType hash = ComputeHash(payload);
        auto it = m_cache.find(hash);
        if (it != m_cache.end()) {
-            it->second.lastUsedFrame = m_frameCounter;
-            return it->second.pipeline;
+            return it->second;
        }

        VkPipeline pipeline = CreatePipeline(payload);
-        m_cache.emplace(hash, PipelineCacheEntry{pipeline, payload.programHash, payload.renderPass,
-                                                 m_frameCounter});
+        m_cache.emplace(hash, pipeline);
        return pipeline;
    }

    void PipelineFactory::DestroyAll() {
        for (auto& pair : m_cache) {
-            if (pair.second.pipeline != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-                vkDestroyPipeline(m_device, pair.second.pipeline, nullptr);
+            if (pair.second != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+                vkDestroyPipeline(m_device, pair.second, nullptr);
            }
        }
        m_cache.clear();
    }

-    Uint32 PipelineFactory::OnFrameBoundary() {
-        ++m_frameCounter;
-
-        // Sweep cadence and retire age mirror VkRenderPassManager::OnPresent: an entry
-        // idle for more than kRetireAgeFrames frame boundaries cannot be referenced by
-        // any in-flight command buffer (frames-in-flight <= MOBILEGL_MAGMA_FRAMESINFLIGHT),
-        // so immediate vkDestroyPipeline is safe. The caller must drop its "last
-        // pipeline" memo when this returns non-zero: the memo can return a cached
-        // handle without touching this cache, so an evicted pipeline may still be
-        // memoized (present-less flush loops never reset the memo per frame).
-        constexpr Uint64 kSweepInterval = 256;
-        constexpr Uint64 kRetireAgeFrames = 1024;
-        if ((m_frameCounter % kSweepInterval) != 0) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        Uint32 evicted = 0;
-        for (auto it = m_cache.begin(); it != m_cache.end();) {
-            if (m_frameCounter - it->second.lastUsedFrame > kRetireAgeFrames) {
-                if (it->second.pipeline != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-                    vkDestroyPipeline(m_device, it->second.pipeline, nullptr);
-                }
-                it = m_cache.erase(it);
-                ++evicted;
-            } else {
-                ++it;
-            }
-        }
-        if (evicted > 0) {
-            MGLOG_D("PipelineFactory::OnFrameBoundary: evicted %u idle pipelines (%zu remain)", evicted,
-                    m_cache.size());
-        }
-        return evicted;
-    }
-
-    Uint32 PipelineFactory::EvictByRenderPasses(const Vector<VkRenderPass>& renderPasses) {
-        if (renderPasses.empty() || m_cache.empty()) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        // Sorted-batch membership test keeps a mass eviction (shader-pack switch,
-        // dimension exit) at one O(cache * log batch) scan instead of one full scan
-        // per dying pass.
-        Vector<VkRenderPass> sortedPasses = renderPasses;
-        std::sort(sortedPasses.begin(), sortedPasses.end());
-        Uint32 evicted = 0;
-        for (auto it = m_cache.begin(); it != m_cache.end();) {
-            if (std::binary_search(sortedPasses.begin(), sortedPasses.end(), it->second.renderPass)) {
-                if (it->second.pipeline != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-                    vkDestroyPipeline(m_device, it->second.pipeline, nullptr);
-                }
-                it = m_cache.erase(it);
-                ++evicted;
-            } else {
-                ++it;
-            }
-        }
-        if (evicted > 0) {
-            MGLOG_D("PipelineFactory::EvictByRenderPasses: evicted %u pipelines for %zu destroyed render passes",
-                    evicted, sortedPasses.size());
-        }
-        return evicted;
-    }
-
-    Uint32 PipelineFactory::EvictByProgramHash(HashType programHash) {
-        Uint32 evicted = 0;
-        for (auto it = m_cache.begin(); it != m_cache.end();) {
-            if (it->second.programHash == programHash) {
-                if (it->second.pipeline != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-                    vkDestroyPipeline(m_device, it->second.pipeline, nullptr);
-                }
-                it = m_cache.erase(it);
-                ++evicted;
-            } else {
-                ++it;
-            }
-        }
-        if (evicted > 0) {
-            MGLOG_D("PipelineFactory::EvictByProgramHash: evicted %u pipelines for program hash 0x%llx",
-                    evicted, static_cast<unsigned long long>(programHash));
-        }
-        return evicted;
-    }
-
    VkPipeline PipelineFactory::CreatePipeline(const PipelineCreatePayload& payload) const {
        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(payload.stages != nullptr && !payload.stages->empty(), "PipelineFactory: stages are empty");
        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(payload.vertexInputState != nullptr, "PipelineFactory: vertexInputState is null");
@@ -422,17 +258,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        for (Uint32 i = 0; i < payload.colorAttachmentCount; ++i) {
            colorAttachments[i] = payload.colorBlendAttachments[i];
        }
-        // Suppress depth writes on accumulation-blended pipelines when the active driver
-        // cannot keep vertex positions invariant across the pipelines of a multi-pass
-        // depth-equality chain (see SetSuppressBlendedDepthWrite). The decision is narrowed
-        // in ShouldSuppressDepthWrite: sorted-transparency "over" blends (vanilla MC water),
-        // gl_FragDepth writers, and masked-out attachments keep their depth writes.
-        // This bakes the decision into the pipeline, which only works because depth write is
-        // static state here - adding VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_WRITE_ENABLE to kDynamicStates
-        // would let the record-time value override it and silently disable the quirk.
-        if (s_suppressBlendedDepthWrite && ShouldSuppressDepthWrite(payload)) {
-            depthStencil.depthWriteEnable = VK_FALSE;
-        }
        VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo blend{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO};
        blend.logicOpEnable = payload.logicOpEnable ? VK_TRUE : VK_FALSE;
        blend.logicOp = payload.logicOp;
@@ -49,9 +49,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            VkStencilOp backStencilPassOp = VK_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;
            VkStencilOp backStencilDepthFailOp = VK_STENCIL_OP_KEEP;
            VkCompareOp backStencilCompareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS;
-            // The fragment module writes gl_FragDepth (SPIR-V DepthReplacing); exempts the
-            // pipeline from the blended depth-write quirk (see ShouldSuppressDepthWrite).
-            Bool fragmentReplacesDepth = false;
            Array<VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState, kMaxColorAttachments> colorBlendAttachments{};
            const Vector<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo>* stages = nullptr;
            const VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo* vertexInputState = nullptr;
@@ -65,69 +62,13 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        VkPipeline GetOrCreatePipeline(const PipelineCreatePayload& payload);
        void DestroyAll();

-        // Frame boundary hook: ages the pipeline cache and destroys long-unused entries
-        // (their command buffers retired many frames ago), mirroring
-        // VkRenderPassManager::OnPresent's sweep. Returns the number of pipelines
-        // destroyed so the caller can drop any memoized VkPipeline handle.
-        Uint32 OnFrameBoundary();
-        // Destroys every cached pipeline hashed on one of `renderPasses`. Only safe
-        // when the caller guarantees GPU idleness for them - the render-pass manager
-        // calls this (via the renderer) for passes its own >1024-boundary-idle sweep
-        // just evicted, and a pipeline hashed on those handles is only ever bound by
-        // draws that also hit the render-pass entries. Also closes the handle-recycling
-        // hazard: a recycled VkRenderPass value must never serve a stale pipeline.
-        // Batched: one cache scan regardless of how many passes died in the sweep.
-        // Returns the number destroyed (callers invalidate memos when non-zero).
-        Uint32 EvictByRenderPasses(const Vector<VkRenderPass>& renderPasses);
-        // Destroys every cached pipeline built from the program with content hash
-        // `programHash`. Called from the ProgramFactory eviction path, which proves the
-        // same >1024-boundary idleness (the program's pipelines are only bound by draws
-        // that stamp its factory entry). Returns the number destroyed.
-        Uint32 EvictByProgramHash(HashType programHash);
-
-        // Driver quirk: suppress depth writes on accumulation-blended pipelines. Multi-pass
-        // depth-equality rendering (a blended prepass writes depth that later passes re-test
-        // with an equality-inclusive compare on the re-rasterized geometry) requires
-        // cross-pipeline position invariance that some mobile compilers do not provide, even
-        // with the SPIR-V Invariant decoration; whole primitives then drop out of the later
-        // passes. Only MIN/MAX extremum blends are stripped - the signature of such a
-        // chain's depth-bounds pass (MC 26.3 OIT), and per a fixture-wide trace sweep the
-        // only depth-writing shape the chain actually uses - so every other blend
-        // (sorted-transparency "over" like vanilla MC water, additive glows, ...) keeps
-        // its depth writes. Set at renderer initialization based on the active driver.
-        static void SetSuppressBlendedDepthWrite(Bool enabled);
-        static Bool IsSuppressBlendedDepthWriteEnabled() { return s_suppressBlendedDepthWrite; }
-        // Device gate for the quirk: ForceOn/ForceOff bypass detection, Auto enables it on
-        // the known-affected vendor (Qualcomm).
-        static Bool ShouldSuppressBlendedDepthWriteForDevice(MG_Config::QuirkOverride quirkOverride,
-                                                             Uint32 vendorId);
-        // Pure per-pipeline strip decision (exempts gl_FragDepth writers, masked-out and
-        // non-accumulation blends); combined with the device flag in CreatePipeline. Static
-        // and payload-only so tests can pin the contract without a VkDevice.
-        static Bool ShouldSuppressDepthWrite(const PipelineCreatePayload& payload);
-
    private:
-        struct PipelineCacheEntry {
-            VkPipeline pipeline = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            // The hashed inputs the eviction paths key on: programHash ties the entry to
-            // its ProgramFactory entry, renderPass records the exact handle the hash
-            // folded in (the hash is one-way, so targeted eviction needs them verbatim).
-            HashType programHash = 0;
-            VkRenderPass renderPass = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            // Frame-boundary counter value of the last GetOrCreatePipeline hit; drives
-            // cache eviction (see OnFrameBoundary).
-            Uint64 lastUsedFrame = 0;
-        };
-
        VkPipeline CreatePipeline(const PipelineCreatePayload& payload) const;

        VkDevice m_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        const VulkanRendererConfig& m_config;
        VkPipelineCache m_pipelineCache = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-        UnorderedMap<HashType, PipelineCacheEntry> m_cache;
-        // Monotonic frame-boundary counter (bumped in OnFrameBoundary) for cache aging.
-        Uint64 m_frameCounter = 0;
+        UnorderedMap<HashType, VkPipeline> m_cache;
        static inline XXH64_state_t* m_hashState = XXH64_createState();
-        static inline Bool s_suppressBlendedDepthWrite = false;
    };
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan
@@ -14,16 +14,8 @@
 #include "MG_State/GLState/TextureState/TextureEnum.h"

 #include <Includes.h>
-#include <spirv_reflect.h>

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
-    enum class SamplerNumericDomain : Uint8 {
-        Unknown = 0,
-        Float,
-        SignedInteger,
-        UnsignedInteger,
-    };
-
    class ProgramFactory {
    public:
        enum class DescriptorBindingKind : Uint8 {
@@ -42,16 +34,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            SurfaceRotate90 = 1 << 2,
            SurfaceRotate180 = 1 << 3,
            SurfaceRotate270 = 1 << 4,
-            // Rewrites the fragment stage's implicit-LOD image samples to explicit LOD 0.
-            // Only ever set for a draw whose every sampler binding is clamped to a single mip
-            // level, which makes the two forms produce identical texels (the implicit lambda is
-            // clamped into [minLod, maxLod] = [0, 0] regardless of derivatives or bias).
-            ExplicitLod0Sampling = 1 << 5,
-            // Decorates the last vertex-processing stage's captured varyings with
-            // XfbBuffer/XfbStride/Offset (VK_EXT_transform_feedback). Set only for draws
-            // recorded while GL transform feedback is active, so plain draws keep the
-            // undecorated variant.
-            XfbCapture = 1 << 6,
        };
        using CompileOptionFlags = Flags<CompileOptionBit>;
        using HashType = Uint64;
@@ -69,23 +51,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            Vector<DescriptorBindingKind> bindingKinds;
            Vector<Uint32> dynamicBindings;
            Vector<Int> uniformBlockIndexByBinding;
-            // Descriptor count per binding (1 except for UBO instance arrays, which occupy one
-            // binding with descriptorCount = N).
-            Vector<Uint16> bindingDescriptorCounts;
-            // Per-element GL uniform block indices for arrayed UBO bindings (count > 1);
-            // element 0 of a non-arrayed binding stays in uniformBlockIndexByBinding.
-            UnorderedMap<Uint32, Vector<Int>> arrayedUniformBlockIndicesByBinding;
            Vector<String> samplerNameByBinding;
            Vector<Int> samplerUniformLocationByBinding;
            Vector<TextureTarget> samplerTextureTargetByBinding;
-            Vector<SamplerNumericDomain> samplerNumericDomainByBinding;
-            Vector<VkFormat> storageImageFormatByBinding;
-            Vector<Bool> storageImageUsesBindingFormatByBinding;
            Vector<String> storageBlockNameByBinding;
            Vector<Int> storageBlockIndexByBinding;
-            // Set once during ReflectLayout so the per-draw path can skip the whole
-            // storage-image preparation for the overwhelming majority of programs.
-            Bool hasStorageImages = false;
            Int globalUboBinding = -1;
            Uint32 activeVertexInputLocationMask = 0;
            Array<GLenum, kMaxVertexInputLocations> vertexInputTypes{};
@@ -94,13 +64,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            ShaderStage rasterizationProducerStage = ShaderStage::Unknown;
            Uint32 producerOutputComponentCount = 0;
            Uint32 fragmentInputComponentCount = 0;
-            // The fragment module declares the DepthReplacing execution mode (writes
-            // gl_FragDepth); shader-computed depth is immune to the cross-pipeline
-            // position-invariance quirk (see PipelineFactory::ShouldSuppressDepthWrite).
-            Bool fragmentReplacesDepth = false;
-            // Frame-boundary counter value of the last GetOrCreateProgram hit; drives
-            // cache eviction (see OnFrameBoundary).
-            Uint64 lastUsedFrame = 0;

            static inline VkDevice s_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

@@ -116,18 +79,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                bindingKinds = std::move(other.bindingKinds);
                dynamicBindings = std::move(other.dynamicBindings);
                uniformBlockIndexByBinding = std::move(other.uniformBlockIndexByBinding);
-                bindingDescriptorCounts = std::move(other.bindingDescriptorCounts);
-                arrayedUniformBlockIndicesByBinding = std::move(other.arrayedUniformBlockIndicesByBinding);
                samplerNameByBinding = std::move(other.samplerNameByBinding);
                samplerUniformLocationByBinding = std::move(other.samplerUniformLocationByBinding);
                samplerTextureTargetByBinding = std::move(other.samplerTextureTargetByBinding);
-                samplerNumericDomainByBinding = std::move(other.samplerNumericDomainByBinding);
-                storageImageFormatByBinding = std::move(other.storageImageFormatByBinding);
-                storageImageUsesBindingFormatByBinding =
-                    std::move(other.storageImageUsesBindingFormatByBinding);
                storageBlockNameByBinding = std::move(other.storageBlockNameByBinding);
                storageBlockIndexByBinding = std::move(other.storageBlockIndexByBinding);
-                hasStorageImages = other.hasStorageImages;
                globalUboBinding = other.globalUboBinding;
                activeVertexInputLocationMask = other.activeVertexInputLocationMask;
                vertexInputTypes = other.vertexInputTypes;
@@ -136,20 +92,15 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                rasterizationProducerStage = other.rasterizationProducerStage;
                producerOutputComponentCount = other.producerOutputComponentCount;
                fragmentInputComponentCount = other.fragmentInputComponentCount;
-                fragmentReplacesDepth = other.fragmentReplacesDepth;
-                lastUsedFrame = other.lastUsedFrame;
                other.hash = 0;
                other.descriptorSetLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
                other.pipelineLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-                other.hasStorageImages = false;
                other.globalUboBinding = -1;
                other.activeVertexInputLocationMask = 0;
                other.activeFragmentOutputLocationMask = 0;
                other.rasterizationProducerStage = ShaderStage::Unknown;
                other.producerOutputComponentCount = 0;
                other.fragmentInputComponentCount = 0;
-                other.fragmentReplacesDepth = false;
-                other.lastUsedFrame = 0;
            }
            VkProgramObject& operator=(VkProgramObject&& other) noexcept {
                if (this == &other) {
@@ -164,18 +115,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                bindingKinds = std::move(other.bindingKinds);
                dynamicBindings = std::move(other.dynamicBindings);
                uniformBlockIndexByBinding = std::move(other.uniformBlockIndexByBinding);
-                bindingDescriptorCounts = std::move(other.bindingDescriptorCounts);
-                arrayedUniformBlockIndicesByBinding = std::move(other.arrayedUniformBlockIndicesByBinding);
                samplerNameByBinding = std::move(other.samplerNameByBinding);
                samplerUniformLocationByBinding = std::move(other.samplerUniformLocationByBinding);
                samplerTextureTargetByBinding = std::move(other.samplerTextureTargetByBinding);
-                samplerNumericDomainByBinding = std::move(other.samplerNumericDomainByBinding);
-                storageImageFormatByBinding = std::move(other.storageImageFormatByBinding);
-                storageImageUsesBindingFormatByBinding =
-                    std::move(other.storageImageUsesBindingFormatByBinding);
                storageBlockNameByBinding = std::move(other.storageBlockNameByBinding);
                storageBlockIndexByBinding = std::move(other.storageBlockIndexByBinding);
-                hasStorageImages = other.hasStorageImages;
                globalUboBinding = other.globalUboBinding;
                activeVertexInputLocationMask = other.activeVertexInputLocationMask;
                vertexInputTypes = other.vertexInputTypes;
@@ -184,20 +128,15 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                rasterizationProducerStage = other.rasterizationProducerStage;
                producerOutputComponentCount = other.producerOutputComponentCount;
                fragmentInputComponentCount = other.fragmentInputComponentCount;
-                fragmentReplacesDepth = other.fragmentReplacesDepth;
-                lastUsedFrame = other.lastUsedFrame;
                other.hash = 0;
                other.descriptorSetLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
                other.pipelineLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-                other.hasStorageImages = false;
                other.globalUboBinding = -1;
                other.activeVertexInputLocationMask = 0;
                other.activeFragmentOutputLocationMask = 0;
                other.rasterizationProducerStage = ShaderStage::Unknown;
                other.producerOutputComponentCount = 0;
                other.fragmentInputComponentCount = 0;
-                other.fragmentReplacesDepth = false;
-                other.lastUsedFrame = 0;
                return *this;
            }

@@ -227,24 +166,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            }
        };

-        // Notified when the OnFrameBoundary sweep destroys an aged-out cache entry,
-        // carrying the entry's content hash and the VkDescriptorSetLayout it owned.
-        // Dependent caches (compute pipelines, PipelineFactory entries, UniformManager's
-        // per-layout descriptor sets) must purge in the same step: after vkDestroy the
-        // layout handle value may be recycled for an unrelated layout, and the program
-        // hash may be re-inserted by a later rebuild of the same content.
-        class IEvictionObserver {
-        public:
-            virtual ~IEvictionObserver() = default;
-            virtual void OnProgramEvicted(HashType programHash, VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout) = 0;
-        };
-
        explicit ProgramFactory(VkDevice device, const VulkanRendererConfig& config, Uint32 maxBindings = 16,
-                                Bool shaderDrawParametersEnabled = false,
-                                Bool unformattedFloatStorageImagesEnabled = false)
+                                Bool shaderDrawParametersEnabled = false)
            : m_device(device), m_maxBindings(maxBindings), m_config(config),
-              m_shaderDrawParametersEnabled(shaderDrawParametersEnabled),
-              m_unformattedFloatStorageImagesEnabled(unformattedFloatStorageImagesEnabled) {
+              m_shaderDrawParametersEnabled(shaderDrawParametersEnabled) {
            VkProgramObject::s_device = device;
        }
        ~ProgramFactory() = default;
@@ -254,24 +179,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        const VkProgramObject& GetOrCreateProgram(
            const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program, CompileOptionFlags flags);

-        // Observer may be null (no notifications). Not owned.
-        void SetEvictionObserver(IEvictionObserver* observer) { m_evictionObserver = observer; }
-        // Frame boundary hook: ages the program cache and evicts long-unused entries
-        // (their command buffers retired many frames ago), mirroring
-        // VkRenderPassManager::OnPresent's sweep.
-        void OnFrameBoundary();
-
        static VkShaderStageFlagBits ToVkStage(ShaderStage stage);
-        static VkFormat ConvertSpirvImageFormatToVkFormat(SpvImageFormat format);
-        static SamplerNumericDomain UniformTypeToSamplerNumericDomain(GLenum glType);
-        // True when any entry point declares the DepthReplacing execution mode, i.e. the
-        // shader assigns gl_FragDepth. Exposed so the blended depth-write quirk's exemption
-        // can be pinned by tests. A false negative loses the exemption, so such a shader is
-        // stripped conservatively and forfeits its depth write.
-        static Bool ReflectedFragmentReplacesDepth(const SpvReflectShaderModule& reflectModule);
-        // True when an entry point reads the InstanceIndex builtin. Only gates a diagnostic:
-        // without shaderDrawParameters such a shader cannot have gl_InstanceID rebased.
-        static Bool ReflectedReadsInstanceIndexBuiltin(const SpvReflectShaderModule& reflectModule);

    private:
        struct ProgramLookupCache {
@@ -298,13 +206,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // True when the device enabled shaderDrawParameters; gates the InstanceIndex rebase pass
        // (which needs the DrawParameters capability / gl_BaseInstance builtin).
        Bool m_shaderDrawParametersEnabled = false;
-        // True only when the logical device enabled both
-        // shaderStorageImageReadWithoutFormat and shaderStorageImageWriteWithoutFormat.
-        Bool m_unformattedFloatStorageImagesEnabled = false;
        mutable ProgramLookupCache m_lastLookup;
-        // Monotonic frame-boundary counter (bumped in OnFrameBoundary) for cache aging.
-        Uint64 m_frameCounter = 0;
-        IEvictionObserver* m_evictionObserver = nullptr;
        static inline XXH64_state_t* m_hashState = XXH64_createState();
    };
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan
@@ -247,11 +247,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {

        m_surfaceFormat = {createInfo.imageFormat, createInfo.imageColorSpace};
        m_extent = createInfo.imageExtent;
-        // The surface-space extent this swapchain was built from, i.e. before the
-        // quarter-turn swap above. Out-of-date checks must compare in THIS space: comparing a
-        // freshly queried currentExtent against the swapped m_extent flips axes every rotation
-        // and makes the comparison alternate forever.
-        m_surfaceExtent = defaultFramebufferExtent;
        m_preTransform = createInfo.preTransform;

        VK_VERIFY(vkCreateSwapchainKHR(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &m_swapchain));
@@ -262,9 +257,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        m_images.resize(imageCount, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
        VK_VERIFY(vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, m_swapchain, &imageCount, m_images.data()));
        m_imageLayouts.assign(imageCount, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED);
-        // Fresh swapchain images hold garbage until a render pass stores into them.
-        m_imageContentDefined.assign(imageCount, false);
-        m_depthStencilContentDefined.assign(imageCount, false);

        CreateImageViews(device);
        CreateDepthStencilResources(device, physicalDevice);
@@ -436,39 +428,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {

        m_images.clear();
        m_imageLayouts.clear();
-        m_imageContentDefined.clear();
-        m_depthStencilContentDefined.clear();
        m_preTransform = VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY_BIT_KHR;
    }

-    Bool SwapchainObject::IsImageContentDefined(Uint32 index) const {
-        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(index < m_imageContentDefined.size(), "Swapchain image content index out of range");
-        return m_imageContentDefined[index];
-    }
-
-    void SwapchainObject::SetImageContentDefined(Uint32 index, Bool defined) {
-        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(index < m_imageContentDefined.size(), "Swapchain image content index out of range");
-        m_imageContentDefined[index] = defined;
-    }
-
-    Bool SwapchainObject::IsDepthStencilContentDefined(Uint32 index) const {
-        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(index < m_depthStencilContentDefined.size(),
-                        "Swapchain depth/stencil content index out of range");
-        return m_depthStencilContentDefined[index];
-    }
-
-    void SwapchainObject::SetDepthStencilContentDefined(Uint32 index, Bool defined) {
-        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(index < m_depthStencilContentDefined.size(),
-                        "Swapchain depth/stencil content index out of range");
-        m_depthStencilContentDefined[index] = defined;
-    }
-
-    void SwapchainObject::SetAllDepthStencilContentUndefined() {
-        for (SizeT i = 0; i < m_depthStencilContentDefined.size(); ++i) {
-            m_depthStencilContentDefined[i] = false;
-        }
-    }
-
    VkImage SwapchainObject::GetImage(Uint32 index) const {
        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(index < m_images.size(), "Swapchain image index out of range");
        return m_images[index];
@@ -35,9 +35,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        VkSwapchainKHR GetHandle() const { return m_swapchain; }
        const VkSurfaceFormatKHR& GetSurfaceFormat() const { return m_surfaceFormat; }
        VkExtent2D GetExtent() const { return m_extent; }
-        // Surface-space extent (before the pre-rotation quarter-turn swap) this swapchain was
-        // created from - the value to compare a freshly queried currentExtent against.
-        VkExtent2D GetSurfaceExtent() const { return m_surfaceExtent; }
        VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR GetPreTransform() const { return m_preTransform; }
        const Vector<VkImage>& GetImages() const { return m_images; }
        const Vector<VkImageView>& GetImageViews() const { return m_imageViews; }
@@ -52,21 +49,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        void SetImageLayout(Uint32 index, VkImageLayout layout);
        SizeT GetImageCount() const { return m_images.size(); }

-        // EGL content-validity tracking for the default framebuffer. A color
-        // buffer's content is undefined once its image has been presented
-        // (EGL_BUFFER_DESTROYED swap behaviour, the implementation default),
-        // and every ancillary (depth/stencil) buffer's content is undefined
-        // after ANY swap regardless of swap behaviour (EGL 1.5 §3.10.1). The
-        // render-pass manager turns an undefined attachment's tile load into
-        // LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE. Flags start false (a fresh swapchain image holds
-        // garbage) and a render pass storing into an attachment sets it back
-        // to defined.
-        Bool IsImageContentDefined(Uint32 index) const;
-        void SetImageContentDefined(Uint32 index, Bool defined);
-        Bool IsDepthStencilContentDefined(Uint32 index) const;
-        void SetDepthStencilContentDefined(Uint32 index, Bool defined);
-        void SetAllDepthStencilContentUndefined();
-
    private:
        void CreateImageViews(VkDevice device);
        void CreateDepthStencilResources(VkDevice device, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice);
@@ -81,7 +63,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        VkSwapchainKHR m_swapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        VkSurfaceFormatKHR m_surfaceFormat{};
        VkExtent2D m_extent{};
-        VkExtent2D m_surfaceExtent{};
        VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR m_preTransform = VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY_BIT_KHR;
        Vector<VkImage> m_images;
        Vector<VkImageView> m_imageViews;
@@ -92,7 +73,5 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        Vector<VkDeviceMemory> m_depthStencilImageMemories;
        Vector<VkImageView> m_depthStencilImageViews;
        Vector<VkImageLayout> m_depthStencilImageLayouts;
-        Vector<Bool> m_imageContentDefined;
-        Vector<Bool> m_depthStencilContentDefined;
    };
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan
@@ -13,12 +13,10 @@
 #include "MG_State/GLState/ProgramState/ProgramObject.h"
 #include "MG_State/GLState/TextureState/TextureObject2D.h"
 #include "MG_State/GLState/TextureState/TextureObjectBuffer.h"
-#include "MG_Util/Converters/GLToMG/TextureEnumConverter.h"
 #include "MG_Util/Converters/MGToStr/FramebufferEnumConverter.h"
 #include "MG_Util/Converters/MGToVk/TextureEnumConverter.h"
 #include "MG_Util/Metrics/TextureMetrics.h"
 #include <Config.h>
-#include <algorithm>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <cstring>
@@ -80,16 +78,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        return uniformUnit >= 0 ? uniformUnit : 0;
    }

-    VkFormat UniformManager::ResolveStorageImageViewFormat(VkFormat reflectedFormat, GLenum bindingFormat,
-                                                           VkFormat resourceFormat, Bool useBindingFormat) {
-        if (useBindingFormat) {
-            const TextureInternalFormat bindingInternalFormat =
-                MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureInternalFormat(bindingFormat);
-            return MG_Util::ConvertTextureInternalFormatToVkEnum(bindingInternalFormat);
-        }
-        return reflectedFormat != VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED ? reflectedFormat : resourceFormat;
-    }
-
    Bool UniformManager::Initialize(VkDevice device, VkBufferManager* bufferManager,
                                             ProgramFactory* programFactory,
                                             VkDeviceSize minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment, Uint32 frameCount,
@@ -205,7 +193,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // The frame's descriptor sets are recycled above, so last frame's reuse target
        // is gone: start the per-draw descriptor-reuse cache fresh this frame.
        m_hasLastDescriptor = false;
-        m_lastBindValid = false;
        // Re-fingerprint the bound sampler set fresh this frame so any GL object address
        // reuse cannot outlive a single frame (see SamplerResolveMemo).
        for (auto& memo : m_samplerResolveMemo) {
@@ -213,40 +200,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        }
    }

-    void UniformManager::OnDescriptorSetLayoutDestroyed(VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout) {
-        SizeT purgedSets = 0;
-        for (auto& frame : m_frames) {
-            const auto it = frame.descriptorSetCacheByLayout.find(descriptorSetLayout);
-            if (it == frame.descriptorSetCacheByLayout.end()) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            // Free the sets back to their pools and credit the bucket accounting, so
-            // program churn recycles pool capacity instead of abandoning the slots.
-            // GPU-safe: the layout only dies after >1024 idle frame boundaries, so no
-            // in-flight command buffer references these sets.
-            for (const auto& cached : it->second.sets) {
-                if (cached.set == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                vkFreeDescriptorSets(m_device, cached.pool, 1, &cached.set);
-                const auto bucket = std::find_if(
-                    frame.descriptorPools.begin(), frame.descriptorPools.end(),
-                    [&cached](const DescriptorPoolBucket& candidate) { return candidate.handle == cached.pool; });
-                if (bucket != frame.descriptorPools.end() && bucket->allocatedSets > 0) {
-                    --bucket->allocatedSets;
-                }
-            }
-            purgedSets += it->second.sets.size();
-            frame.descriptorSetCacheByLayout.erase(it);
-        }
-        if (purgedSets > 0) {
-            // The per-draw reuse memo folds the layout handle into its signature; drop
-            // it so a recycled handle value cannot revive a purged set mid-frame.
-            m_hasLastDescriptor = false;
-            MGLOG_D("UniformDescriptorBinder: freed %zu descriptor sets for destroyed layout", purgedSets);
-        }
-    }
-
    Bool UniformManager::ResolveSamplerDescriptor(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer,
                                                            const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program,
                                                            const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj,
@@ -323,55 +276,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                            "ResolveSamplerDescriptor: invalid sampled image layout=%d for textureId=%d, binding=%u",
                            static_cast<Int>(resource->layout), texture->GetExternalIndex(), binding);
        }
-
-        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(binding < programObj.samplerNumericDomainByBinding.size(),
-                        "ResolveSamplerDescriptor: sampler numeric-domain binding %u out of range", binding);
-        const SamplerNumericDomain numericDomain = programObj.samplerNumericDomainByBinding[binding];
-        // Vulkan forbids linear filtering and anisotropy for integer sampled-image formats.
-        // Some desktop GL shader packs deliberately bit-read a mutable float texture through a
-        // usampler and still leave the texture's ordinary linear parameters in place; texelFetch
-        // ignores filtering, so a nearest VkSampler preserves the operation while keeping the
-        // descriptor valid.
-        const Bool forceNearestFiltering = numericDomain == SamplerNumericDomain::SignedInteger ||
-                                           numericDomain == SamplerNumericDomain::UnsignedInteger;
-        SamplerResolveMemo* viewFormatMemo =
-            binding < m_samplerResolveMemo.size() ? &m_samplerResolveMemo[binding] : nullptr;
-        VkFormat sampledViewFormat;
-        if (viewFormatMemo != nullptr && viewFormatMemo->viewFormatValid &&
-            viewFormatMemo->viewFormatSource == resource->format &&
-            viewFormatMemo->viewFormatDomain == numericDomain) {
-            sampledViewFormat = viewFormatMemo->viewFormat;
-        } else {
-            sampledViewFormat =
-                VkTextureManager::ResolveSampledImageViewFormat(resource->format, numericDomain);
-            if (viewFormatMemo != nullptr) {
-                viewFormatMemo->viewFormatSource = resource->format;
-                viewFormatMemo->viewFormatDomain = numericDomain;
-                viewFormatMemo->viewFormat = sampledViewFormat;
-                viewFormatMemo->viewFormatValid = true;
-            }
-        }
-        if (sampledViewFormat == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {
-            MGLOG_E("ResolveSamplerDescriptor: no compatible sampled view for binding=%u ('%s') "
-                    "textureId=%d imageFormat=%d numericDomain=%d",
-                    binding, programObj.samplerNameByBinding[binding].c_str(), texture->GetExternalIndex(),
-                    static_cast<Int>(resource->format), static_cast<Int>(numericDomain));
-            return false;
-        }
-        // No reinterpretation requested: bind the depth-or-color aspect view the sync above
-        // already produced instead of re-entering GetOrCreateSampledImageView's sync path.
-        const VkImageView sampledImageView =
-            sampledViewFormat == resource->format
-                ? resource->sampledView
-                : m_textureManager->GetOrCreateSampledImageView(*texture, sampledViewFormat);
-        if (sampledImageView == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-            MGLOG_E("ResolveSamplerDescriptor: failed to resolve sampled view for binding=%u ('%s') "
-                    "textureId=%d imageFormat=%d viewFormat=%d numericDomain=%d",
-                    binding, programObj.samplerNameByBinding[binding].c_str(), texture->GetExternalIndex(),
-                    static_cast<Int>(resource->format), static_cast<Int>(sampledViewFormat),
-                    static_cast<Int>(numericDomain));
-            return false;
-        }
        // Skip GetOrCreateSampler's per-draw key hash + map lookup when this binding's
        // sampler object and texture (both by lifetime id + version) are unchanged from the
        // last draw that resolved it: the resulting sampler key, and therefore the VkSampler
@@ -386,32 +290,24 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            const Uint16 samplerVersion = samplerToUse->GetVersion();
            const Uint64 textureLifetimeId = texture->GetLifetimeId();
            const Uint16 textureParamsVersion = texture->GetTextureParamsVersion();
-            // The sampler's LOD clamp depends on how many levels the sampled view exposes, and that
-            // follows uploads as well as GL parameters - so it belongs in the memo key too.
-            const Uint32 viewLevelCount = resource->sampledLevelCount;
            if (memo.valid && memo.samplerLifetimeId == samplerLifetimeId && memo.samplerVersion == samplerVersion &&
-                memo.textureLifetimeId == textureLifetimeId && memo.textureParamsVersion == textureParamsVersion &&
-                memo.forceNearestFiltering == forceNearestFiltering && memo.viewLevelCount == viewLevelCount) {
+                memo.textureLifetimeId == textureLifetimeId && memo.textureParamsVersion == textureParamsVersion) {
                resolvedSampler = memo.sampler;
            } else {
-                resolvedSampler = m_samplerManager->GetOrCreateSampler(*samplerToUse, *texture,
-                                                                       forceNearestFiltering, viewLevelCount);
+                resolvedSampler = m_samplerManager->GetOrCreateSampler(*samplerToUse, *texture);
                memo.samplerLifetimeId = samplerLifetimeId;
                memo.samplerVersion = samplerVersion;
                memo.textureLifetimeId = textureLifetimeId;
                memo.textureParamsVersion = textureParamsVersion;
-                memo.forceNearestFiltering = forceNearestFiltering;
-                memo.viewLevelCount = viewLevelCount;
                memo.sampler = resolvedSampler;
                memo.valid = true;
            }
        } else {
-            resolvedSampler = m_samplerManager->GetOrCreateSampler(*samplerToUse, *texture, forceNearestFiltering,
-                                                                   resource->sampledLevelCount);
+            resolvedSampler = m_samplerManager->GetOrCreateSampler(*samplerToUse, *texture);
        }
        outImageInfo = {
            .sampler = resolvedSampler,
-            .imageView = sampledImageView,
+            .imageView = resource->sampledView != VK_NULL_HANDLE ? resource->sampledView : resource->fullView,
            .imageLayout = resource->layout,
        };
        return outImageInfo.sampler != VK_NULL_HANDLE;
@@ -448,48 +344,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        return outImageInfo.sampler != VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }

-    Bool UniformManager::ProgramSamplesOnlySingleLevelTextures(
-        const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program, const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj) {
-        Bool sawSampler = false;
-        for (Uint32 binding = 0; binding < programObj.bindingKinds.size(); ++binding) {
-            if (programObj.bindingKinds[binding] != ProgramFactory::DescriptorBindingKind::CombinedImageSampler) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            const auto* texture = ResolveSamplerTextureRaw(program, programObj, binding);
-            if (texture == nullptr) return false;
-            const auto& levelRange = texture->GetLevelRange();
-            if (levelRange.x() != levelRange.y()) return false;
-
-            // An explicit-LOD sample is a single filtered tap, so it also gives up anisotropic
-            // filtering - which a single-level view can still have. Resolve the sampler exactly
-            // the way ResolveSamplerDescriptor does and bail if anisotropy would apply.
-            const Int location = programObj.samplerUniformLocationByBinding[binding];
-            const Int unit = ResolveSamplerUnitIndex(program, location, binding);
-            const auto& samplerOverride = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTextureUnitObject(unit).GetSamplerObject();
-            const auto* effectiveSampler =
-                samplerOverride ? samplerOverride.get() : texture->GetSamplerObject().get();
-            if (effectiveSampler == nullptr) return false;
-            if (effectiveSampler->GetMaxAnisotropy() > 1.0f &&
-                effectiveSampler->GetMinFilter() == SamplerFilterMode::Linear &&
-                effectiveSampler->GetMagFilter() == SamplerFilterMode::Linear) {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            // An explicit LOD 0 makes lambda exactly 0, which is the magnification side of the
-            // min/mag decision. That only matches the implicit form when lambda could not have been
-            // positive anyway (the LOD clamp already pins it at or below 0), or when the two
-            // filters are the same and the choice cannot be observed.
-            const Float effectiveMaxLod = effectiveSampler->GetMipmapMode() == SamplerMipmapMode::None
-                                              ? 0.0f
-                                              : effectiveSampler->GetMaxLod();
-            if (effectiveMaxLod > 0.0f && effectiveSampler->GetMinFilter() != effectiveSampler->GetMagFilter()) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            sawSampler = true;
-        }
-        return sawSampler;
-    }
-
    Bool UniformManager::ResolveSamplerTexture(const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program,
                                                         const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj, Uint32 binding,
                                                         SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& outTexture) {
@@ -506,12 +360,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        auto& textureUnit = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTextureUnitObject(unit);
        const TextureTarget preferredTarget = programObj.samplerTextureTargetByBinding[binding];
        outTexture = textureUnit.GetBindingSlot(preferredTarget).GetBoundObject();
-        // The slot always holds at least the target's default texture (name 0). While that
-        // default has no image it is unsampleable; report it as "unbound" so callers keep
-        // taking their fallback paths instead of trying to sync a storage-less texture.
-        if (MG_State::GLState::IsUndefinedDefaultTexture(outTexture.get())) {
-            outTexture.reset();
-        }

        return true;
    }
@@ -532,15 +380,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        const TextureTarget preferredTarget = programObj.samplerTextureTargetByBinding[binding];
        // GetBoundObject() returns the SharedPtr by const ref; .get() reads the pointer without
        // touching the refcount (no atomic inc/dec per binding per draw).
-        MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture =
-            textureUnit.GetBindingSlot(preferredTarget).GetBoundObject().get();
-        // The slot always holds at least the target's default texture (name 0). While that
-        // default has no image it is unsampleable; report it as "unbound" so the caller
-        // substitutes its fallback texture exactly like it did for the old null slot.
-        if (MG_State::GLState::IsUndefinedDefaultTexture(texture)) {
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-        return texture;
+        return textureUnit.GetBindingSlot(preferredTarget).GetBoundObject().get();
    }

    Bool UniformManager::ResolveTexelBufferDescriptor(const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program,
@@ -718,32 +558,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        }

        const Uint32 mipLevel = static_cast<Uint32>(std::max<GLint>(0, imageBinding.Level));
-        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(binding < programObj.storageImageFormatByBinding.size(),
-                        "ResolveStorageImageDescriptor: storage image format binding %u out of range", binding);
-        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(binding < programObj.storageImageUsesBindingFormatByBinding.size(),
-                        "ResolveStorageImageDescriptor: storage image format policy binding %u out of range",
-                        binding);
-        const VkFormat reflectedFormat = programObj.storageImageFormatByBinding[binding];
-        const Bool useBindingFormat = programObj.storageImageUsesBindingFormatByBinding[binding];
-        const VkFormat viewFormat = ResolveStorageImageViewFormat(
-            reflectedFormat, imageBinding.Format, resource->format, useBindingFormat);
-        if (viewFormat == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {
-            MGLOG_E("ResolveStorageImageDescriptor: unsupported glBindImageTexture format=0x%x "
-                    "for binding=%u imageUnit=%d textureId=%d bindingPolicy=%s",
-                    imageBinding.Format, binding, imageUnit, imageBinding.Texture->GetExternalIndex(),
-                    useBindingFormat ? "true" : "false");
-            return false;
-        }
-        const VkImageView view = m_textureManager->GetOrCreateStorageImageView(
-            *imageBinding.Texture, mipLevel, viewFormat, imageBinding.Layered != GL_FALSE, imageBinding.Layer);
+        VkImageView view = m_textureManager->GetOrCreateViewAtMipLevel(*imageBinding.Texture, mipLevel);
        if (view == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-            MGLOG_E("ResolveStorageImageDescriptor: failed to resolve storage view textureId=%d mip=%u "
-                    "bindingFormat=0x%x imageFormat=%d reflectedFormat=%d selectedFormat=%d bindingPolicy=%s",
-                    imageBinding.Texture->GetExternalIndex(), mipLevel, imageBinding.Format,
-                    static_cast<Int>(resource->format), static_cast<Int>(reflectedFormat),
-                    static_cast<Int>(viewFormat),
-                    useBindingFormat ? "true" : "false");
-            return false;
+            view = resource->fullView;
        }
        outImageInfo.sampler = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        outImageInfo.imageView = view;
@@ -782,15 +599,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {

            MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture = ResolveSamplerTextureRaw(program, programObj, binding);
            if (!texture) {
-                // ResolveSamplerDescriptor will substitute the fallback texture for this binding;
-                // include it in the sampled set so the pre-render-pass sync/transition pass covers
-                // its first use instead of leaving that work to happen inside an active pass.
-                const TextureTarget preferredTarget = programObj.samplerTextureTargetByBinding[binding];
-                if (preferredTarget != TextureTarget::Texture2D &&
-                    preferredTarget != TextureTarget::TextureRectangle) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                texture = GetFallbackTexture(preferredTarget).get();
+                continue;
            }

            auto found = std::find(outTextures.begin(), outTextures.end(), texture);
@@ -801,53 +610,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        return true;
    }

-    Bool UniformManager::CollectStorageImageTextures(
-        const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program,
-        const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj,
-        Vector<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject*>& outTextures) const {
-        outTextures.clear();
-        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(MG_State::pGLContext != nullptr,
-                        "CollectStorageImageTextures: GL context is null");
-
-        const Uint32 bindingCount =
-            std::min<Uint32>(m_maxBindings, static_cast<Uint32>(programObj.bindingKinds.size()));
-        for (Uint32 binding = 0; binding < bindingCount; ++binding) {
-            if (programObj.bindingKinds[binding] != ProgramFactory::DescriptorBindingKind::StorageImage) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (binding >= programObj.samplerUniformLocationByBinding.size()) {
-                MGLOG_E("CollectStorageImageTextures: binding %u has no uniform-location mapping", binding);
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            const Int location = programObj.samplerUniformLocationByBinding[binding];
-            if (location < 0) {
-                MGLOG_E("CollectStorageImageTextures: binding %u has no image uniform location", binding);
-                return false;
-            }
-            const Int imageUnit = program.GetUniformSamplerOrImageUnitIndex(static_cast<Uint>(location));
-            if (imageUnit < 0 || imageUnit >= MG_State::GLState::TextureState::MAX_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS) {
-                MGLOG_E("CollectStorageImageTextures: image unit %d is invalid for binding %u",
-                        imageUnit, binding);
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            auto* texture = MG_State::pGLContext->GetImageTextureBinding(imageUnit).Texture.get();
-            if (texture == nullptr) {
-                MGLOG_E("CollectStorageImageTextures: image unit %d is unbound for binding %u",
-                        imageUnit, binding);
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (std::find(outTextures.begin(), outTextures.end(), texture) == outTextures.end()) {
-                outTextures.push_back(texture);
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
    Bool UniformManager::ResolveUniformBufferPayload(const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program,
                                                     const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj, Uint32 binding,
-                                                     Uint32 arrayElement, UboBindResult& out) const {
+                                                     UboBindResult& out) const {
        const void* outData = nullptr;
        VkDeviceSize outSize = 0;

@@ -873,19 +638,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {

        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(binding < programObj.uniformBlockIndexByBinding.size(),
                        "ResolveUniformBufferPayload: UBO mapping binding %u out of range", binding);
-        Int blockIndex = programObj.uniformBlockIndexByBinding[binding];
-        if (arrayElement > 0) {
-            const auto arrayIt = programObj.arrayedUniformBlockIndicesByBinding.find(binding);
-            const Bool elementValid = arrayIt != programObj.arrayedUniformBlockIndicesByBinding.end() &&
-                                      arrayElement < arrayIt->second.size();
-            MOBILEGL_ASSERT(elementValid,
-                            "ResolveUniformBufferPayload: UBO binding %u has no array element %u", binding,
-                            arrayElement);
-            if (!elementValid) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            blockIndex = arrayIt->second[arrayElement];
-        }
+        const Int blockIndex = programObj.uniformBlockIndexByBinding[binding];
        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(blockIndex >= 0,
                        "ResolveUniformBufferPayload: no uniform block mapped to descriptor binding %u", binding);

@@ -993,11 +746,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {

        VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo poolInfo{};
        poolInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
-        // FREE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BIT lets a destroyed layout's cached sets be freed back
-        // (OnDescriptorSetLayoutDestroyed) so program churn recycles pool capacity.
-        // The cost is on set allocation only, which happens when a layout's per-frame
-        // cache grows - never on the per-draw reuse path.
-        poolInfo.flags = VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_FREE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BIT;
        poolInfo.maxSets = maxSets;
        poolInfo.poolSizeCount = static_cast<Uint32>(std::size(poolSizes));
        poolInfo.pPoolSizes = poolSizes;
@@ -1077,7 +825,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        auto& frame = m_frames[frameIndex];
        auto& cache = frame.descriptorSetCacheByLayout[programObj.descriptorSetLayout];
        if (cache.cursor < cache.sets.size()) {
-            outDescriptorSet = cache.sets[cache.cursor++].set;
+            outDescriptorSet = cache.sets[cache.cursor++];
        } else {
            VkResult allocResult = AllocateDescriptorSetsFromActivePool(frameIndex, programObj, outDescriptorSet);
            if (allocResult == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_POOL_MEMORY || allocResult == VK_ERROR_FRAGMENTED_POOL) {
@@ -1091,9 +839,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                return allocResult;
            }

-            // The successful allocation came from the bucket the alloc helper left
-            // active; record it so a layout-destroyed purge can free the set back.
-            cache.sets.push_back({outDescriptorSet, frame.descriptorPools[frame.activeDescriptorPoolIndex].handle});
+            cache.sets.push_back(outDescriptorSet);
            ++cache.cursor;
            MGLOG_D("UniformDescriptorBinder: cached descriptor set count for frame=%u grew to %zu", frameIndex,
                    cache.sets.size());
@@ -1139,17 +885,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        imageInfos.clear();
        texelBufferViews.clear();
        dynamicOffsets.clear();
-        // Arrayed UBO bindings contribute extra buffer infos and dynamic offsets; reserve for
-        // the worst case so the pBufferInfo pointers taken below never dangle on reallocation.
-        Uint32 uboArrayExtra = 0;
-        for (const auto& arrayEntry : programObj.arrayedUniformBlockIndicesByBinding) {
-            uboArrayExtra += static_cast<Uint32>(arrayEntry.second.size()) - 1u;
-        }
        writes.reserve(m_maxBindings);
-        bufferInfos.reserve(m_maxBindings + uboArrayExtra);
+        bufferInfos.reserve(m_maxBindings);
        imageInfos.reserve(m_maxBindings);
        texelBufferViews.reserve(m_maxBindings);
-        dynamicOffsets.reserve(programObj.dynamicBindings.size() + uboArrayExtra);
+        dynamicOffsets.reserve(programObj.dynamicBindings.size());

        const Uint32 bindingCount =
            std::min<Uint32>(m_maxBindings, static_cast<Uint32>(programObj.bindingKinds.size()));
@@ -1167,82 +907,40 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            write.descriptorCount = 1;

            if (kind == ProgramFactory::DescriptorBindingKind::UniformBufferDynamic) {
-                const Uint32 descriptorCount =
-                    binding < programObj.bindingDescriptorCounts.size()
-                        ? std::max<Uint32>(1, programObj.bindingDescriptorCounts[binding])
-                        : 1u;
-                const SizeT firstBufferInfoIndex = bufferInfos.size();
-                for (Uint32 element = 0; element < descriptorCount; ++element) {
-                    UboBindResult ubo{};
-                    const Bool hasPayload =
-                        ResolveUniformBufferPayload(program, programObj, binding, element, ubo);
-                    MOBILEGL_ASSERT(hasPayload && ubo.payload != nullptr && ubo.payloadSize > 0,
-                                    "UniformDescriptorBinder::BindProgramUniformBuffers failed: missing UBO payload on binding %u element %u",
-                                    binding, element);
+                UboBindResult ubo{};
+                const Bool hasPayload = ResolveUniformBufferPayload(program, programObj, binding, ubo);
+                MOBILEGL_ASSERT(hasPayload && ubo.payload != nullptr && ubo.payloadSize > 0,
+                                "UniformDescriptorBinder::BindProgramUniformBuffers failed: missing UBO payload on binding %u",
+                                binding);

-                    VkDescriptorBufferInfo bufferInfo{};
-                    // Keep offset 0 (sub-range selected via the dynamic offset) so the hashed bufferInfo
-                    // is stable across draws and the descriptor-set reuse cache keeps hitting.
-                    bufferInfo.offset = 0;
-                    Uint32 dynOffset;
-                    if (ubo.directBindable) {
-                        // Zero-copy: bind the app's resident VkBuffer directly, no per-draw memcpy.
-                        bufferInfo.buffer = ubo.buffer;
-                        bufferInfo.range = ubo.range;
-                        dynOffset = static_cast<Uint32>(ubo.dynamicOffset);
-                    } else {
-                        // Global-UBO slice reuse (see GlobalUboSliceMemo): unchanged
-                        // uniform bytes re-use the slice already uploaded this frame.
-                        const Bool isGlobalUbo =
-                            programObj.globalUboBinding == static_cast<Int>(binding) && element == 0;
-                        const Uint64 uboFrameSerial = m_bufferManager->GetFrameSerial();
-                        const Uint64 uboProgramLifetimeId = program.GetLifetimeId();
-                        const Uint32 uboContentVersion = program.GetUBOContentVersion();
-                        Bool reusedSlice = false;
-                        if (isGlobalUbo) {
-                            for (const auto& memo : m_globalUboMemo) {
-                                if (memo.buffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE &&
-                                    memo.programLifetimeId == uboProgramLifetimeId &&
-                                    memo.frameSerial == uboFrameSerial &&
-                                    memo.uboContentVersion == uboContentVersion &&
-                                    memo.range == static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(ubo.payloadSize)) {
-                                    bufferInfo.buffer = memo.buffer;
-                                    bufferInfo.range = memo.range;
-                                    dynOffset = static_cast<Uint32>(memo.offset);
-                                    reusedSlice = true;
-                                    break;
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                        if (!reusedSlice) {
-                            BufferSlice slice{};
-                            if (!m_bufferManager->UploadTransient(BufferKind::Uniform, frameIndex, ubo.payload,
-                                                                  ubo.payloadSize, m_minDynamicOffsetAlignment, slice)) {
-                                MOBILEGL_ASSERT(false, "UniformDescriptorBinder::BindProgramUniformBuffers failed: UBO upload failed on binding %u element %u",
-                                        binding, element);
-                                return false;
-                            }
-                            bufferInfo.buffer = slice.buffer;
-                            bufferInfo.range = ubo.payloadSize;
-                            dynOffset = static_cast<Uint32>(slice.offset);
-                            if (isGlobalUbo) {
-                                m_globalUboMemo[m_globalUboMemoNext] = GlobalUboSliceMemo{
-                                    uboProgramLifetimeId, uboFrameSerial, uboContentVersion,
-                                    slice.buffer, slice.offset, static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(ubo.payloadSize)};
-                                m_globalUboMemoNext = (m_globalUboMemoNext + 1) % kGlobalUboMemoSize;
-                            }
-                        }
+                VkDescriptorBufferInfo bufferInfo{};
+                // Keep offset 0 (sub-range selected via the dynamic offset) so the hashed bufferInfo
+                // is stable across draws and the descriptor-set reuse cache keeps hitting.
+                bufferInfo.offset = 0;
+                Uint32 dynOffset;
+                if (ubo.directBindable) {
+                    // Zero-copy: bind the app's resident VkBuffer directly, no per-draw memcpy.
+                    bufferInfo.buffer = ubo.buffer;
+                    bufferInfo.range = ubo.range;
+                    dynOffset = static_cast<Uint32>(ubo.dynamicOffset);
+                } else {
+                    BufferSlice slice{};
+                    if (!m_bufferManager->UploadTransient(BufferKind::Uniform, frameIndex, ubo.payload,
+                                                          ubo.payloadSize, m_minDynamicOffsetAlignment, slice)) {
+                        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(false, "UniformDescriptorBinder::BindProgramUniformBuffers failed: UBO upload failed on binding %u",
+                                binding);
+                        return false;
                    }
-                    bufferInfos.push_back(bufferInfo);
-                    // Dynamic offsets are consumed in binding order, then array element order,
-                    // matching Vulkan's dynamic-offset consumption rules.
-                    dynamicOffsets.push_back(dynOffset);
+                    bufferInfo.buffer = slice.buffer;
+                    bufferInfo.range = ubo.payloadSize;
+                    dynOffset = static_cast<Uint32>(slice.offset);
                }
+                bufferInfos.push_back(bufferInfo);

                write.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC;
-                write.descriptorCount = descriptorCount;
-                write.pBufferInfo = &bufferInfos[firstBufferInfoIndex];
+                write.pBufferInfo = &bufferInfos.back();
                writes.push_back(write);
+                dynamicOffsets.push_back(dynOffset);
            } else if (kind == ProgramFactory::DescriptorBindingKind::UniformTexelBuffer) {
                VkBufferView bufferView = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
                if (!ResolveTexelBufferDescriptor(program, programObj, binding, frameIndex, bufferView) ||
@@ -1370,34 +1068,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            m_hasLastDescriptor = cacheable;
        }

-        // Skip the driver call when this exact binding is already live on the
-        // command buffer (see the bind-dedup shadow in the header).
-        const Uint32 offsetCount = static_cast<Uint32>(dynamicOffsets.size());
-        Bool identicalBind = m_lastBindValid && m_lastBindSet == descriptorSet &&
-                             m_lastBindLayout == programObj.pipelineLayout && m_lastBindPoint == bindPoint &&
-                             m_lastBindOffsetCount == offsetCount && offsetCount <= kMaxShadowedDynamicOffsets;
-        if (identicalBind) {
-            for (Uint32 i = 0; i < offsetCount; ++i) {
-                if (m_lastBindOffsets[i] != dynamicOffsets[i]) {
-                    identicalBind = false;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if (!identicalBind) {
-            vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(commandBuffer, bindPoint, programObj.pipelineLayout, 0, 1,
-                                    &descriptorSet, offsetCount, dynamicOffsets.data());
-            if (offsetCount <= kMaxShadowedDynamicOffsets) {
-                m_lastBindValid = true;
-                m_lastBindSet = descriptorSet;
-                m_lastBindLayout = programObj.pipelineLayout;
-                m_lastBindPoint = bindPoint;
-                m_lastBindOffsetCount = offsetCount;
-                std::copy_n(dynamicOffsets.data(), offsetCount, m_lastBindOffsets);
-            } else {
-                m_lastBindValid = false;
-            }
-        }
+        vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(commandBuffer, bindPoint, programObj.pipelineLayout, 0, 1,
+                                &descriptorSet, static_cast<Uint32>(dynamicOffsets.size()), dynamicOffsets.data());
        return true;
    }
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan
@@ -39,26 +39,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        void Shutdown();

        void BeginFrame(Uint32 frameIndex);
-        // A command buffer (re)began recording: descriptor bindings recorded into
-        // the previous buffer do not carry over, so drop the bind-dedup shadow.
-        void OnCommandBufferBoundary() { m_lastBindValid = false; }
-        // A ProgramFactory eviction just destroyed this layout: purge every frame
-        // slot's cached descriptor sets for it, so a recycled handle value can never
-        // stale-hit sets written for the dead layout's bindings. The sets are
-        // vkFreeDescriptorSets'd back to their pools (created with
-        // FREE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BIT) and the pool accounting is credited, so program
-        // churn recycles pool capacity instead of abandoning it. GPU-safe: the layout
-        // only dies after >1024 idle frame boundaries, so no in-flight command buffer
-        // references its sets. This is the only eviction path for the per-layout
-        // caches - a live layout's entry must never be purged (its sets would be
-        // unreachable pool slots), so there is deliberately no age-based sweep here.
-        void OnDescriptorSetLayoutDestroyed(VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout);
        Bool CollectSampledTextures(const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program,
                                    const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj,
                                    Vector<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject*>& outTextures);
-        Bool CollectStorageImageTextures(const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program,
-                                         const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj,
-                                         Vector<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject*>& outTextures) const;
        Bool BindProgramUniformBuffers(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer,
                                       const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program,
                                       const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj,
@@ -66,22 +49,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                                       VkPipelineBindPoint bindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
                                       const SamplerBindingOverride* samplerBindingOverride = nullptr);

-        // Pure format-policy helper kept public for host regression tests. Formatted storage
-        // images use their shader qualifier; transformed float images use glBindImageTexture's
-        // format and never silently fall back to the backing image format.
-        static VkFormat ResolveStorageImageViewFormat(VkFormat reflectedFormat, GLenum bindingFormat,
-                                                      VkFormat resourceFormat, Bool useBindingFormat);
-
-        // True when the program reads at least one sampler and every one of them is bound to a
-        // texture whose GL level range is a single level. Such a sampler resolves to
-        // minLod = maxLod = 0 (see VkSamplerManager::GetOrCreateSampler), so an implicit-LOD sample
-        // and an explicit LOD 0 sample must read the same texel - which is what makes the
-        // ExplicitLod0Sampling SPIR-V rewrite safe to request. Deliberately conservative: it reads
-        // only GL state, so a texture that ends up single-level for another reason (one uploaded
-        // level under a wide level range) merely misses the rewrite.
-        static Bool ProgramSamplesOnlySingleLevelTextures(const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program,
-                                                          const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj);
-
    private:
        struct DescriptorPoolBucket {
            VkDescriptorPool handle = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
@@ -89,16 +56,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            Uint32 allocatedSets = 0;
        };

-        // A cached descriptor set together with the pool it was allocated from, so a
-        // layout-destroyed purge can vkFreeDescriptorSets it back and credit the
-        // owning bucket's accounting.
-        struct CachedDescriptorSet {
-            VkDescriptorSet set = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            VkDescriptorPool pool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-        };
-
        struct DescriptorSetCacheEntry {
-            Vector<CachedDescriptorSet> sets;
+            Vector<VkDescriptorSet> sets;
            Uint32 cursor = 0;
        };

@@ -148,7 +107,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        };
        Bool ResolveUniformBufferPayload(const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program,
                                         const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj, Uint32 binding,
-                                         Uint32 arrayElement, UboBindResult& out) const;
+                                         UboBindResult& out) const;
        Bool CreateDescriptorPool(Uint32 maxSets, VkDescriptorPool& outPool) const;
        Bool GrowFrameDescriptorPool(FrameResources& frame, Uint32 frameIndex);
        VkResult AllocateDescriptorSetsFromActivePool(
@@ -188,35 +147,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        Uint64 m_lastDescriptorSignature = 0;
        Bool m_hasLastDescriptor = false;

-        // vkCmdBindDescriptorSets dedup: consecutive draws with a static uniform
-        // block resolve to the same set AND the same dynamic offsets, so the
-        // driver call can be skipped outright. Command-buffer-scope state; reset
-        // via OnCommandBufferBoundary whenever a recording (re)begins. Keyed on
-        // layout+bind point, so a pipeline-layout switch always rebinds.
-        static constexpr Uint32 kMaxShadowedDynamicOffsets = 8;
-        Bool m_lastBindValid = false;
-        VkDescriptorSet m_lastBindSet = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-        VkPipelineLayout m_lastBindLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-        VkPipelineBindPoint m_lastBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
-        Uint32 m_lastBindOffsetCount = 0;
-        Uint32 m_lastBindOffsets[kMaxShadowedDynamicOffsets] = {};
-
-        // Global-UBO transient-slice reuse: MC leaves the default uniform block
-        // untouched across long GUI/terrain runs, so the per-draw re-upload of
-        // the same bytes can reuse the slice uploaded earlier THIS frame (frame
-        // serial guards arena recycling; the content version guards writes).
-        struct GlobalUboSliceMemo {
-            Uint64 programLifetimeId = 0;
-            Uint64 frameSerial = 0;
-            Uint32 uboContentVersion = 0;
-            VkBuffer buffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            VkDeviceSize offset = 0;
-            VkDeviceSize range = 0;
-        };
-        static constexpr Uint32 kGlobalUboMemoSize = 4;
-        GlobalUboSliceMemo m_globalUboMemo[kGlobalUboMemoSize];
-        Uint32 m_globalUboMemoNext = 0;
-
        // Per-binding fast path over VkSamplerManager's content-hashed sampler cache, which
        // stays the source of truth: its key hashes all sampler+texture state, so two distinct
        // sampler objects with identical state still resolve to one VkSampler. This memo only
@@ -233,19 +163,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            Uint64 samplerLifetimeId = 0;
            Uint64 textureLifetimeId = 0;
            VkSampler sampler = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            Uint32 viewLevelCount = 0;
            Uint16 samplerVersion = 0;
            Uint16 textureParamsVersion = 0;
-            Bool forceNearestFiltering = false;
            Bool valid = false;
-            // ResolveSampledImageViewFormat is pure in (image format, numeric domain), but a
-            // domain mismatch walks a ~184-entry format table. Memo the resolution per binding
-            // so a reinterpreted sampler pays that scan once, not once per draw.
-            VkFormat viewFormatSource = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
-            SamplerNumericDomain viewFormatDomain = SamplerNumericDomain::Unknown;
-            VkFormat viewFormat = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
-            Bool viewFormatValid = false;
        };
        mutable Vector<SamplerResolveMemo> m_samplerResolveMemo;
    };
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan
+
@@ -32,13 +32,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attr.IsBgra, sizeof(attr.IsBgra)));
            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attr.Divisor, sizeof(attr.Divisor)));

-            // The buffer's heap address is an identity component of the key: a freed
-            // buffer's reused address can alias an old cache entry, but only under a
-            // byte-identical attribute layout - and the entry payload is a pure function
-            // of the hashed inputs, with the draw path re-resolving bindingBufferKeys
-            // against the live VAO attribute pointers, so an aliased hit returns exactly
-            // what a rebuild would. Address drift only grows the map; the OnFrameBoundary
-            // aging sweep bounds that.
            const SizeT bufferKey = reinterpret_cast<SizeT>(attr.Buffer.get());
            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &bufferKey, sizeof(bufferKey)));
        }
@@ -58,27 +51,14 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {

    const VertexInputStateFactory::BackendVertexInputState& VertexInputStateFactory::GetOrCreateVertexInputState(
        const MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject& vao) {
-        // Per-draw fast path: the VAO carries a pointer to its resolved entry,
-        // valid while its config version and the cache's eviction epoch both
-        // match - no re-hash, no map lookup.
-        const void* memoState = nullptr;
-        Uint64 memoEpoch = 0;
-        if (vao.GetBackendStateMemo(memoState, memoEpoch) && memoEpoch == m_evictionEpoch) {
-            const auto* entry = static_cast<const BackendVertexInputState*>(memoState);
-            entry->lastUsedFrameBoundary = m_frameBoundaryCounter;
-            return *entry;
-        }
-        const BackendVertexInputState& entry = GetOrCreateVertexInputState(vao, GetOrComputeHash(vao));
-        vao.SetBackendStateMemo(&entry, m_evictionEpoch);
-        return entry;
+        return GetOrCreateVertexInputState(vao, GetOrComputeHash(vao));
    }

    const VertexInputStateFactory::BackendVertexInputState& VertexInputStateFactory::GetOrCreateVertexInputState(
        const MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject& vao, HashType hash) {
        auto it = m_cache.find(hash);
        if (it != m_cache.end()) {
-            it->second->lastUsedFrameBoundary = m_frameBoundaryCounter;
-            return *it->second;
+            return it->second;
        }

        VertexInputStateBuilder builder;
@@ -86,7 +66,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        Vector<SizeT> bindingBaseOffsets;
        Vector<Uint32> bindingAttributeLocations;
        Vector<Bool> bindingUsesClientMemory;
-        Vector<VertexStreamConversion> bindingConversions;
        Uint32 unsupportedAttribMask = 0;

        for (Uint32 location = 0; location < MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject::MAX_VERTEX_ATTRIBS; ++location) {
@@ -95,9 +74,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                continue;
            }

-            const VkFormat sourceVkFormat =
-                ToVkVertexFormat(attr.Type, attr.Size, attr.Normalized, attr.IsInteger, attr.IsBgra);
-            if (sourceVkFormat == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {
+            const auto vkFormat = ToVkVertexFormat(attr.Type, attr.Size, attr.Normalized, attr.IsInteger, attr.IsBgra);
+            if (vkFormat == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {
                MGLOG_E("Unsupported vertex attribute layout (location=%u, type=%s, size=%d): the array is "
                        "enabled but cannot be mapped to a VkFormat",
                        location, MG_Util::ConvertDataTypeToString(attr.Type).c_str(), attr.Size);
@@ -105,33 +83,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                continue;
            }

-            VkFormat vkFormat = sourceVkFormat;
-            VertexStreamConversion conversion = VertexStreamConversion::None;
-            if (!SupportsVertexBufferFormat(vkFormat)) {
-                if (IsScaledIntegerVertexFormat(vkFormat)) {
-                    const VkFormat fallbackFormat = ToFloat32VertexFormat(attr.Size);
-                    if (fallbackFormat != VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED && SupportsVertexBufferFormat(fallbackFormat)) {
-                        vkFormat = fallbackFormat;
-                        conversion = VertexStreamConversion::ScaledIntegerToFloat32;
-                        MGLOG_W("Vertex attribute location=%u format=%d lacks "
-                                "VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT; using float32 stream format=%d "
-                                "(type=%s size=%d normalized=%s integer=%s)",
-                                location, static_cast<Int>(sourceVkFormat), static_cast<Int>(vkFormat),
-                                MG_Util::ConvertDataTypeToString(attr.Type).c_str(), attr.Size,
-                                attr.Normalized ? "true" : "false", attr.IsInteger ? "true" : "false");
-                    }
-                }
-
-                if (conversion == VertexStreamConversion::None) {
-                    MGLOG_E("Unsupported Vulkan vertex format (location=%u, format=%d, type=%s, size=%d): "
-                            "VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT is unavailable and no semantic fallback exists",
-                            location, static_cast<Int>(sourceVkFormat),
-                            MG_Util::ConvertDataTypeToString(attr.Type).c_str(), attr.Size);
-                    unsupportedAttribMask |= (1u << location);
-                    continue;
-                }
-            }
-
            const SizeT attribByteSize = GetAttributeByteSize(attr.Type, attr.Size, attr.IsBgra);
            if (attribByteSize == 0) {
                MGLOG_E("Vertex attribute with unknown component size (location=%u, type=%s): the array is "
@@ -141,33 +92,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                continue;
            }

-            const Uint32 sourceStride =
+            const Uint32 stride =
                attr.Stride > 0 ? static_cast<Uint32>(attr.Stride) : static_cast<Uint32>(attribByteSize);
-            const Bool packedAttribute = attr.Type == DataType::Int2101010Rev ||
-                                         attr.Type == DataType::Uint2101010Rev;
-            const SizeT requiredAlignment = packedAttribute ? attribByteSize : GetComponentSize(attr.Type);
-            // For a client-memory array attr.Offset holds the raw client pointer, and the
-            // draw path re-uploads the data to a 16-aligned transient slice with attribute
-            // offset 0, so only the stride can violate Vulkan's fetch alignment there.
-            const Bool clientMemoryAttribute = attr.Buffer == nullptr;
-            if (conversion == VertexStreamConversion::None && requiredAlignment > 1 &&
-                ((sourceStride % requiredAlignment) != 0 ||
-                 (!clientMemoryAttribute && (attr.Offset % requiredAlignment) != 0))) {
-                // GL accepts arbitrary byte strides and offsets. Core Vulkan vertex fetches do not
-                // unless VK_EXT_legacy_vertex_attributes is available, so deinterleave this one
-                // attribute into a tightly packed transient stream without changing its format.
-                conversion = VertexStreamConversion::Repack;
-                MGLOG_W("Vertex attribute location=%u uses Vulkan-incompatible alignment "
-                        "(offset=%zu stride=%u required=%zu); using a tightly packed stream",
-                        location, attr.Offset, sourceStride, requiredAlignment);
-            }
-
-            Uint32 stride = sourceStride;
-            if (conversion == VertexStreamConversion::Repack) {
-                stride = static_cast<Uint32>(attribByteSize);
-            } else if (conversion == VertexStreamConversion::ScaledIntegerToFloat32) {
-                stride = static_cast<Uint32>(attr.Size * static_cast<Int>(sizeof(Float)));
-            }
            const VkVertexInputRate inputRate =
                (attr.Divisor == 0) ? VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX : VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_INSTANCE;

@@ -177,49 +103,20 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            bindingBaseOffsets.push_back(attr.Buffer ? attr.Offset : 0);
            bindingAttributeLocations.push_back(location);
            bindingUsesClientMemory.push_back(attr.Buffer == nullptr);
-            bindingConversions.push_back(conversion);
            builder.AddBinding(binding, stride, inputRate);
            builder.AddAttribute(location, binding, vkFormat, 0);
        }

        const auto& state = builder.Build();

-        auto& slot = m_cache[hash];
-        if (!slot) {
-            slot = MakeUnique<BackendVertexInputState>();
-        }
-        BackendVertexInputState& entry = *slot;
+        auto& entry = m_cache[hash];
        entry.hash = hash;
-        entry.lastUsedFrameBoundary = m_frameBoundaryCounter;
        entry.bindings = builder.GetBindings();
        entry.attributes = builder.GetAttributes();
-        // See the layoutHash declaration: hash only the resolved layout, never
-        // buffer identities, so identical layouts across VAOs/buffers agree.
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_reset(m_hashState, 0));
-        for (const auto& binding : entry.bindings) {
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &binding.binding, sizeof(binding.binding)));
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &binding.stride, sizeof(binding.stride)));
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &binding.inputRate, sizeof(binding.inputRate)));
-        }
-        for (const auto& attribute : entry.attributes) {
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attribute.location, sizeof(attribute.location)));
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attribute.binding, sizeof(attribute.binding)));
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attribute.format, sizeof(attribute.format)));
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attribute.offset, sizeof(attribute.offset)));
-        }
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &unsupportedAttribMask, sizeof(unsupportedAttribMask)));
-        entry.layoutHash = XXH64_digest(m_hashState);
-        entry.attributeLocationMask = 0;
-        for (const auto& attribute : entry.attributes) {
-            if (attribute.location < 32u) {
-                entry.attributeLocationMask |= (1u << attribute.location);
-            }
-        }
        entry.bindingBufferKeys = std::move(bindingBufferKeys);
        entry.bindingBaseOffsets = std::move(bindingBaseOffsets);
        entry.bindingAttributeLocations = std::move(bindingAttributeLocations);
        entry.bindingUsesClientMemory = std::move(bindingUsesClientMemory);
-        entry.bindingConversions = std::move(bindingConversions);
        entry.unsupportedAttribMask = unsupportedAttribMask;
        entry.state = state;
        entry.state.pVertexBindingDescriptions = entry.bindings.empty() ? nullptr : entry.bindings.data();
@@ -227,33 +124,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        return entry;
    }

-    void VertexInputStateFactory::OnFrameBoundary() {
-        ++m_frameBoundaryCounter;
-
-        // Sweep occasionally; evict entries whose last hit is far in the past.
-        // Erasure happens only here, never mid-frame: the draw path holds a
-        // reference into the current entry across its setup, and unordered_map
-        // erase would invalidate it. Entries are CPU-side only, so no GPU-idle
-        // proof is needed; an evicted entry that is used again is simply rebuilt
-        // from the VAO state (same hash, same content).
-        constexpr Uint64 kSweepInterval = 256;
-        constexpr Uint64 kRetireAgeBoundaries = 1024;
-        if ((m_frameBoundaryCounter % kSweepInterval) != 0) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        for (auto it = m_cache.begin(); it != m_cache.end();) {
-            if (m_frameBoundaryCounter - it->second->lastUsedFrameBoundary > kRetireAgeBoundaries) {
-                it = m_cache.erase(it);
-                // Invalidate every VAO's state-pointer memo: the erased node's
-                // address may be reused by a future insert.
-                ++m_evictionEpoch;
-            } else {
-                ++it;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
    VkFormat VertexInputStateFactory::ToVkVertexFormat(DataType type, Int size, Bool normalized, Bool isInteger,
                                                       Bool isBgra) {
        if (isBgra) {
@@ -412,47 +282,4 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        const SizeT componentSize = GetComponentSize(type);
        return componentSize == 0 ? 0 : componentSize * static_cast<SizeT>(size);
    }
-
-    Bool VertexInputStateFactory::IsScaledIntegerVertexFormat(VkFormat format) {
-        switch (format) {
-        case VK_FORMAT_R8_USCALED:
-        case VK_FORMAT_R8_SSCALED:
-        case VK_FORMAT_R8G8_USCALED:
-        case VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SSCALED:
-        case VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_USCALED:
-        case VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SSCALED:
-        case VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_USCALED:
-        case VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SSCALED:
-        case VK_FORMAT_R16_USCALED:
-        case VK_FORMAT_R16_SSCALED:
-        case VK_FORMAT_R16G16_USCALED:
-        case VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SSCALED:
-        case VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_USCALED:
-        case VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SSCALED:
-        case VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_USCALED:
-        case VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SSCALED:
-            return true;
-        default:
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    VkFormat VertexInputStateFactory::ToFloat32VertexFormat(Int componentCount) {
-        switch (componentCount) {
-        case 1: return VK_FORMAT_R32_SFLOAT;
-        case 2: return VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT;
-        case 3: return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
-        case 4: return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT;
-        default: return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
-        }
-    }
-
-    Bool VertexInputStateFactory::SupportsVertexBufferFormat(VkFormat format) const {
-        if (m_physicalDevice == VK_NULL_HANDLE || format == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        VkFormatProperties properties{};
-        vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(m_physicalDevice, format, &properties);
-        return (properties.bufferFeatures & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT) != 0;
-    }
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan
@@ -19,47 +19,25 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    public:
        using HashType = Uint64;

-        enum class VertexStreamConversion : Uint8 {
-            None = 0,
-            Repack,
-            ScaledIntegerToFloat32,
-        };
-
        struct BackendVertexInputState {
            HashType hash = 0;
-            // Hash of the resolved Vulkan vertex layout only (bindings, attributes,
-            // unsupported mask) - NO buffer identities. `hash` mixes buffer heap
-            // addresses so per-chunk VBOs mint a fresh identity per buffer; keying
-            // pipelines on that minted one VkPipeline per chunk section for an
-            // identical layout, defeating pipeline reuse and the per-draw memo.
-            // Pipelines depend only on the layout, so they key on this instead.
-            HashType layoutHash = 0;
-            // Frame boundary of the last cache hit; entries idle past the
-            // OnFrameBoundary retirement age are evicted (CPU heap only).
-            // Mutable: the VAO's state-pointer memo fast path stamps it through
-            // a const entry reference.
-            mutable Uint64 lastUsedFrameBoundary = 0;
            Vector<VkVertexInputBindingDescription> bindings;
            Vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription> attributes;
            Vector<SizeT> bindingBufferKeys;
            Vector<SizeT> bindingBaseOffsets;
            Vector<Uint32> bindingAttributeLocations;
            Vector<Bool> bindingUsesClientMemory;
-            Vector<VertexStreamConversion> bindingConversions;
            // Locations whose array is ENABLED but whose GL format has no VkFormat mapping. They are
            // absent from `attributes`, so without this mask the draw path cannot tell them apart from
            // a genuinely disabled array and would silently feed the shader the current attribute value.
            Uint32 unsupportedAttribMask = 0;
-            // Bitmask of `attributes[i].location` - the draw path needs it up to
-            // three times per draw, so it is baked once at build time.
-            Uint32 attributeLocationMask = 0;
            VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo state{
                VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO
            };
        };

-        VertexInputStateFactory(const VulkanRendererConfig& config, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice):
-            m_config(config), m_physicalDevice(physicalDevice) {}
+        explicit VertexInputStateFactory(const VulkanRendererConfig& config):
+            m_config(config) {}
        ~VertexInputStateFactory() = default;
        VertexInputStateFactory(const VertexInputStateFactory&) = delete;

@@ -70,14 +48,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        const BackendVertexInputState& GetOrCreateVertexInputState(
            const MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject& vao, HashType hash);
        const BackendVertexInputState& GetOrCreateVertexInputState(const MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject& vao);
-        // Frame boundary hook: ages the cache and evicts entries not hit for many
-        // frames. The key mixes buffer heap addresses, so buffer/VAO churn keeps
-        // minting fresh keys; without eviction the map grows for the whole session.
-        // Entries hold no Vulkan handles (pipeline creation copies the descriptions)
-        // and the draw path's entry reference never spans a frame boundary, so
-        // eviction here needs no GPU-idle proof. Self-gated: one counter bump and
-        // compare except on sweep boundaries.
-        void OnFrameBoundary();
        static SizeT GetComponentSize(DataType type);
        // Tightly-packed byte size of one vertex element for this attribute: componentSize * size for
        // normal types, and 4 (one packed word) for the 2_10_10_10 types and GL_BGRA. Returns 0 for
@@ -86,25 +56,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {

    private:
        static VkFormat ToVkVertexFormat(DataType type, Int size, Bool normalized, Bool isInteger, Bool isBgra = false);
-        static Bool IsScaledIntegerVertexFormat(VkFormat format);
-        static VkFormat ToFloat32VertexFormat(Int componentCount);
-        Bool SupportsVertexBufferFormat(VkFormat format) const;

        const VulkanRendererConfig& m_config;
-        VkPhysicalDevice m_physicalDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-        // Values are heap-allocated: FastSTL::unordered_map is open-addressing,
-        // so INSERT invalidates references to stored values. The draw path (and
-        // the VAOs' state-pointer memos) hold entry pointers across inserts;
-        // only the unique_ptr cell moves, never the pointee.
-        UnorderedMap<HashType, UniquePtr<BackendVertexInputState>> m_cache;
-        // Monotonic frame-boundary counter (bumped in OnFrameBoundary) for cache aging.
-        Uint64 m_frameBoundaryCounter = 0;
-        // Bumped whenever any cache entry is erased. VAOs memo a raw pointer to
-        // their heap-allocated entry (stable across map insert/rehash by
-        // construction); a memo is honored only while its recorded epoch
-        // matches, so an evicted entry can never be dereferenced through a
-        // stale memo.
-        Uint64 m_evictionEpoch = 1;
+        UnorderedMap<HashType, BackendVertexInputState> m_cache;
        static inline XXH64_state_t* m_hashState = XXH64_createState();
    };
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan
@@ -22,10 +22,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT |
            VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDIRECT_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT |
            VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
-        // Appended to kPersistentBackedUsage when VK_EXT_transform_feedback is enabled
-        // (see VkBufferManagerInitInfo::transformFeedbackUsageEnabled).
-        constexpr VkBufferUsageFlags kTransformFeedbackUsage =
-            VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BUFFER_BIT_EXT;
        // The app writes into the persistent map with no explicit flush, so its memory must
        // be host-coherent (Adreno host-visible memory is; requiring it keeps us portable).
        constexpr VkMemoryPropertyFlags kPersistentBackedRequiredFlags =
@@ -145,15 +141,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        m_transientUploadArena.BeginFrame(frameIndex);
    }

-    void VkBufferManager::CollectAllDeferredReleases() {
-        for (Uint32 frameIndex = 0; frameIndex < m_deferredBufferReleases.size(); ++frameIndex) {
-            CollectDeferredReleases(frameIndex);
-        }
-        for (Uint32 frameIndex = 0; frameIndex < m_transientUploadArena.GetFrameCount(); ++frameIndex) {
-            m_transientUploadArena.CollectDeferredReleases(frameIndex);
-        }
-    }
-
    void VkBufferManager::NotifyDeviceIdle() {
        // Everything submitted so far has completed. Work recorded for the
        // current frame has not been submitted yet, so the current serial
@@ -210,20 +197,16 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        return static_cast<VkBufferResource*>(bufferObject.GetBackendResource().get());
    }

-    VkBufferResource* VkBufferManager::GetOrCreateResource(
+    SharedPtr<VkBufferResource> VkBufferManager::GetOrCreateResource(
        const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& bufferObject) {
-        // Return by raw pointer: the resource is owned for its whole lifetime by the BufferObject's
-        // backend-resource SharedPtr (already set, or set below), so callers that only dereference
-        // it avoid a static_pointer_cast + SharedPtr refcount inc/dec on every per-draw buffer bind.
-        const auto& existing = bufferObject->GetBackendResource();
+        auto existing = std::static_pointer_cast<VkBufferResource>(bufferObject->GetBackendResource());
        if (existing) {
-            return static_cast<VkBufferResource*>(existing.get());
+            return existing;
        }
        auto resource = MakeShared<VkBufferResource>();
-        VkBufferResource* raw = resource.get();
        bufferObject->SetBackendResource(resource);
        TrackLiveResource(resource);
-        return raw;
+        return resource;
    }

    void VkBufferManager::TrackLiveResource(const SharedPtr<VkBufferResource>& resource) {
@@ -469,10 +452,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // it from the current shadow - MappedData() is still the shadow here because the
        // frontend adopts (and drops) the shadow only after this returns.
        DeferRelease(std::move(resource->buffer));
-        const VkBufferUsageFlags persistentUsage =
-            kPersistentBackedUsage |
-            (m_initInfo.transformFeedbackUsageEnabled ? kTransformFeedbackUsage : 0);
-        if (!CreateResidentStorage(*resource, size, persistentUsage, kPersistentBackedRequiredFlags)) {
+        if (!CreateResidentStorage(*resource, size, kPersistentBackedUsage, kPersistentBackedRequiredFlags)) {
            resource->persistentMapped = false;
            resource->storageSize = 0;
            resource->usageFlags = 0;
@@ -31,9 +31,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        VmaMemoryUsage transientMemoryUsage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO;
        VmaAllocationCreateFlags transientAllocationFlags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT;
        Bool transientPersistentMapping = false;
-        // VK_EXT_transform_feedback is enabled: persistent-map storage additionally
-        // carries the transform feedback usage so capture targets can bind directly.
-        Bool transformFeedbackUsageEnabled = false;
    };

    // The DirectVulkan storage behind one frontend buffer (pipe_resource analogue).
@@ -80,11 +77,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // Recreate all per-frame transient arenas
        Bool RecreateTransientArenas(Uint32 frameCount);
        void BeginFrame(Uint32 frameIndex);
-        // Drains every frame slot's deferred buffer/resource releases (and the
-        // transient arena's parked superseded blocks). Only valid when the
-        // caller has proven every queue submission complete; used by the
-        // present-less frame-boundary drain.
-        void CollectAllDeferredReleases();
        // All previously submitted GPU work has completed (vkDeviceWaitIdle).
        void NotifyDeviceIdle();
        // A frame slot's submission fence has been waited: every serial up to
@@ -132,7 +124,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    private:
        Bool InitializeTransientArenas();
        static VkBufferUsageFlags GetVkBufferUsage(BufferKind kind);
-        VkBufferResource* GetOrCreateResource(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& bufferObject);
+        SharedPtr<VkBufferResource> GetOrCreateResource(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& bufferObject);
        static VkBufferResource* ResourceOf(MG_State::GLState::BufferObject& bufferObject);
        Bool CreateResidentStorage(VkBufferResource& resource, VkDeviceSize size, VkBufferUsageFlags usage,
                                   VkMemoryPropertyFlags requiredFlags = 0);
@@ -157,25 +157,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        return true;
    }

-    Bool VkBufferObject::Invalidate(VkDeviceSize size, VkDeviceSize offset) {
-        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(IsValid(), "VkBufferObject::Invalidate called on invalid buffer");
-        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(IsMapped(), "VkBufferObject::Invalidate requires mapped memory");
-        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(offset <= m_size, "VkBufferObject::Invalidate offset out of range");
-
-        const VkDeviceSize resolvedSize = size == VK_WHOLE_SIZE ? m_size - offset : size;
-        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(offset + resolvedSize <= m_size, "VkBufferObject::Invalidate range out of bounds");
-        if (resolvedSize == 0) {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        const VkResult result = vmaInvalidateAllocation(m_allocator, m_allocation, offset, resolvedSize);
-        if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
-            MGLOG_E("VkBufferObject::Invalidate failed: vmaInvalidateAllocation returned %d", result);
-            return false;
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
    BufferSlice VkBufferObject::GetSlice(VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size) const {
        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(offset <= m_size, "VkBufferObject::GetSlice offset out of range");
        const VkDeviceSize resolvedSize = (size == VK_WHOLE_SIZE) ? (m_size - offset) : size;
@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        void* Map();
        void Unmap();
        Bool Upload(const void* data, VkDeviceSize size, VkDeviceSize offset = 0);
-        Bool Invalidate(VkDeviceSize size = VK_WHOLE_SIZE, VkDeviceSize offset = 0);

        VkBuffer GetHandle() const { return m_buffer; }
        VkDeviceSize GetSize() const { return m_size; }
@@ -93,7 +93,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
        m_pendingClears.clear();
        m_aliveObjects.clear();
-        m_pendingCount.store(static_cast<Uint32>(m_pendingClears.size()), std::memory_order_relaxed);
    }

    TextureIdentity VkClearManager::MakeTextureIdentity(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture) {
@@ -128,7 +127,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            m_pendingClears.erase(key);
        }
        m_aliveObjects.erase(identity);
-        m_pendingCount.store(static_cast<Uint32>(m_pendingClears.size()), std::memory_order_relaxed);
    }

    Bool VkClearManager::LockTextureIdentityLocked(const TextureIdentity& identity,
@@ -223,7 +221,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        m_aliveObjects[MakeTextureIdentity(texture.get())] = texture;
        auto& pending = m_pendingClears[key];
        MergeClearPayload(pending, clearPayload);
-        m_pendingCount.store(static_cast<Uint32>(m_pendingClears.size()), std::memory_order_relaxed);
    }

    void VkClearManager::QueueClear(const ClearAttachmentPayload& clearPayload,
@@ -241,7 +238,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        m_aliveObjects[MakeTextureIdentity(texture.get())] = texture;
        auto& pending = m_pendingClears[key];
        MergeClearPayload(pending, clearPayload);
-        m_pendingCount.store(static_cast<Uint32>(m_pendingClears.size()), std::memory_order_relaxed);
    }

    Bool VkClearManager::HasPendingClear(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture) {
@@ -249,10 +245,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            return false;
        }

-        if (m_pendingCount.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == 0) {
-            return false;  // per-draw hot path: nothing pending anywhere
-        }
-
        const Uint64 lifetimeId = texture->GetLifetimeId();
        const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
        for (auto it = m_pendingClears.begin(); it != m_pendingClears.end(); ++it) {
@@ -268,9 +260,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        if (key.texture == nullptr) {
            return false;
        }
-        if (m_pendingCount.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == 0) {
-            return false;  // per-draw hot path: nothing pending anywhere
-        }

        const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
        if (m_pendingClears.find(key) == m_pendingClears.end()) {
@@ -298,9 +287,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        if (key.texture == nullptr) {
            return false;
        }
-        if (m_pendingCount.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == 0) {
-            return false;  // per-draw hot path: nothing pending anywhere
-        }

        const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
        if (!LockTextureLocked(key, outTexture)) {
@@ -339,9 +325,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        if (texture == nullptr) {
            return false;
        }
-        if (m_pendingCount.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == 0) {
-            return false;  // per-draw hot path: nothing pending anywhere
-        }

        const Uint64 lifetimeId = texture->GetLifetimeId();
        const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
@@ -362,9 +345,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            return;
        }

-        if (m_pendingCount.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == 0) {
-            return;  // per-draw hot path: nothing pending anywhere
-        }
        const TextureIdentity identity = MakeTextureIdentity(texture);
        MGLOG_D("%s: Pop all pending clears for texture %d", __func__, texture->GetExternalIndex());
        const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
@@ -381,7 +361,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            auto it = m_pendingClears.find(key);
            if (it != m_pendingClears.end()) {
                m_pendingClears.erase(it);
-            m_pendingCount.store(static_cast<Uint32>(m_pendingClears.size()), std::memory_order_relaxed);
            }
        }

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 #include "MG_Util/Math/VectorTypes.h"

 #include <Includes.h>
-#include <atomic>
 #include <unordered_map>

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
@@ -121,19 +120,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                               SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& outTexture);

        Uint8 m_gcCounter = 0;
-    public:
-        // Lock-free probe for the consecutive-draw fast path: any pending clear
-        // forces the full SetupDraw path (which materializes/consumes it).
-        Bool HasAnyPendingClears() const { return m_pendingCount.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) != 0; }
-
-    private:
        mutable std::mutex m_mutex;
-        // Lock-free mirror of m_pendingClears.size(), maintained under m_mutex
-        // by every mutation. The per-draw probes (HasPendingClear/GetPending*)
-        // read it before taking the lock: during draw batches the pending set
-        // is almost always empty, so this turns several locked map probes per
-        // draw into one relaxed load.
-        std::atomic<Uint32> m_pendingCount{0};
        std::unordered_map<PendingClearKey, ClearAttachmentPayload, PendingClearKeyHash> m_pendingClears;
        std::unordered_map<TextureIdentity, WeakPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>, TextureIdentityHash> m_aliveObjects;
    };
@@ -16,21 +16,31 @@

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    static Bool TryResolveSampleCountFlagBits(Int requestedSamples, VkSampleCountFlagBits& outSampleCount) {
-        // GL promises "at least the requested samples", so a non-power-of-two
-        // request (legal in GL, e.g. 3) rounds up to the next Vulkan bit.
-        if (requestedSamples <= 1) {
+        switch (requestedSamples <= 0 ? 1 : requestedSamples) {
+        case 1:
            outSampleCount = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
            return true;
-        }
-        if (requestedSamples > 64) {
+        case 2:
+            outSampleCount = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_2_BIT;
+            return true;
+        case 4:
+            outSampleCount = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT;
+            return true;
+        case 8:
+            outSampleCount = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_8_BIT;
+            return true;
+        case 16:
+            outSampleCount = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_16_BIT;
+            return true;
+        case 32:
+            outSampleCount = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_32_BIT;
+            return true;
+        case 64:
+            outSampleCount = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_64_BIT;
+            return true;
+        default:
            return false;
        }
-        Uint32 bit = 1;
-        while (bit < static_cast<Uint32>(requestedSamples)) {
-            bit <<= 1;
-        }
-        outSampleCount = static_cast<VkSampleCountFlagBits>(bit);
-        return true;
    }

    static VkImageAspectFlags ResolveImageAspectMaskForFormat(VkFormat format) {
@@ -156,9 +166,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        if (view != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
            vkDestroyImageView(device, view, nullptr);
        }
-        if (unormTwinView != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-            vkDestroyImageView(device, unormTwinView, nullptr);
-        }
        if (image != VK_NULL_HANDLE && allocation != nullptr) {
            vmaDestroyImage(allocator, image, allocation);
        }
@@ -166,7 +173,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        image = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        allocation = nullptr;
        view = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-        unormTwinView = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
        format = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
        aspect = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_NONE;
@@ -174,7 +180,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        sampleCount = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
        internalFormat = TextureInternalFormat::Unknown;
        samples = 0;
-        deadSinceFrame = kNeverObservedDead;
    }

    VkRenderPassManager::VkRenderPassManager(VkDevice device,
@@ -201,7 +206,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            resource.Destroy(m_device, m_allocator);
        }
        m_renderbufferResources.clear();
-        CollectDeferredRenderbufferReleases(/*destroyAll=*/true); // caller guarantees device idle
        m_pendingRenderbufferClears.clear();
        RenderPassEntry::s_textureResourcesScratch.clear();
        s_activeRenderPass = {};
@@ -209,80 +213,22 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        m_rpFastValid = false;
    }

-    Uint64 VkRenderPassManager::RetireAgeFrames() const {
-        // MaxFramesInFlight + 2 covers the frame ring plus one boundary for the
-        // recording-to-submit gap and one because OnPresent runs ahead of Present's
-        // fence wait; the floor of 8 keeps a margin over the default ring of 3 while
-        // still releasing multi-MB attachment memory promptly (the render-pass cache's
-        // 1024-frame retirement would pin it for no additional safety).
-        return std::max<Uint64>(8, static_cast<Uint64>(m_config.MaxFramesInFlight) + 2);
-    }
-
-    void VkRenderPassManager::DeferRenderbufferBackingRelease(RenderbufferResource& resource) {
-        // The superseded backing may still be referenced by in-flight command buffers
-        // (glRenderbufferStorage can respecify a renderbuffer drawn this very frame),
-        // so it is parked and destroyed only after RetireAgeFrames() boundaries.
-        if (resource.image == VK_NULL_HANDLE && resource.view == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-            return;
-        }
-        m_deferredRenderbufferReleases.push_back(
-            {resource.image, resource.allocation, resource.view, resource.unormTwinView, m_frameCounter});
-        resource.image = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-        resource.allocation = nullptr;
-        resource.view = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-        resource.unormTwinView = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    }
-
-    void VkRenderPassManager::CollectDeferredRenderbufferReleases(Bool destroyAll) {
-        if (m_deferredRenderbufferReleases.empty()) {
-            return;
-        }
-        const Uint64 retireAgeFrames = RetireAgeFrames();
-        std::erase_if(m_deferredRenderbufferReleases, [&](DeferredRenderbufferRelease& release) {
-            if (!destroyAll && m_frameCounter - release.deferredAtFrame < retireAgeFrames) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (release.view != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-                vkDestroyImageView(m_device, release.view, nullptr);
-            }
-            if (release.unormTwinView != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-                vkDestroyImageView(m_device, release.unormTwinView, nullptr);
-            }
-            if (release.image != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-                vmaDestroyImage(m_allocator, release.image, release.allocation);
-            }
-            return true;
-        });
-    }
-
    void VkRenderPassManager::CollectRenderbufferGarbage() {
-        // Two-phase reclamation: a dead renderbuffer's VkImage may still be referenced by
-        // command buffers submitted up to frames-in-flight frames ago (it was legally
-        // attached and drawn right up to its deletion), so the first observation of an
-        // expired weak reference only stamps the current frame counter; Destroy runs once
-        // enough frame boundaries have passed that the stamping frame's submission fence
-        // has provably been waited (see RetireAgeFrames).
-        const Uint64 retireAgeFrames = RetireAgeFrames();
-        for (auto it = m_renderbufferResources.begin(); it != m_renderbufferResources.end();) {
-            auto& resource = it->second;
+        Vector<MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject*> deadRenderbuffers;
+        deadRenderbuffers.reserve(m_renderbufferResources.size());
+        for (auto& [renderbuffer, resource] : m_renderbufferResources) {
            const auto liveRenderbuffer = resource.renderbuffer.lock();
-            if (liveRenderbuffer && liveRenderbuffer.get() == it->first) {
-                resource.deadSinceFrame = RenderbufferResource::kNeverObservedDead;
-                ++it;
-                continue;
+            if (!liveRenderbuffer || liveRenderbuffer.get() != renderbuffer) {
+                deadRenderbuffers.emplace_back(renderbuffer);
            }
-            if (resource.deadSinceFrame == RenderbufferResource::kNeverObservedDead) {
-                resource.deadSinceFrame = m_frameCounter;
-                ++it;
-                continue;
+        }
+        for (auto* renderbuffer : deadRenderbuffers) {
+            auto resourceIt = m_renderbufferResources.find(renderbuffer);
+            if (resourceIt != m_renderbufferResources.end()) {
+                resourceIt->second.Destroy(m_device, m_allocator);
+                m_renderbufferResources.erase(resourceIt);
            }
-            if (m_frameCounter - resource.deadSinceFrame < retireAgeFrames) {
-                ++it;
-                continue;
-            }
-            m_pendingRenderbufferClears.erase(it->first);
-            resource.Destroy(m_device, m_allocator);
-            it = m_renderbufferResources.erase(it);
+            m_pendingRenderbufferClears.erase(renderbuffer);
        }
    }

@@ -303,94 +249,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        }

        const auto internalFormat = renderbuffer->GetInternalFormat();
-        // Three-channel color formats widen to their RGBA twin exactly like textures do
-        // (VkTextureManager::ResolveTextureFormatInfo): blits/resolves between a
-        // renderbuffer and a texture of the same GL format then see one VkFormat.
-        const VkFormat format = [&]() -> VkFormat {
-            switch (internalFormat) {
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB8:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::R3G3B2:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB4:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB5:
-                return VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
-            case TextureInternalFormat::SRGB8:
-                return VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB;
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB8Snorm:
-                return VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SNORM;
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB10:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB12:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB16:
-                return VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM;
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB16Snorm:
-                return VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SNORM;
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB16F:
-                return VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT;
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB32F:
-                return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT;
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB8I:
-                return VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SINT;
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB8UI:
-                return VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UINT;
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB16I:
-                return VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SINT;
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB16UI:
-                return VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UINT;
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB32I:
-                return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SINT;
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB32UI:
-                return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_UINT;
-            default:
-                return MG_Util::ConvertTextureInternalFormatToVkEnum(internalFormat);
-            }
-        }();
+        const VkFormat format = MG_Util::ConvertTextureInternalFormatToVkEnum(internalFormat);
        const VkImageAspectFlags aspect = ResolveImageAspectMaskForFormat(format);
-        // Renderbuffers are never sampled (GL has no way to bind one to a sampler), so the
-        // usage set is attachment + transfer: transfer covers readback (vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer),
-        // BlitFramebuffer, CopyTexImage sources, and out-of-render-pass clear materialization.
-        const VkImageUsageFlags imageUsage =
-            ((aspect & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT) != 0 ? VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT
-                                                       : VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT) |
-            VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
-
-        // GL allows the implementation to allocate more samples than requested
-        // (glRenderbufferStorageMultisample only promises "at least"), and devices
-        // like llvmpipe expose 1x/4x but not 2x. Round the request up to the
-        // nearest supported count for this format.
-        if (renderbuffer->GetSamples() > 0) {
-            auto supportedIt = m_attachmentSampleCountsByFormat.find(format);
-            if (supportedIt == m_attachmentSampleCountsByFormat.end()) {
-                VkImageFormatProperties formatProperties{};
-                VkSampleCountFlags supported = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
-                if (vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties(m_physicalDevice, format, VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D,
-                                                             VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL, imageUsage, 0,
-                                                             &formatProperties) == VK_SUCCESS) {
-                    supported = formatProperties.sampleCounts;
-                }
-                supportedIt = m_attachmentSampleCountsByFormat.emplace(format, supported).first;
-            }
-            const VkSampleCountFlags supported = supportedIt->second;
-            if ((supported & sampleCount) == 0) {
-                // Smallest supported count above the request, else the largest below it.
-                Uint32 rounded = 0;
-                for (Uint32 bit = static_cast<Uint32>(sampleCount) << 1; bit <= VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_64_BIT; bit <<= 1) {
-                    if ((supported & bit) != 0) {
-                        rounded = bit;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-                if (rounded == 0) {
-                    for (Uint32 bit = static_cast<Uint32>(sampleCount) >> 1; bit != 0; bit >>= 1) {
-                        if ((supported & bit) != 0) {
-                            rounded = bit;
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                if (rounded != 0) {
-                    sampleCount = static_cast<VkSampleCountFlagBits>(rounded);
-                }
-            }
+        if ((aspect & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT) != 0) {
+            MGLOG_E("GetOrCreateRenderbufferResource: color renderbuffer %u is not supported by DirectVulkan render passes yet",
+                    renderbuffer->GetExternalIndex());
+            return nullptr;
        }

        auto& resource = m_renderbufferResources[renderbuffer.get()];
@@ -404,15 +268,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            resource.samples != renderbuffer->GetSamples();
        if (!needsCreate) {
            resource.renderbuffer = renderbuffer;
-            // A new renderbuffer at a recycled address may adopt a compatible entry that
-            // was already stamped dead; it is alive again, so cancel the aging.
-            resource.deadSinceFrame = RenderbufferResource::kNeverObservedDead;
            return &resource;
        }

-        // Respecify: park the old backing for aged destruction instead of destroying
-        // inline - it may still be referenced by in-flight command buffers.
-        DeferRenderbufferBackingRelease(resource);
        resource.Destroy(m_device, m_allocator);
        resource.renderbuffer = renderbuffer;

@@ -427,15 +285,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        imageInfo.format = format;
        imageInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
        imageInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
-        imageInfo.usage = imageUsage;
+        imageInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
        imageInfo.samples = sampleCount;
        imageInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
-        // sRGB renderbuffers attach through their UNORM twin while GL_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB
-        // is disabled, which needs a format-reinterpreting second view.
-        const Bool hasUnormTwin = ResolveSrgbAttachmentWriteFormat(format, false) != format;
-        if (hasUnormTwin) {
-            imageInfo.flags |= VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT;
-        }

        VkImageFormatProperties imageFormatProperties{};
        const VkResult imageFormatResult = vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties(
@@ -470,11 +322,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        viewInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
        VK_VERIFY(vkCreateImageView(m_device, &viewInfo, nullptr, &resource.view),
                  "vkCreateImageView(renderbuffer)");
-        if (hasUnormTwin) {
-            viewInfo.format = ResolveSrgbAttachmentWriteFormat(format, false);
-            VK_VERIFY(vkCreateImageView(m_device, &viewInfo, nullptr, &resource.unormTwinView),
-                      "vkCreateImageView(renderbuffer unorm twin)");
-        }

        resource.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
        resource.format = format;
@@ -539,18 +386,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    void VkRenderPassManager::QueueRenderbufferClear(
        GLbitfield mask, const ClearFramebufferPayload& clearPayload,
        const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& drawFbo) {
-        if ((mask & GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) != 0) {
-            // Color renderbuffer draw buffers take the framebuffer-level clear too; texture
-            // attachments are skipped by the per-attachment overload's IsRenderbuffer guard.
-            for (const auto attachmentType : drawFbo.GetDrawBuffers()) {
-                if (attachmentType == FramebufferAttachmentType::None) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                QueueRenderbufferClear(
-                    ClearAttachmentPayload{.mask = GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT, .color = clearPayload.color},
-                    drawFbo.GetAttachment(attachmentType));
-            }
-        }
        if ((mask & GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) != 0) {
            QueueRenderbufferClear(
                ClearAttachmentPayload{.mask = GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT, .depth = clearPayload.depth},
@@ -571,18 +406,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    }

    VkRenderPassManager::HashType VkRenderPassManager::ComputeHash(
-        const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& fbo, Uint32 swapchainImageIndex, Bool includePendingClear,
-        Bool includeDefaultFboDepthStencil) {
+        const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& fbo, Uint32 swapchainImageIndex, Bool includePendingClear) {
        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_reset(m_hashState, m_config.CacheVersion));
        const Bool isDefaultFbo = fbo.IsDefaultFramebuffer();
        if (isDefaultFbo) {
            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &swapchainImageIndex, sizeof(swapchainImageIndex)));
        }
-        // sRGB attachments switch between their sRGB and UNORM-twin views with this
-        // capability (ResolveSrgbAttachmentWriteFormat), changing the render pass formats.
-        const Bool framebufferSrgbEnabled =
-            MG_State::pGLContext->IsCapabilityEnabled(MobileGL::CapabilityInput::FramebufferSrgb);
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &framebufferSrgbEnabled, sizeof(framebufferSrgbEnabled)));
        auto& drawBuffers = fbo.GetDrawBuffers();
        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, drawBuffers.data(), drawBuffers.size() * sizeof(drawBuffers[0])));
        auto readBuffer = fbo.GetReadBuffer();
@@ -656,17 +485,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                         attachment <= FramebufferAttachmentType::BackRight);
                    if (isDefaultColorAttachment) {
                        currentLayout = m_swapchainObject.GetImageLayout(swapchainImageIndex);
-                        // Content validity feeds the attachment's loadOp (see the
-                        // creation path), so it must key the cache as well.
-                        if (!m_swapchainObject.IsImageContentDefined(swapchainImageIndex)) {
-                            currentLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
-                        }
                    } else if (attachment == FramebufferAttachmentType::Depth ||
                               attachment == FramebufferAttachmentType::Stencil) {
                        currentLayout = m_swapchainObject.GetDepthStencilImageLayout(swapchainImageIndex);
-                        if (!m_swapchainObject.IsDepthStencilContentDefined(swapchainImageIndex)) {
-                            currentLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
-                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    auto* textureResource = m_textureManager.SyncTextureAndGetDescriptor(*texture);
@@ -721,49 +542,14 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            combineFramebufferAttachmentObjHash(drawbuf);
        }

-        // The depth-less default-FBO flavor omits the depth/stencil attachment
-        // entirely, so it must hash differently from the depth-full flavor.
-        const Bool depthStencilIncluded = !isDefaultFbo || includeDefaultFboDepthStencil;
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &depthStencilIncluded, sizeof(depthStencilIncluded)));
-        if (depthStencilIncluded) {
-            combineFramebufferAttachmentObjHash(FramebufferAttachmentType::Depth);
-            combineFramebufferAttachmentObjHash(FramebufferAttachmentType::Stencil);
-        }
+        combineFramebufferAttachmentObjHash(FramebufferAttachmentType::Depth);
+        combineFramebufferAttachmentObjHash(FramebufferAttachmentType::Stencil);

        return XXH64_digest(m_hashState);
    }

    RenderPassEntry& VkRenderPassManager::GetOrCreateRenderPass(const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& fbo,
-                                                                Uint32 swapchainImageIndex,
-                                                                Bool drawUsesDepthStencil) {
-        // Resolve the default-FBO depth flavor (see the header comment): keep the
-        // depth attachment when the caller needs it, when a depth/stencil clear is
-        // pending, or when the active pass already carries it (escalate-only, so
-        // alternating depth-less draws never split an established depth pass).
-        Bool includeDefaultFboDepthStencil = true;
-        if (fbo.IsDefaultFramebuffer()) {
-            Bool activeDefaultHasDepthStencil = false;
-            if (const auto* active = GetActiveRenderPass()) {
-                Bool activeIsSwapchainPass = false;
-                Bool activeHasSwapchainDepthStencil = false;
-                for (const auto& tracked : active->trackedAttachmentLayouts) {
-                    activeIsSwapchainPass |= tracked.target == TrackedAttachmentTarget::SwapchainColor;
-                    activeHasSwapchainDepthStencil |=
-                        tracked.target == TrackedAttachmentTarget::SwapchainDepthStencil;
-                }
-                activeDefaultHasDepthStencil = activeIsSwapchainPass && activeHasSwapchainDepthStencil;
-            }
-            const auto& defaultDepthAtt = fbo.GetAttachment(FramebufferAttachmentType::Depth);
-            const auto& defaultStencilAtt = fbo.GetAttachment(FramebufferAttachmentType::Stencil);
-            const Bool pendingDepthStencilClear =
-                (defaultDepthAtt.IsTexture() && m_clearManager.HasPendingClear(defaultDepthAtt)) ||
-                HasPendingRenderbufferClear(defaultDepthAtt) ||
-                (defaultStencilAtt.IsTexture() && m_clearManager.HasPendingClear(defaultStencilAtt)) ||
-                HasPendingRenderbufferClear(defaultStencilAtt);
-            includeDefaultFboDepthStencil =
-                drawUsesDepthStencil || activeDefaultHasDepthStencil || pendingDepthStencilClear;
-        }
-
+                                                                Uint32 swapchainImageIndex) {
        auto hasPendingClearOnFramebuffer = [&]() -> Bool {
            const auto& drawBuffers = fbo.GetDrawBuffers();
            for (auto attachment : drawBuffers) {
@@ -813,16 +599,14 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            m_rpFastFboVersion == fbo.GetObjectVersion() && m_rpFastSwapchainIndex == swapchainImageIndex &&
            m_rpFastTexEpoch == m_textureManager.GetTextureImageEpoch() &&
            m_rpFastRbEpoch == m_renderbufferImageEpoch &&
-            (!fbo.IsDefaultFramebuffer() || m_rpFastHadDepthStencil == includeDefaultFboDepthStencil) &&
            m_rpFastRenderPassHash == activeRenderPass->hash && !hasPendingClearOnFramebuffer()) {
            auto activeIt = m_renderPasses.find(activeRenderPass->hash);
            if (activeIt != m_renderPasses.end()) {
-                activeIt->second.lastUsedFrame = m_frameCounter;
                return activeIt->second;
            }
        }

-        auto compatibilityHash = ComputeHash(fbo, swapchainImageIndex, false, includeDefaultFboDepthStencil);
+        auto compatibilityHash = ComputeHash(fbo, swapchainImageIndex, false);
        if (activeRenderPass != nullptr &&
            activeRenderPass->CompatibleWith(compatibilityHash) &&
            !hasPendingClearOnFramebuffer()) {
@@ -839,16 +623,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            m_rpFastTexEpoch = m_textureManager.GetTextureImageEpoch();
            m_rpFastRbEpoch = m_renderbufferImageEpoch;
            m_rpFastRenderPassHash = activeRenderPass->hash;
-            m_rpFastHadDepthStencil = activeIt->second.hasDepthStencilAttachment;
-            activeIt->second.lastUsedFrame = m_frameCounter;
            return activeIt->second;
        }
-        auto hash = ComputeHash(fbo, swapchainImageIndex, true, includeDefaultFboDepthStencil);
+        auto hash = ComputeHash(fbo, swapchainImageIndex, true);
        auto it = m_renderPasses.find(hash);
-        if (it != m_renderPasses.end()) {
-            it->second.lastUsedFrame = m_frameCounter;
+        if (it != m_renderPasses.end())
            return it->second;
-        }

        Bool isDefaultFbo = fbo.IsDefaultFramebuffer();
        // Color attachment
@@ -898,88 +678,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // assuming default FBO has the right param
        for (Uint32 i = 0; i < colorAttachmentSlotCount; ++i) {
            auto drawbuf = drawbufs[i];
-
-            // Renderbuffer color attachments mirror the texture path below, with the
-            // resource (image/view/format/layout) coming from the render-pass manager's
-            // renderbuffer store instead of the texture manager.
-            if (drawbuf != FramebufferAttachmentType::None && !isDefaultFbo) {
-                const auto& rbAtt = fbo.GetAttachment(drawbuf);
-                if (rbAtt.IsRenderbuffer() && rbAtt.IsComplete()) {
-                    const auto& renderbuffer = rbAtt.GetRenderbuffer();
-                    auto* rbResource = GetOrCreateRenderbufferResource(renderbuffer);
-                    if (rbResource == nullptr || (rbResource->aspect & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT) == 0) {
-                        MGLOG_E("GetOrCreateRenderPass: draw buffer slot %u on FBO %u has an unsupported color "
-                                "renderbuffer %u; using VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED",
-                                i, fbo.GetExternalIndex(), renderbuffer->GetExternalIndex());
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    const Uint32 rbAttachmentIndex = static_cast<Uint32>(attachmentDescriptions.size());
-                    attachmentDescriptions.emplace_back();
-                    VkAttachmentDescription& rbDesc = attachmentDescriptions.back();
-
-                    ClearAttachmentPayload rbClearPayload{};
-                    Bool rbHasClear = GetPendingRenderbufferClear(renderbuffer.get(), rbClearPayload) &&
-                                      (rbClearPayload.mask & GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) != 0;
-                    if (rbHasClear &&
-                        MG_Util::GetBaseInternalFormatComponentCount(renderbuffer->GetInternalFormat()) == 3) {
-                        // RGB renderbuffers are backed by an RGBA image; the missing alpha reads as 1.
-                        rbClearPayload.color =
-                            FloatVec4(rbClearPayload.color.x(), rbClearPayload.color.y(),
-                                      rbClearPayload.color.z(), 1.0f);
-                    }
-
-                    const VkImageLayout trackedRbLayout = rbResource->layout;
-                    const Bool rbFramebufferSrgb =
-                        MG_State::pGLContext->IsCapabilityEnabled(MobileGL::CapabilityInput::FramebufferSrgb);
-                    const VkFormat rbAttachmentFormat =
-                        ResolveSrgbAttachmentWriteFormat(rbResource->format, rbFramebufferSrgb);
-                    rbDesc.flags = 0;
-                    rbDesc.format = rbAttachmentFormat;
-                    rbDesc.samples = rbResource->sampleCount;
-                    rbDesc.loadOp = rbHasClear ? VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR :
-                                    (trackedRbLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED ? VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE
-                                                                                  : VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD);
-                    rbDesc.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
-                    rbDesc.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
-                    rbDesc.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
-                    rbDesc.initialLayout = (rbHasClear || trackedRbLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED) ?
-                        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED : trackedRbLayout;
-                    rbDesc.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
-                    adoptRenderPassSampleCount(rbResource->sampleCount, "color",
-                                               static_cast<Int>(renderbuffer->GetExternalIndex()));
-
-                    if (rbHasClear) {
-                        pendingClearAttachments.emplace_back(PendingClearAttachmentInfo {
-                            .attachmentIndex = rbAttachmentIndex,
-                            .colorAttachmentSlot = i,
-                            .renderbuffer = renderbuffer.get(),
-                            .hasInlinePayload = true,
-                            .inlinePayload = rbClearPayload,
-                        });
-                    }
-
-                    if (width == 0)
-                        width = static_cast<Int>(rbResource->extent.width);
-                    if (height == 0)
-                        height = static_cast<Int>(rbResource->extent.height);
-
-                    trackedAttachmentLayouts.emplace_back(TrackedAttachmentLayoutInfo {
-                        .target = TrackedAttachmentTarget::Renderbuffer,
-                        .renderbuffer = renderbuffer,
-                        .finalLayout = rbDesc.finalLayout,
-                    });
-                    textureResources.emplace_back(nullptr);
-                    attachmentViews.emplace_back(rbAttachmentFormat != rbResource->format ? rbResource->unormTwinView
-                                                                                          : rbResource->view);
-                    MOBILEGL_ASSERT(attachmentViews.back() != VK_NULL_HANDLE,
-                                    "GetOrCreateRenderPass: renderbuffer view missing at color attachment %d", i);
-
-                    colorAttachmentRefs[i].attachment = rbAttachmentIndex;
-                    continue;
-                }
-            }
-
            auto* texture = ResolveCompleteColorAttachmentTexture(fbo, drawbuf, i);
            if (texture == nullptr)
                continue;
@@ -998,10 +696,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                case TextureTarget::Texture2D:
                case TextureTarget::Texture2DArray:
                case TextureTarget::Texture2DMultisample:
-                case TextureTarget::Texture2DMultisampleArray:
-                case TextureTarget::Texture3D:
-                case TextureTarget::TextureCubeMap:
-                case TextureTarget::TextureCubeMapArray:
                case TextureTarget::TextureRectangle: {
                    desc.flags = 0;
                    desc.format = isDefaultFbo ?
@@ -1024,7 +718,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                    if (hasClear) {
                        pendingClearAttachments.emplace_back(PendingClearAttachmentInfo {
                            .attachmentIndex = attachmentIndex,
-                            .colorAttachmentSlot = i,
                            .key = VkClearManager::MakePendingClearKey(att)
                        });
                    }
@@ -1040,13 +733,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(swapchainImageIndex < swapchainViews.size(),
                                        "GetOrCreateRenderPass: swapchain image index out of range");
                        trackedColorLayout = m_swapchainObject.GetImageLayout(swapchainImageIndex);
-                        // EGL: a presented color buffer's content is undefined when its
-                        // image comes back around (EGL_BUFFER_DESTROYED, the default
-                        // swap behaviour) - skip the tile load instead of reloading
-                        // stale pixels nobody may rely on.
-                        if (!hasClear && !m_swapchainObject.IsImageContentDefined(swapchainImageIndex)) {
-                            trackedColorLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
-                        }
                        trackedAttachmentLayouts.emplace_back(TrackedAttachmentLayoutInfo {
                            .target = TrackedAttachmentTarget::SwapchainColor,
                            .swapchainImageIndex = swapchainImageIndex,
@@ -1060,15 +746,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(textureResource,
                                        "GetOrCreateRenderPass: SyncTextureAndGetDescriptor failed at color attachment %d", i);
                        textureResources.emplace_back(textureResource);
-                        desc.format = ResolveSrgbAttachmentWriteFormat(
-                            textureResource->format,
-                            MG_State::pGLContext->IsCapabilityEnabled(MobileGL::CapabilityInput::FramebufferSrgb));
+                        desc.format = textureResource->format;
                        attachmentSampleCount = textureResource->sampleCount;
                        trackedColorLayout = textureResource->layout;
                        trackedAttachmentLayouts.emplace_back(TrackedAttachmentLayoutInfo {
                            .target = TrackedAttachmentTarget::Texture,
                            .texture = att.GetTexture(),
-                            .textureRaw = att.GetTexture().get(),
                            .textureMipLevel = attachmentMipLevel,
                            .finalLayout = desc.finalLayout,
                        });
@@ -1132,12 +815,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        };
        const auto* selectedDepthStencilAttachment = isUsableDepthStencilAttachment(depthAtt) ? &depthAtt :
                                                     (isUsableDepthStencilAttachment(stencilAtt) ? &stencilAtt : nullptr);
-        // Depth-less default-FBO flavor: nothing in this pass touches depth/stencil
-        // and their content is undefined anyway (EGL swap), so drop the attachment
-        // and its whole tile load + store.
-        if (isDefaultFbo && !includeDefaultFboDepthStencil) {
-            selectedDepthStencilAttachment = nullptr;
-        }
        const Bool hasDistinctDepthAndStencilAttachments =
            isUsableDepthStencilAttachment(depthAtt) && isUsableDepthStencilAttachment(stencilAtt) &&
            !sameDepthStencilAttachmentObject(depthAtt, stencilAtt);
@@ -1156,12 +833,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            VkImageLayout trackedDepthLayout = isDefaultFbo ?
                m_swapchainObject.GetDepthStencilImageLayout(swapchainImageIndex) :
                VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
-            // EGL 1.5 §3.10.1: every ancillary (depth/stencil) buffer's content is
-            // undefined after a swap, so the first default-FBO pass of a frame can
-            // skip the depth/stencil tile load outright.
-            if (isDefaultFbo && !m_swapchainObject.IsDepthStencilContentDefined(swapchainImageIndex)) {
-                trackedDepthLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
-            }
            depthAttachmentDescription.flags = 0;
            VkSampleCountFlagBits depthAttachmentSampleCount = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
            Int depthAttachmentId = 0;
@@ -1245,7 +916,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                trackedAttachmentLayouts.emplace_back(TrackedAttachmentLayoutInfo {
                    .target = TrackedAttachmentTarget::Texture,
                    .texture = selectedDepthStencilAttachment->GetTexture(),
-                    .textureRaw = selectedDepthStencilAttachment->GetTexture().get(),
                    .textureMipLevel = attachmentMipLevel,
                    .finalLayout = depthAttachmentDescription.finalLayout,
                });
@@ -1291,22 +961,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        }
        const Bool hasDepthStencilAttachment = depthAttachmentRef.attachment != VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED;

-        // Declare only the used colour-reference span. The GL draw-buffer array
-        // always spans 8 slots, so passes used to declare colorAttachmentCount=8
-        // with trailing VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED holes - and Adreno configures its
-        // per-pixel render-backend/export path from the DECLARED count, so every
-        // fragment of every pass paid the 8-target export cost (measured on
-        // Adreno 650 / MC 26.2: 11.9 -> 7.5 ms of GPU time per frame, with the
-        // single-quad swapchain blit pass alone dropping 1.26 -> 0.40 ms).
-        // Interior GL_NONE holes keep their slots so fragment-output locations
-        // still line up; a fragment output at a location past the trimmed count
-        // is discarded, which is exactly GL's semantic for writing to a draw
-        // buffer set to GL_NONE.
-        while (!colorAttachmentRefs.empty() &&
-               colorAttachmentRefs.back().attachment == VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED) {
-            colorAttachmentRefs.pop_back();
-        }
-
        // Subpass
        VkSubpassDescription subpassDesc;
        subpassDesc.flags = 0;
@@ -1320,52 +974,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        subpassDesc.preserveAttachmentCount = 0;
        subpassDesc.pPreserveAttachments = nullptr;

-        // External subpass dependencies. Without them there is NO execution/memory
-        // dependency between consecutive render passes (or a pass and a transfer)
-        // touching the same attachments when the image layout does not change — the
-        // layout-transition helper no-ops on identical layouts and no other barrier
-        // exists. Tile-based GPUs then race tile loads against the previous pass's
-        // stores (multi-pass FBO chains like MC 26.3's OIT flicker on Adreno).
-        // Conservative both-ways dependencies: prior writes (attachment output,
-        // depth/stencil, transfer, shader) are made visible to this pass's loads,
-        // and this pass's attachment writes to subsequent sampling/transfer/loads.
-        VkSubpassDependency subpassDependencies[2];
-        subpassDependencies[0] = {};
-        subpassDependencies[0].srcSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL;
-        subpassDependencies[0].dstSubpass = 0;
-        subpassDependencies[0].srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT |
-                                              VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT |
-                                              VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;
-        subpassDependencies[0].srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT |
-                                               VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT |
-                                               VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT | VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
-        subpassDependencies[0].dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT |
-                                              VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT |
-                                              VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT |
-                                              VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
-        subpassDependencies[0].dstAccessMask =
-            VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT |
-            VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT |
-            VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT;
-        subpassDependencies[0].dependencyFlags = 0;
-        subpassDependencies[1] = {};
-        subpassDependencies[1].srcSubpass = 0;
-        subpassDependencies[1].dstSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL;
-        subpassDependencies[1].srcStageMask =
-            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT;
-        subpassDependencies[1].srcAccessMask =
-            VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT | VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
-        subpassDependencies[1].dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT |
-                                              VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT |
-                                              VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT |
-                                              VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT |
-                                              VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;
-        subpassDependencies[1].dstAccessMask =
-            VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT |
-            VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT |
-            VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
-        subpassDependencies[1].dependencyFlags = 0;
-
        // Render Pass
        VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderPassCreateInfo;
        renderPassCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO;
@@ -1375,8 +983,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        renderPassCreateInfo.pAttachments = attachmentDescriptions.data();
        renderPassCreateInfo.subpassCount = 1;
        renderPassCreateInfo.pSubpasses = &subpassDesc;
-        renderPassCreateInfo.dependencyCount = 2;
-        renderPassCreateInfo.pDependencies = subpassDependencies;
+        renderPassCreateInfo.dependencyCount = 0;
+        renderPassCreateInfo.pDependencies = nullptr;

        VkRenderPass renderPass = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        VK_VERIFY(vkCreateRenderPass(m_device, &renderPassCreateInfo, nullptr, &renderPass));
@@ -1407,7 +1015,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            hasDepthStencilAttachment,
            renderPassSampleCount,
            extent,
-            framebufferLayers };
+            static_cast<Int>(framebufferLayers) };
        MGLOG_D("VkRenderPassManager::GetOrCreateRenderPass: hash=0x%llx compatibilityHash=0x%llx attachmentCount=%u colorAttachmentCount=%u samples=%d extent=%dx%d",
                static_cast<unsigned long long>(hash),
                static_cast<unsigned long long>(compatibilityHash),
@@ -1417,54 +1025,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                extent.x(),
                extent.y());
        auto [insertedIt, _] = m_renderPasses.emplace(hash, Move(renderPassEntry));
-        insertedIt->second.lastUsedFrame = m_frameCounter;
        return insertedIt->second;
    }

-    void VkRenderPassManager::OnPresent() {
-        ++m_frameCounter;
-
-        // Runs every frame boundary, ahead of the render-pass sweep gate below: the walk
-        // is O(#renderbuffer resources) — single digits in practice — and per-frame
-        // invocation keeps dead-resource reclaim latency at the aging bound instead of
-        // coupling it to renderbuffer *use* (the GetOrCreateRenderbufferResource call
-        // site never runs again once an app stops using renderbuffers).
-        CollectRenderbufferGarbage();
-        CollectDeferredRenderbufferReleases(/*destroyAll=*/false);
-
-        // Sweep occasionally; evict entries whose last use is far past every
-        // in-flight frame so their VkRenderPass/VkFramebuffer can be destroyed
-        // safely (RenderPassEntry's destructor releases the handles).
-        constexpr Uint64 kSweepInterval = 256;
-        constexpr Uint64 kRetireAgeFrames = 1024;
-        if ((m_frameCounter % kSweepInterval) != 0) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // Collect the dying handles and notify once after the loop: pipelines hashed
-        // on them share the entries' >kRetireAgeFrames idleness (they are only bound
-        // by draws that hit those entries), so the observer may destroy them
-        // immediately - and a single batched notification costs one pipeline-cache
-        // scan instead of one per evicted pass.
-        Vector<VkRenderPass> destroyedRenderPasses;
-        const Uint64 activeHash = s_hasActiveRenderPass ? s_activeRenderPass.hash : 0;
-        for (auto it = m_renderPasses.begin(); it != m_renderPasses.end();) {
-            const Bool isActive = s_hasActiveRenderPass && it->first == activeHash;
-            if (!isActive && m_frameCounter - it->second.lastUsedFrame > kRetireAgeFrames) {
-                if (m_rpFastValid && m_rpFastRenderPassHash == it->first) {
-                    m_rpFastValid = false;
-                }
-                destroyedRenderPasses.push_back(it->second.renderPass);
-                it = m_renderPasses.erase(it);
-            } else {
-                ++it;
-            }
-        }
-        if (!destroyedRenderPasses.empty() && m_evictionObserver != nullptr) {
-            m_evictionObserver->OnRenderPassesDestroyed(destroyedRenderPasses);
-        }
-    }
-
    Bool VkRenderPassManager::BeginRenderPass(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, RenderPassEntry& renderPassEntry) {
        // TODO: Transition all the attachments into proper layout before starting the render pass
        VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderPassBeginInfo;
@@ -1515,17 +1078,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        renderPassBeginInfo.pClearValues = clearValues.data();

        vkCmdBeginRenderPass(commandBuffer, &renderPassBeginInfo, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
-        // Pre-pass stream bookkeeping: this pass's attachment images are now
-        // referenced by the open frame recording.
-        if (s_textureManager != nullptr) {
-            for (const auto& tracked : renderPassEntry.trackedAttachmentLayouts) {
-                if (tracked.target == TrackedAttachmentTarget::Texture) {
-                    if (const auto texture = tracked.texture.lock()) {
-                        s_textureManager->StampTextureRecordingUse(texture.get());
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
        for (const auto& pending: renderPassEntry.pendingClearAttachments) {
            if (pending.hasInlinePayload) {
                if (s_renderPassManager != nullptr) {
@@ -1578,15 +1130,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                    case TrackedAttachmentTarget::SwapchainColor:
                        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(s_swapchainObject != nullptr, "EndRenderPass: swapchain object is null");
                        s_swapchainObject->SetImageLayout(trackedAttachment.swapchainImageIndex, trackedAttachment.finalLayout);
-                        // The pass stored into the attachment: its content is defined
-                        // until the image is next presented.
-                        s_swapchainObject->SetImageContentDefined(trackedAttachment.swapchainImageIndex, true);
                        break;
                    case TrackedAttachmentTarget::SwapchainDepthStencil:
                        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(s_swapchainObject != nullptr, "EndRenderPass: swapchain object is null");
                        s_swapchainObject->SetDepthStencilImageLayout(trackedAttachment.swapchainImageIndex,
                                                                      trackedAttachment.finalLayout);
-                        s_swapchainObject->SetDepthStencilContentDefined(trackedAttachment.swapchainImageIndex, true);
                        break;
                    default:
                        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(false, "EndRenderPass: unsupported tracked attachment target=%d",
@@ -27,12 +27,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    };

    struct PendingClearAttachmentInfo {
-        // Index into the render pass attachment descriptions (VkRenderPassBeginInfo::pClearValues space).
        Uint32 attachmentIndex = 0;
-        // Index into the subpass pColorAttachments (VkClearAttachment::colorAttachment space) — the GL
-        // draw-buffer slot. Differs from attachmentIndex when earlier slots are GL_NONE/incomplete.
-        // Only meaningful for color clears.
-        Uint32 colorAttachmentSlot = 0;
        PendingClearKey key{};
        MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject* renderbuffer = nullptr;
        Bool hasInlinePayload = false;
@@ -42,11 +37,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    struct TrackedAttachmentLayoutInfo {
        TrackedAttachmentTarget target = TrackedAttachmentTarget::Texture;
        WeakPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> texture;
-        // Identity-compare shortcut for the per-draw "does the active pass use
-        // this sampled texture" probe: comparing this against a LIVE texture's
-        // address needs no weak_ptr::lock (two refcount atomics per probe).
-        // May dangle once the texture dies - compare only, never dereference.
-        MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* textureRaw = nullptr;
        WeakPtr<MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject> renderbuffer;
        Uint32 textureMipLevel = 0;
        Uint32 swapchainImageIndex = 0;
@@ -78,10 +68,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        Bool hasDepthStencilAttachment = false;
        VkSampleCountFlagBits sampleCount = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
        IntVec2 extent = {0, 0};
-        // VkFramebufferCreateInfo::layers of the entry's framebuffer (>1 for layered GL attachments).
-        Uint32 layers = 1;
-        // Frame counter value of the last GetOrCreateRenderPass hit; drives cache eviction.
-        Uint64 lastUsedFrame = 0;
+        Uint32 subpass = 0;

        RenderPassEntry() = default;
        RenderPassEntry(const RenderPassEntry&) = delete;
@@ -97,8 +84,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            std::swap(hasDepthStencilAttachment, that.hasDepthStencilAttachment);
            std::swap(sampleCount, that.sampleCount);
            std::swap(extent, that.extent);
-            std::swap(layers, that.layers);
-            std::swap(lastUsedFrame, that.lastUsedFrame);
+            std::swap(subpass, that.subpass);
        }
        RenderPassEntry(
            Uint64 hash,
@@ -111,7 +97,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            Uint32 colorAttachmentCount,
            Bool hasDepthStencilAttachment,
            VkSampleCountFlagBits sampleCount,
-            IntVec2 extent, Uint32 layers):
+            IntVec2 extent, int subpass):
            hash(hash),
            renderPass(renderpass),
            framebuffer(framebuffer),
@@ -123,7 +109,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            hasDepthStencilAttachment(hasDepthStencilAttachment),
            sampleCount(sampleCount),
            extent(extent),
-            layers(layers)
+            subpass(subpass)
        {}

        ~RenderPassEntry() {
@@ -162,61 +148,24 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    class VkRenderPassManager {
    public:
        using HashType = Uint64;
-
-        // Notified once per OnPresent sweep with every aged-out entry's VkRenderPass
-        // value: pipelines are hashed on the raw handle, and once destroyed the value
-        // may be recycled for an incompatible pass, so dependent caches must purge
-        // everything keyed on them before any new pass can be created (the sweep and
-        // the notification run back-to-back with no creation in between; observers
-        // compare the values, never dereference them). Batched so a mass-idle cohort
-        // (shader-pack switch, dimension exit) costs the observer one pipeline-cache
-        // scan, not one per dying pass. The wholesale paths
-        // (Shutdown/RecreateSwapchain) do not notify - their callers already drop
-        // every pipeline outright.
-        class IEvictionObserver {
-        public:
-            virtual ~IEvictionObserver() = default;
-            virtual void OnRenderPassesDestroyed(const Vector<VkRenderPass>& renderPasses) = 0;
-        };
-
        VkRenderPassManager(VkDevice device,
            VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, VmaAllocator allocator, const VulkanRendererConfig& config,
            VkClearManager& clearManager, VkTextureManager& textureManager, SwapchainObject& swapchainObject);
        ~VkRenderPassManager();

-        // Observer may be null (no notifications). Not owned.
-        void SetEvictionObserver(IEvictionObserver* observer) { m_evictionObserver = observer; }
-
        Bool Initialize();
        void Shutdown();

        HashType ComputeHash(
            const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& fbo,
            Uint32 swapchainImageIndex,
-            Bool includePendingClear = true,
-            Bool includeDefaultFboDepthStencil = true);
-        // drawUsesDepthStencil: whether the operation about to run inside the pass
-        // reads or writes the depth/stencil buffer (depth test or stencil test
-        // enabled, or a depth/stencil clear). Only consulted for the DEFAULT
-        // framebuffer: EGL undefines its ancillary buffers at every swap, so a
-        // default-FBO pass whose draws provably never touch depth/stencil is
-        // created WITHOUT the depth attachment - on a tiler that skips the whole
-        // depth tile load AND store. The flavor only escalates: once a pass with
-        // depth is active, later depth-less draws keep using it, and a depth-using
-        // draw against a depth-less active pass resolves to a new (incompatible)
-        // entry, which the caller's compatibility check turns into a pass split;
-        // the new pass's depth loads DONT_CARE (content was undefined all along).
-        RenderPassEntry& GetOrCreateRenderPass(const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& fbo,
-                                               Uint32 swapchainImageIndex,
-                                               Bool drawUsesDepthStencil = true);
+            Bool includePendingClear = true);
+        RenderPassEntry& GetOrCreateRenderPass(const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& fbo, Uint32 swapchainImageIndex);
        void QueueRenderbufferClear(GLbitfield mask, const ClearFramebufferPayload& clearPayload,
                                    const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& drawFbo);
        void QueueRenderbufferClear(const ClearAttachmentPayload& clearPayload,
                                    const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferAttachmentObject& attachment);
        void PopPendingRenderbufferClear(MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject* renderbuffer);
-        // Frame boundary hook: ages the render-pass cache and evicts long-unused
-        // entries (their command buffers retired many frames ago).
-        void OnPresent();
        static Bool BeginRenderPass(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, RenderPassEntry& renderPassEntry);
        static Bool EndRenderPass(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer);
        static ActiveRenderPassInfo* GetActiveRenderPass();
@@ -229,22 +178,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        VkTextureManager& m_textureManager;
        SwapchainObject& m_swapchainObject;
        UnorderedMap<Uint64, RenderPassEntry> m_renderPasses;
-        // Monotonic frame counter (bumped in OnPresent) for render-pass cache aging.
-        Uint64 m_frameCounter = 0;
-        IEvictionObserver* m_evictionObserver = nullptr;

        // Bumped whenever a renderbuffer VkImage is (re)created; together with the texture
        // manager's image epoch this invalidates the render-pass fast path on any attachment
        // image recreation.
        Uint64 m_renderbufferImageEpoch = 1;

-    public:
-        // Bumped whenever a renderbuffer backing is (re)created; consecutive-draw
-        // snapshots include it so an attachment respecify forces a re-resolve.
-        Uint64 GetRenderbufferImageEpoch() const { return m_renderbufferImageEpoch; }
-
-    private:
-
        // Per-draw fast-path memo for GetOrCreateRenderPass (dirty-flag state tracking): when the
        // framebuffer state is provably unchanged since the last resolution, the active render pass
        // is reused WITHOUT recomputing the expensive per-draw hash. Invalidated by FBO switch /
@@ -257,26 +196,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        Uint64 m_rpFastTexEpoch = 0;
        Uint64 m_rpFastRbEpoch = 0;
        Uint64 m_rpFastRenderPassHash = 0;
-        // Whether the memoized entry carries a depth/stencil attachment; a
-        // default-FBO resolution whose effective depth request differs must
-        // miss the memo (the depth-less/depth-full flavors hash differently).
-        Bool m_rpFastHadDepthStencil = false;

-    public:
        struct RenderbufferResource {
-            // deadSinceFrame sentinel: the owning weak reference has not been observed
-            // expired. Dead resources age past every in-flight frame before Destroy
-            // (see CollectRenderbufferGarbage); the GPU may still reference the image
-            // for frames-in-flight frames after the GL object dies.
-            static constexpr Uint64 kNeverObservedDead = UINT64_MAX;
-
            WeakPtr<MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject> renderbuffer;
            VkImage image = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
            VmaAllocation allocation = nullptr;
            VkImageView view = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            // UNORM reinterpretation of an sRGB image, used as the attachment view while
-            // GL_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB is disabled (raw writes). Null for non-sRGB formats.
-            VkImageView unormTwinView = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
            VkImageLayout layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
            VkFormat format = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
            VkImageAspectFlags aspect = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_NONE;
@@ -284,51 +209,25 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            VkSampleCountFlagBits sampleCount = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
            TextureInternalFormat internalFormat = TextureInternalFormat::Unknown;
            Int samples = 0;
-            // m_frameCounter value at which the weak reference was first seen expired.
-            Uint64 deadSinceFrame = kNeverObservedDead;

            void Destroy(VkDevice device, VmaAllocator allocator);
        };

-        // Public so the renderer's blit/copy/readback bindings can source renderbuffer
-        // attachments the same way texture attachments go through the texture manager.
-        RenderbufferResource* GetOrCreateRenderbufferResource(
-            const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject>& renderbuffer);
-        Bool GetPendingRenderbufferClear(MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject* renderbuffer,
-                                         ClearAttachmentPayload& outPayload) const;
-
-    private:
        struct PendingRenderbufferClear {
            WeakPtr<MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject> renderbuffer;
            ClearAttachmentPayload payload{};
        };

-        // A superseded renderbuffer backing (glRenderbufferStorage respecify) parked
-        // until enough frame boundaries have passed that no in-flight command buffer
-        // can still reference it; destroyed in OnPresent (see RetireAgeFrames).
-        struct DeferredRenderbufferRelease {
-            VkImage image = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            VmaAllocation allocation = nullptr;
-            VkImageView view = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            VkImageView unormTwinView = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            Uint64 deferredAtFrame = 0;
-        };
-
        UnorderedMap<MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject*, RenderbufferResource> m_renderbufferResources;
        UnorderedMap<MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject*, PendingRenderbufferClear> m_pendingRenderbufferClears;
-        Vector<DeferredRenderbufferRelease> m_deferredRenderbufferReleases;
-        // Supported sample counts per attachment format, so per-draw resource lookups
-        // do not repeat vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties.
-        UnorderedMap<VkFormat, VkSampleCountFlags> m_attachmentSampleCountsByFormat;

+        RenderbufferResource* GetOrCreateRenderbufferResource(
+            const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject>& renderbuffer);
+        Bool GetPendingRenderbufferClear(MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject* renderbuffer,
+                                         ClearAttachmentPayload& outPayload) const;
        Bool HasPendingRenderbufferClear(
            const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferAttachmentObject& attachment) const;
        void CollectRenderbufferGarbage();
-        // Frame-boundary margin after which a resource last referenced by a retired
-        // GL object (or superseded backing) is provably past every in-flight frame.
-        Uint64 RetireAgeFrames() const;
-        void DeferRenderbufferBackingRelease(RenderbufferResource& resource);
-        void CollectDeferredRenderbufferReleases(Bool destroyAll);

        static inline XXH64_state_t* m_hashState = XXH64_createState();
        static inline ActiveRenderPassInfo s_activeRenderPass{};
@@ -51,18 +51,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        Float ResolveEffectiveMinLod(const MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject& sampler, Float effectiveMaxLod) {
            return std::min(sampler.GetMinLod(), effectiveMaxLod);
        }
-
-        // A single-level view can only ever deliver the base level, but the LOD clamp must not be
-        // collapsed to exactly 0: both GL and Vulkan pick magFilter over minFilter from the
-        // *clamped* lambda, so maxLod = 0 would make every fragment magnify and quietly retire the
-        // min filter. 0.25 is the value VkSamplerCreateInfo's own note prescribes for emulating
-        // GL's non-mipmapped minification - large enough for lambda to stay positive, small enough
-        // that a NEAREST mip mode still rounds down to level 0. Clamped rather than assigned, so a
-        // texture whose GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LOD really is 0 keeps magnifying as GL says it must.
-        Float ResolveSingleLevelMaxLod(const MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject& sampler, Bool singleLevelView) {
-            const Float maxLod = ResolveEffectiveMaxLod(sampler);
-            return singleLevelView ? std::min(maxLod, 0.25f) : maxLod;
-        }
    } // namespace

    Bool VkSamplerManager::Initialize(const InitInfo& initInfo) {
@@ -70,26 +58,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {

        m_device = initInfo.device;
        m_config = initInfo.config;
-        m_samplerAnisotropySupported = initInfo.samplerAnisotropySupported;
-        m_maxSamplerAnisotropy = std::max(initInfo.maxSamplerAnisotropy, 1.0f);
        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(m_device != VK_NULL_HANDLE && m_config != nullptr,
                        "VkSamplerManager::Initialize failed: invalid initialization info");
        return true;
    }

-    Float VkSamplerManager::ResolveEffectiveMaxAnisotropy(const MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject& sampler,
-                                                           Bool forceNearestFiltering) const {
-        if (!m_samplerAnisotropySupported) return 1.0f;
-        if (forceNearestFiltering) return 1.0f;
-        // VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-anisotropyEnable-01071/01072: anisotropy requires both filters to
-        // be LINEAR and the value to sit within [1, limits.maxSamplerAnisotropy].
-        if (sampler.GetMinFilter() != SamplerFilterMode::Linear ||
-            sampler.GetMagFilter() != SamplerFilterMode::Linear) {
-            return 1.0f;
-        }
-        return std::clamp(sampler.GetMaxAnisotropy(), 1.0f, m_maxSamplerAnisotropy);
-    }
-
    void VkSamplerManager::Shutdown() {
        for (auto& [_, sampler] : m_samplers) {
            if (m_device != VK_NULL_HANDLE && sampler.handle != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
@@ -101,44 +74,13 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {

        m_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        m_config = nullptr;
-        m_frameBoundaryCounter = 0;
-    }
-
-    void VkSamplerManager::OnFrameBoundary() {
-        ++m_frameBoundaryCounter;
-
-        // Sweep occasionally; destroy samplers whose last use is far past every
-        // in-flight frame. Destroy and erase must stay atomic, or Shutdown would
-        // double-free the handle; an evicted key that recurs simply re-creates
-        // its sampler on the next miss.
-        constexpr Uint64 kSweepInterval = 256;
-        constexpr Uint64 kRetireAgeBoundaries = 1024;
-        if ((m_frameBoundaryCounter % kSweepInterval) != 0) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        for (auto it = m_samplers.begin(); it != m_samplers.end();) {
-            auto& entry = it->second;
-            if (m_frameBoundaryCounter - entry.lastUsedFrameBoundary > kRetireAgeBoundaries) {
-                if (m_device != VK_NULL_HANDLE && entry.handle != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-                    vkDestroySampler(m_device, entry.handle, nullptr);
-                }
-                it = m_samplers.erase(it);
-            } else {
-                ++it;
-            }
-        }
    }

    Uint64 VkSamplerManager::BuildSamplerKey(const MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject& sampler,
-                                             const MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture,
-                                             Bool forceNearestFiltering, Bool singleLevelView) const {
+                                             const MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture) const {
        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(m_config != nullptr, "VkSamplerManager::BuildSamplerKey: m_config is null");
        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_reset(m_hashState, m_config->CacheVersion));

-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &forceNearestFiltering, sizeof(forceNearestFiltering)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &singleLevelView, sizeof(singleLevelView)));
-
        const auto minFilter = sampler.GetMinFilter();
        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &minFilter, sizeof(minFilter)));
        const auto magFilter = sampler.GetMagFilter();
@@ -151,17 +93,15 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &wrapT, sizeof(wrapT)));
        const auto wrapR = sampler.GetWrapR();
        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &wrapR, sizeof(wrapR)));
-        const auto maxLod = ResolveSingleLevelMaxLod(sampler, singleLevelView);
+        const auto maxLod = ResolveEffectiveMaxLod(sampler);
        const auto minLod = ResolveEffectiveMinLod(sampler, maxLod);
        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &minLod, sizeof(minLod)));
        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &maxLod, sizeof(maxLod)));
        const auto lodBias = sampler.GetLodBias();
        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &lodBias, sizeof(lodBias)));
-        // The RESOLVED value, not the GL request: samplers that only differ in an anisotropy Vulkan
-        // will not apply (NEAREST filtering, or requests past the device limit) must still share one
-        // VkSampler, while two samplers that really do differ must not collide onto the first one's.
-        const auto maxAnisotropy = ResolveEffectiveMaxAnisotropy(sampler, forceNearestFiltering);
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &maxAnisotropy, sizeof(maxAnisotropy)));
+        // Anisotropy is currently an accepted frontend-only state on DirectVulkan.
+        // Keep it out of the key so changing this no-op does not manufacture duplicate
+        // VkSamplers while sampler versioning still exposes the new frontend value.
        const auto compareMode = sampler.GetCompareMode();
        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &compareMode, sizeof(compareMode)));
        const auto compareFunc = ResolveCompareFunc(sampler, texture);
@@ -172,44 +112,29 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    }

    VkSampler VkSamplerManager::GetOrCreateSampler(const MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject& sampler,
-                                                   const MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture,
-                                                   Bool forceNearestFiltering, Uint32 viewLevelCount) {
-        // A view that exposes a single mip level has no second level to blend with, so GL's
-        // *_MIPMAP_* minification filters degenerate to plain filtering on the base level -
-        // sampling is unchanged by pinning the Vulkan sampler to NEAREST mip mode at LOD 0.
-        // It is not cosmetic: MobileGL backs such a view with a fully allocated mip chain whose
-        // tail is never written, and a LINEAR mip mode lets the texture unit issue the level+1
-        // fetch anyway. On Adreno that fetch lands in uninitialized UBWC pages (or past the
-        // allocation for a genuinely single-level image) and faults the GPU - the same failure
-        // the default-framebuffer blit shader had to work around with an explicit-LOD sample.
-        const Bool singleLevelView = viewLevelCount == 1;
-        const Uint64 key = BuildSamplerKey(sampler, texture, forceNearestFiltering, singleLevelView);
+                                                   const MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture) {
+        const Uint64 key = BuildSamplerKey(sampler, texture);
        auto it = m_samplers.find(key);
        if (it != m_samplers.end()) {
-            it->second.lastUsedFrameBoundary = m_frameBoundaryCounter;
            return it->second.handle;
        }

        VkSamplerCreateInfo samplerInfo{};
        samplerInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_CREATE_INFO;
-        samplerInfo.magFilter = forceNearestFiltering ? VK_FILTER_NEAREST : ToVkFilter(sampler.GetMagFilter());
-        samplerInfo.minFilter = forceNearestFiltering ? VK_FILTER_NEAREST : ToVkFilter(sampler.GetMinFilter());
-        samplerInfo.mipmapMode = (forceNearestFiltering || singleLevelView)
-                                     ? VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_NEAREST
-                                     : ToVkMipmapMode(sampler.GetMipmapMode());
+        samplerInfo.magFilter = ToVkFilter(sampler.GetMagFilter());
+        samplerInfo.minFilter = ToVkFilter(sampler.GetMinFilter());
+        samplerInfo.mipmapMode = ToVkMipmapMode(sampler.GetMipmapMode());
        samplerInfo.addressModeU = ToVkAddressMode(sampler.GetWrapS());
        samplerInfo.addressModeV = ToVkAddressMode(sampler.GetWrapT());
        samplerInfo.addressModeW = ToVkAddressMode(sampler.GetWrapR());
        samplerInfo.mipLodBias = sampler.GetLodBias();
-        // Must use the same resolver as BuildSamplerKey - a divergence would either collide two
-        // different samplers or silently create duplicates.
-        const Float maxAnisotropy = ResolveEffectiveMaxAnisotropy(sampler, forceNearestFiltering);
-        samplerInfo.anisotropyEnable = maxAnisotropy > 1.0f ? VK_TRUE : VK_FALSE;
-        samplerInfo.maxAnisotropy = maxAnisotropy;
+        // DirectVulkan does not yet plumb samplerAnisotropy feature/limit discovery;
+        // preserve the accepted frontend state without requesting an unsupported feature.
+        samplerInfo.anisotropyEnable = VK_FALSE;
+        samplerInfo.maxAnisotropy = 1.0f;
        samplerInfo.compareEnable = sampler.GetCompareMode() == SamplerCompareMode::CompareToTexture ? VK_TRUE : VK_FALSE;
        samplerInfo.compareOp = ToVkCompareOp(ResolveCompareFunc(sampler, texture));
-        // Must match BuildSamplerKey's resolution exactly.
-        samplerInfo.maxLod = ResolveSingleLevelMaxLod(sampler, singleLevelView);
+        samplerInfo.maxLod = ResolveEffectiveMaxLod(sampler);
        samplerInfo.minLod = ResolveEffectiveMinLod(sampler, samplerInfo.maxLod);
        samplerInfo.borderColor = ResolveVkBorderColor(sampler, texture);
        samplerInfo.unnormalizedCoordinates = VK_FALSE;
@@ -221,7 +146,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        entry.handle = vkSampler;
        entry.externalIndex = sampler.GetExternalIndex();
        entry.version = sampler.GetVersion();
-        entry.lastUsedFrameBoundary = m_frameBoundaryCounter;
        m_samplers[key] = entry;
        return vkSampler;
    }
@@ -24,47 +24,23 @@ public:
    struct InitInfo {
        VkDevice device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        const VulkanRendererConfig* config = nullptr;
-        // The samplerAnisotropy device feature was requested and granted at vkCreateDevice.
-        Bool samplerAnisotropySupported = false;
-        // VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::maxSamplerAnisotropy.
-        Float maxSamplerAnisotropy = 1.0f;
    };

    Bool Initialize(const InitInfo& initInfo);
    void Shutdown();

-    // viewLevelCount is the mip-level count of the image view this sampler will be paired
-    // with; 0 means "unknown, do not narrow". See GetOrCreateSampler for why it matters.
    VkSampler GetOrCreateSampler(const MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject& sampler,
-                                 const MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture,
-                                 Bool forceNearestFiltering = false,
-                                 Uint32 viewLevelCount = 0);
-    // Frame boundary hook: ages the sampler cache and destroys samplers not used
-    // for many frames. The key hashes continuous float state (lodBias, LOD clamps,
-    // anisotropy), so an app animating those would otherwise mint an unbounded
-    // stream of never-destroyed VkSamplers and eventually exhaust the device's
-    // maxSamplerAllocationCount. A sampler idle for over a thousand frame
-    // boundaries cannot be referenced by any in-flight command buffer (frames in
-    // flight are single digits), and every descriptor set the GPU consumes is
-    // written that same frame with live handles (the per-binding resolve memo and
-    // descriptor-set reuse are both frame-reset), so destruction here needs no
-    // fence wait. Self-gated: one counter bump and compare except on sweep
-    // boundaries.
-    void OnFrameBoundary();
+                                 const MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture);

 private:
    struct SamplerCacheEntry {
        VkSampler handle = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        Uint externalIndex = 0;
        Uint16 version = 0;
-        // Frame boundary of the last cache hit; entries idle past the
-        // OnFrameBoundary retirement age have their VkSampler destroyed.
-        Uint64 lastUsedFrameBoundary = 0;
    };

    Uint64 BuildSamplerKey(const MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject& sampler,
-                           const MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture,
-                           Bool forceNearestFiltering, Bool singleLevelView) const;
+                           const MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture) const;
    static VkFilter ToVkFilter(SamplerFilterMode mode);
    static VkSamplerMipmapMode ToVkMipmapMode(SamplerMipmapMode mode);
    static VkSamplerAddressMode ToVkAddressMode(SamplerWrapMode mode);
@@ -73,20 +49,10 @@ private:
                                                 const MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture);
    static VkBorderColor ResolveVkBorderColor(const MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject& sampler,
                                              const MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture);
-    // The anisotropy Vulkan will actually apply: 1.0 (i.e. disabled) unless the feature is on and
-    // the sampler filters linearly both ways, otherwise the GL request clamped to the device limit.
-    // GL happily carries GL_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY on a NEAREST sampler (Blaze3D's blocks do exactly
-    // that) while Vulkan forbids anisotropyEnable there, so the GL value must never be forwarded raw.
-    Float ResolveEffectiveMaxAnisotropy(const MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject& sampler,
-                                        Bool forceNearestFiltering) const;

    VkDevice m_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    const VulkanRendererConfig* m_config = nullptr;
-    Bool m_samplerAnisotropySupported = false;
-    Float m_maxSamplerAnisotropy = 1.0f;
    UnorderedMap<Uint64, SamplerCacheEntry> m_samplers;
-    // Monotonic frame-boundary counter (bumped in OnFrameBoundary) for cache aging.
-    Uint64 m_frameBoundaryCounter = 0;
    static inline XXH64_state_t* m_hashState = XXH64_createState();
 };
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan
@@ -13,24 +13,18 @@
 #include <MG_State/GLState/TextureState/TextureObject.h>
 #include <vk_mem_alloc.h>
 #include <unordered_map>
-#include <unordered_set>

 namespace MobileGL::MG_State::GLState {
 class ITextureObject;
 }

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
-enum class SamplerNumericDomain : Uint8;
-
 class VkTextureManager {
 public:
    // Monotonic epoch bumped whenever a texture VkImage is (re)created. The render-pass
    // manager keys its per-draw fast path on this so an attachment's image recreation
    // invalidates the cached render pass (dirty-flag tracking; portable to Vulkan 1.1).
    Uint64 GetTextureImageEpoch() const { return m_textureImageEpoch; }
-    // Bumped whenever any tracked texture resource is erased; cached
-    // TextureResource pointers are valid only while this is unchanged.
-    Uint64 GetResourceEraseEpoch() const { return m_resourceEraseEpoch; }

    struct TextureIdentity {
        MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture = nullptr;
@@ -56,9 +50,6 @@ public:
        VkCommandPool commandPool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        VkQueue graphicsQueue = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        Uint32 frameCount = 0;
-        // VK_KHR_image_format_list is enabled: MUTABLE_FORMAT images can name the exact set of
-        // formats they will be viewed as, which is what lets a tiler keep them compressed.
-        Bool imageFormatListSupported = false;
    };

    struct TextureResource {
@@ -67,16 +58,12 @@ public:
            Uint32 baseArrayLayer = 0;
            Uint32 layerCount = 1;
            VkImageViewType viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
-            // May differ from the image format: sRGB images attach through their UNORM
-            // twin while GL_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB is disabled.
-            VkFormat viewFormat = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;

            Bool operator==(const AttachmentViewKey& other) const {
                return mipLevel == other.mipLevel &&
                       baseArrayLayer == other.baseArrayLayer &&
                       layerCount == other.layerCount &&
-                       viewType == other.viewType &&
-                       viewFormat == other.viewFormat;
+                       viewType == other.viewType;
            }
        };

@@ -87,63 +74,6 @@ public:
                hash ^= std::hash<Uint32>{}(key.layerCount) + 0x9e3779b9u + (hash << 6) + (hash >> 2);
                hash ^= std::hash<Uint32>{}(static_cast<Uint32>(key.viewType)) +
                        0x9e3779b9u + (hash << 6) + (hash >> 2);
-                hash ^= std::hash<Uint32>{}(static_cast<Uint32>(key.viewFormat)) +
-                        0x9e3779b9u + (hash << 6) + (hash >> 2);
-                return hash;
-            }
-        };
-
-        struct StorageImageViewKey {
-            Uint32 mipLevel = 0;
-            Uint32 baseArrayLayer = 0;
-            Uint32 layerCount = 1;
-            VkImageViewType viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
-            VkFormat format = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
-
-            Bool operator==(const StorageImageViewKey& other) const {
-                return mipLevel == other.mipLevel &&
-                       baseArrayLayer == other.baseArrayLayer &&
-                       layerCount == other.layerCount &&
-                       viewType == other.viewType &&
-                       format == other.format;
-            }
-        };
-
-        struct SampledImageViewKey {
-            Uint32 baseMipLevel = 0;
-            Uint32 levelCount = 1;
-            VkImageViewType viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
-            VkFormat format = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
-
-            Bool operator==(const SampledImageViewKey& other) const {
-                return baseMipLevel == other.baseMipLevel &&
-                       levelCount == other.levelCount &&
-                       viewType == other.viewType &&
-                       format == other.format;
-            }
-        };
-
-        struct SampledImageViewKeyHash {
-            SizeT operator()(const SampledImageViewKey& key) const {
-                SizeT hash = std::hash<Uint32>{}(key.baseMipLevel);
-                hash ^= std::hash<Uint32>{}(key.levelCount) + 0x9e3779b9u + (hash << 6) + (hash >> 2);
-                hash ^= std::hash<Uint32>{}(static_cast<Uint32>(key.viewType)) +
-                        0x9e3779b9u + (hash << 6) + (hash >> 2);
-                hash ^= std::hash<Uint32>{}(static_cast<Uint32>(key.format)) +
-                        0x9e3779b9u + (hash << 6) + (hash >> 2);
-                return hash;
-            }
-        };
-
-        struct StorageImageViewKeyHash {
-            SizeT operator()(const StorageImageViewKey& key) const {
-                SizeT hash = std::hash<Uint32>{}(key.mipLevel);
-                hash ^= std::hash<Uint32>{}(key.baseArrayLayer) + 0x9e3779b9u + (hash << 6) + (hash >> 2);
-                hash ^= std::hash<Uint32>{}(key.layerCount) + 0x9e3779b9u + (hash << 6) + (hash >> 2);
-                hash ^= std::hash<Uint32>{}(static_cast<Uint32>(key.viewType)) +
-                        0x9e3779b9u + (hash << 6) + (hash >> 2);
-                hash ^= std::hash<Uint32>{}(static_cast<Uint32>(key.format)) +
-                        0x9e3779b9u + (hash << 6) + (hash >> 2);
                return hash;
            }
        };
@@ -155,8 +85,6 @@ public:
        Vector<VkImageView> perMipViews;
        Vector<VkImageView> perMipSampledViews;
        UnorderedMap<AttachmentViewKey, VkImageView, AttachmentViewKeyHash> attachmentViews;
-        UnorderedMap<SampledImageViewKey, VkImageView, SampledImageViewKeyHash> alternateSampledViews;
-        UnorderedMap<StorageImageViewKey, VkImageView, StorageImageViewKeyHash> storageImageViews;
        VkImageLayout layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
        VkExtent2D extent = {0, 0};
        Uint32 depth = 1;
@@ -168,26 +96,7 @@ public:
        VkImageAspectFlags aspect = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_NONE;
        VkImageViewType viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
        VkSampleCountFlagBits sampleCount = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
-        VkImageCreateFlags imageCreateFlags = 0;
-        // Usage the live image was created with. STORAGE is only requested for textures that
-        // have actually been bound to a GL image unit, because on Adreno a storage-capable
-        // image loses UBWC bandwidth compression; a later image binding upgrades the usage
-        // and recreates the image, so the resolved usage has to be part of the compatibility
-        // check that decides whether the existing image can be kept.
-        VkImageUsageFlags usageFlags = 0;
-        // True once this image was (re)resolved while the texture was already marked as an
-        // image-unit texture. Distinguishes "not upgraded yet" from "cannot be upgraded"
-        // (a format whose optimalTilingFeatures lack STORAGE_IMAGE never gains the bit), so
-        // NeedsStorageImagePreparation cannot ask for a recreate that will never happen.
-        Bool storageUsageResolved = false;
        Uint16 syncedTextureParamsVersion = 0;
-        // Recording generation (VkTextureManager::GetRecordingGeneration) of the last
-        // command referencing this image that was recorded into the CURRENT frame
-        // command buffer. An image untouched by the open recording may have its
-        // out-of-pass work (deferred clears, sampled-layout transitions) recorded
-        // into the frame's PRE command buffer - which executes strictly before the
-        // frame's commands - instead of splitting the active render pass.
-        Uint64 lastRecordingGeneration = 0;
        // Snapshot of ITextureObject::GetContentVersion() at the last successful sync;
        // lets SyncTexture skip the whole re-check/re-upload when content is unchanged.
        Uint64 syncedContentVersion = 0;
@@ -206,8 +115,6 @@ public:
            std::swap(this->perMipViews, that.perMipViews);
            std::swap(this->perMipSampledViews, that.perMipSampledViews);
            std::swap(this->attachmentViews, that.attachmentViews);
-            std::swap(this->alternateSampledViews, that.alternateSampledViews);
-            std::swap(this->storageImageViews, that.storageImageViews);
            std::swap(this->layout, that.layout);
            std::swap(this->extent, that.extent);
            std::swap(this->depth, that.depth);
@@ -219,11 +126,7 @@ public:
            std::swap(this->aspect, that.aspect);
            std::swap(this->viewType, that.viewType);
            std::swap(this->sampleCount, that.sampleCount);
-            std::swap(this->imageCreateFlags, that.imageCreateFlags);
-            std::swap(this->usageFlags, that.usageFlags);
-            std::swap(this->storageUsageResolved, that.storageUsageResolved);
            std::swap(this->syncedTextureParamsVersion, that.syncedTextureParamsVersion);
-            std::swap(this->lastRecordingGeneration, that.lastRecordingGeneration);
            std::swap(this->syncedContentVersion, that.syncedContentVersion);
            std::swap(this->syncedMipLevelCount, that.syncedMipLevelCount);
        }
@@ -250,16 +153,6 @@ public:
                    vkDestroyImageView(s_device, attachmentView, nullptr);
                }
            }
-            for (const auto& [_, sampledView] : alternateSampledViews) {
-                if (sampledView != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-                    vkDestroyImageView(s_device, sampledView, nullptr);
-                }
-            }
-            for (const auto& [_, storageImageView] : storageImageViews) {
-                if (storageImageView != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-                    vkDestroyImageView(s_device, storageImageView, nullptr);
-                }
-            }
            if (image != VK_NULL_HANDLE && allocation != nullptr) {
                vmaDestroyImage(s_allocator, image, allocation);
            }
@@ -268,8 +161,6 @@ public:
            perMipViews.clear();
            perMipSampledViews.clear();
            attachmentViews.clear();
-            alternateSampledViews.clear();
-            storageImageViews.clear();
            image = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
            allocation = nullptr;
            layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
@@ -283,9 +174,6 @@ public:
            aspect = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_NONE;
            viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
            sampleCount = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
-            imageCreateFlags = 0;
-            usageFlags = 0;
-            storageUsageResolved = false;
            syncedTextureParamsVersion = 0;
            syncedContentVersion = 0;
            syncedMipLevelCount = 0;
@@ -302,10 +190,6 @@ public:
    Bool Initialize(const InitInfo& initInfo);
    void Shutdown();
    void BeginFrame(Uint32 frameIndex);
-    // Drains every frame slot's deferred image/view releases. Only valid when
-    // the caller has proven every queue submission complete; used by the
-    // present-less frame-boundary drain.
-    void CollectAllDeferredReleases();

    TextureResource* SyncTextureAndGetDescriptor(
        MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture);
@@ -314,9 +198,6 @@ public:
                                                    Uint32 baseArrayLayer, Uint32 layerCount,
                                                    VkImageViewType viewType);
    VkImageView GetOrCreateSampledViewAtMipLevel(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture, Uint32 mipLevel);
-    VkImageView GetOrCreateSampledImageView(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture, VkFormat format);
-    VkImageView GetOrCreateStorageImageView(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture, Uint32 mipLevel,
-                                            VkFormat format, Bool layered, Int32 layer);
    void UpdateTrackedImageLayout(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture, VkImageLayout newLayout);
    void UpdateTrackedImageLayoutAfterAttachmentWrite(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer,
                                                      MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture,
@@ -325,41 +206,7 @@ public:
    Bool TransitionTextureForSampling(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture);
    Bool TransitionTextureForStorageImage(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture);

-    // Recording-generation bookkeeping for the pre-pass command stream. The
-    // generation advances every time the frame command buffer (re)begins
-    // recording; a resource whose stamp does not match was not referenced by
-    // any command in the open recording, so its out-of-pass work may safely
-    // execute ahead of the whole recording (in the pre command buffer).
-    void AdvanceRecordingGeneration() { ++m_recordingGeneration; }
-    void StampResourceRecordingUse(TextureResource& resource) const {
-        resource.lastRecordingGeneration = m_recordingGeneration;
-    }
-    // Map-lookup variant for callers that only hold the GL texture object.
-    void StampTextureRecordingUse(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture);
-    Bool WasTouchedThisRecording(const TextureResource& resource) const {
-        return resource.lastRecordingGeneration == m_recordingGeneration;
-    }
-    // Records that this texture is bound to a GL image unit, so its image must carry
-    // VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT. Must be called before NeedsStorageImagePreparation, and
-    // therefore before the render pass is committed: an image that has to be upgraded is
-    // recreated, which is illegal inside a render pass. Sticky for the texture's lifetime -
-    // GL lets an image binding come and go, and re-creating the image every time it does
-    // would cost far more than the compression it wins back.
-    void MarkStorageImageTexture(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture);
-    // True when this texture is marked but its live image predates the mark, i.e. the next sync
-    // will recreate it with STORAGE usage and copy the old contents forward. Callers use this to
-    // submit their pending recording first, so that copy cannot read pre-flush content.
-    Bool NeedsStorageUsageUpgrade(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture) const;
-    // Non-mutating probe for the per-draw storage-image fast path: true when preparing this
-    // texture as a storage image may need work that is illegal inside a render pass (resource
-    // creation, dirty-content upload, or a layout transition to GENERAL). Unknown state reports
-    // true - a false positive merely ends the render pass, a false negative would skip a barrier.
-    Bool NeedsStorageImagePreparation(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture) const;
-
    static VkImageAspectFlags ResolveSampledImageViewAspectMask(VkImageAspectFlags imageAspect);
-    static VkFormat ResolveSampledImageViewFormat(VkFormat imageFormat, SamplerNumericDomain numericDomain);
-    static Bool AreSampledImageViewFormatsCompatible(VkFormat imageFormat, VkFormat viewFormat);
-    static Bool AreStorageImageViewFormatsCompatible(VkFormat imageFormat, VkFormat viewFormat);

    static Bool TransitionImageLayout(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, VkImage image, VkImageLayout& trackedLayout,
                               VkImageLayout newLayout, VkPipelineStageFlags srcStageMask,
@@ -396,9 +243,6 @@ public:
 private:
    // Bumped in SyncTextureResource right after vmaCreateImage(texture). See GetTextureImageEpoch().
    Uint64 m_textureImageEpoch = 1;
-    // See AdvanceRecordingGeneration. Starts above every resource's default
-    // stamp of 0 so a fresh resource counts as untouched.
-    Uint64 m_recordingGeneration = 1;

    Bool SyncTexture(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject &texture,
                     TextureResource &outResource);
@@ -411,8 +255,7 @@ private:
                                VkImageViewType viewType, Uint32 baseMipLevel, Uint32 levelCount,
                                Uint32 baseArrayLayer,
                                Uint32 layerCount,
-                                const VkComponentMapping* components = nullptr,
-                                VkImageUsageFlags viewUsage = 0) const;
+                                const VkComponentMapping* components = nullptr) const;
    Bool UploadDirtyMipLevels(MG_State::GLState::TextureObjectMipmap &mipmapTexture,
                      TextureUploadTarget uploadTarget,
                      TextureResource &outResource);
@@ -429,28 +272,18 @@ private:
    void DeferViewRelease(VkImageView view);
    void CollectDeferredReleases(Uint32 frameIndex);
    void DestroyDeferredReleases();
-    // Frees the fence/command buffer/staging buffer of every in-flight texture
-    // upload whose fence has signaled (submission order = completion order on
-    // the single queue, so the scan stops at the first still-pending entry).
-    // waitAll blocks on every entry - Shutdown's drain.
-    void ReclaimCompletedUploads(Bool waitAll = false);
    static TextureIdentity MakeTextureIdentity(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture);
    void EraseTrackedTexture(const TextureIdentity& identity);
    void PruneStaleTextureAliases(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture);
-    SizeT PruneDeadTextures();

    VkDevice m_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    VkPhysicalDevice m_physicalDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    VmaAllocator m_allocator = nullptr;
    VkCommandPool m_commandPool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    VkQueue m_graphicsQueue = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    Bool m_imageFormatListSupported = false;
    Uint32 m_currentFrameIndex = 0;

    Uint8 m_gcCounter = 0;
-    // Frame-boundary GC gate: counts BeginFrame calls, not draws, so texture churn
-    // through non-draw paths (FBO clears, readbacks) still reaches the prune.
-    Uint32 m_gcFrameCounter = 0;
    // Active only between BeginDrawSyncScope/EndDrawSyncScope; identities of
    // textures already fully synced in the current draw (small N -> flat scan).
    Bool m_drawSyncScopeActive = false;
@@ -463,45 +296,9 @@ private:
        TextureResource* resource = nullptr;
    };
    Vector<DrawSyncedTexture> m_drawSyncedThisDraw;
-    // Cross-draw sampled-texture memo: the same few textures (atlas, lightmap)
-    // are resolved on every draw, so cache their resource pointers and skip the
-    // alive/resource map lookups. Node-based std::unordered_map keeps the
-    // pointees stable across inserts; erases bump m_resourceEraseEpoch, which
-    // every memo entry must match. SyncTexture still runs on memo hits, so
-    // content/param freshness is unaffected. A dead-then-reused texture address
-    // cannot false-hit: the new object carries a new lifetime id.
-    struct SyncedTextureMemoEntry {
-        const MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture = nullptr;
-        Uint64 lifetimeId = 0;
-        Uint64 eraseEpoch = 0;
-        TextureResource* resource = nullptr;
-    };
-    static constexpr Uint32 kSyncedTextureMemoSize = 8;
-    SyncedTextureMemoEntry m_syncedTextureMemo[kSyncedTextureMemoSize];
-    Uint32 m_syncedTextureMemoNext = 0;
-    Uint64 m_resourceEraseEpoch = 1;
-    // Formats whose mutable-image probe failed on this device; their images are created
-    // without MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT so repeat syncs neither re-probe nor flag-mismatch.
-    std::unordered_set<VkFormat> m_mutableFormatUnsupported;
    std::unordered_map<TextureIdentity, WeakPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>, TextureIdentityHash> m_aliveObjects;
    std::unordered_map<TextureIdentity, TextureResource, TextureIdentityHash> m_textureResources;
-    // Textures that have been bound to a GL image unit (see MarkStorageImageTexture).
-    std::unordered_set<TextureIdentity, TextureIdentityHash> m_storageImageTextures;
-    // Supported multisample counts per format, so repeat texture syncs do not
-    // re-query vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties.
-    std::unordered_map<VkFormat, VkSampleCountFlags> m_multisampleCountsByFormat;
    Vector<Vector<TextureResource>> m_deferredReleases;
    Vector<Vector<VkImageView>> m_deferredViewReleases;
-    // Texture uploads are submitted out-of-band but NOT waited on (waiting
-    // behind the queue serialized the CPU against the previous frame's GPU
-    // work every time an animated atlas re-uploaded). Their transient objects
-    // are parked here and reclaimed once the upload fence signals.
-    struct PendingUploadReclaim {
-        VkFence fence = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-        VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-        VkBuffer stagingBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-        VmaAllocation stagingAllocation = nullptr;
-    };
-    Vector<PendingUploadReclaim> m_pendingUploadReclaims;
 };
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan
@@ -51,12 +51,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        Uint32 instanceCount = 1;
        Uint32 firstVertex = 0;
        Uint32 firstInstance = 0;
-        // Indexed-draw metadata for bounding vertex-stream conversion. baseVertex is the
-        // draw's base-vertex offset; indexRangeIsExactView is true only when the draw
-        // fetches exactly the indices its IndexBufferView describes (direct DrawElements;
-        // multi/indirect forms leave it false because the CPU cannot bound their ranges).
-        Int32 baseVertex = 0;
-        Bool indexRangeIsExactView = false;
    };

    struct DrawIndexedCmdParam {
@@ -76,10 +70,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        GLenum indexType = GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT;
        SizeT indexByteOffset = 0;
        SizeT indexByteSize = 0;
-        // Interpret indexByteOffset as a raw client pointer even when an element
-        // array buffer is bound (backend-synthesized index lists, e.g. the
-        // GL_LINE_LOOP -> LINE_STRIP rewrite).
-        Bool forceClientMemory = false;
    };

    struct DrawIndexedCmd {
@@ -118,10 +108,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        }
    };

-    class VulkanRenderer : public IBufferCopyCommandProvider,
-                           public FrameContext::IRecordingObserver,
-                           public VkRenderPassManager::IEvictionObserver,
-                           public ProgramFactory::IEvictionObserver {
+    class VulkanRenderer : public IBufferCopyCommandProvider, public FrameContext::IRecordingObserver {
    public:
        VulkanRenderer(NativeWindowType window, const VulkanRendererConfig& cfg = {});
        ~VulkanRenderer();
@@ -138,42 +125,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // recording, before any render pass.
        void OnFrameCommandRecordingBegan(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer) override;

-        // VkRenderPassManager::IEvictionObserver: the render-pass aging sweep just
-        // destroyed these VkRenderPasses; evict every graphics pipeline hashed on a
-        // dying handle (they share its >1024-boundary idleness, so immediate
-        // destruction is safe) and drop the last-pipeline memo if any went.
-        void OnRenderPassesDestroyed(const Vector<VkRenderPass>& renderPasses) override;
-
-        // ProgramFactory::IEvictionObserver: an aged-out program entry was
-        // destroyed; evict its compute pipeline and graphics pipelines (same
-        // idleness guarantee - they are only bound through draws/dispatches that
-        // stamp the program entry) and purge the descriptor-set cache entries
-        // keyed by its now-recyclable VkDescriptorSetLayout handle.
-        void OnProgramEvicted(ProgramFactory::HashType programHash,
-                              VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout) override;
-
        Bool SetupDraw(FrameContext::FrameData& frame, GLenum mode, Flags<DrawSetupAspect> aspects,
                       const DrawCmdParam& drawParams,
                       const IndexBufferView* pIndexBufferView = nullptr);
-        // ANGLE-style consecutive-draw fast path: SetupDraw snapshots the fully
-        // resolved draw configuration; the next draw whose cheap version/identity
-        // checks all match skips the resolution half (LOD probe, sampled-set
-        // walk, render-pass and pipeline resolution) and jumps straight to the
-        // per-draw tail. Returns false (leaving no side effects that the full
-        // path cannot redo idempotently) whenever anything might have changed.
-        Bool TrySetupDrawFastPath(FrameContext::FrameData& frame, GLenum mode, Flags<DrawSetupAspect> aspects,
-                                  const DrawCmdParam& drawParams, const IndexBufferView* pIndexBufferView);
        void ClearAttachmentsOnActiveRenderPass(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer,
                                                const RenderPassEntry& compatibleRenderPassEntry);

-        enum class ScissoredClearPrep {
-            NotNeeded,  // scissor covers the whole target — take the deferred whole-surface path instead
-            NoOp,       // nothing to clear (degenerate target or empty scissor rect)
-            Ready,      // a render pass is active; record vkCmdClearAttachments with the returned rect
-        };
-        ScissoredClearPrep PrepareScissoredClear(const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& framebuffer,
-                                                 VkClearRect& outClearRect);
-
        void Clear(GLbitfield mask);
        void ClearBufferfi(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, GLfloat depth, GLint stencil);
        void ClearBufferfv(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLfloat* value);
@@ -200,30 +157,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                              GLsizei srcWidth, GLsizei srcHeight, GLsizei srcDepth);
        void GenerateMipmap(GLenum target);
        void ReadPixels(GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLenum format, GLenum type, void* pixels);
-        // GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT / GL_DEPTH_STENCIL / GL_STENCIL_INDEX readback from the
-        // read framebuffer's depth/stencil attachment (per-aspect buffer copies with
-        // CPU repacking into the requested client layout).
-        void ReadDepthStencilPixels(MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& readFbo, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width,
-                                    GLsizei height, GLenum format, GLenum type, void* pixels);
-        // Copy-and-repack core shared by depth-stencil ReadPixels and GetTexImage;
-        // expects command recording to be active and any render pass already ended.
-        void ReadDepthStencilImageToClient(VkImage image, VkFormat vkFormat, VkImageLayout* trackedLayout,
-                                           VkImageAspectFlags imageAspect, Uint32 mipLevel, Uint32 baseArrayLayer,
-                                           GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLenum format, GLenum type,
-                                           void* pixels);
-        // Same-extent depth blit between images of different depth formats: host
-        // round-trip with a per-texel re-encode (see BlitNamedFramebuffer).
-        Bool BlitDepthAcrossFormats(FrameContext::FrameData& frame, VkImage srcImage, VkFormat srcFormat,
-                                    VkImageLayout* srcTrackedLayout, Uint32 srcMipLevel, Uint32 srcBaseArrayLayer,
-                                    VkImage dstImage, VkFormat dstFormat, VkImageLayout* dstTrackedLayout,
-                                    Uint32 dstMipLevel, Uint32 dstBaseArrayLayer, GLint srcX, GLint srcY, GLint dstX,
-                                    GLint dstY, GLint width, GLint height, VkImageLayout srcRestoreLayout,
-                                    VkImageLayout dstRestoreLayout, Bool stencilAspect);
-        static SizeT GetReadbackTexelSize(VkFormat sourceFormat);
-        static Bool ConvertReadbackPixels(const Uint8* sourcePixels, VkFormat sourceFormat,
-                                          GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLenum destinationFormat,
-                                          GLenum destinationType, SizeT destinationRowStride,
-                                          Uint8* destinationPixels);
        void GetTexImage(GLenum target, GLint level, GLenum format, GLenum type, GLvoid* pixels);
        void GetTextureImage(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& texture,
                             TextureUploadTarget uploadTarget, GLint level, GLenum format, GLenum type,
@@ -286,9 +219,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // frontend. Timestamp support (queue timestampValidBits > 0 and a
        // non-zero timestampPeriod) is cached at device creation.
        Bool IsTimerQuerySupported() const;
-        // The samplerAnisotropy device feature was granted, so GL_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY_EXT is
-        // honored rather than accepted-and-ignored.
-        Bool IsSamplerAnisotropySupported() const { return m_samplerAnisotropyFeatureEnabled; }
        // Ensures the frame command buffer is recording (same lazy pattern as
        // SetupDraw) and writes a bottom-of-pipe timestamp into the current
        // frame's pool. Null when unsupported or the pool is exhausted.
@@ -304,23 +234,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                                      const VkTimerQueryManager::TimestampRecord& end) const;
        Uint64 GetTimerQueryTimestampNs(const VkTimerQueryManager::TimestampRecord& record) const;

-        // GL_SAMPLES_PASSED occlusion queries: every app draw between Start and Stop is
-        // wrapped in a Vulkan occlusion query slot; the result is the slot sum. Requires
-        // hostQueryReset for slot recycling - Start fails (frontend keeps the query
-        // unsupported) when the device lacks it.
-        Bool StartOcclusionQueryCapture();
-        void StopOcclusionQueryCapture(Vector<Uint32>& outSlots);
-        // Flushes pending commands, waits, sums the slots, and recycles them.
-        Bool ResolveOcclusionQueryResult(const Vector<Uint32>& slots, Uint64& outSamples);
-
        void RequestSwapchainResize(Uint32 width, Uint32 height);
-        // Re-query the surface and report whether the live swapchain no longer matches it
-        // (size or orientation). This - not a VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR result - is what decides a
-        // rebuild, so a surface the driver merely considers suboptimal cannot thrash.
-        Bool SwapchainIsOutOfDate();
-        // Returns false when the surface is zero-area (minimized/hidden window):
-        // no new swapchain is installed and presentation must stay suspended.
-        Bool RecreateSwapchain();
+        void RecreateSwapchain();

    private:
        struct BlitUniformData {
@@ -360,10 +275,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        void QueueClearBufferPayloadForFramebuffer(const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& framebuffer,
                                                  GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer,
                                                  const ClearAttachmentPayload& clearPayload);
-        void RecordScissoredClearBuffer(const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& framebuffer,
-                                        GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer,
-                                        const ClearAttachmentPayload& clearPayload,
-                                        const VkClearRect& clearRect);

        // ---- Submission fence tracking (GL sync objects) ----
        // One record per vkQueueSubmit still in flight, in ascending submit
@@ -406,55 +317,24 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        VkFence AcquirePooledSubmitFence();
        void DestroySubmitFencePool();
        Bool HasPendingRecordedWork() const;
-        // Frame-boundary housekeeping for paths that never reach Present's
-        // tail (present-less readback loops, suspended presentation, blocking
-        // sync waits): runs the same per-frame drains Present performs, but
-        // only when every queue submission has been observed complete AND no
-        // recorded-but-unsubmitted commands exist - i.e. when CPU-GPU overlap
-        // is provably already zero. Never blocks (non-blocking fence poll
-        // only), so the presenting path's frames-in-flight pipelining is
-        // untouched. Returns true when the drain ran.
-        Bool TryDrainFrameTransients();

        Vector<SubmitRecord> m_inFlightSubmits;
        Vector<VkFence> m_freeSubmitFences;
        Uint64 m_submitCounter = 0;
        Uint64 m_completedSubmitCounter = 0;
-        // Drains since the last Present, gating the drain's frame-boundary-equivalent
-        // work (arena rewind + cache aging): a presenting app's mid-frame
-        // readbacks/waits must neither churn the transient caches nor accelerate the
-        // aging clocks, while present-less loops still cross a boundary every few
-        // iterations. Reset in Present.
-        Uint32 m_drainsSinceLastPresent = 0;

        NativeWindowType m_window = 0;
        void* m_platformDisplay = nullptr;
        void* m_platformLibrary = nullptr;
        void* m_platformCloseDisplay = nullptr;
-        // Some real ICDs (e.g. NVIDIA's proprietary Linux driver) don't implement
-        // VK_EXT_headless_surface at all. Detected once in CreateInstance() from the
-        // enumerated instance extensions; when false, CreateSurface() falls back to a
-        // hidden Xlib window instead of vkCreateHeadlessSurfaceEXT.
-        Bool m_headlessSurfaceSupported = true;
-        // Set when CreateSurface() had to create its own Xlib window for the fallback
-        // above (rather than being handed one by the caller), so Shutdown() knows it
-        // owns that window and must destroy it.
-        Bool m_ownsFallbackXlibWindow = false;
        VulkanRendererConfig m_config;
        Bool m_swapchainResizeRequested = false;
-        // Presentation is suspended while the window is zero-area (minimized): the
-        // swapchain is unusable/out of date, so Present drops frames instead of
-        // submitting on a signaled fence / presenting never-acquired images.
-        Bool m_presentSuspended = false;

        // Vulkan objects
        Bool m_validationLayersEnabled = false;
        Vector<VkExtensionProperties> m_extensions;
        VkInstance m_instance = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT m_debugMessenger = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-        // Fallback reporting channel for drivers that ship the validation layers but
-        // only expose the older VK_EXT_debug_report (Adreno 650 / Vulkan 1.1.128).
-        VkDebugReportCallbackEXT m_debugReportCallback = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        PhysicalDevice m_physicalDevice;
        VkDevice m_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        VmaAllocator m_allocator = nullptr;
@@ -467,10 +347,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        Bool m_indexTypeUint8ExtensionEnabled = false;
        Bool m_logicOpFeatureEnabled = false;
        Bool m_multiDrawIndirectFeatureEnabled = false;
-        Bool m_samplerAnisotropyFeatureEnabled = false;
        Bool m_shaderDrawParametersExtensionEnabled = false;
        Bool m_shaderDrawParametersFeatureEnabled = false;
-        Bool m_unformattedFloatStorageImagesEnabled = false;
        // fillModeNonSolid gates VK_POLYGON_MODE_LINE/_POINT (glPolygonMode); independentBlend gates
        // per-draw-buffer color write masks (glColorMaski). Both are cached at device creation and
        // drive a runtime fallback when the device lacks them.
@@ -492,59 +370,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                                                                 Uint32 stride);
        static inline PFNDrawIndexedIndirectCountFunc s_vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount = nullptr;

-        // VK_EXT_transform_feedback (GL transform feedback capture)
-        Bool m_transformFeedbackFeatureEnabled = false;
-        static inline PFN_vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT s_vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT = nullptr;
-        static inline PFN_vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT s_vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT = nullptr;
-        static inline PFN_vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT s_vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT = nullptr;
-        // Counter buffers (one 4-byte slot per capture binding) let consecutive
-        // draws within one glBeginTransformFeedback append GL-style.
-        VkBufferObject m_xfbCounterBuffer;
-        // Non-zero while inside a GL Begin/End with at least one captured draw
-        // recorded; selects counter-buffer resume on the next captured draw.
-        Bool m_xfbCountersValid = false;
-        Uint64 m_xfbLastSeenGeneration = 0;
-        // Wraps a recorded draw with BeginTransformFeedbackEXT/EndTransformFeedbackEXT
-        // when GL transform feedback is active; binds capture buffers on demand.
-        Bool BeginXfbCaptureForDraw(FrameContext::FrameData& frame);
-        void EndXfbCaptureForDraw(FrameContext::FrameData& frame, Bool began);
-        // Wrap one app draw in an occlusion-query slot while a GL_SAMPLES_PASSED
-        // query is active. Returns whether a slot was begun (End must mirror it).
-        Bool BeginOcclusionForDraw(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer);
-        void EndOcclusionForDraw(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, Bool began);
-        Bool m_occlusionQueryPreciseEnabled = false;
-        Bool m_hostQueryResetEnabled = false;
-        PFN_vkResetQueryPool s_vkResetQueryPool = nullptr;
-        VkQueryPool m_occlusionQueryPool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-        static constexpr Uint32 kOcclusionQuerySlots = 8192;
-        Uint32 m_occlusionSlotCursor = 0;
-        Bool m_occlusionCaptureActive = false;
-        Vector<Uint32> m_occlusionActiveSlots;
-        // Transform feedback primitive queries: one pool slot per captured draw yields
-        // the (written, needed) pair; GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_PRIMITIVES_WRITTEN sums the
-        // first, GL_PRIMITIVES_GENERATED the second - exact with geometry shaders,
-        // unlike the CPU fallback accounting.
-        Bool m_xfbQueriesSupported = false;
-        PFN_vkCmdBeginQueryIndexedEXT s_vkCmdBeginQueryIndexedEXT = nullptr;
-        PFN_vkCmdEndQueryIndexedEXT s_vkCmdEndQueryIndexedEXT = nullptr;
-        VkQueryPool m_xfbQueryPool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-        static constexpr Uint32 kXfbQuerySlots = 8192;
-        Uint32 m_xfbQuerySlotCursor = 0;
-        Bool m_xfbQueryCaptureActive[2] = {false, false}; // [0]=written, [1]=generated
-        Vector<Uint32> m_xfbQueryActiveSlots[2];
-        Bool m_xfbQuerySlotOpen = false;
-        Uint32 m_xfbQueryOpenSlot = 0;
-
-    public:
-        // kind: 0 = PRIMITIVES_WRITTEN, 1 = PRIMITIVES_GENERATED.
-        Bool StartXfbQueryCapture(Uint32 kind);
-        void StopXfbQueryCapture(Uint32 kind, Vector<Uint32>& outSlots);
-        Bool ResolveXfbQueryResult(const Vector<Uint32>& slots, Bool wantGenerated, Uint64& outPrimitives);
-
-    private:
-        void BeginXfbQueryForDraw(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer);
-        void EndXfbQueryForDraw(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer);
-
        VkCommandPool m_commandPool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

        VkBufferManager m_bufferManager;
@@ -557,30 +382,14 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // gather + synthetic vertex-input rebuild + payload hash + lookup) when the full pipeline
        // state is unchanged from the previous draw. The key provably covers every pipeline field.
        // Reset per-frame and on pipeline destruction so the cached handle can never dangle.
-        // Small N-way pipeline-resolution memo (round-robin replacement). A
-        // single-entry memo thrashed on draw sequences that alternate a few
-        // pipelines (GUI text/quad program ping-pong), paying the full
-        // payload-hash lookup per draw; eight entries cover such working sets
-        // while keeping the hit path a trivial linear scan.
-        struct PipelineMemoEntry {
-            GLenum mode = 0;
-            Uint64 programHash = 0;
-            Uint64 vertexInputHash = 0;
-            Uint64 renderPassHash = 0;
-            Uint renderStateVersion = 0;
-            ProgramFactory::CompileOptionFlags transformFlags = {};
-            VkPipeline pipeline = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-        };
-        static constexpr Uint32 kPipelineMemoSize = 8;
-        PipelineMemoEntry m_pipelineMemo[kPipelineMemoSize];
-        Uint32 m_pipelineMemoCount = 0;
-        Uint32 m_pipelineMemoNext = 0;
-        // Drops every memoized pipeline handle. Required at command-buffer
-        // boundaries and whenever any pipeline may have been destroyed.
-        void InvalidatePipelineMemo() {
-            m_pipelineMemoCount = 0;
-            m_pipelineMemoNext = 0;
-        }
+        Bool m_lastPipelineValid = false;
+        GLenum m_lastPipelineMode = 0;
+        Uint64 m_lastPipelineProgramHash = 0;
+        Uint64 m_lastPipelineVertexInputHash = 0;
+        Uint64 m_lastPipelineRenderPassHash = 0;
+        Uint m_lastPipelineRenderStateVersion = 0;
+        ProgramFactory::CompileOptionFlags m_lastPipelineTransformFlags = {};
+        VkPipeline m_lastPipelineResult = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        UnorderedMap<ProgramFactory::HashType, VkPipeline> m_computePipelines;
        UniquePtr<ProgramFactory> m_programFactory;
        UniquePtr<UniformManager> m_uniformManager;
@@ -609,125 +418,16 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        ProgramFactory::CompileOptionFlags m_lastSampledSetTransformFlags = {};
        Uint64 m_lastSampledSetBindGeneration = 0;

-        // Memo for the per-draw explicit-LOD-0 eligibility probe
-        // (ProgramSamplesOnlySingleLevelTextures): same key family as the
-        // sampled-set memo, plus the sampled textures' params-version sum so a
-        // level-range or filter change re-probes. On a hit the resolved
-        // transform flags are reused, which also collapses the two
-        // GetOrCreateProgram lookups into one.
-        Bool m_lastLodDecisionValid = false;
-        Uint64 m_lastLodProgramLifetimeId = 0;
-        Uint32 m_lastLodProgramVersion = 0;
-        Uint64 m_lastLodBindGeneration = 0;
-        Uint64 m_lastLodParamsSum = 0;
-        ProgramFactory::CompileOptionFlags m_lastLodBaseFlags = {};
-        ProgramFactory::CompileOptionFlags m_lastLodResultFlags = {};
-
-        // Snapshot behind TrySetupDrawFastPath. Values only: the program and
-        // render-pass caches are open-addressing maps whose entries move on
-        // insert, so no pointers into them are cached; the pipeline handle is
-        // protected by the command-buffer-boundary reset plus the mid-frame
-        // pipeline-destruction resets, and monotonic epochs guard everything
-        // that can be destroyed or recreated between draws.
-        struct SetupDrawSnapshot {
-            Bool valid = false;
-            Uint8 aspects = 0;
-            GLenum mode = 0;
-            Uint64 programLifetimeId = 0;
-            Uint32 programVersion = 0;
-            const void* vao = nullptr;
-            Uint32 vaoConfigVersion = 0;
-            const void* drawFbo = nullptr;
-            Uint16 fboVersion = 0;
-            Bool drawFboIsDefault = false;
-            Uint renderStateVersion = 0;
-            Uint64 bindGeneration = 0;
-            Uint32 baseTransformFlags = 0;
-            Uint32 resolvedTransformFlags = 0;
-            Uint64 renderPassHash = 0;
-            Uint32 imageIndex = 0;
-            Uint64 textureEraseEpoch = 0;
-            Uint64 textureImageEpoch = 0;
-            Uint64 renderbufferImageEpoch = 0;
-            Uint64 sampledContentSum = 0;
-            Uint64 sampledParamsSum = 0;
-            IntVec2 renderPassExtent = {0, 0};
-            VkPipeline pipeline = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-        };
-        SetupDrawSnapshot m_setupDrawSnapshot;
-
        // Per-draw scratch buffers (clear keeps capacity) — these paths run for every
        // draw call and must not allocate.
        Vector<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject*> m_sampledTexturesScratch;
-        // Parallel to m_sampledTexturesScratch, refilled by every SetupDraw's
-        // first sampled-texture loop: the resolved backend resources, so the
-        // post-transition loop can skip re-resolving textures whose layout is
-        // already sampleable.
-        Vector<VkTextureManager::TextureResource*> m_sampledResourcesScratch;
-        Vector<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject*> m_storageImageTexturesScratch;
        Vector<VkBuffer> m_vertexBuffersScratch;
        Vector<VkDeviceSize> m_vertexOffsetsScratch;
        Vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription> m_patchedAttributesScratch;
-        Vector<Float> m_vertexConversionScratch;
-        Vector<Uint8> m_vertexRepackScratch;
-
-        struct ConvertedVertexStreamKey {
-            const MG_State::GLState::BufferObject* buffer = nullptr;
-            Uint64 changeSerial = 0;
-            SizeT baseOffset = 0;
-            Uint32 sourceStride = 0;
-            DataType type = DataType::Float32;
-            Int size = 0;
-            Bool normalized = false;
-            Bool isInteger = false;
-            VertexInputStateFactory::VertexStreamConversion conversion =
-                VertexInputStateFactory::VertexStreamConversion::None;
-
-            Bool operator==(const ConvertedVertexStreamKey& other) const {
-                return buffer == other.buffer && changeSerial == other.changeSerial &&
-                       baseOffset == other.baseOffset && sourceStride == other.sourceStride &&
-                       type == other.type && size == other.size && normalized == other.normalized &&
-                       isInteger == other.isInteger && conversion == other.conversion;
-            }
-        };
-
-        struct ConvertedVertexStreamKeyHash {
-            SizeT operator()(const ConvertedVertexStreamKey& key) const {
-                SizeT hash = std::hash<const void*>{}(key.buffer);
-                auto combine = [&hash](SizeT value) {
-                    hash ^= value + static_cast<SizeT>(0x9e3779b97f4a7c15ull) + (hash << 6) + (hash >> 2);
-                };
-                combine(std::hash<Uint64>{}(key.changeSerial));
-                combine(std::hash<SizeT>{}(key.baseOffset));
-                combine(std::hash<Uint32>{}(key.sourceStride));
-                combine(std::hash<Uint32>{}(static_cast<Uint32>(key.type)));
-                combine(std::hash<Int>{}(key.size));
-                combine(std::hash<Bool>{}(key.normalized));
-                combine(std::hash<Bool>{}(key.isInteger));
-                combine(std::hash<Uint32>{}(static_cast<Uint32>(key.conversion)));
-                return hash;
-            }
-        };
-
-        struct ConvertedVertexStream {
-            BufferSlice slice;
-            // Number of source elements the cached slice covers. A draw needing a prefix of
-            // this range reuses the slice (converted streams are tightly packed); a draw
-            // needing more reconverts and replaces the entry, so per (buffer, layout) a
-            // frame converts at most the largest range any draw asked for.
-            SizeT elementCount = 0;
-            // Pins the source buffer for the frame so its heap address cannot be reused by
-            // a new BufferObject while this pointer-keyed entry is alive.
-            SharedPtr<const MG_State::GLState::BufferObject> sourcePin;
-        };
-        UnorderedMap<ConvertedVertexStreamKey, ConvertedVertexStream, ConvertedVertexStreamKeyHash>
-            m_convertedVertexStreams;

        void CreateInstance();
        VkResult SetupDebugMessenger();
        VkResult DestroyDebugMessenger();
-        VkResult SetupDebugReportCallback();
-        void DestroyDebugReportCallback();
        VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT PopulateDebugMessengerCreateInfo();
        void CreateSurface();
        void PickPhysicalDevice();
@@ -746,17 +446,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            const RenderPassEntry& renderPassEntry);
        VkPipeline GetOrCreateComputePipeline(const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj);
        void DestroyComputePipelines();
-        // Takes the frame rather than a command buffer: a first-time storage-usage upgrade has to
-        // flush the pending recording (see the body), which retires the current command buffer.
-        Bool PrepareStorageImageTextures(
-            FrameContext::FrameData& frame,
-            const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program,
-            const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj);

        Bool UploadAndBindVertexBuffers(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, const MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject& vao,
                                        const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj,
-                                        const DrawCmdParam& drawParams,
-                                        const IndexBufferView* pIndexBufferView);
+                                        const DrawCmdParam& drawParams);
        Bool UploadAndBindIndexBuffer(FrameContext::FrameData& frame,
                                     const MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject& vao,
                                      const IndexBufferView* pIndexBufferView = nullptr);
@@ -774,9 +467,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                                                   GLenum filter);
        Bool MaterializePendingClearForTexture(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer,
                                               MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture);
-        Bool MaterializePendingClearForRenderbuffer(
-            VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer,
-            const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject>& renderbuffer);
        VkPipeline GetOrCreateBlitPipeline(const RenderPassEntry& renderPassEntry);
        Bool GenerateDepthMipmapWithShader(FrameContext::FrameData& frame,
                                           MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture,
@@ -811,10 +501,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                                                 const PhysicalDevice& compareWithDevice,
                                                 PhysicalDevice& outBetterDevice);
        static constexpr const char* s_validationLayerNames[] = {"VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation"};
-        // VK_KHR_image_format_list: lets MUTABLE_FORMAT images declare their exact view-format
-        // set so the driver can keep bandwidth compression (see CreateLogicalDeviceAndQueues).
-        Bool m_imageFormatListExtensionEnabled = false;
-
        static constexpr const char* s_deviceExtensionNames[] = {VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME};
        static Bool CheckValidationLayerSupport();

@@ -52,48 +52,19 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    }
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

-namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
-    // GL renders into sRGB color attachments RAW while GL_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB is disabled
-    // (the core-profile default); Vulkan sRGB attachments always encode on write. The
-    // attachment view (and render pass format) therefore drops to the UNORM twin
-    // whenever the capability is off. Sampled views keep the sRGB format (decode on
-    // sample is unconditional in GL).
-    inline VkFormat ResolveSrgbAttachmentWriteFormat(VkFormat format, bool framebufferSrgbEnabled) {
-        if (framebufferSrgbEnabled) return format;
-        switch (format) {
-        case VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB:
-            return VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
-        case VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB:
-            return VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
-        default:
-            return format;
-        }
-    }
-} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan
-
-// The context line (__VA_ARGS__ = its own format string + args) must be a SEPARATE log
-// call: appending its format to the base format while its arguments precede the base
-// arguments makes every conversion read the wrong slot (a %s pulling an int crashes).
 #define VK_VERIFY(expr, ...)                                                                                           \
    do {                                                                                                               \
        VkResult _vk_verify_result = (expr);                                                                           \
        if (_vk_verify_result != VK_SUCCESS) {                                                                         \
-            __VA_OPT__(MGLOG_F(__VA_ARGS__);)                                                                          \
-            MGLOG_F("Vulkan error %s (%d) at %s:%d",                                                                   \
+            MGLOG_F("Vulkan error %s (%d) at %s:%d" __VA_OPT__(" - ") __VA_ARGS__,                                  \
                    MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan::VkResultToString(_vk_verify_result),                          \
                    _vk_verify_result, __FILE__, __LINE__);                                                            \
        }                                                                                                              \
-        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(_vk_verify_result == VK_SUCCESS, "Vulkan error %s (%d) at %s:%d",                              \
-                        MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan::VkResultToString(_vk_verify_result),                       \
-                        _vk_verify_result, __FILE__, __LINE__);                                                        \
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(_vk_verify_result == VK_SUCCESS, "Vulkan error %s (%d) at %s:%d" __VA_OPT__(" - ") __VA_ARGS__, MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan::VkResultToString(_vk_verify_result), _vk_verify_result, __FILE__, __LINE__);  \
    } while (0)

 #define XXHASH_VERIFY(expr, ...)                                                                                       \
    do {                                                                                                               \
        XXH_errorcode _xxh_verify_result = (expr);                                                                     \
-        if (_xxh_verify_result != XXH_OK) {                                                                            \
-            __VA_OPT__(MGLOG_F(__VA_ARGS__);)                                                                          \
-        }                                                                                                              \
-        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(_xxh_verify_result == XXH_OK, "XXHash error %d at %s:%d", _xxh_verify_result, __FILE__,        \
-                        __LINE__);                                                                                     \
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(_xxh_verify_result == XXH_OK, "XXHash error %d at %s:%d" __VA_OPT__(" - ") __VA_ARGS__, _xxh_verify_result, __FILE__, __LINE__);  \
    } while (0)
@@ -16,5 +16,4 @@ target_link_libraries(
        ${LINK_LIBRARIES}
 )

-add_test(NAME BufferBench COMMAND BufferBench --benchmark_counters_tabular=true)
-set_tests_properties(BufferBench PROPERTIES LABELS benchmark)
+add_test(NAME BufferBench COMMAND BufferBench --benchmark_counters_tabular=true)
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ target_link_libraries(
 )

 add_test(NAME SanityBench COMMAND SanityBench --benchmark_counters_tabular=true)
-set_tests_properties(SanityBench PROPERTIES LABELS benchmark)

 add_subdirectory(Program)
 add_subdirectory(Buffer)
@@ -16,5 +16,4 @@ target_link_libraries(
        ${LINK_LIBRARIES}
 )

-add_test(NAME ProgramBench COMMAND ProgramBench --benchmark_counters_tabular=true)
-set_tests_properties(ProgramBench PROPERTIES LABELS benchmark)
+add_test(NAME ProgramBench COMMAND ProgramBench --benchmark_counters_tabular=true)
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::CGLImpl {
            GLint Samples = 0;
            GLint Profile = kCGLOGLPVersion_3_2_Core;
            GLint RendererId = 0x4d474c;
-            GLint DisplayMask = 0;
        };

        struct ContextObject {
@@ -135,9 +134,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::CGLImpl {
            case kCGLPFARendererID:
                pixelFormat.RendererId = value;
                break;
-            case kCGLPFADisplayMask:
-                pixelFormat.DisplayMask = value;
-                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
@@ -347,9 +343,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::CGLImpl {
        case kCGLPFARendererID:
            *value = pixelFormat->RendererId;
            return kCGLNoError;
-        case kCGLPFADisplayMask:
-            *value = pixelFormat->DisplayMask;
-            return kCGLNoError;
        case kCGLPFAOpenGLProfile:
            *value = pixelFormat->Profile;
            return kCGLNoError;
@@ -488,32 +481,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::CGLImpl {
        return it == currentContexts.end() ? nullptr : it->second;
    }

-    CGLError SetVirtualScreen(CGLContextObj ctx, GLint screen) {
-        const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(RegistryMutex());
-        auto* object = TryGetContext(ctx);
-        if (!object) {
-            return kCGLBadContext;
-        }
-        if (screen != 0) {
-            return kCGLBadValue;
-        }
-        object->VirtualScreen = screen;
-        return kCGLNoError;
-    }
-
-    CGLError GetVirtualScreen(CGLContextObj ctx, GLint* screen) {
-        const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(RegistryMutex());
-        auto* object = TryGetContext(ctx);
-        if (!object) {
-            return kCGLBadContext;
-        }
-        if (!screen) {
-            return kCGLBadAddress;
-        }
-        *screen = object->VirtualScreen;
-        return kCGLNoError;
-    }
-
    CGLError SetParameter(CGLContextObj ctx, CGLContextParameter pname, const GLint* params) {
        const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(RegistryMutex());
        auto* object = TryGetContext(ctx);
@@ -32,8 +32,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::CGLImpl {

    CGLError SetCurrentContext(CGLContextObj ctx);
    CGLContextObj GetCurrentContext();
-    CGLError SetVirtualScreen(CGLContextObj ctx, GLint screen);
-    CGLError GetVirtualScreen(CGLContextObj ctx, GLint* screen);
    CGLError SetParameter(CGLContextObj ctx, CGLContextParameter pname, const GLint* params);
    CGLError GetParameter(CGLContextObj ctx, CGLContextParameter pname, GLint* params);
    CGLError UpdateContext(CGLContextObj ctx);
@@ -71,14 +71,6 @@ MOBILEGL_CGL_API CGLContextObj CGLGetCurrentContext(void) {
    return MobileGL::MG_Impl::CGLImpl::GetCurrentContext();
 }

-MOBILEGL_CGL_API CGLError CGLSetVirtualScreen(CGLContextObj ctx, GLint screen) {
-    return MobileGL::MG_Impl::CGLImpl::SetVirtualScreen(ctx, screen);
-}
-
-MOBILEGL_CGL_API CGLError CGLGetVirtualScreen(CGLContextObj ctx, GLint* screen) {
-    return MobileGL::MG_Impl::CGLImpl::GetVirtualScreen(ctx, screen);
-}
-
 MOBILEGL_CGL_API CGLError CGLSetParameter(CGLContextObj ctx, CGLContextParameter pname, const GLint* params) {
    return MobileGL::MG_Impl::CGLImpl::SetParameter(ctx, pname, params);
 }
@@ -10,12 +10,8 @@

 #if defined(__APPLE__)

-#include "MG_Impl/CGLImpl/CGLImpl.h"
 #include "MG_Impl/GetProcAddress.h"

-#include <CoreGraphics/CoreGraphics.h>
-#include <CoreVideo/CVDisplayLink.h>
-#include <cstdint>
 #include <dlfcn.h>

 namespace {
@@ -51,52 +47,10 @@ namespace {
        return dlsym(handle, symbol);
    }

-    CGDirectDisplayID DisplayForMask(GLint displayMask) {
-        constexpr std::uint32_t MaxDisplays = sizeof(CGOpenGLDisplayMask) * 8;
-        CGDirectDisplayID displays[MaxDisplays] = {};
-        std::uint32_t displayCount = 0;
-        if (displayMask != 0 &&
-            CGGetActiveDisplayList(MaxDisplays, displays, &displayCount) == kCGErrorSuccess) {
-            const auto mask = static_cast<CGOpenGLDisplayMask>(displayMask);
-            for (std::uint32_t i = 0; i < displayCount; ++i) {
-                if ((CGDisplayIDToOpenGLDisplayMask(displays[i]) & mask) != 0) {
-                    return displays[i];
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return CGMainDisplayID();
-    }
-
-#pragma clang diagnostic push
-#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
-    CVReturn MobileGLCVDisplayLinkSetCurrentCGDisplayFromOpenGLContext(
-        CVDisplayLinkRef displayLink,
-        CGLContextObj context,
-        CGLPixelFormatObj pixelFormat) {
-        GLint virtualScreen = 0;
-        if (MobileGL::MG_Impl::CGLImpl::GetVirtualScreen(context, &virtualScreen) == kCGLNoError) {
-            GLint displayMask = 0;
-            if (!displayLink ||
-                MobileGL::MG_Impl::CGLImpl::DescribePixelFormat(
-                    pixelFormat, virtualScreen, kCGLPFADisplayMask, &displayMask) != kCGLNoError) {
-                return kCVReturnInvalidArgument;
-            }
-            return CVDisplayLinkSetCurrentCGDisplay(displayLink, DisplayForMask(displayMask));
-        }
-
-        using OriginalFunction = CVReturn (*)(CVDisplayLinkRef, CGLContextObj, CGLPixelFormatObj);
-        static const auto original = reinterpret_cast<OriginalFunction>(
-            dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "CVDisplayLinkSetCurrentCGDisplayFromOpenGLContext"));
-        return original ? original(displayLink, context, pixelFormat) : kCVReturnError;
-    }
-
    __attribute__((used)) static const DyldInterposeEntry kMobileGLDyldInterpose[]
        __attribute__((section("__DATA,__interpose"))) = {
            {reinterpret_cast<const void*>(MobileGLDlsym), reinterpret_cast<const void*>(dlsym)},
-            {reinterpret_cast<const void*>(MobileGLCVDisplayLinkSetCurrentCGDisplayFromOpenGLContext),
-             reinterpret_cast<const void*>(CVDisplayLinkSetCurrentCGDisplayFromOpenGLContext)},
        };
-#pragma clang diagnostic pop
 } // namespace

 #endif
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-# Public CGL entry points.
-_CGL*
-
-# Public EGL entry points.
-_egl*
-
-# Public OpenGL and GLX entry points. OpenGL function names always use an
-# uppercase letter or digit after the "gl" prefix; excluding lowercase here
-# deliberately prevents glslang_* from matching this pattern.
-_gl[A-Z0-9]*
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@

 #include "EGLImpl.h"
 #include "../GetProcAddress.h"
-#include <Init.h>
 #include <MG_Backend/BackendObjects.h>
 #include <MG_State/EGLState/Core.h>
 #include <mutex>
@@ -26,17 +25,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::EGLImpl {
            return MG_State::pEGLContext.get();
        }

-        // Entry points that can legitimately be an application's FIRST EGL
-        // call (display/proc-address/string queries) lazily bring MobileGL
-        // up here, so the library needs no static constructor and can
-        // re-initialize after the last eglTerminate tore everything down.
-        // Teardown-ish entry points keep using GetState() and fail benignly
-        // when MobileGL is not initialized.
-        EGLStateContext* GetStateEnsureInitialized() {
-            MobileGL::EnsureInitialized();
-            return GetState();
-        }
-
        MG_Backend::BackendObject* GetBackendObject(EGLStateContext* state) {
            auto* backendObject = MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject.get();
            if (!backendObject && state) {
@@ -61,8 +49,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::EGLImpl {
            return MG_Backend::WindowBackend::Android;
 #elif defined(__APPLE__)
            return MG_Backend::WindowBackend::MetalLayer;
-#elif defined(_WIN32)
-            return MG_Backend::WindowBackend::Win32;
 #elif defined(__linux__)
            return MG_Backend::WindowBackend::X11;
 #else
@@ -201,7 +187,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::EGLImpl {
    }

    EGLBoolean Initialize(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLint* major, EGLint* minor) {
-        auto* state = GetStateEnsureInitialized();
+        auto* state = GetState();
        if (!state) {
            return EGL_FALSE;
        }
@@ -222,7 +208,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::EGLImpl {
    }

    EGLDisplay GetDisplay(NativeDisplayType display) {
-        auto* state = GetStateEnsureInitialized();
+        auto* state = GetState();
        if (!state) {
            return EGL_NO_DISPLAY;
        }
@@ -327,14 +313,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::EGLImpl {
        if (auto* backendObject = MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject.get()) {
            backendObject->ReleaseEGLResources();
        }
-        // The last initialized display is gone and nothing is current on any
-        // thread: tear the whole library down deterministically inside the
-        // EGL lifecycle (backend, GL/EGL state, glslang). A later EGL call
-        // re-initializes lazily via GetStateEnsureInitialized(); process exit
-        // then has nothing left to destroy.
-        if (!state->HasAnyInitializedDisplay() && !state->HasAnyCurrentContext()) {
-            MobileGL::Destroy();
-        }
        return EGL_TRUE;
    }

@@ -367,7 +345,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::EGLImpl {
    }

    EGLBoolean BindAPI(EGLenum api) {
-        auto* state = GetStateEnsureInitialized();
+        auto* state = GetState();
        if (!state) {
            return EGL_FALSE;
        }
@@ -400,7 +378,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::EGLImpl {
    }

    char const* QueryString(EGLDisplay display, EGLint name) {
-        auto* state = GetStateEnsureInitialized();
+        auto* state = GetState();
        if (!state) {
            return nullptr;
        }
@@ -663,7 +641,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::EGLImpl {
    EGLDisplay GetPlatformDisplay(EGLenum platform, void* native_display, const EGLAttrib* attrib_list) {
        (void)attrib_list;

-        auto* state = GetStateEnsureInitialized();
+        auto* state = GetState();
        if (!state) {
            return EGL_NO_DISPLAY;
        }
@@ -759,7 +737,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::EGLImpl {
        if (!name) {
            return nullptr;
        }
-        MobileGL::EnsureInitialized();

        MGLOG_D("eglGetProcAddress(%s)", name);
        void* proc = MG_Impl::GetProcAddress(name);
@@ -441,10 +441,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        for (SizeT i = 0; i < static_cast<SizeT>(n); ++i) {
            Uint bufferName = buffers[i];
            if (bufferName == 0) continue;
-            // GL 3.3 core 2.9: names that do not correspond to an existing buffer are silently
-            // ignored here, so probe with the non-recording query - the shared validator would
-            // record INVALID_OPERATION, which is only correct on the bind path.
-            if (!MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateBufferName(bufferName)) continue;
+            if (!BufferImpl::ValidateBufferName(bufferName, true)) continue;
            MG_State::pGLContext->MarkBufferObjectForDeletion(bufferName);
        }
    }
@@ -1351,14 +1348,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        BufferTarget bufferTarget = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToBufferTarget(target);
        if (!BufferImpl::ValidateBufferBindingPointTarget(bufferTarget)) return;
        if (!BufferImpl::ValidateBufferBindingPointIndex(bufferTarget, pointIndex)) return;
-        if (bufferTarget == BufferTarget::TransformFeedback && MG_State::pGLContext->IsTransformFeedbackActive()) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__,
-                                             "Transform feedback buffer bindings cannot change while transform "
-                                             "feedback is active."));
-            return;
-        }
        MG_State::pGLContext->TouchBufferBindingPoint(bufferTarget, pointIndex);

        auto& point = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBufferBindingPoint(bufferTarget, pointIndex);
@@ -1392,14 +1381,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        BufferTarget bufferTarget = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToBufferTarget(target);
        if (!BufferImpl::ValidateBufferBindingPointTarget(bufferTarget)) return;
        if (!BufferImpl::ValidateBufferBindingPointIndex(bufferTarget, index)) return;
-        if (bufferTarget == BufferTarget::TransformFeedback && MG_State::pGLContext->IsTransformFeedbackActive()) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__,
-                                             "Transform feedback buffer bindings cannot change while transform "
-                                             "feedback is active."));
-            return;
-        }
        MG_State::pGLContext->TouchBufferBindingPoint(bufferTarget, index);

        auto& point = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBufferBindingPoint(bufferTarget, index);
@@ -60,11 +60,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::BufferImpl {
                MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject->GetDynamicParameters().MaxShaderStorageBufferBindings;
            pointCount = std::min(pointCount, static_cast<SizeT>(std::max(backendCount, 0)));
        }
-        if (target == BufferTarget::TransformFeedback) {
-            // GL_MAX_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_SEPARATE_ATTRIBS bounds the indexed capture
-            // binding points in GL 3.3 (no ARB_transform_feedback3).
-            pointCount = std::min<SizeT>(pointCount, 4);
-        }

        if (index < pointCount) {
            return true;
@@ -48,73 +48,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        return true;
    }

-    // Primitives a draw of `count` vertices in `mode` assembles (0 for
-    // incomplete primitives). Used for the CPU-side transform feedback
-    // primitive accounting.
-    static Uint64 CountPrimitivesForDraw(GLenum mode, GLsizei count) {
-        if (count <= 0) return 0;
-        switch (mode) {
-        case GL_POINTS: return static_cast<Uint64>(count);
-        case GL_LINES: return static_cast<Uint64>(count / 2);
-        case GL_LINE_STRIP: return count >= 2 ? static_cast<Uint64>(count - 1) : 0;
-        case GL_LINE_LOOP: return count >= 2 ? static_cast<Uint64>(count) : 0;
-        case GL_TRIANGLES: return static_cast<Uint64>(count / 3);
-        case GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP:
-        case GL_TRIANGLE_FAN: return count >= 3 ? static_cast<Uint64>(count - 2) : 0;
-        default: return 0;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Accumulate the transform feedback primitive counter for a captured draw.
-    // Draws without a geometry stage write exactly the primitives they assemble,
-    // clamped by the capture buffers' remaining capacity (a full buffer stops
-    // recording whole primitives, which is what PRIMITIVES_WRITTEN reports).
-    // Geometry amplification is not modelled here.
-    static void AccountTransformFeedbackPrimitives(GLenum mode, GLsizei count) {
-        if (!MG_State::pGLContext->IsTransformFeedbackActive()) return;
-        Uint64 primitives = CountPrimitivesForDraw(mode, count);
-        if (primitives == 0) return;
-        MG_State::pGLContext->AddTransformFeedbackInputPrimitives(primitives);
-
-        Uint64 verticesPerPrimitive = 1;
-        switch (mode) {
-        case GL_LINES:
-        case GL_LINE_STRIP:
-        case GL_LINE_LOOP:
-            verticesPerPrimitive = 2;
-            break;
-        case GL_TRIANGLES:
-        case GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP:
-        case GL_TRIANGLE_FAN:
-            verticesPerPrimitive = 3;
-            break;
-        default:
-            break;
-        }
-
-        const auto& program = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTransformFeedbackProgram();
-        if (program != nullptr) {
-            // Capacity in captured vertices = the tightest bound buffer.
-            Uint64 capacityVertices = ~0ull;
-            for (SizeT i = 0; i < program->GetTransformFeedbackBufferCount(); ++i) {
-                const Uint32 stride = program->GetTransformFeedbackStride(static_cast<Uint32>(i));
-                if (stride == 0) continue;
-                const auto& point = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBufferBindingPoint(BufferTarget::TransformFeedback,
-                                                                                static_cast<Uint>(i));
-                const Range1D range = point.GetRange();
-                const Uint64 bytes = range.end > range.start ? static_cast<Uint64>(range.end - range.start) : 0;
-                capacityVertices = std::min<Uint64>(capacityVertices, bytes / stride);
-            }
-            if (capacityVertices != ~0ull) {
-                const Uint64 usedVertices = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTransformFeedbackCapturedVertices();
-                const Uint64 remainingVertices = capacityVertices > usedVertices ? capacityVertices - usedVertices : 0;
-                primitives = std::min<Uint64>(primitives, remainingVertices / verticesPerPrimitive);
-            }
-        }
-        MG_State::pGLContext->AddTransformFeedbackPrimitives(primitives);
-        MG_State::pGLContext->AddTransformFeedbackCapturedVertices(primitives * verticesPerPrimitive);
-    }
-
    static Bool ValidatePrimitiveModeForBackend(const char* functionName, GLenum mode) {
        const auto& activeBackendObject = MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject;
        if (!activeBackendObject) {
@@ -124,8 +57,17 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            return false;
        }

+        if (activeBackendObject->GetBackendType() == BackendType::DirectVulkan && mode == GL_LINE_LOOP) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
+                    "MG_Impl/GLImpl", functionName,
+                    "Primitive mode GL_LINE_LOOP is not supported by the DirectVulkan backend."));
+            return false;
+        }
+
        const auto& vao = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBoundVertexArray();
-        if (vao && vao->GetExternalIndex() == 0 && !MG_State::IsRelaxedSemanticsActive()) {
+        if (MG_State::pEGLContext->IsCurrentContextOpenGLCoreProfile() && vao && vao->GetExternalIndex() == 0) {
            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", functionName,
@@ -133,38 +75,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            return false;
        }

-        // While transform feedback is active the draw's primitive type must match
-        // the feedback primitive mode (GL 3.3 core 13.2.2). With a geometry shader
-        // the constraint moves to the shader's output primitive type instead, so
-        // the draw mode itself is unconstrained here.
-        if (MG_State::pGLContext->IsTransformFeedbackActive() &&
-            !(MG_State::pGLContext->GetTransformFeedbackProgram() &&
-              MG_State::pGLContext->GetTransformFeedbackProgram()->GetShaderIndexByStage(ShaderStage::Geometry) >= 0)) {
-            const GLenum feedbackMode = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTransformFeedbackPrimitiveMode();
-            Bool compatible = false;
-            switch (feedbackMode) {
-            case GL_POINTS:
-                compatible = mode == GL_POINTS;
-                break;
-            case GL_LINES:
-                compatible = mode == GL_LINES || mode == GL_LINE_STRIP || mode == GL_LINE_LOOP;
-                break;
-            case GL_TRIANGLES:
-                compatible = mode == GL_TRIANGLES || mode == GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP || mode == GL_TRIANGLE_FAN;
-                break;
-            default:
-                break;
-            }
-            if (!compatible) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
-                        "MG_Impl/GLImpl", functionName,
-                        "Primitive mode is incompatible with the active transform feedback primitive mode."));
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-
        return true;
    }

@@ -492,14 +402,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
    void DrawElementsBaseVertex(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices, GLint basevertex) {
        if (!ValidateCurrentProgramForExecution(__func__)) return;
        if (!ValidatePrimitiveModeForBackend(__func__, mode)) return;
-        AccountTransformFeedbackPrimitives(mode, count);
        DrawElementsBaseVertex_Backend(mode, count, type, indices, basevertex);
    }

    void DrawArrays(GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count) {
        if (!ValidateCurrentProgramForExecution(__func__)) return;
        if (!ValidatePrimitiveModeForBackend(__func__, mode)) return;
-        AccountTransformFeedbackPrimitives(mode, count);
        DrawArrays_Backend(mode, first, count);
    }

@@ -536,147 +444,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
    void DrawElements(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices) {
        if (!ValidateCurrentProgramForExecution(__func__)) return;
        if (!ValidatePrimitiveModeForBackend(__func__, mode)) return;
-        AccountTransformFeedbackPrimitives(mode, count);
        DrawElements_Backend(mode, count, type, indices);
    }

-    void BeginTransformFeedback(GLenum primitiveMode) {
-        if (primitiveMode != GL_POINTS && primitiveMode != GL_LINES && primitiveMode != GL_TRIANGLES) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__,
-                                             "primitiveMode must be GL_POINTS, GL_LINES or GL_TRIANGLES."));
-            return;
-        }
-        if (MG_State::pGLContext->IsTransformFeedbackActive()) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__, "Transform feedback is already active."));
-            return;
-        }
-        const auto& program = MG_State::pGLContext->GetCurrentProgram();
-        if (!program || !program->GetLinkStatus() || program->GetTransformFeedbackVaryingCount() == 0) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
-                    "MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__,
-                    "No program with transform feedback varyings is active."));
-            return;
-        }
-        // Every capture buffer slot the program's mode uses must have a buffer bound.
-        const SizeT usedBufferCount = program->GetTransformFeedbackBufferCount();
-        for (SizeT i = 0; i < usedBufferCount; ++i) {
-            const auto& point = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBufferBindingPoint(BufferTarget::TransformFeedback,
-                                                                            static_cast<Uint>(i));
-            if (point.GetBoundObject() == nullptr) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
-                        "MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__,
-                        "Transform feedback buffer binding point " + std::to_string(i) + " has no buffer bound."));
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-        MG_State::pGLContext->BeginTransformFeedback(primitiveMode, program);
-        if (const auto beginXfb = MG_Backend::gBackendFunctionsTable.GL.BeginTransformFeedback) {
-            beginXfb(primitiveMode);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Vulkan transform feedback captures triangle strips in plain (i, i+1, i+2)
-    // vertex order, but GL decomposes odd strip triangles as (i+1, i, i+2)
-    // (GL 4.6 table 10.1). With the geometry stage's statically-known strip
-    // lengths the captured records are reordered in place: swap the first two
-    // vertex records of every odd triangle within each emitted strip.
-    static void FixupGsStripCaptureOrder(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject>& program,
-                                         Uint64 inputPrimitives) {
-        // Only Vulkan-order captures need this. A backend that runs the capture on its
-        // own GL/ES driver (it owns the span, hence the EndTransformFeedback entry) has
-        // already produced GL's vertex order, and reordering it again would corrupt it.
-        if (MG_Backend::gBackendFunctionsTable.GL.EndTransformFeedback != nullptr) {
-            return;
-        }
-        if (program == nullptr || !program->HasGsTriangleStripCaptureFixup() || inputPrimitives == 0) {
-            return;
-        }
-        const auto& stripTriangles = program->GetGsStripTriangles();
-
-        // Global triangle indices whose leading vertex pair must swap.
-        Vector<Uint64> swapTriangles;
-        Uint64 triangleBase = 0;
-        for (Uint64 input = 0; input < inputPrimitives; ++input) {
-            for (const Uint32 stripLength : stripTriangles) {
-                for (Uint32 t = 1; t < stripLength; t += 2) {
-                    swapTriangles.push_back(triangleBase + t);
-                }
-                triangleBase += stripLength;
-            }
-        }
-        if (swapTriangles.empty()) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        for (SizeT bufferIndex = 0; bufferIndex < program->GetTransformFeedbackBufferCount(); ++bufferIndex) {
-            const Uint32 stride = program->GetTransformFeedbackStride(static_cast<Uint32>(bufferIndex));
-            if (stride == 0) continue;
-            const auto& bindingPoint =
-                MG_State::pGLContext->GetBufferBindingPoint(BufferTarget::TransformFeedback,
-                                                            static_cast<Uint>(bufferIndex));
-            const auto& buffer = bindingPoint.GetBoundObject();
-            if (buffer == nullptr) continue;
-            const Range1D range = bindingPoint.GetRange();
-            const Uint8* mapped = buffer->MappedData();
-            if (mapped == nullptr) continue;
-            // The geometry stage amplifies, so the CPU vertex counter does not bound
-            // the capture; the binding range's whole-triangle capacity does.
-            const Uint64 rangeBytes = range.end > range.start ? static_cast<Uint64>(range.end - range.start) : 0;
-            const Uint64 capturedTriangles = std::min<Uint64>(triangleBase, (rangeBytes / stride) / 3);
-
-            // Observed Vulkan capture order for odd strip triangles is (i, i+2, i+1)
-            // (winding preserved by swapping the trailing pair); GL wants
-            // (i+1, i, i+2), which is one rotation away: (a,b,c) -> (c,a,b).
-            Vector<Uint8> scratch(stride);
-            for (const Uint64 triangle : swapTriangles) {
-                if (triangle >= capturedTriangles) break;
-                const SizeT v0Offset = static_cast<SizeT>(range.start) + static_cast<SizeT>(triangle * 3) * stride;
-                const SizeT v1Offset = v0Offset + stride;
-                const SizeT v2Offset = v1Offset + stride;
-                Memcpy(scratch.data(), mapped + v2Offset, stride);
-                buffer->WritebackFromBackend({const_cast<Uint8*>(mapped) + v1Offset, stride}, v2Offset);
-                buffer->WritebackFromBackend({const_cast<Uint8*>(mapped) + v0Offset, stride}, v1Offset);
-                buffer->WritebackFromBackend({scratch.data(), stride}, v0Offset);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    void EndTransformFeedback(void) {
-        if (!MG_State::pGLContext->IsTransformFeedbackActive()) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__, "Transform feedback is not active."));
-            return;
-        }
-        const auto capturedProgram = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTransformFeedbackProgram();
-        const Uint64 inputPrimitives = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTransformFeedbackInputPrimitives();
-        // Closed while the capture state is still active: a backend that captures
-        // through its own driver reads the capture program and buffer bindings here.
-        if (const auto endXfb = MG_Backend::gBackendFunctionsTable.GL.EndTransformFeedback) {
-            endXfb();
-        }
-        MG_State::pGLContext->EndTransformFeedback();
-        // Captured results must be visible to MapBuffer/GetBufferSubData after
-        // End; the capture targets are host-coherent GPU memory, so completing
-        // the GPU work is all that is required.
-        auto& backendGL = MG_Backend::gBackendFunctionsTable.GL;
-        if (backendGL.FenceSync && backendGL.ClientWaitSync) {
-            if (auto sync = backendGL.FenceSync()) {
-                backendGL.ClientWaitSync(sync, GL_SYNC_FLUSH_COMMANDS_BIT, ~0ull);
-                if (backendGL.DeleteSync) {
-                    backendGL.DeleteSync(sync);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        FixupGsStripCaptureOrder(capturedProgram, inputPrimitives);
-    }
-
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl
@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
    /* @INSERTION_POINT:FUNCTION_DECLARATION@ */
-    void BeginTransformFeedback(GLenum primitiveMode);
-    void EndTransformFeedback(void);
    void DispatchCompute(GLuint numGroupsX, GLuint numGroupsY, GLuint numGroupsZ);
    void DispatchComputeIndirect(GLintptr indirect);
    void MemoryBarrier(GLbitfield barriers);
@@ -236,12 +236,12 @@ DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(void, DeleteVertexArrays, GLsizei n, const GLuint* arra
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(void, GenVertexArrays, GLsizei n, GLuint* arrays) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_END_NO_RETURN(void, GenVertexArrays, n, arrays)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(GLboolean, IsVertexArray, GLuint array) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_END(GLboolean, IsVertexArray, array)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(void, GetIntegeri_v, GLenum target, GLuint index, GLint* data) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_END_NO_RETURN(void, GetIntegeri_v, target, index, data)
-DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(void, BeginTransformFeedback, GLenum primitiveMode) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_END_NO_RETURN(void, BeginTransformFeedback, primitiveMode)
-DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(void, EndTransformFeedback) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_END_NO_RETURN(void, EndTransformFeedback)
+DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, BeginTransformFeedback, GLenum primitiveMode) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, BeginTransformFeedback, primitiveMode)
+DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, EndTransformFeedback) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, EndTransformFeedback)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(void, BindBufferRange, GLenum target, GLuint index, GLuint buffer, GLintptr offset, GLsizeiptr size) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_END_NO_RETURN(void, BindBufferRange, target, index, buffer, offset, size)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(void, BindBufferBase, GLenum target, GLuint index, GLuint buffer) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_END_NO_RETURN(void, BindBufferBase, target, index, buffer)
-DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(void, TransformFeedbackVaryings, GLuint program, GLsizei count, const GLchar* const* varyings, GLenum bufferMode) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_END_NO_RETURN(void, TransformFeedbackVaryings, program, count, varyings, bufferMode)
-DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(void, GetTransformFeedbackVarying, GLuint program, GLuint index, GLsizei bufSize, GLsizei* length, GLsizei* size, GLenum* type, GLchar* name) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_END_NO_RETURN(void, GetTransformFeedbackVarying, program, index, bufSize, length, size, type, name)
+DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, TransformFeedbackVaryings, GLuint program, GLsizei count, const GLchar* const* varyings, GLenum bufferMode) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, TransformFeedbackVaryings, program, count, varyings, bufferMode)
+DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, GetTransformFeedbackVarying, GLuint program, GLuint index, GLsizei bufSize, GLsizei* length, GLsizei* size, GLenum* type, GLchar* name) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, GetTransformFeedbackVarying, program, index, bufSize, length, size, type, name)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(void, VertexAttribIPointer, GLuint index, GLint size, GLenum type, GLsizei stride, const void* pointer) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_END_NO_RETURN(void, VertexAttribIPointer, index, size, type, stride, pointer)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(void, GetVertexAttribIiv, GLuint index, GLenum pname, GLint* params) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_END_NO_RETURN(void, GetVertexAttribIiv, index, pname, params)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(void, GetVertexAttribIuiv, GLuint index, GLenum pname, GLuint* params) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_END_NO_RETURN(void, GetVertexAttribIuiv, index, pname, params)
@@ -295,13 +295,7 @@ DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(void, VertexAttribDivisor, GLuint index, GLuint divisor
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, BindTransformFeedback, GLenum target, GLuint id) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, BindTransformFeedback, target, id)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, DeleteTransformFeedbacks, GLsizei n, const GLuint* ids) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, DeleteTransformFeedbacks, n, ids)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, GenTransformFeedbacks, GLsizei n, GLuint* ids) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, GenTransformFeedbacks, n, ids)
-// Transform feedback objects are not implemented, so no name is ever a live object. The shared
-// stub returns (type)1, telling a probing caller that every id it invents already exists; GL_FALSE
-// is both truthful and what the spec requires for a name that was never generated.
-MOBILEGL_GL_API GLboolean glIsTransformFeedback(GLuint id) {
-    MGLOG_W("Stub function: %s(...)", __FUNCTION__);
-    return GL_FALSE;
-}
+DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(GLboolean, IsTransformFeedback, GLuint id) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END(GLboolean, IsTransformFeedback, id)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, PauseTransformFeedback) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, PauseTransformFeedback)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, ResumeTransformFeedback) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, ResumeTransformFeedback)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, GetProgramBinary, GLuint program, GLsizei bufSize, GLsizei* length, GLenum* binaryFormat, void* binary) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, GetProgramBinary, program, bufSize, length, binaryFormat, binary)
@@ -424,7 +418,7 @@ DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(void, DrawRangeElementsBaseVertex, GLenum mode, GLuint
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(void, DrawElementsInstancedBaseVertex, GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices, GLsizei instancecount, GLint basevertex) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_END_NO_RETURN(void, DrawElementsInstancedBaseVertex, mode, count, type, indices, instancecount, basevertex)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(void, FramebufferTexture, GLenum target, GLenum attachment, GLuint texture, GLint level) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_END_NO_RETURN(void, FramebufferTexture, target, attachment, texture, level)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, PrimitiveBoundingBox, GLfloat minX, GLfloat minY, GLfloat minZ, GLfloat minW, GLfloat maxX, GLfloat maxY, GLfloat maxZ, GLfloat maxW) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, PrimitiveBoundingBox, minX, minY, minZ, minW, maxX, maxY, maxZ, maxW)
-DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(GLenum, GetGraphicsResetStatus) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_END(GLenum, GetGraphicsResetStatus)
+DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(GLenum, GetGraphicsResetStatus) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END(GLenum, GetGraphicsResetStatus)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, ReadnPixels, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLenum format, GLenum type, GLsizei bufSize, void* data) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, ReadnPixels, x, y, width, height, format, type, bufSize, data)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, GetnUniformfv, GLuint program, GLint location, GLsizei bufSize, GLfloat* params) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, GetnUniformfv, program, location, bufSize, params)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, GetnUniformiv, GLuint program, GLint location, GLsizei bufSize, GLint* params) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, GetnUniformiv, program, location, bufSize, params)
@@ -1004,8 +998,8 @@ DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(void, ShaderStorageBlockBinding, GLuint program, GLuint
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, TextureView, GLuint texture, GLenum target, GLuint origtexture, GLenum internalformat, GLuint minlevel, GLuint numlevels, GLuint minlayer, GLuint numlayers) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, TextureView, texture, target, origtexture, internalformat, minlevel, numlevels, minlayer, numlayers)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, VertexAttribLFormat, GLuint attribindex, GLint size, GLenum type, GLuint relativeoffset) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, VertexAttribLFormat, attribindex, size, type, relativeoffset)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(void, BufferStorage, GLenum target, GLsizeiptr size, const void* data, GLbitfield flags) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_END_NO_RETURN(void, BufferStorage, target, size, data, flags)
-DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(void, ClearTexImage, GLuint texture, GLint level, GLenum format, GLenum type, const void* data) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_END_NO_RETURN(void, ClearTexImage, texture, level, format, type, data)
-DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(void, ClearTexSubImage, GLuint texture, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLint zoffset, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLsizei depth, GLenum format, GLenum type, const void* data) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_END_NO_RETURN(void, ClearTexSubImage, texture, level, xoffset, yoffset, zoffset, width, height, depth, format, type, data)
+DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, ClearTexImage, GLuint texture, GLint level, GLenum format, GLenum type, const void* data) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, ClearTexImage, texture, level, format, type, data)
+DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, ClearTexSubImage, GLuint texture, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLint zoffset, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLsizei depth, GLenum format, GLenum type, const void* data) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, ClearTexSubImage, texture, level, xoffset, yoffset, zoffset, width, height, depth, format, type, data)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(void, BindBuffersBase, GLenum target, GLuint first, GLsizei count, const GLuint* buffers) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_END_NO_RETURN(void, BindBuffersBase, target, first, count, buffers)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(void, BindBuffersRange, GLenum target, GLuint first, GLsizei count, const GLuint* buffers, const GLintptr* offsets, const GLsizeiptr* sizes) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_END_NO_RETURN(void, BindBuffersRange, target, first, count, buffers, offsets, sizes)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, BindTextures, GLuint first, GLsizei count, const GLuint* textures) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, BindTextures, first, count, textures)
@@ -1069,7 +1063,7 @@ DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, CompressedTextureSubImage1D, GLuint texture,
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, CompressedTextureSubImage2D, GLuint texture, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLenum format, GLsizei imageSize, const void* data) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, CompressedTextureSubImage2D, texture, level, xoffset, yoffset, width, height, format, imageSize, data)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, CompressedTextureSubImage3D, GLuint texture, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLint zoffset, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLsizei depth, GLenum format, GLsizei imageSize, const void* data) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, CompressedTextureSubImage3D, texture, level, xoffset, yoffset, zoffset, width, height, depth, format, imageSize, data)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, CopyTextureSubImage1D, GLuint texture, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, CopyTextureSubImage1D, texture, level, xoffset, x, y, width)
-DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(void, CopyTextureSubImage2D, GLuint texture, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_END_NO_RETURN(void, CopyTextureSubImage2D, texture, level, xoffset, yoffset, x, y, width, height)
+DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, CopyTextureSubImage2D, GLuint texture, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, CopyTextureSubImage2D, texture, level, xoffset, yoffset, x, y, width, height)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, CopyTextureSubImage3D, GLuint texture, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLint zoffset, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, CopyTextureSubImage3D, texture, level, xoffset, yoffset, zoffset, x, y, width, height)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(void, TextureParameterf, GLuint texture, GLenum pname, GLfloat param) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_END_NO_RETURN(void, TextureParameterf, texture, pname, param)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_HEAD(void, TextureParameterfv, GLuint texture, GLenum pname, const GLfloat* param) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_END_NO_RETURN(void, TextureParameterfv, texture, pname, param)
@@ -2589,10 +2583,7 @@ DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, TransformFeedbackStreamAttribsNV, GLsizei co
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, BindTransformFeedbackNV, GLenum target, GLuint id) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, BindTransformFeedbackNV, target, id)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, DeleteTransformFeedbacksNV, GLsizei n, const GLuint* ids) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, DeleteTransformFeedbacksNV, n, ids)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, GenTransformFeedbacksNV, GLsizei n, GLuint* ids) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, GenTransformFeedbacksNV, n, ids)
-MOBILEGL_GL_API GLboolean glIsTransformFeedbackNV(GLuint id) {
-    MGLOG_W("Stub function: %s(...)", __FUNCTION__);
-    return GL_FALSE;
-}
+DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(GLboolean, IsTransformFeedbackNV, GLuint id) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END(GLboolean, IsTransformFeedbackNV, id)
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, PauseTransformFeedbackNV, void) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, PauseTransformFeedbackNV, )
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, ResumeTransformFeedbackNV, void) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, ResumeTransformFeedbackNV, )
 DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_HEAD(void, DrawTransformFeedbackNV, GLenum mode, GLuint id) DECLARE_GL_FUNCTION_STUB_END_NO_RETURN(void, DrawTransformFeedbackNV, mode, id)
@@ -22,21 +22,9 @@

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
    namespace {
-        // GL only requires support for framebuffers whose depth and stencil attachments
-        // are the same image; anything else may be reported GL_FRAMEBUFFER_UNSUPPORTED.
-        // DirectVulkan cannot form two separate attachments at all, and the real ES
-        // drivers behind DirectGLES answer UNSUPPORTED for it too - so saying COMPLETE
-        // and then rendering into a framebuffer the driver refuses produced silently
-        // empty results (KHR-GL3x.packed_depth_stencil.verify_mixed_attachments).
-        Bool ActiveBackendRejectsDistinctDepthStencil() {
+        Bool IsActiveBackendDirectVulkan() {
            auto* activeBackend = MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject.get();
-            if (activeBackend == nullptr) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (activeBackend->GetBackendType() == BackendType::DirectVulkan) {
-                return true;
-            }
-            return !activeBackend->GetDynamicParameters().SupportsDistinctDepthStencilAttachments;
+            return activeBackend != nullptr && activeBackend->GetBackendType() == BackendType::DirectVulkan;
        }

        Bool HasDistinctCompleteDepthStencilTextureAttachments(
@@ -57,32 +45,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
                   depthAttachment.GetTextureLevel() != stencilAttachment.GetTextureLevel();
        }

-        // Mirrors the renderer-side gate: distinct depth/stencil renderbuffers (or a
-        // renderbuffer paired with a texture) cannot form one Vulkan depth-stencil
-        // attachment, and GL permits reporting such framebuffers as UNSUPPORTED.
-        Bool HasDistinctCompleteDepthStencilRenderbufferAttachments(
-            const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& framebufferObject) {
-            if (framebufferObject.GetExternalIndex() == 0) {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            const auto& depthAttachment = framebufferObject.GetAttachment(FramebufferAttachmentType::Depth);
-            const auto& stencilAttachment = framebufferObject.GetAttachment(FramebufferAttachmentType::Stencil);
-            if (!depthAttachment.IsComplete() || !stencilAttachment.IsComplete()) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (depthAttachment.IsRenderbuffer() && stencilAttachment.IsRenderbuffer()) {
-                return depthAttachment.GetRenderbuffer().get() != stencilAttachment.GetRenderbuffer().get();
-            }
-            return (depthAttachment.IsRenderbuffer() || stencilAttachment.IsRenderbuffer()) &&
-                   (depthAttachment.IsTexture() || stencilAttachment.IsTexture());
-        }
-
-        Bool HasUnsupportedDistinctDepthStencilAttachments(
+        Bool IsUnsupportedFramebufferForDirectVulkan(
            const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& framebufferObject) {
            // TODO: Keep this in sync with DirectVulkan renderbuffer support as color renderbuffer rendering lands.
-            return HasDistinctCompleteDepthStencilTextureAttachments(framebufferObject) ||
-                   HasDistinctCompleteDepthStencilRenderbufferAttachments(framebufferObject);
+            return HasDistinctCompleteDepthStencilTextureAttachments(framebufferObject);
        }

        Bool HasDefinedAttachment(const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& framebufferObject) {
@@ -94,250 +60,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            return false;
        }

-        // Whether the backend can actually attach this color format to a framebuffer. Preferred
-        // source of truth is the backend's probed format-capability cache (real glCheckFramebufferStatus
-        // probes, so extensions like EXT_render_snorm are respected). Formats a probe-less backend
-        // cannot answer for fall back to a conservative static list of formats no ES driver renders to:
-        // shared-exponent, SNORM, three-channel norm16/float32/sRGB and three-channel integer formats.
-        // Desktop GL treats those as texture-only too (not in the GL 3.3 required-renderable list), so
-        // reporting GL_FRAMEBUFFER_UNSUPPORTED for them is legal.
-        //
-        // `capabilityTargetIndex` is the row of the cache the attachment actually lives in;
-        // kFormatCapabilityTargetCount asks about the format in general. Asking per target matters
-        // because a capability recorded for one of them says nothing about the others: DirectGLES
-        // widens three-channel formats to four channels to keep them renderable as *multisample*
-        // storage, and a format that survives only through that substitution is still texture-only
-        // on every ordinary target.
-        Bool IsColorInternalFormatRenderable(TextureInternalFormat format, SizeT capabilityTargetIndex) {
-            const SizeT formatIndex = static_cast<SizeT>(format);
-            if (MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject && formatIndex < MG_Backend::kFormatCapabilityFormatCount) {
-                const auto& cache = MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject->GetFormatCapabilities();
-                const SizeT sentinelFormat = static_cast<SizeT>(TextureInternalFormat::RGBA8);
-                Bool cachePopulated = false;
-                for (SizeT targetIndex = 0; targetIndex < MG_Backend::kFormatCapabilityTargetCount && !cachePopulated;
-                     ++targetIndex) {
-                    cachePopulated = MG_Backend::HasFormatCapability(cache.FullCaps[targetIndex][sentinelFormat],
-                                                                     MG_Backend::FormatCapability::Creatable);
-                }
-                if (cachePopulated) {
-                    const Bool singleTarget = capabilityTargetIndex < MG_Backend::kFormatCapabilityTargetCount;
-                    const SizeT firstTarget = singleTarget ? capabilityTargetIndex : 0;
-                    const SizeT lastTarget =
-                        singleTarget ? capabilityTargetIndex + 1 : MG_Backend::kFormatCapabilityTargetCount;
-                    for (SizeT targetIndex = firstTarget; targetIndex < lastTarget; ++targetIndex) {
-                        if (MG_Backend::HasFormatCapability(cache.FullCaps[targetIndex][formatIndex],
-                                                            MG_Backend::FormatCapability::FramebufferRenderable) ||
-                            MG_Backend::HasFormatCapability(cache.CaveatCaps[targetIndex][formatIndex],
-                                                            MG_Backend::FormatCapability::FramebufferRenderable)) {
-                            return true;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
-            switch (format) {
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB9E5:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::R8Snorm:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RG8Snorm:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB8Snorm:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGBA8Snorm:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::R16Snorm:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RG16Snorm:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB16Snorm:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGBA16Snorm:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB16:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB10: // stored as RGB16
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB12: // stored as RGB16
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB16F:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB32F:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB8I:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB8UI:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB16I:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB16UI:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB32I:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB32UI:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::SRGB8:
-                return false;
-            default:
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-
-        Bool HasNonRenderableColorAttachment(const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& framebufferObject) {
-            const auto& attachments = framebufferObject.GetAllAttachmentObjects();
-            for (SizeT i = 0; i < attachments.size(); ++i) {
-                const auto type = static_cast<FramebufferAttachmentType>(i);
-                if (type < FramebufferAttachmentType::Color0 || type > FramebufferAttachmentType::Color31) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                const auto& attachment = attachments[i];
-                if (!attachment.IsValid()) continue;
-                TextureInternalFormat format = TextureInternalFormat::Unknown;
-                SizeT capabilityTargetIndex = MG_Backend::kFormatCapabilityTargetCount;
-                if (attachment.IsTexture() && attachment.GetTexture()) {
-                    format = attachment.GetTexture()->GetFormat();
-                    capabilityTargetIndex =
-                        MG_Backend::GetFormatCapabilityTargetIndex(attachment.GetTexture()->GetTarget());
-                } else if (attachment.IsRenderbuffer() && attachment.GetRenderbuffer()) {
-                    format = attachment.GetRenderbuffer()->GetInternalFormat();
-                    capabilityTargetIndex = MG_Backend::GetRenderbufferFormatCapabilityTargetIndex();
-                }
-                if (format != TextureInternalFormat::Unknown &&
-                    !IsColorInternalFormatRenderable(format, capabilityTargetIndex)) {
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-            return false;
-        }
-
        void RecordUnsupportedFramebufferTextureAttachmentError(const char* functionName, const char* detail) {
            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", functionName, detail));
        }

-        GLint ClassifyAttachmentComponentType(TextureInternalFormat internalFormat,
-                                              FramebufferAttachmentType attachmentType) {
-            // A stencil value is an unsigned integer index regardless of the depth half
-            // of a packed format.
-            if (attachmentType == FramebufferAttachmentType::Stencil) return GL_UNSIGNED_INT;
-            switch (internalFormat) {
-            case TextureInternalFormat::R16F:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RG16F:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB16F:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGBA16F:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::R32F:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RG32F:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB32F:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGBA32F:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::R11FG11FB10F:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB9E5:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::DepthComponent32F:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::Depth32FStencil8:
-                return GL_FLOAT;
-            case TextureInternalFormat::R8I:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::R16I:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::R32I:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RG8I:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RG16I:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RG32I:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB8I:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB16I:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB32I:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGBA8I:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGBA16I:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGBA32I:
-                return GL_INT;
-            case TextureInternalFormat::R8UI:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::R16UI:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::R32UI:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RG8UI:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RG16UI:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RG32UI:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB8UI:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB16UI:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB32UI:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGBA8UI:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGBA16UI:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGBA32UI:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB10A2UI:
-                return GL_UNSIGNED_INT;
-            case TextureInternalFormat::R8Snorm:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::R16Snorm:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RG8Snorm:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RG16Snorm:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB8Snorm:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGB16Snorm:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGBA8Snorm:
-            case TextureInternalFormat::RGBA16Snorm:
-                return GL_SIGNED_NORMALIZED;
-            case TextureInternalFormat::Unknown:
-                return GL_NONE;
-            default:
-                return GL_UNSIGNED_NORMALIZED;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Handles the format-derived pnames shared by GetFramebufferAttachmentParameteriv
-        // and its DSA variant. Returns true when pname was one of them.
-        Bool TryAnswerAttachmentFormatQuery(const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferAttachmentObject* attachmentObject,
-                                            FramebufferAttachmentType attachmentType, Bool depthStencilAlias,
-                                            GLenum pname, GLint* params, const char* caller) {
-            switch (pname) {
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_RED_SIZE:
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_GREEN_SIZE:
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_BLUE_SIZE:
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_ALPHA_SIZE:
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_DEPTH_SIZE:
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_SIZE:
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_COMPONENT_TYPE:
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_COLOR_ENCODING:
-                break;
-            default:
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            if (pname == GL_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_COMPONENT_TYPE && depthStencilAlias) {
-                // The depth and stencil components have different types, so the combined
-                // attachment name has no single answer.
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
-                        "MG_Impl/GLImpl", caller,
-                        "GL_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_COMPONENT_TYPE cannot be queried on "
-                        "GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT."));
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            if (attachmentObject == nullptr || attachmentObject->IsEmpty() || !attachmentObject->IsValid()) {
-                // With OBJECT_TYPE == GL_NONE only OBJECT_TYPE and OBJECT_NAME may be queried.
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", caller,
-                                                 "No image is attached to the queried attachment point."));
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            TextureInternalFormat internalFormat = TextureInternalFormat::Unknown;
-            if (attachmentObject->IsTexture() && attachmentObject->GetTexture()) {
-                internalFormat = attachmentObject->GetTexture()->GetFormat();
-            } else if (attachmentObject->IsRenderbuffer() && attachmentObject->GetRenderbuffer()) {
-                internalFormat = attachmentObject->GetRenderbuffer()->GetInternalFormat();
-            }
-            const auto sizes = MG_Util::GetComponentSizesForInternalFormat(internalFormat);
-
-            switch (pname) {
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_RED_SIZE:
-                *params = sizes.Red;
-                break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_GREEN_SIZE:
-                *params = sizes.Green;
-                break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_BLUE_SIZE:
-                *params = sizes.Blue;
-                break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_ALPHA_SIZE:
-                *params = sizes.Alpha;
-                break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_DEPTH_SIZE:
-                *params = sizes.Depth;
-                break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_SIZE:
-                *params = sizes.Stencil;
-                break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_COLOR_ENCODING:
-                *params = (internalFormat == TextureInternalFormat::SRGB8 ||
-                           internalFormat == TextureInternalFormat::SRGB8Alpha8)
-                    ? GL_SRGB
-                    : GL_LINEAR;
-                break;
-            case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_COMPONENT_TYPE:
-                *params = ClassifyAttachmentComponentType(internalFormat, attachmentType);
-                break;
-            }
-            return true;
-        }
-
        Bool ResolveRepresentableFramebufferTextureUploadTarget(const MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& textureObject,
                                                                TextureUploadTarget& outUploadTarget,
                                                                Bool& outLayered) {
@@ -603,27 +331,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        FramebufferTarget framebufferTarget = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToFramebufferTarget(target);
        if (!FramebufferImpl::ValidateFramebufferTarget(framebufferTarget)) return;

-        // Default-framebuffer attachment names (GL_DEPTH, GL_STENCIL, GL_FRONT/GL_BACK
-        // variants) alias onto the equivalent attachment points.
-        switch (attachment) {
-        case GL_DEPTH:
-            attachment = GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT;
-            break;
-        case GL_STENCIL:
-            attachment = GL_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT;
-            break;
-        case GL_FRONT:
-        case GL_FRONT_LEFT:
-        case GL_FRONT_RIGHT:
-        case GL_BACK:
-        case GL_BACK_LEFT:
-        case GL_BACK_RIGHT:
-            attachment = GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0;
-            break;
-        default:
-            break;
-        }
-
        const Bool depthStencilAlias = attachment == GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT;
        FramebufferAttachmentType attachmentType = depthStencilAlias
            ? FramebufferAttachmentType::Depth
@@ -640,40 +347,20 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            return;
        }

-        Bool depthStencilMismatch = false;
        const auto* attachmentObject = [&]() -> const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferAttachmentObject* {
            if (!depthStencilAlias) {
                return &framebufferObject->GetAttachment(attachmentType);
            }

            const auto& depthAttachment = framebufferObject->GetAttachment(FramebufferAttachmentType::Depth);
+            if (depthAttachment.IsValid() && !depthAttachment.IsEmpty()) return &depthAttachment;
+
            const auto& stencilAttachment = framebufferObject->GetAttachment(FramebufferAttachmentType::Stencil);
-            const Bool depthLive = depthAttachment.IsValid() && !depthAttachment.IsEmpty();
-            const Bool stencilLive = stencilAttachment.IsValid() && !stencilAttachment.IsEmpty();
-            if (depthLive && stencilLive) {
-                const Bool sameObject = depthAttachment.IsTexture() == stencilAttachment.IsTexture() &&
-                    (!depthAttachment.IsTexture() || depthAttachment.GetTexture() == stencilAttachment.GetTexture()) &&
-                    (!depthAttachment.IsRenderbuffer() ||
-                     depthAttachment.GetRenderbuffer() == stencilAttachment.GetRenderbuffer());
-                depthStencilMismatch = !sameObject;
-            } else {
-                // GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT means "both halves"; a lone half does not answer it.
-                depthStencilMismatch = depthLive != stencilLive;
-            }
-            if (depthLive) return &depthAttachment;
-            if (stencilLive) return &stencilAttachment;
+            if (stencilAttachment.IsValid() && !stencilAttachment.IsEmpty()) return &stencilAttachment;
+
            return nullptr;
        }();

-        if (depthStencilMismatch) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "GetFramebufferAttachmentParameteriv_State",
-                                             "GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT query with different depth and stencil "
-                                             "attachment images."));
-            return;
-        }
-
        switch (pname) {
        case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_OBJECT_TYPE:
            if (attachmentObject == nullptr || attachmentObject->IsEmpty() || !attachmentObject->IsValid()) {
@@ -737,10 +424,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
                : GL_FALSE;
            break;
        default:
-            if (TryAnswerAttachmentFormatQuery(attachmentObject, attachmentType, depthStencilAlias, pname, params,
-                                               "GetFramebufferAttachmentParameteriv_State")) {
-                return;
-            }
            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
@@ -873,62 +556,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        return framebufferObject;
    }

-    // Attaches a single layer/slice of a 3D or array texture. The attachment model stores the layer
-    // index; the DirectGLES backend attaches it with glFramebufferTextureLayer.
-    static void AttachFramebufferTextureLayer(const char* functionName, GLenum target, GLenum attachment,
-                                              GLuint texture, GLint level, GLint layer,
-                                              TextureUploadTarget textureUploadTarget) {
-        if (target == GL_FRAMEBUFFER) {
-            target = GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER;
-        }
-        if (attachment == GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT) {
-            AttachFramebufferTextureLayer(functionName, target, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, texture, level, layer,
-                                          textureUploadTarget);
-            AttachFramebufferTextureLayer(functionName, target, GL_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, texture, level, layer,
-                                          textureUploadTarget);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        const FramebufferAttachmentType attachmentType = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToFramebufferAttachmentType(attachment);
-        const FramebufferTarget framebufferTarget = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToFramebufferTarget(target);
-        if (!FramebufferImpl::ValidateFramebufferAttachmentType(attachmentType)) return;
-        if (!FramebufferImpl::ValidateFramebufferTarget(framebufferTarget)) return;
-        if (!TextureImpl::ValidateTextureName(texture, true)) return;
-
-        auto& bindingSlot = MG_State::pGLContext->GetFramebufferBindingSlot(framebufferTarget);
-        auto& framebufferObject = bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();
-        if (!framebufferObject) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", functionName,
-                                             "Framebuffer target is bound to no framebuffer object."));
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (texture == 0) {
-            framebufferObject->Detach(attachmentType);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        auto& textureObject = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTextureObject(texture);
-        if (!textureObject) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", functionName,
-                                             std::format("Texture object {} is not valid.", texture)));
-            return;
-        }
-        if (layer < 0) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", functionName, "Layer must be non-negative."));
-            return;
-        }
-
-        framebufferObject->AttachTexture(attachmentType, textureObject, textureUploadTarget, level, layer,
-                                         /*layered=*/false);
-    }
-
    void FramebufferTextureLayer_State(GLenum target, GLenum attachment, GLuint texture, GLint level, GLint layer) {
        if (texture == 0) {
            const TextureUploadTarget detachTarget = TextureUploadTarget::Texture2D;
@@ -936,31 +563,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            return;
        }

-        auto& textureObject = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTextureObject(texture);
-        if (!textureObject) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__,
-                                             std::format("Texture object {} is not valid.", texture)));
-            return;
-        }
-        TextureUploadTarget textureUploadTarget = TextureUploadTarget::Unknown;
-        switch (textureObject->GetTarget()) {
-        case TextureTarget::Texture3D:
-            textureUploadTarget = TextureUploadTarget::Texture3D;
-            break;
-        case TextureTarget::Texture2DArray:
-            textureUploadTarget = TextureUploadTarget::Texture2DArray;
-            break;
-        case TextureTarget::Texture2DMultisampleArray:
-            textureUploadTarget = TextureUploadTarget::Texture2DMultisampleArray;
-            break;
-        default:
-            RecordUnsupportedFramebufferTextureAttachmentError(
-                __func__, "FramebufferTextureLayer requires a 3D, 2D array or 2D multisample array texture.");
-            return;
-        }
-        AttachFramebufferTextureLayer(__func__, target, attachment, texture, level, layer, textureUploadTarget);
+        static_cast<void>(layer);
+        RecordUnsupportedFramebufferTextureAttachmentError(
+            __func__,
+            "Layered framebuffer texture attachments are not represented by the current framebuffer attachment model.");
    }

    void FramebufferTexture3D_State(GLenum target, GLenum attachment, GLenum textarget, GLuint texture, GLint level,
@@ -972,15 +578,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            return;
        }

-        if (textarget != GL_TEXTURE_3D) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__,
-                                             "FramebufferTexture3D requires GL_TEXTURE_3D."));
-            return;
-        }
-        AttachFramebufferTextureLayer(__func__, target, attachment, texture, level, zoffset,
-                                      TextureUploadTarget::Texture3D);
+        static_cast<void>(zoffset);
+        RecordUnsupportedFramebufferTextureAttachmentError(
+            __func__,
+            "3D framebuffer texture slice attachments are not represented by the current framebuffer attachment model.");
    }

    void FramebufferTexture2D_State(GLenum target, GLenum attachment, GLenum textarget, GLuint texture, GLint level) {
@@ -1413,7 +1014,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            auto& bindingSlot = MG_State::pGLContext->GetFramebufferBindingSlot(FramebufferTarget::Draw);
            auto& fbo = bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();
            const bool isDefaultFBO = (fbo == FramebufferImpl::pDefaultFramebufferInfo->defaultFBO);
-            const GLenum bufs[] = {buf};
+            static GLenum bufs[] = {buf};
            DrawBuffersForFramebuffer_State(fbo, isDefaultFBO, 1, bufs, true);
        }
    }
@@ -1600,9 +1201,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        for (SizeT i = 0; i < static_cast<SizeT>(n); ++i) {
            Uint bufferName = renderbuffers[i];
            if (bufferName == 0) continue;
-            // GL 3.3 core 4.4.2: unknown names are silently ignored on delete; the shared bind-path
-            // validator would record INVALID_OPERATION instead.
-            if (!MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateRenderbufferName(bufferName)) continue;
+            if (!FramebufferImpl::ValidateRenderbufferName(bufferName)) continue;
            MG_State::pGLContext->MarkRenderbufferObjectForDeletion(bufferName);
        }
    }
@@ -1625,9 +1224,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        for (SizeT i = 0; i < static_cast<SizeT>(n); ++i) {
            Uint bufferName = framebuffers[i];
            if (bufferName == 0) continue;
-            // GL 3.3 core 4.4.1: unknown names are silently ignored on delete; the shared bind-path
-            // validator would record INVALID_OPERATION instead.
-            if (!MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateFramebufferName(bufferName)) continue;
+            if (!FramebufferImpl::ValidateFramebufferName(bufferName)) continue;
            MG_State::pGLContext->MarkFramebufferObjectForDeletion(bufferName);
        }
    }
@@ -1655,11 +1252,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
                GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_ATTACHMENT :
                GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_MISSING_ATTACHMENT;
        }
-        if (HasNonRenderableColorAttachment(*framebufferObject)) {
-            return GL_FRAMEBUFFER_UNSUPPORTED;
-        }
-        if (ActiveBackendRejectsDistinctDepthStencil() &&
-            HasUnsupportedDistinctDepthStencilAttachments(*framebufferObject)) {
+        if (IsActiveBackendDirectVulkan() &&
+            IsUnsupportedFramebufferForDirectVulkan(*framebufferObject)) {
            return GL_FRAMEBUFFER_UNSUPPORTED;
        }
        return GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE;
@@ -1683,11 +1277,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
                GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_ATTACHMENT :
                GL_FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_MISSING_ATTACHMENT;
        }
-        if (HasNonRenderableColorAttachment(*framebufferObject)) {
-            return GL_FRAMEBUFFER_UNSUPPORTED;
-        }
-        if (ActiveBackendRejectsDistinctDepthStencil() &&
-            HasUnsupportedDistinctDepthStencilAttachments(*framebufferObject)) {
+        if (IsActiveBackendDirectVulkan() &&
+            IsUnsupportedFramebufferForDirectVulkan(*framebufferObject)) {
            return GL_FRAMEBUFFER_UNSUPPORTED;
        }
        return GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE;
@@ -1704,40 +1295,20 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            : MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToFramebufferAttachmentType(attachment);
        if (!FramebufferImpl::ValidateFramebufferAttachmentType(attachmentType)) return;

-        Bool depthStencilMismatch = false;
        const auto* attachmentObject = [&]() -> const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferAttachmentObject* {
            if (!depthStencilAlias) {
                return &framebufferObject->GetAttachment(attachmentType);
            }

            const auto& depthAttachment = framebufferObject->GetAttachment(FramebufferAttachmentType::Depth);
+            if (depthAttachment.IsValid() && !depthAttachment.IsEmpty()) return &depthAttachment;
+
            const auto& stencilAttachment = framebufferObject->GetAttachment(FramebufferAttachmentType::Stencil);
-            const Bool depthLive = depthAttachment.IsValid() && !depthAttachment.IsEmpty();
-            const Bool stencilLive = stencilAttachment.IsValid() && !stencilAttachment.IsEmpty();
-            if (depthLive && stencilLive) {
-                const Bool sameObject = depthAttachment.IsTexture() == stencilAttachment.IsTexture() &&
-                    (!depthAttachment.IsTexture() || depthAttachment.GetTexture() == stencilAttachment.GetTexture()) &&
-                    (!depthAttachment.IsRenderbuffer() ||
-                     depthAttachment.GetRenderbuffer() == stencilAttachment.GetRenderbuffer());
-                depthStencilMismatch = !sameObject;
-            } else {
-                // GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT means "both halves"; a lone half does not answer it.
-                depthStencilMismatch = depthLive != stencilLive;
-            }
-            if (depthLive) return &depthAttachment;
-            if (stencilLive) return &stencilAttachment;
+            if (stencilAttachment.IsValid() && !stencilAttachment.IsEmpty()) return &stencilAttachment;
+
            return nullptr;
        }();

-        if (depthStencilMismatch) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", caller,
-                                             "GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT query with different depth and stencil "
-                                             "attachment images."));
-            return;
-        }
-
        switch (pname) {
        case GL_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_OBJECT_TYPE:
            if (attachmentObject == nullptr || attachmentObject->IsEmpty() || !attachmentObject->IsValid()) {
@@ -1783,10 +1354,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
                : GL_FALSE;
            break;
        default:
-            if (TryAnswerAttachmentFormatQuery(attachmentObject, attachmentType, depthStencilAlias, pname, params,
-                                               caller)) {
-                return;
-            }
            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
@@ -2059,8 +1626,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            return false;
        }

-        // Check framebuffer completeness (including formats the ES pipeline cannot attach)
-        if (!framebufferObject->CheckCompleteness() || HasNonRenderableColorAttachment(*framebufferObject)) {
+        // Check framebuffer completeness
+        if (!framebufferObject->CheckCompleteness()) {
            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                ErrorCode::InvalidFramebufferOperation,
                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ReadPixels_State", "Framebuffer is incomplete"));
@@ -2112,40 +1679,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
                                                 "No color buffer for color format"));
                return false;
            }
-
-            // GL 3.3 section 4.3.1: GL_INVALID_OPERATION if format is an integer format and the read
-            // buffer is not an integer format, or vice versa (GL CTS packed_pixels expects the error
-            // for every *_INTEGER readback from a normalized attachment).
-            const auto& readAttachment = framebufferObject->GetAttachment(readBuffer);
-            TextureInternalFormat attachmentFormat = TextureInternalFormat::Unknown;
-            if (readAttachment.IsTexture() && readAttachment.GetTexture()) {
-                attachmentFormat = readAttachment.GetTexture()->GetFormat();
-            } else if (readAttachment.IsRenderbuffer() && readAttachment.GetRenderbuffer()) {
-                attachmentFormat = readAttachment.GetRenderbuffer()->GetInternalFormat();
-            }
-            if (attachmentFormat != TextureInternalFormat::Unknown &&
-                TextureImpl::IsIntegerColorInputFormat(textureInputFormat) !=
-                    TextureImpl::IsIntegerColorInternalFormat(attachmentFormat)) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ReadPixels_State",
-                                                 "Integer-ness of format does not match the read buffer"));
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Packed-type/format pairing (GL CTS packed_pixels: e.g. GL_RED with GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5 must
-        // raise an error instead of reaching the backend). Shared with the TexImage/GetTexImage validators;
-        // runs after the depth-stencil branch above so DEPTH_STENCIL with a wrong type keeps GL_INVALID_ENUM.
-        if (!TextureImpl::ValidateClientFormatTypePairing(textureInputFormat, texturePixelDataType)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        // Packed-type/format pairing (GL CTS packed_pixels: e.g. GL_RED with GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5 must
-        // raise an error instead of reaching the backend). Shared with the TexImage/GetTexImage validators;
-        // runs after the depth-stencil branch above so DEPTH_STENCIL with a wrong type keeps GL_INVALID_ENUM.
-        if (!TextureImpl::ValidateClientFormatTypePairing(textureInputFormat, texturePixelDataType)) {
-            return false;
        }

        // Check PBO state
@@ -2404,7 +1937,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
    }

    namespace FramebufferImpl {
-        // Leak-at-exit storage; see GlobalObjects.cpp.
-        UniquePtr<DefaultFramebufferInfo>& pDefaultFramebufferInfo = *new UniquePtr<DefaultFramebufferInfo>();
+        UniquePtr<DefaultFramebufferInfo> pDefaultFramebufferInfo;
    } // namespace FramebufferImpl
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl
@@ -78,6 +78,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> stencilAttachment;
        };

-        extern UniquePtr<DefaultFramebufferInfo>& pDefaultFramebufferInfo;
+        extern UniquePtr<DefaultFramebufferInfo> pDefaultFramebufferInfo;
    } // namespace FramebufferImpl
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl
@@ -76,13 +76,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::FramebufferImpl {
    }

    Bool ValidateRenderbufferName(Uint index, Bool allowZero) {
-        if (index == 0) {
-            // Zero is never a GenRenderbuffers name, so it must not reach the name-table lookup
-            // below: where it is allowed (glBindRenderbuffer / FramebufferRenderbuffer detach) it
-            // means "unbind", and looking it up would record a bogus INVALID_OPERATION - GL CTS's
-            // per-case state reset calls glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, 0) after every case.
-            if (allowZero) return true;
-
+        if (index == 0 && !allowZero) {
            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl/FramebufferImpl", "ValidateRenderbufferName",
@@ -213,13 +213,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {

            GLint maxSamples = 0;
            for (const auto& attachment : drawFbo->GetAllAttachmentObjects()) {
-                if (attachment.IsRenderbuffer() && attachment.GetRenderbuffer()) {
-                    maxSamples = std::max(maxSamples, static_cast<GLint>(attachment.GetRenderbuffer()->GetSamples()));
-                } else if (attachment.IsTexture() && attachment.GetTexture()) {
-                    // Multisample texture attachments count too (GL_SAMPLE_BUFFERS must
-                    // report 1 for any multisampled draw framebuffer).
-                    maxSamples = std::max(maxSamples, static_cast<GLint>(attachment.GetTexture()->GetSamples()));
-                }
+                if (!attachment.IsRenderbuffer() || !attachment.GetRenderbuffer()) continue;
+                maxSamples = std::max(maxSamples, static_cast<GLint>(attachment.GetRenderbuffer()->GetSamples()));
            }
            return maxSamples;
        }
@@ -470,14 +465,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        case GL_STENCIL_TEST:
            *params = MG_State::pGLContext->IsCapabilityEnabled(CapabilityInput::StencilTest) ? GL_TRUE : GL_FALSE;
            return;
-        case GL_MIN_FRAGMENT_INTERPOLATION_OFFSET:
-        case GL_MAX_FRAGMENT_INTERPOLATION_OFFSET:
-        case GL_FRAGMENT_INTERPOLATION_OFFSET_BITS: {
-            GLfloat value = 0.0f;
-            GetFloatv(pname, &value);
-            *params = value != 0.0f ? GL_TRUE : GL_FALSE;
-            return;
-        }
        default:
            break;
        }
@@ -533,19 +520,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            params[1] = dynamicParameters.ViewportBoundsRangeMax;
            return;
        }
-        case GL_MIN_FRAGMENT_INTERPOLATION_OFFSET:
-        case GL_MAX_FRAGMENT_INTERPOLATION_OFFSET:
-        case GL_FRAGMENT_INTERPOLATION_OFFSET_BITS: {
-            const auto& dynamicParameters = MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject->GetDynamicParameters();
-            if (pname == GL_MIN_FRAGMENT_INTERPOLATION_OFFSET) {
-                params[0] = dynamicParameters.MinFragmentInterpolationOffset;
-            } else if (pname == GL_MAX_FRAGMENT_INTERPOLATION_OFFSET) {
-                params[0] = dynamicParameters.MaxFragmentInterpolationOffset;
-            } else {
-                params[0] = static_cast<GLfloat>(dynamicParameters.FragmentInterpolationOffsetBits);
-            }
-            return;
-        }
        case GL_DEPTH_CLEAR_VALUE:
            params[0] = MG_State::pGLContext->GetClearDepth();
            return;
@@ -555,13 +529,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            params[1] = dynamicParameters.AliasedLineWidthRangeMax;
            return;
        }
-        case GL_MAX_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY_EXT: {
-            // EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic queries this as a float; the integer path below widens
-            // from here, so this case is the authoritative one.
-            const auto& dynamicParameters = MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject->GetDynamicParameters();
-            params[0] = dynamicParameters.MaxTextureMaxAnisotropy;
-            return;
-        }
        case GL_ALIASED_POINT_SIZE_RANGE:
        case GL_POINT_SIZE_RANGE: {
            const auto& dynamicParameters = MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject->GetDynamicParameters();
@@ -1201,9 +1168,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            *params = kFrontendMaxFragmentInputComponents;
            return;
        case GL_MAX_FRAGMENT_IMAGE_UNIFORMS:
+            // TODO: Track per-stage image uniform limits separately instead of reusing the compute/backend stage cap.
            *params = MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject
-                          ? MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject->GetDynamicParameters().MaxFragmentImageUniforms
-                          : MG_Backend::DynamicBackendParameters{}.MaxFragmentImageUniforms;
+                          ? MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject->GetDynamicParameters().MaxComputeImageUniforms
+                          : MG_Backend::DynamicBackendParameters{}.MaxComputeImageUniforms;
            return;
        case GL_MAX_FRAGMENT_UNIFORM_COMPONENTS:
            *params = kFrontendMaxFragmentUniformComponents;
@@ -1233,9 +1201,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            *params = kFrontendMaxGeometryTextureImageUnits;
            return;
        case GL_MAX_GEOMETRY_IMAGE_UNIFORMS:
-            *params = MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject
-                          ? MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject->GetDynamicParameters().MaxGeometryImageUniforms
-                          : MG_Backend::DynamicBackendParameters{}.MaxGeometryImageUniforms;
+            *params = 0;
            return;
        case GL_MAX_GEOMETRY_TOTAL_OUTPUT_COMPONENTS:
            *params = kFrontendMaxGeometryTotalOutputComponents;
@@ -1304,9 +1270,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            *params = kFrontendMaxVertexAtomicCounters;
            return;
        case GL_MAX_VERTEX_IMAGE_UNIFORMS:
-            *params = MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject
-                          ? MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject->GetDynamicParameters().MaxVertexImageUniforms
-                          : MG_Backend::DynamicBackendParameters{}.MaxVertexImageUniforms;
+            *params = 0;
            return;
        case GL_MAX_VERTEX_SHADER_STORAGE_BLOCKS:
            *params = 16; // TODO
@@ -1763,11 +1727,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            *params = 1024 * 1024; // TODO
            return;
        case GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_MASK:
-            // Reports the requested context profile (EGL defaults 3.x contexts to core);
-            // MOBILEGL_RELAXED_SEMANTICS loosens behavior without changing the identity.
-            *params = MG_State::pEGLContext && MG_State::pEGLContext->IsCurrentContextOpenGLCompatibilityProfile()
-                          ? GL_CONTEXT_COMPATIBILITY_PROFILE_BIT
-                          : GL_CONTEXT_CORE_PROFILE_BIT;
+            *params = GL_CONTEXT_CORE_PROFILE_BIT;
            return;
        default:
            break;
@@ -1927,22 +1887,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        case GL_MAX_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_SEPARATE_COMPONENTS:
            *params = kFrontendMaxTransformFeedbackSeparateComponents;
            break;
-        // ARB_transform_feedback3 limits. The GL CTS queries these before checking
-        // whether the extension is advertised and requires no GL error; desktop
-        // drivers all accept them, so answer with the separate-attrib capacity and
-        // the single vertex stream the backends provide.
-        case GL_MAX_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BUFFERS:
-            *params = kFrontendMaxTransformFeedbackSeparateAttribs;
-            break;
-        case GL_MAX_VERTEX_STREAMS:
-            *params = 1;
-            break;
-        case GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_ACTIVE:
-            *params = MG_State::pGLContext->IsTransformFeedbackActive() ? 1 : 0;
-            break;
-        case GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_PAUSED:
-            *params = 0;
-            break;
        case GL_MAX_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS:
            *params = dynamicParameters.MaxTextureImageUnits;
            break;
@@ -1950,13 +1894,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            *params = dynamicParameters.MaxTextureSize;
            break;
        case GL_MAX_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BINDINGS:
-            // Never advertise more bindings than the state layer's indexed-binding array can track
-            // (BufferState::BufferBindingPointCount): glBindBufferBase rejects indices past that
-            // capacity, and the GL CTS per-case state reset calls glBindBufferBase on every
-            // advertised index and expects no error. The floor equals the GL 3.3 core minimum
-            // (36), so the clamp never under-advertises.
-            *params = std::clamp(dynamicParameters.MaxUniformBufferBindings, kFrontendMinUniformBufferBindings,
-                                 static_cast<GLint>(MG_State::GLState::BufferBindingPointCount));
+            *params = std::max(dynamicParameters.MaxUniformBufferBindings, kFrontendMinUniformBufferBindings);
            break;
        case GL_MAX_UNIFORM_BLOCK_SIZE:
            *params = dynamicParameters.MaxUniformBlockSize;
@@ -1999,15 +1937,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        case GL_SUBPIXEL_BITS:
            *params = std::max(dynamicParameters.ViewportSubpixelBits, kFrontendSubpixelBits);
            break;
-        case GL_MIN_FRAGMENT_INTERPOLATION_OFFSET:
-            *params = static_cast<GLint>(std::lround(dynamicParameters.MinFragmentInterpolationOffset));
-            break;
-        case GL_MAX_FRAGMENT_INTERPOLATION_OFFSET:
-            *params = static_cast<GLint>(std::lround(dynamicParameters.MaxFragmentInterpolationOffset));
-            break;
-        case GL_FRAGMENT_INTERPOLATION_OFFSET_BITS:
-            *params = dynamicParameters.FragmentInterpolationOffsetBits;
-            break;
        case GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER_OFFSET_ALIGNMENT:
            *params = static_cast<Int>(dynamicParameters.UniformBufferOffsetAlignment);
            break;
@@ -2026,10 +1955,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        case GL_MAX_SAMPLES:
            *params = std::max(dynamicParameters.MaxSamples, kFrontendMaxSamples);
            break;
-        case GL_MAX_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY_EXT:
-            // Float state (see GetFloatv); rounded to nearest for the integer query per GL 3.3 6.1.2.
-            *params = static_cast<GLint>(std::lround(dynamicParameters.MaxTextureMaxAnisotropy));
-            break;
        default:
            MGLOG_E("glGetIntegerv: Invalid enum %s (0x%X)", MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(pname).c_str(), pname);
            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
@@ -2047,12 +1972,4 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        }
        return MG_Util::ConvertErrorCodeToGLEnum(error->get()->code);
    }
-
-    GLenum GetGraphicsResetStatus() {
-        // MobileGL does not implement robustness reset notification, so report GL_NO_ERROR
-        // ("no reset detected"). Returning the generic stub's (GLenum)1 makes dEQP read a lost
-        // device after every case (gl3cTestPackages.cpp:121) and, under the default
-        // --deqp-terminate-on-device-lost=enable, tear the whole CTS run down.
-        return GL_NO_ERROR;
-    }
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl
@@ -21,5 +21,4 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
    void GetIntegeri_v(GLenum target, GLuint index, GLint* data);
    void GetInteger64i_v(GLenum target, GLuint index, GLint64* data);
    GLenum GetError();
-    GLenum GetGraphicsResetStatus();
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl
@@ -49,18 +49,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {

    static bool CheckProgramNameValidity(GLuint program) {
        if (!MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateProgramName(program)) {
-            // Programs and shaders share one name space: a name that exists but
-            // belongs to a shader is INVALID_OPERATION, a name GL never handed
-            // out is INVALID_VALUE (GL 3.3 core 2.11.x).
-            const ErrorCode error = MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateShaderName(program)
-                ? ErrorCode::InvalidOperation
-                : ErrorCode::InvalidValue;
            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                error,
+                ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__,
-                                             std::to_string(program) +
-                                                 (error == ErrorCode::InvalidOperation ? " is not a program object."
-                                                                                       : " is not a valid name.")));
+                                             std::to_string(program) + " is not a valid name."));
            return false;
        }
        return true;
@@ -347,9 +339,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__, "Shader is not attached to program."));
            return;
        }
-        // A shader flagged with glDeleteShader lives on while attached; this detach may
-        // have been its last GL-visible attachment.
-        MG_State::pGLContext->ReleaseShaderNameIfOrphaned(shader);
    }

    void GetActiveAttrib_State(GLuint program, GLuint index, GLsizei bufSize, GLsizei* length, GLint* size,
@@ -613,18 +602,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            *params = programObject->GetActiveUniformBlocksMaxNameLength() + 1;
            MGLOG_D("%s: %s = %d", __func__, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(pname).c_str(), *params);
            break;
-        case GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_VARYINGS:
-            *params = static_cast<GLint>(programObject->GetTransformFeedbackVaryingCount());
-            MGLOG_D("%s: %s = %d", __func__, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(pname).c_str(), *params);
-            break;
-        case GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BUFFER_MODE:
-            *params = static_cast<GLint>(programObject->GetTransformFeedbackBufferMode());
-            MGLOG_D("%s: %s = %d", __func__, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(pname).c_str(), *params);
-            break;
-        case GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_VARYING_MAX_LENGTH:
-            *params = programObject->GetTransformFeedbackVaryingMaxLength();
-            MGLOG_D("%s: %s = %d", __func__, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(pname).c_str(), *params);
-            break;
        case GL_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_SIZE: { // GL >= 4.3
            if (!programObject->GetLinkStatus() || programObject->GetShaderIndexByStage(ShaderStage::Compute) < 0) {
                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
@@ -644,6 +621,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {

        case GL_PROGRAM_BINARY_LENGTH:

+        case GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BUFFER_MODE:
+        case GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_VARYINGS:
+        case GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_VARYING_MAX_LENGTH:
        case GL_GEOMETRY_VERTICES_OUT:
        case GL_GEOMETRY_INPUT_TYPE:
        case GL_GEOMETRY_OUTPUT_TYPE:
@@ -755,12 +735,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            auto size = programObject->GetUniformSizesInBytes(location);
            char* pUBO = (char*)programObject->MapUBO();
            auto* ttype = programObject->GetUniformTType(location);
-            if (pUBO == nullptr || offset == MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject::kInvalidUniformOffset ||
-                offset + size > programObject->GetUBOSize()) {
-                MGLOG_E("%s: uniform at program %u location %d has no backing storage; returning nothing", __func__,
-                        program, location);
-                return;
-            }

            if (!ttype->isMatrix() || ttype->getMatrixCols() != 3)
                Memcpy(params, pUBO + offset, size);
@@ -810,12 +784,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        auto size = programObject->GetUniformSizesInBytes(location);
        char* pUBO = static_cast<char*>(programObject->MapUBO());
        auto* ttype = programObject->GetUniformTType(location);
-        if (pUBO == nullptr || offset == MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject::kInvalidUniformOffset ||
-            offset + size > programObject->GetUBOSize()) {
-            MGLOG_E("%s: uniform at program %u location %d has no backing storage; returning nothing", __func__,
-                    program, location);
-            return;
-        }

        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, GLfloat>) {
            if (ttype->isMatrix() && ttype->getMatrixCols() == 3) {
@@ -844,13 +812,19 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
    }

    GLboolean IsProgram_State(GLuint program) {
-        // Deletion-flagged names stay valid while the object is still GL-visible (program in
-        // use, shader attached), so name validity is exactly the Is* answer.
+        /* FIXME: Handle situations that:
+         * A program object marked for deletion with glDeleteProgram but still in use as part of current
+         * rendering state is still considered a program object and glIsProgram will return GL_TRUE.
+         */
        if (program == 0) return GL_FALSE;
        return MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateProgramName(program) ? GL_TRUE : GL_FALSE;
    }

    GLboolean IsShader_State(GLuint shader) {
+        /* FIXME: Handle situations that:
+         * A shader object marked for deletion with glDeleteShader but still attached to a program object is still
+         * considered a shader object and glIsShader will return GL_TRUE.
+         */
        if (shader == 0) return GL_FALSE;
        return MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateShaderName(shader) ? GL_TRUE : GL_FALSE;
    }
@@ -860,18 +834,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        if (!programObject) return;
        MGLOG_D("%s: linking program %d", __func__, program);

-        // Relinking the program an active transform feedback captures from would
-        // invalidate its varyings mid-capture (GL 3.3 core 2.11.3).
-        if (MG_State::pGLContext->IsTransformFeedbackActive() &&
-            MG_State::pGLContext->GetTransformFeedbackProgram().get() == programObject.get()) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
-                    "MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__,
-                    "The program used by active transform feedback cannot be relinked."));
-            return;
-        }
-
        static Bool allowVSOnlyPrograms;
        static Bool initialized = false;
        if (!initialized) {
@@ -915,16 +877,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
    void UseProgram_State(GLuint program) {
        MGLOG_D("UseProgram_State: program=%u", program);

-        // GL 3.3 core 2.11.3: the program in use may not change while transform
-        // feedback is active (there is no pause in 3.3).
-        if (MG_State::pGLContext->IsTransformFeedbackActive()) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__,
-                                             "The current program cannot change while transform feedback is active."));
-            return;
-        }
-
        if (program == 0) {
            MG_State::pGLContext->UseProgram(0);
            return;
@@ -948,31 +900,14 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        if (!programObject.IsUniformOpaqueAtLocation(location)) {
            MGLOG_D("%s: program = %d, location = %d, maxLocation = %d", __func__, programObject.GetExternalIndex(),
                    location, programObject.GetMaxUniformLocation());
-            const SizeT size = programObject.GetUniformSizesInBytes(location);
-            const Uint offset = programObject.GetUniformOffset(location);
-            char* pUBO = static_cast<char*>(programObject.MapUBO());
-            const SizeT uboSize = programObject.GetUBOSize();
-            SizeT writeSize = ItemCount * sizeof(T);
-            if (size < writeSize) {
-                // Metadata bug: degrade to a clamped copy instead of killing the process.
-                MGLOG_E("%s: uniform size mismatch at program %u location %u: expected at least %zu bytes, got %zu "
-                        "bytes; clamping",
-                        __func__, programObject.GetExternalIndex(), location, ItemCount * sizeof(T), size);
-                writeSize = size;
-            }
-            if (pUBO == nullptr || offset == MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject::kInvalidUniformOffset ||
-                offset + byteOffsetInsideUniform + writeSize > uboSize) {
-                // Should not happen: linking gives every settable uniform backing
-                // storage. Log and drop the write instead of faulting.
-                MGLOG_E("%s: uniform at program %u location %u has no backing storage (ubo=%p offset=%u size=%zu "
-                        "uboSize=%zu); dropping write",
-                        __func__, programObject.GetExternalIndex(), location, static_cast<void*>(pUBO), offset,
-                        writeSize, uboSize);
-                return;
-            }
+            auto size = programObject.GetUniformSizesInBytes(location);
+            auto offset = programObject.GetUniformOffset(location);
+            MOBILEGL_ASSERT(size >= ItemCount * sizeof(T),
+                            "Uniform size mismatch, expected at least %zu bytes, got %zu bytes.", ItemCount * sizeof(T),
+                            size);
            MGLOG_D("%s: program = %d, location = %d, byteOffset = %d", __func__, programObject.GetExternalIndex(),
                    location, offset + byteOffsetInsideUniform);
-            Memcpy(pUBO + offset + byteOffsetInsideUniform, value, writeSize);
+            Memcpy((char*)programObject.MapUBO() + offset + byteOffsetInsideUniform, value, ItemCount * sizeof(T));
            programObject.MarkUBOContentDirty();
        } else {
            auto* ttype = programObject.GetUniformTType(location);
@@ -1005,11 +940,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        }

        for (GLint offset = 0; offset < count; offset++) {
-            if (offset > 0 && !programObject->UniformLocationsAliasSameUniform(location, location + offset)) {
-                // GL 3.3 §2.11.4: values for elements beyond the end of the uniform
-                // array are ignored. Never step onto a neighboring uniform's location.
-                break;
-            }
            if (!programObject->IsValidUniformLocation(location + offset)) {
                RecordInvalidUniformLocationError(__func__, location + offset, "the current program object");
                return;
@@ -1034,10 +964,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        }

        for (GLint offset = 0; offset < count; offset++) {
-            if (offset > 0 && !programObject->UniformLocationsAliasSameUniform(location, location + offset)) {
-                // Values for elements beyond the end of the uniform array are ignored.
-                break;
-            }
            if (!programObject->IsValidUniformLocation(location + offset)) {
                RecordInvalidUniformLocationError(__func__, location + offset,
                                                  "program " + std::to_string(program));
@@ -1166,10 +1092,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {

        // For matrix uniforms, we handle each matrix individually
        for (GLint i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-            if (i > 0 && !programObject->UniformLocationsAliasSameUniform(location, location + i)) {
-                // Values for elements beyond the end of the uniform array are ignored.
-                break;
-            }
            if (!programObject->IsValidUniformLocation(location + i)) {
                RecordInvalidUniformLocationError(__func__, location + i, "the current program object");
                return;
@@ -1202,10 +1124,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        // For matrix uniforms, we handle each matrix individually
        // Handle padding in mat3 correctly!!
        for (GLint i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-            if (i > 0 && !programObject->UniformLocationsAliasSameUniform(location, location + i)) {
-                // Values for elements beyond the end of the uniform array are ignored.
-                break;
-            }
            if (!programObject->IsValidUniformLocation(location + i)) {
                RecordInvalidUniformLocationError(__func__, location + i, "the current program object");
                return;
@@ -1241,10 +1159,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {

        // For matrix uniforms, we handle each matrix individually
        for (GLint i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-            if (i > 0 && !programObject->UniformLocationsAliasSameUniform(location, location + i)) {
-                // Values for elements beyond the end of the uniform array are ignored.
-                break;
-            }
            if (!programObject->IsValidUniformLocation(location + i)) {
                RecordInvalidUniformLocationError(__func__, location + i, "the current program object");
                return;
@@ -1305,10 +1219,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        }

        for (GLint i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-            if (i > 0 && !programObject->UniformLocationsAliasSameUniform(location, location + i)) {
-                // Values for elements beyond the end of the uniform array are ignored.
-                break;
-            }
            if (!programObject->IsValidUniformLocation(location + i)) {
                RecordInvalidUniformLocationError(__func__, location + i, "program " + std::to_string(program));
                return;
@@ -1339,10 +1249,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        }

        for (GLint i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-            if (i > 0 && !programObject->UniformLocationsAliasSameUniform(location, location + i)) {
-                // Values for elements beyond the end of the uniform array are ignored.
-                break;
-            }
            if (!programObject->IsValidUniformLocation(location + i)) {
                RecordInvalidUniformLocationError(__func__, location + i, "program " + std::to_string(program));
                return;
@@ -1377,10 +1283,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        }

        for (GLint i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-            if (i > 0 && !programObject->UniformLocationsAliasSameUniform(location, location + i)) {
-                // Values for elements beyond the end of the uniform array are ignored.
-                break;
-            }
            if (!programObject->IsValidUniformLocation(location + i)) {
                RecordInvalidUniformLocationError(__func__, location + i, "program " + std::to_string(program));
                return;
@@ -1439,7 +1341,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        }

        const auto& index = programObject->GetUniformBlockIndex(uniformBlockName);
-        MGLOG_D("GBI prog=%u name='%s' -> %d", program, uniformBlockName ? uniformBlockName : "(null)", (Int)index);
        return index;
    }

@@ -1463,7 +1364,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
                        std::to_string(program) + "."));
            return;
        }
-        MGLOG_D("UBB prog=%u idx=%u binding=%u", program, uniformBlockIndex, uniformBlockBinding);
        programObject->SetUniformBlockBinding(uniformBlockIndex, uniformBlockBinding);
    }

@@ -1535,13 +1435,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            MGLOG_D("%s: GL_UNIFORM_BLOCK_REFERENCED_BY_COMPUTE_SHADER = %d", __func__, *params);
            break;
        case GL_UNIFORM_BLOCK_ACTIVE_UNIFORM_INDICES: {
-            // Member entries of an arrayed block are recorded against the first instance;
-            // every instance of the array reports that shared member set (matches
-            // GL_UNIFORM_BLOCK_ACTIVE_UNIFORMS, which scans with the same owner index).
-            const Int ownerIndex = static_cast<Int>(programObject->GetUniformBlockMemberOwnerIndex(uniformBlockIndex));
            GLint uniformIndexCount = 0;
            for (Uint uniformIndex = 0; uniformIndex < programObject->GetUniformCount(); ++uniformIndex) {
-                if (programObject->GetActiveUniformBlockIndex(uniformIndex) != ownerIndex) {
+                if (programObject->GetActiveUniformBlockIndex(uniformIndex) != static_cast<Int>(uniformBlockIndex)) {
                    continue;
                }
                params[uniformIndexCount++] = static_cast<GLint>(uniformIndex);
@@ -2250,66 +2146,4 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
    void ValidateProgram(GLuint program) {
        ValidateProgram_State(program);
    }
-
-    void TransformFeedbackVaryings(GLuint program, GLsizei count, const GLchar* const* varyings, GLenum bufferMode) {
-        auto& programObject = TryToGetProgramObject(program);
-        if (!programObject) return;
-        if (bufferMode != GL_INTERLEAVED_ATTRIBS && bufferMode != GL_SEPARATE_ATTRIBS) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__, "bufferMode is not a valid capture mode."));
-            return;
-        }
-        if (count < 0) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__, "count must be non-negative."));
-            return;
-        }
-        // GL 3.3 core: SEPARATE_ATTRIBS count may not exceed the separate-attrib limit.
-        if (bufferMode == GL_SEPARATE_ATTRIBS && count > 4) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__,
-                                             "count exceeds GL_MAX_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_SEPARATE_ATTRIBS."));
-            return;
-        }
-        Vector<String> names;
-        names.reserve(static_cast<SizeT>(count));
-        for (GLsizei i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-            names.emplace_back(varyings != nullptr && varyings[i] != nullptr ? varyings[i] : "");
-        }
-        programObject->SetTransformFeedbackVaryings(Move(names), bufferMode);
-    }
-
-    void GetTransformFeedbackVarying(GLuint program, GLuint index, GLsizei bufSize, GLsizei* length, GLsizei* size,
-                                     GLenum* type, GLchar* name) {
-        auto& programObject = TryToGetProgramObject(program);
-        if (!programObject) return;
-        if (!programObject->GetLinkStatus()) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__,
-                                             std::to_string(program) + " has not been successfully linked."));
-            return;
-        }
-        const auto* varying = programObject->GetTransformFeedbackVarying(index);
-        if (varying == nullptr) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
-                    "MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__,
-                    "index is not an active transform feedback varying of the program."));
-            return;
-        }
-        if (size != nullptr) *size = varying->size;
-        if (type != nullptr) *type = varying->type;
-        GLsizei written = 0;
-        if (name != nullptr && bufSize > 0) {
-            written = std::min<GLsizei>(bufSize - 1, static_cast<GLsizei>(varying->name.size()));
-            Memcpy(name, varying->name.data(), static_cast<SizeT>(written));
-            name[written] = '\0';
-        }
-        if (length != nullptr) *length = written;
-    }
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl
@@ -138,7 +138,4 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
    GLint GetProgramResourceLocationIndex(GLuint program, GLenum programInterface, const GLchar* name);
    void ShaderStorageBlockBinding(GLuint program, GLuint storageBlockIndex, GLuint storageBlockBinding);
    void ValidateProgram(GLuint program);
-    void TransformFeedbackVaryings(GLuint program, GLsizei count, const GLchar* const* varyings, GLenum bufferMode);
-    void GetTransformFeedbackVarying(GLuint program, GLuint index, GLsizei bufSize, GLsizei* length, GLsizei* size,
-                                     GLenum* type, GLchar* name);
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            Bool ended = false;
            Bool resultCached = false;
            Uint64 cachedResult = 0;
-            // Transform feedback primitive counter at BeginQuery time.
-            Uint64 counterSnapshot = 0;
        };

        // Query calls may arrive from any thread (launchers migrate the context
@@ -43,11 +41,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        GLuint g_nextQueryId = 1;
        // Id of the query currently active on GL_TIME_ELAPSED (0 = none).
        GLuint g_activeTimeElapsedQueryId = 0;
-        // Ids of the queries active on the transform feedback targets (0 = none).
-        GLuint g_activePrimitivesWrittenQueryId = 0;
-        GLuint g_activePrimitivesGeneratedQueryId = 0;
-        // Id of the query active on GL_SAMPLES_PASSED (0 = none).
-        GLuint g_activeSamplesPassedQueryId = 0;

        Bool TimerQueryDisabled() {
            return MG_Config::Features.DisableTimerQuery;
@@ -133,11 +126,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
                        outValue = 0;
                        return true;
                    }
-                    // ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED* report a boolean.
-                    if (queryObject->target == GL_ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED ||
-                        queryObject->target == GL_ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED_CONSERVATIVE) {
-                        result = result != 0 ? 1 : 0;
-                    }
                    // Final value produced (or no GetQueryResult64 hook: the
                    // query degrades to a zero result); the backend handle is
                    // consumed and the value cached for later reads.
@@ -192,24 +180,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            }
            QueryObject* queryObject = it->second;
            if (queryObject->active) {
-                // Implicitly end before deletion, releasing the matching active slot.
-                if (queryObject->target == GL_SAMPLES_PASSED || queryObject->target == GL_ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED ||
-                    queryObject->target == GL_ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED_CONSERVATIVE) {
-                    if (const auto endOcclusionQuery = MG_Backend::gBackendFunctionsTable.GL.EndOcclusionQuery;
-                        endOcclusionQuery && queryObject->backendHandle) {
-                        endOcclusionQuery(queryObject->backendHandle);
-                    }
-                    queryObject->active = false;
-                    g_activeSamplesPassedQueryId = 0;
-                } else if (queryObject->target == GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_PRIMITIVES_WRITTEN ||
-                           queryObject->target == GL_PRIMITIVES_GENERATED) {
-                    queryObject->active = false;
-                    (queryObject->target == GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_PRIMITIVES_WRITTEN
-                         ? g_activePrimitivesWrittenQueryId
-                         : g_activePrimitivesGeneratedQueryId) = 0;
-                } else {
-                    EndTimeElapsedQueryLocked(queryObject);
-                }
+                EndTimeElapsedQueryLocked(queryObject); // implicitly end before deletion
            }
            if (queryObject->backendHandle) {
                if (const auto deleteBackendQuery = MG_Backend::gBackendFunctionsTable.GL.DeleteBackendQuery) {
@@ -233,15 +204,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
    }

    void BeginQuery(GLenum target, GLuint id) {
-        const Bool isTransformFeedbackQuery =
-            target == GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_PRIMITIVES_WRITTEN || target == GL_PRIMITIVES_GENERATED;
-        const Bool isOcclusionQuery =
-            (target == GL_SAMPLES_PASSED || target == GL_ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED ||
-             target == GL_ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED_CONSERVATIVE) &&
-            MG_Backend::gBackendFunctionsTable.GL.BeginOcclusionQuery != nullptr;
-        if (target != GL_TIME_ELAPSED && !isTransformFeedbackQuery && !isOcclusionQuery) {
-            // GL_TIMESTAMP is not a valid BeginQuery target; the occlusion targets
-            // need backend support.
+        if (target != GL_TIME_ELAPSED) {
+            // Only GL_TIME_ELAPSED timer queries are implemented (occlusion and
+            // primitive queries remain stubs); GL_TIMESTAMP is not a valid
+            // BeginQuery target either.
            RecordQueryError(ErrorCode::InvalidEnum, __FUNCTION__, "Query target is not supported.");
            return;
        }
@@ -255,13 +221,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            RecordQueryError(ErrorCode::InvalidOperation, __FUNCTION__, "Query object does not exist.");
            return;
        }
-        GLuint& activeQueryId = isTransformFeedbackQuery
-            ? (target == GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_PRIMITIVES_WRITTEN ? g_activePrimitivesWrittenQueryId
-                                                                  : g_activePrimitivesGeneratedQueryId)
-            : (isOcclusionQuery ? g_activeSamplesPassedQueryId : g_activeTimeElapsedQueryId);
-        if (activeQueryId != 0) {
+        if (g_activeTimeElapsedQueryId != 0) {
            RecordQueryError(ErrorCode::InvalidOperation, __FUNCTION__,
-                             "A query is already active on this target.");
+                             "A query is already active on GL_TIME_ELAPSED.");
            return;
        }
        if (queryObject->active) {
@@ -277,72 +239,25 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        ResetQueryObjectLocked(queryObject); // discard any previous result
        queryObject->target = target;
        queryObject->active = true;
-        if (isTransformFeedbackQuery) {
-            // Prefer real GPU transform-feedback queries (exact with geometry shaders);
-            // the CPU accounting delta stays as the fallback when the backend lacks them.
-            const auto beginXfbPrimitivesQuery = MG_Backend::gBackendFunctionsTable.GL.BeginXfbPrimitivesQuery;
-            queryObject->backendHandle =
-                beginXfbPrimitivesQuery ? beginXfbPrimitivesQuery(target == GL_PRIMITIVES_GENERATED) : nullptr;
-            queryObject->counterSnapshot = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTransformFeedbackPrimitiveCounter();
-        } else if (isOcclusionQuery) {
-            queryObject->backendHandle = MG_Backend::gBackendFunctionsTable.GL.BeginOcclusionQuery();
-        } else {
-            const auto beginTimeElapsedQuery = MG_Backend::gBackendFunctionsTable.GL.BeginTimeElapsedQuery;
-            queryObject->backendHandle =
-                (!TimerQueryDisabled() && beginTimeElapsedQuery) ? beginTimeElapsedQuery() : nullptr;
-        }
-        activeQueryId = id;
+        const auto beginTimeElapsedQuery = MG_Backend::gBackendFunctionsTable.GL.BeginTimeElapsedQuery;
+        queryObject->backendHandle =
+            (!TimerQueryDisabled() && beginTimeElapsedQuery) ? beginTimeElapsedQuery() : nullptr;
+        g_activeTimeElapsedQueryId = id;
    }

    void EndQuery(GLenum target) {
-        const Bool isTransformFeedbackQuery =
-            target == GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_PRIMITIVES_WRITTEN || target == GL_PRIMITIVES_GENERATED;
-        const Bool isOcclusionQuery =
-            (target == GL_SAMPLES_PASSED || target == GL_ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED ||
-             target == GL_ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED_CONSERVATIVE) &&
-            MG_Backend::gBackendFunctionsTable.GL.BeginOcclusionQuery != nullptr;
-        if (target != GL_TIME_ELAPSED && !isTransformFeedbackQuery && !isOcclusionQuery) {
+        if (target != GL_TIME_ELAPSED) {
            RecordQueryError(ErrorCode::InvalidEnum, __FUNCTION__, "Query target is not supported.");
            return;
        }
        const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_queryObjectsMutex);
-        GLuint& activeQueryId = isTransformFeedbackQuery
-            ? (target == GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_PRIMITIVES_WRITTEN ? g_activePrimitivesWrittenQueryId
-                                                                  : g_activePrimitivesGeneratedQueryId)
-            : (isOcclusionQuery ? g_activeSamplesPassedQueryId : g_activeTimeElapsedQueryId);
-        if (activeQueryId == 0) {
-            RecordQueryError(ErrorCode::InvalidOperation, __FUNCTION__, "No query is active on this target.");
+        if (g_activeTimeElapsedQueryId == 0) {
+            RecordQueryError(ErrorCode::InvalidOperation, __FUNCTION__, "No query is active on GL_TIME_ELAPSED.");
            return;
        }
-        auto* queryObject = FindQueryObjectLocked(activeQueryId);
+        auto* queryObject = FindQueryObjectLocked(g_activeTimeElapsedQueryId);
        if (!queryObject) {
-            activeQueryId = 0; // should not happen; keep state consistent
-            return;
-        }
-        if (isTransformFeedbackQuery) {
-            if (queryObject->backendHandle) {
-                if (const auto endXfbPrimitivesQuery = MG_Backend::gBackendFunctionsTable.GL.EndXfbPrimitivesQuery) {
-                    endXfbPrimitivesQuery(queryObject->backendHandle);
-                }
-                // Result comes from the GPU query at read time.
-            } else {
-                queryObject->cachedResult =
-                    MG_State::pGLContext->GetTransformFeedbackPrimitiveCounter() - queryObject->counterSnapshot;
-                queryObject->resultCached = true;
-            }
-            queryObject->active = false;
-            queryObject->ended = true;
-            activeQueryId = 0;
-            return;
-        }
-        if (isOcclusionQuery) {
-            if (const auto endOcclusionQuery = MG_Backend::gBackendFunctionsTable.GL.EndOcclusionQuery;
-                endOcclusionQuery && queryObject->backendHandle) {
-                endOcclusionQuery(queryObject->backendHandle);
-            }
-            queryObject->active = false;
-            queryObject->ended = true;
-            activeQueryId = 0;
+            g_activeTimeElapsedQueryId = 0; // should not happen; keep state consistent
            return;
        }
        EndTimeElapsedQueryLocked(queryObject);
@@ -388,25 +303,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        switch (pname) {
        case GL_CURRENT_QUERY: {
            const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_queryObjectsMutex);
-            switch (target) {
-            case GL_TIME_ELAPSED:
-                *params = static_cast<GLint>(g_activeTimeElapsedQueryId);
-                break;
-            case GL_SAMPLES_PASSED:
-            case GL_ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED:
-            case GL_ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED_CONSERVATIVE:
-                *params = static_cast<GLint>(g_activeSamplesPassedQueryId);
-                break;
-            case GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_PRIMITIVES_WRITTEN:
-                *params = static_cast<GLint>(g_activePrimitivesWrittenQueryId);
-                break;
-            case GL_PRIMITIVES_GENERATED:
-                *params = static_cast<GLint>(g_activePrimitivesGeneratedQueryId);
-                break;
-            default:
-                *params = 0;
-                break;
-            }
+            // Only GL_TIME_ELAPSED queries can be active; GL_TIMESTAMP queries
+            // never are, and other targets remain unimplemented.
+            *params = target == GL_TIME_ELAPSED ? static_cast<GLint>(g_activeTimeElapsedQueryId) : 0;
            return;
        }
        case GL_QUERY_COUNTER_BITS: {
@@ -414,13 +313,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            // time: IsTimerQuerySupported is the dynamic truth (extension /
            // entry points / timestamp valid bits at call time, not at table
            // init), and the MOBILEGL_DISABLE_TIMERQUERY kill switch always
-            // wins.
-            if (target == GL_SAMPLES_PASSED || target == GL_ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED ||
-                target == GL_ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED_CONSERVATIVE) {
-                const Bool occlusionSupported = MG_Backend::gBackendFunctionsTable.GL.BeginOcclusionQuery != nullptr;
-                *params = occlusionSupported ? (target == GL_SAMPLES_PASSED ? 32 : 1) : 0;
-                return;
-            }
+            // wins. Non-timer targets remain unimplemented and report 0.
            const Bool timerTarget = target == GL_TIME_ELAPSED || target == GL_TIMESTAMP;
            const auto isTimerQuerySupported = MG_Backend::gBackendFunctionsTable.GL.IsTimerQuerySupported;
            const Bool supported =
@@ -649,9 +649,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
    }

    void ClearDepth_State(GLclampd depth) {
-        // GL 3.3 §4.2.3: the clear depth is clamped to [0,1] at specification time (Vulkan clear
-        // values additionally require it: VUID-VkClearDepthStencilValue-depth-00022).
-        MG_State::pGLContext->SetClearDepth(ClampUnitFloat(static_cast<Float>(depth)));
+        MG_State::pGLContext->SetClearDepth(static_cast<Float>(depth));
    }

    void ClearColor_State(GLfloat red, GLfloat green, GLfloat blue, GLfloat alpha) {
@@ -185,11 +185,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        static thread_local Vector<GLuint> names;
        MG_State::pGLContext->GenSamplerNames(count, names);
        Memcpy(samplers, names.data(), count * sizeof(GLuint));
-        // Unlike textures/buffers, glGenSamplers CREATES the sampler objects: each name
-        // is immediately a sampler (glIsSampler == GL_TRUE before any bind).
-        for (GLsizei i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->CreateSamplerObject(names[i]);
-        }
    }

    void DeleteSamplers_State(GLsizei count, const GLuint* samplers) {
@@ -238,16 +233,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        if (sampler == 0) {
            textureUnit.SetSamplerObject(nullptr);
        } else {
-            // GL 3.3 core 3.8.2: BindSampler on a name GenSamplers never returned - or one already
-            // deleted - is INVALID_OPERATION. SamplerParameter* raises INVALID_VALUE for the same
-            // name, which is why this cannot go through the shared SamplerImpl validator.
-            if (!MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateSamplerName(sampler)) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "BindSampler_State",
-                                                 std::format("Invalid sampler name {}", sampler)));
-                return;
-            }
+            if (!SamplerImpl::ValidateSamplerName(sampler)) return;
            Bool doesSamplerObjectCreated = MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateSamplerObject(sampler);
            if (!doesSamplerObjectCreated) {
                MG_State::pGLContext->CreateSamplerObject(sampler);
@@ -133,33 +133,4 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            values[0] = value;
        }
    }
-
-    void DestroyAllSyncObjects() {
-        // Detach the registry under the lock, release outside it. Entries the app
-        // already deleted were erased by DeleteSync, so nothing here double-frees;
-        // a DeleteSync racing this sweep finds an empty registry and returns. A
-        // thread still blocked inside ClientWaitSync/GetSynciv during teardown
-        // holds a raw SyncObject* these deletes invalidate - the same undefined
-        // race an app-driven DeleteSync already has.
-        UnorderedMap<GLsync, SyncObject*> orphans;
-        {
-            const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_syncObjectsMutex);
-            orphans.swap(g_liveSyncObjects);
-        }
-        if (orphans.empty()) {
-            return;
-        }
-        // Both backends' DeleteSync only free the heap wrapper once their GL
-        // context/renderer is gone (generation/current-thread guards), so this is
-        // safe after the backend has released its EGL resources - but not after
-        // the function table itself is cleared.
-        const auto backendDeleteSync = MG_Backend::gBackendFunctionsTable.GL.DeleteSync;
-        for (const auto& [_, syncObject] : orphans) {
-            if (backendDeleteSync && syncObject->backendHandle) {
-                backendDeleteSync(syncObject->backendHandle);
-            }
-            delete syncObject;
-        }
-        MGLOG_D("DestroyAllSyncObjects: reclaimed %zu sync object(s) the app left undeleted", orphans.size());
-    }
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl
@@ -16,12 +16,4 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
    void WaitSync(GLsync sync, GLbitfield flags, GLuint64 timeout);
    void DeleteSync(GLsync sync);
    void GetSynciv(GLsync sync, GLenum pname, GLsizei bufSize, GLsizei* length, GLint* values);
-    // Destroys every still-registered sync object exactly as DeleteSync would.
-    // GL requires syncs to die with their context; called only from full library
-    // teardown (DestroyImpl), where no context survives on any thread, so the
-    // process-global registry can be drained wholesale. Must run while the
-    // backend function table is still populated: each backend handle has to be
-    // released by the backend that created it, never by a later re-initialized
-    // one.
-    void DestroyAllSyncObjects();
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl
@@ -294,16 +294,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
                MG_State::GLState::TextureState::MAX_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS));
        }

-        // Array targets store their layer count in z; layers never participate in mip
-        // reduction (GL 3.3 §3.8.14), only true 3D textures halve their depth per level.
-        Bool DepthParticipatesInMipmapping(TextureTarget target) {
-            return target == TextureTarget::Texture3D;
-        }
-
-        Uint ComputeFullMipmapLevelCount(const IntVec3& baseTexelSize, Bool depthMips) {
+        Uint ComputeFullMipmapLevelCount(const IntVec3& baseTexelSize) {
            Int maxDimension = std::max<Int>(
                baseTexelSize.x(),
-                std::max<Int>(baseTexelSize.y(), depthMips ? std::max<Int>(baseTexelSize.z(), 1) : 1));
+                std::max<Int>(baseTexelSize.y(), std::max<Int>(baseTexelSize.z(), 1)));
            Uint mipLevelCount = 1;
            while (maxDimension > 1) {
                maxDimension = std::max<Int>(maxDimension / 2, 1);
@@ -312,12 +306,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            return mipLevelCount;
        }

-        IntVec3 ComputeMipmapTexelSize(const IntVec3& baseTexelSize, Uint relativeLevel, Bool depthMips) {
+        IntVec3 ComputeMipmapTexelSize(const IntVec3& baseTexelSize, Uint relativeLevel) {
            return {
                std::max<Int>(baseTexelSize.x() >> static_cast<Int>(relativeLevel), 1),
                std::max<Int>(baseTexelSize.y() >> static_cast<Int>(relativeLevel), 1),
-                depthMips ? std::max<Int>(baseTexelSize.z() >> static_cast<Int>(relativeLevel), 1)
-                          : std::max<Int>(baseTexelSize.z(), 1),
+                std::max<Int>(baseTexelSize.z() >> static_cast<Int>(relativeLevel), 1),
            };
        }

@@ -340,20 +333,15 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            }

            const SizeT bytesPerTexel = baseByteSize / baseTexelCount;
-            const Bool depthMips = DepthParticipatesInMipmapping(texture.GetTarget());
-            const Uint requiredLevelCount = ComputeFullMipmapLevelCount(baseTexelSize, depthMips);
+            const Uint requiredLevelCount = ComputeFullMipmapLevelCount(baseTexelSize);
            for (Uint level = 1; level < requiredLevelCount; ++level) {
-                const IntVec3 levelTexelSize = ComputeMipmapTexelSize(baseTexelSize, level, depthMips);
+                const IntVec3 levelTexelSize = ComputeMipmapTexelSize(baseTexelSize, level);
                const SizeT levelByteSize = bytesPerTexel * static_cast<SizeT>(levelTexelSize.x()) *
                                            static_cast<SizeT>(levelTexelSize.y()) *
                                            static_cast<SizeT>(levelTexelSize.z());
                texture.AllocateStorage(uploadTarget, level, {levelTexelSize, levelByteSize});
                texture.MarkStorageDirty(uploadTarget, level, false);
            }
-            // glGenerateMipmap defines exactly levels 0..requiredLevelCount-1. AllocateStorage only
-            // grows, so a previously longer chain (a bigger base image before respecification) would
-            // otherwise keep a tail of stale levels here and read as incomplete.
-            texture.TruncateMipmapLevels(uploadTarget, requiredLevelCount);
            // Mip generation grows/regenerates the level set on the GPU without marking any CPU
            // level dirty (MarkStorageDirty(...,false) above). Bump the content version so the
            // backend re-syncs: a cached sampled VkImageView built for the pre-generate level
@@ -426,17 +414,18 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
                                                 "2D multisample textures must use depth 1."));
                return false;
            }
-            // Zero layers is NOT an error for multisample arrays: depth == 0 (like width/height
-            // == 0) deallocates the image - GL 4.5 8.8 only raises INVALID_VALUE for negative
-            // dimensions, and GL CTS's per-case state reset (gluStateReset) clears the default
-            // GL_TEXTURE_2D_MULTISAMPLE_ARRAY texture with glTexImage3DMultisample(..., 0, 0, 0).
+            if (textureTarget == TextureTarget::Texture2DMultisampleArray && depth == 0) {
+                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                    ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
+                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", caller,
+                                                 "2D multisample array textures must have at least one layer."));
+                return false;
+            }

            const Int maxSamples = GetMaxSupportedTextureSamples(textureInternalFormat);
            if (samples > maxSamples) {
-                // GL specifies INVALID_OPERATION - not INVALID_VALUE - when the sample count
-                // exceeds what the format supports, and the native Adreno driver agrees.
                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
+                    ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
                        "MG_Impl/GLImpl", caller,
                        std::format("Sample count {} exceeds the supported maximum {} for this texture format.",
@@ -460,56 +449,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            textureObject->SetSamples(samples);
            textureObject->SetFixedSampleLocations(fixedsamplelocations == GL_TRUE);
            textureMipmapObject->AllocateStorage(textureUploadTarget, 0, {{width, height, depth}, 0});
-            // Multisample textures are single-level by definition, so a name that previously held a
-            // mip chain must not keep its tail now that AllocateStorage only grows.
-            textureMipmapObject->TruncateMipmapLevels(textureUploadTarget, 1);
            textureMipmapObject->MarkStorageDirty(textureUploadTarget, 0, false);
        }
-
-        // Redefining level 0 of a texture that already had a base image drops the rest of the chain,
-        // which is exactly what AllocateLevel used to do implicitly for every level. Keeping that
-        // behaviour for level 0 - and only for level 0 - is what makes the grow-only change safe:
-        // any level-0 respecification leaves the chain in precisely the state it would have had
-        // before, while an upload to level N no longer destroys the levels beneath it.
-        //
-        // Why it has to be *every* level-0 respecification and not just a size change: Minecraft's
-        // Mipmap Levels setting rebuilds the block atlas at the SAME dimensions with a different
-        // level count. A size-only test would leave the old tail in place, and because Mojang
-        // terminates its chains with a 0x0 level the result is the zero-then-nonzero pattern that
-        // IsComplete() rejects (TextureObject.cpp) - whereupon DirectGLES skips syncing the texture
-        // entirely (Managers.cpp) and the atlas samples black.
-        //
-        // The "already has a base image" test is what lets the fix work at all: a level that was
-        // never written reads back as {0,0,0}, so building a chain top-down - upload level N first,
-        // then level 0 - must not discard the levels just uploaded. That ordering is what
-        // KHR-GL33.texture_repeat_mode does.
-        // Scoped to the respecified upload target only, which is what AllocateLevel already did.
-        // Cube maps keep six independent chains while reporting a single level count (face +X), so
-        // respecifying a face other than +X can leave the count longer than that face - but that
-        // asymmetry predates this change and widening the truncation to all six faces would destroy
-        // mip data for faces the application never touched. Left alone deliberately.
-        void DiscardMipmapChainOnBaseRespecification(MG_State::GLState::TextureObjectMipmap* texture,
-                                                     TextureUploadTarget uploadTarget, Uint level) {
-            if (level != 0) return;
-
-            const IntVec3 existingBaseSize = texture->GetMipmapTexelSize(uploadTarget, 0);
-            const Bool hasExistingBaseImage =
-                existingBaseSize.x() > 0 && existingBaseSize.y() > 0 && existingBaseSize.z() > 0;
-            if (!hasExistingBaseImage) return;
-
-            texture->TruncateMipmapLevels(uploadTarget, 1);
-        }
-
-        // Compressed texture upload is not implemented yet. GL_NUM_COMPRESSED_TEXTURE_FORMATS
-        // reports 0, so every compressed internalformat is by definition unsupported and
-        // GL_INVALID_ENUM is the specified error - unlike THROW_UNIMPL_EXCEPTION, which unwinds
-        // a C++ exception through the C GL ABI and takes the process down.
-        void RecordUnsupportedCompressedFormat(const char* caller) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", caller,
-                                             "Compressed texture formats are not supported."));
-        }
    } // namespace

    const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& GetTextureObjectByName(GLuint texture, const char* caller) {
@@ -524,223 +465,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        return textureObject;
    }

-    namespace {
-        void RecordClearTextureError(const char* caller, ErrorCode code, const String& message) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                code, MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", caller, message));
-        }
-
-        SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::TextureObjectMipmap> GetClearTextureObject(GLuint texture, GLint level,
-                                                                                const char* caller) {
-            if (texture == 0) {
-                RecordClearTextureError(caller, ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                                        "Clear texture operations require a non-zero texture name.");
-                return nullptr;
-            }
-
-            auto textureObject = GetTextureObjectByName(texture, caller);
-            if (!textureObject) return nullptr;
-            if (textureObject->GetStorageType() != TextureStorageType::Mipmap) {
-                RecordClearTextureError(caller, ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                                        "Buffer textures cannot be cleared with glClearTexImage.");
-                return nullptr;
-            }
-
-            auto mipmapTexture = std::static_pointer_cast<MG_State::GLState::TextureObjectMipmap>(textureObject);
-            if (level < 0) {
-                RecordClearTextureError(caller, ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                                        std::format("Texture level {} is negative.", level));
-                return nullptr;
-            }
-            // ARB_clear_texture: clearing an image that was never defined by TexImage*/
-            // TexStorage* is INVALID_OPERATION, not INVALID_VALUE.
-            if (static_cast<Uint>(level) >= mipmapTexture->GetMipmapLevelCount()) {
-                RecordClearTextureError(caller, ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                                        std::format("Texture level {} is not defined.", level));
-                return nullptr;
-            }
-            return mipmapTexture;
-        }
-
-        Bool BuildClearPixel(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::TextureObjectMipmap>& textureObject,
-                             GLenum format, GLenum type, const void* data, Vector<Uint8>& clearPixel) {
-            const TextureInputFormat inputFormat = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureInputFormat(format);
-            const TexturePixelDataType inputType = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTexturePixelDataType(type);
-            if (!TextureImpl::ValidateTextureInputFormat(inputFormat) ||
-                !TextureImpl::ValidateTexturePixelDataType(inputType) ||
-                !TextureImpl::ValidateTextureInternalFormatCompatibleWithInput(
-                    inputFormat, textureObject->GetFormat(), inputType)) {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            clearPixel.clear();
-            if (data == nullptr) {
-                // ARB_clear_texture defines a null clear value as all zeroes. Keeping the
-                // pattern empty lets the region writer use a fast memset path.
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            PixelStoreParameters clearPixelStore{};
-            clearPixelStore.Alignment = 1;
-            SizeT clearPixelSize = 0;
-            void* converted = MG_Util::PixelStoreProcessor::ProcessTexturePixelsDataUnpack(
-                data, clearPixelStore, textureObject->GetFormat(), inputFormat, inputType,
-                {1, 1, 1}, false, clearPixelSize);
-            if (!converted || clearPixelSize == 0) {
-                if (converted) free(converted);
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            clearPixel.resize(clearPixelSize);
-            Memcpy(clearPixel.data(), converted, clearPixelSize);
-            free(converted);
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        // Writes the clear into the CPU shadow and marks the whole level dirty, exactly like
-        // TexSubImage*_State does. Shared limitation of the level-granular shadow sync: the
-        // shadow does not reflect GPU-side writes (FBO rendering, imageStore), so a PARTIAL
-        // clear of a GPU-written level re-uploads stale shadow bytes outside the region on
-        // the next sync. Full-level clears (glClearTexImage, or a sub-clear covering the
-        // level) rewrite the entire shadow and are always correct.
-        Bool ClearMipmapRegion(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::TextureObjectMipmap>& textureObject,
-                               TextureUploadTarget uploadTarget, GLint level,
-                               GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLint zoffset,
-                               GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLsizei depth,
-                               const Vector<Uint8>& clearPixel, const char* caller) {
-            const IntVec3 texelSize = textureObject->GetMipmapTexelSize(uploadTarget, static_cast<Uint>(level));
-            if (texelSize.x() <= 0 || texelSize.y() <= 0 || texelSize.z() <= 0) {
-                RecordClearTextureError(caller, ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                                        "The requested texture level has no storage.");
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (xoffset < 0 || yoffset < 0 || zoffset < 0 ||
-                width < 0 || height < 0 || depth < 0 ||
-                width > texelSize.x() - xoffset ||
-                height > texelSize.y() - yoffset ||
-                depth > texelSize.z() - zoffset) {
-                RecordClearTextureError(caller, ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                                        "The clear region lies outside the requested texture level.");
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (width == 0 || height == 0 || depth == 0) return true;
-
-            const SizeT texelCount = static_cast<SizeT>(texelSize.x()) *
-                                     static_cast<SizeT>(texelSize.y()) *
-                                     static_cast<SizeT>(texelSize.z());
-            const SizeT byteSize = textureObject->GetMipmapByteSize(uploadTarget, static_cast<Uint>(level));
-            if (byteSize == 0 || byteSize % texelCount != 0) {
-                RecordClearTextureError(caller, ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                                        "The requested texture storage cannot be cleared.");
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            const SizeT bytesPerTexel = byteSize / texelCount;
-            if (!clearPixel.empty() && clearPixel.size() != bytesPerTexel) {
-                RecordClearTextureError(
-                    caller, ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                    std::format("Converted clear value is {} bytes, but the texture stores {} bytes per texel.",
-                                clearPixel.size(), bytesPerTexel));
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            auto* destination = static_cast<Uint8*>(
-                textureObject->MapMipmapData(uploadTarget, static_cast<Uint>(level)));
-            if (!destination) {
-                RecordClearTextureError(caller, ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                                        "The requested texture level could not be mapped.");
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            const SizeT fullRowBytes = static_cast<SizeT>(texelSize.x()) * bytesPerTexel;
-            const SizeT fullSliceBytes = static_cast<SizeT>(texelSize.y()) * fullRowBytes;
-            const SizeT clearRowBytes = static_cast<SizeT>(width) * bytesPerTexel;
-            Uint8* firstClearRow = nullptr;
-
-            for (GLsizei z = 0; z < depth; ++z) {
-                for (GLsizei y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
-                    Uint8* row = destination +
-                                 static_cast<SizeT>(zoffset + z) * fullSliceBytes +
-                                 static_cast<SizeT>(yoffset + y) * fullRowBytes +
-                                 static_cast<SizeT>(xoffset) * bytesPerTexel;
-                    if (firstClearRow) {
-                        Memcpy(row, firstClearRow, clearRowBytes);
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    firstClearRow = row;
-                    if (clearPixel.empty()) {
-                        Memset(row, 0, clearRowBytes);
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    Memcpy(row, clearPixel.data(), bytesPerTexel);
-                    SizeT filled = bytesPerTexel;
-                    while (filled < clearRowBytes) {
-                        const SizeT copySize = std::min(filled, clearRowBytes - filled);
-                        Memcpy(row + filled, row, copySize);
-                        filled += copySize;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            textureObject->MarkStorageDirty(uploadTarget, static_cast<Uint>(level), true);
-            return true;
-        }
-    } // namespace
-
-    void ClearTexImage(GLuint texture, GLint level, GLenum format, GLenum type, const void* data) {
-        auto textureObject = GetClearTextureObject(texture, level, __func__);
-        if (!textureObject) return;
-
-        Vector<Uint8> clearPixel;
-        if (!BuildClearPixel(textureObject, format, type, data, clearPixel)) return;
-
-        for (TextureUploadTarget uploadTarget : textureObject->GetUploadTargets()) {
-            const IntVec3 size = textureObject->GetMipmapTexelSize(uploadTarget, static_cast<Uint>(level));
-            if (!ClearMipmapRegion(textureObject, uploadTarget, level, 0, 0, 0,
-                                   size.x(), size.y(), size.z(), clearPixel, __func__)) {
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    void ClearTexSubImage(GLuint texture, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLint zoffset,
-                          GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLsizei depth, GLenum format, GLenum type,
-                          const void* data) {
-        auto textureObject = GetClearTextureObject(texture, level, __func__);
-        if (!textureObject) return;
-
-        Vector<Uint8> clearPixel;
-        if (!BuildClearPixel(textureObject, format, type, data, clearPixel)) return;
-
-        const auto& uploadTargets = textureObject->GetUploadTargets();
-        if (textureObject->GetTarget() == TextureTarget::TextureCubeMap) {
-            if (zoffset < 0 || depth < 0 ||
-                static_cast<SizeT>(zoffset) > uploadTargets.size() ||
-                static_cast<SizeT>(depth) > uploadTargets.size() - static_cast<SizeT>(zoffset)) {
-                RecordClearTextureError(__func__, ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                                        "The cube-map clear region selects invalid faces.");
-                return;
-            }
-            for (GLsizei face = 0; face < depth; ++face) {
-                if (!ClearMipmapRegion(textureObject, uploadTargets[static_cast<SizeT>(zoffset + face)], level,
-                                       xoffset, yoffset, 0, width, height, 1, clearPixel, __func__)) {
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (uploadTargets.empty()) {
-            RecordClearTextureError(__func__, ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                                    "The requested texture has no upload target.");
-            return;
-        }
-        ClearMipmapRegion(textureObject, uploadTargets.front(), level, xoffset, yoffset, zoffset,
-                          width, height, depth, clearPixel, __func__);
-    }
-
    Bool ValidateTextureParameterForTarget(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& textureObject,
                                           GLenum pname, GLint param, const char* caller) {
        const auto target = textureObject->GetTarget();
@@ -847,14 +571,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        case GL_TEXTURE_SWIZZLE_A: {
            auto swizzleParam = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumPnameToTextureSwizzleParam(pname);
            auto swizzleValue = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureSwizzleParam(param);
-            if (swizzleValue == TextureSwizzleParam::Unknown) {
-                // GL CTS texture_swizzle.api_errors: single-value TexParameter* with a value outside
-                // [RED, GREEN, BLUE, ALPHA, ZERO, ONE] must raise GL_INVALID_ENUM.
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", caller, "Invalid texture swizzle value."));
-                return;
-            }
            textureObject->SetSwizzleParam(swizzleParam, swizzleValue);
            break;
        }
@@ -1044,23 +760,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        }
    }

-    // Texture-parameter lookups must not raise GL_INVALID_OPERATION when the default texture
-    // (name 0) is bound: glTexParameter* on default textures is legal GL (the GL CTS state reset
-    // sets swizzles/levels on texture 0 for every unit x target and expects glGetError() to stay
-    // clean). Name 0 resolves to the target's real default texture object, so parameters set on
-    // it are stored and queryable like on any texture.
-    const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& GetTextureObjectByTargetForParameter(
-        TextureUploadTarget textureUploadTarget, TextureTarget textureTarget) {
-        if (TextureImpl::IsProxyTextureTarget(textureUploadTarget)) {
-            return TextureImpl::pProxyTextureManager->GetProxyTextureObject(textureUploadTarget);
-        }
-        if (textureTarget == TextureTarget::Unknown) {
-            return nullTextureObject;
-        }
-        auto& activeUnit = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTextureUnitObject(MG_State::pGLContext->GetActiveTextureUnit());
-        return activeUnit.GetBindingSlot(textureTarget).GetBoundObject();
-    }
-
    void GenerateMipmap_Backend(GLenum target) {
        MG_Backend::gBackendFunctionsTable.GL.GenerateMipmap(target);
    }
@@ -1106,12 +805,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(nullptr != static_cast<MG_State::GLState::TextureObjectMipmap*>(textureObject.get()),
                        "Texture object here should always be an object with mipmap");
        auto textureMipmapObject = static_cast<MG_State::GLState::TextureObjectMipmap*>(textureObject.get());
-        if (static_cast<Uint>(level) >= textureMipmapObject->GetMipmapLevelCount()) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__, "Texture level is out of range."));
-            return;
-        }

        const void* originalPixels = pixels;
        const auto& pixelUnpackBufferObject =
@@ -1144,14 +837,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        const SizeT destRowSize = static_cast<SizeT>(texelSize.x()) * internalBpp;
        const SizeT destSliceSize = static_cast<SizeT>(texelSize.y()) * destRowSize;

-        if (xoffset + width > static_cast<GLsizei>(texelSize.x()) ||
-            yoffset + height > static_cast<GLsizei>(texelSize.y()) ||
-            zoffset + depth > static_cast<GLsizei>(texelSize.z())) {
-            MGLOG_E("TexSubImage3D_State: Specified region exceeds texture level dimensions");
-            free(processedPixels);
-            return;
-        }
-
        const auto* srcData = static_cast<const Uint8*>(processedPixels);
        Uint8* destData = static_cast<Uint8*>(textureMipmapObject->MapMipmapData(textureUploadTarget, level));
        if (destData) {
@@ -1368,7 +1053,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        TextureTarget textureTarget = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureTarget(target);

        // ======================= Processing ================================
-        auto& textureObject = GetTextureObjectByTargetForParameter(textureUploadTarget, textureTarget);
+        auto& textureObject = GetTextureObjectByTarget(textureUploadTarget, textureTarget);
        if (!textureObject) return;

        switch (pname) {
@@ -1401,12 +1086,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        case GL_TEXTURE_SWIZZLE_A: {
            auto swizzleParam = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumPnameToTextureSwizzleParam(pname);
            auto swizzleValue = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureSwizzleParam((GLenum)param);
-            if (swizzleValue == TextureSwizzleParam::Unknown) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__, "Invalid texture swizzle value."));
-                return;
-            }
            textureObject->SetSwizzleParam(swizzleParam, swizzleValue);
            break;
        }
@@ -1457,7 +1136,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        TextureTarget textureTarget = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureTarget(target);

        // ======================= Processing ================================
-        auto& textureObject = GetTextureObjectByTargetForParameter(textureUploadTarget, textureTarget);
+        auto& textureObject = GetTextureObjectByTarget(textureUploadTarget, textureTarget);
        if (!textureObject) return;

        TextureParameterObject_State(textureObject, pname, param, __func__);
@@ -1473,7 +1152,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            TextureTarget textureTarget = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureTarget(target);

            // ======================= Processing ================================
-            auto& textureObject = GetTextureObjectByTargetForParameter(textureUploadTarget, textureTarget);
+            auto& textureObject = GetTextureObjectByTarget(textureUploadTarget, textureTarget);
            if (!textureObject) return;
            SetTextureBorderColorFromFloats(textureObject, params);
            break;
@@ -1481,7 +1160,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        case GL_TEXTURE_SWIZZLE_RGBA: {
            TextureUploadTarget textureUploadTarget = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureUploadTarget(target);
            TextureTarget textureTarget = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureTarget(target);
-            auto& textureObject = GetTextureObjectByTargetForParameter(textureUploadTarget, textureTarget);
+            auto& textureObject = GetTextureObjectByTarget(textureUploadTarget, textureTarget);
            if (!textureObject) return;
            GLint signedParams[4] = {static_cast<GLint>(params[0]), static_cast<GLint>(params[1]),
                                     static_cast<GLint>(params[2]), static_cast<GLint>(params[3])};
@@ -1504,7 +1183,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            TextureTarget textureTarget = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureTarget(target);

            // ======================= Processing ================================
-            auto& textureObject = GetTextureObjectByTargetForParameter(textureUploadTarget, textureTarget);
+            auto& textureObject = GetTextureObjectByTarget(textureUploadTarget, textureTarget);
            if (!textureObject) return;
            SetTextureBorderColorFromInts(textureObject, params);
            break;
@@ -1512,7 +1191,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        case GL_TEXTURE_SWIZZLE_RGBA: {
            TextureUploadTarget textureUploadTarget = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureUploadTarget(target);
            TextureTarget textureTarget = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureTarget(target);
-            auto& textureObject = GetTextureObjectByTargetForParameter(textureUploadTarget, textureTarget);
+            auto& textureObject = GetTextureObjectByTarget(textureUploadTarget, textureTarget);
            if (!textureObject) return;
            if (!SetTextureSwizzleParamsFromInts(textureObject, params, __func__)) {
                return;
@@ -1530,7 +1209,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        case GL_TEXTURE_BORDER_COLOR: {
            TextureUploadTarget textureUploadTarget = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureUploadTarget(target);
            TextureTarget textureTarget = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureTarget(target);
-            auto& textureObject = GetTextureObjectByTargetForParameter(textureUploadTarget, textureTarget);
+            auto& textureObject = GetTextureObjectByTarget(textureUploadTarget, textureTarget);
            if (!textureObject) return;
            SetTextureBorderColorFromIntegerInts(textureObject, params);
            break;
@@ -1538,7 +1217,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        case GL_TEXTURE_SWIZZLE_RGBA: {
            TextureUploadTarget textureUploadTarget = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureUploadTarget(target);
            TextureTarget textureTarget = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureTarget(target);
-            auto& textureObject = GetTextureObjectByTargetForParameter(textureUploadTarget, textureTarget);
+            auto& textureObject = GetTextureObjectByTarget(textureUploadTarget, textureTarget);
            if (!textureObject) return;
            GLint signedParams[4] = {static_cast<GLint>(params[0]), static_cast<GLint>(params[1]),
                                     static_cast<GLint>(params[2]), static_cast<GLint>(params[3])};
@@ -1558,7 +1237,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        case GL_TEXTURE_BORDER_COLOR: {
            TextureUploadTarget textureUploadTarget = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureUploadTarget(target);
            TextureTarget textureTarget = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureTarget(target);
-            auto& textureObject = GetTextureObjectByTargetForParameter(textureUploadTarget, textureTarget);
+            auto& textureObject = GetTextureObjectByTarget(textureUploadTarget, textureTarget);
            if (!textureObject) return;
            SetTextureBorderColorFromUnsignedInts(textureObject, params);
            break;
@@ -1569,7 +1248,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            TextureTarget textureTarget = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureTarget(target);

            // ======================= Processing ================================
-            auto& textureObject = GetTextureObjectByTargetForParameter(textureUploadTarget, textureTarget);
+            auto& textureObject = GetTextureObjectByTarget(textureUploadTarget, textureTarget);
            if (!textureObject) return;

            Vec4<TextureSwizzleParam> swizzleParams;
@@ -1620,8 +1299,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        auto& textureObject =
            isProxy ? TextureImpl::pProxyTextureManager->CreateOrReplaceProxyTextureObject(textureUploadTarget)
                    : bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();
-        // Name 0 resolves to the target's default texture object - a real texture this call
-        // (re)specifies like any other; the slot is never empty anymore.
        if (!TextureImpl::ValidateTextureObject(textureObject)) return;
        if (textureObject->GetStorageType() != TextureStorageType::Mipmap) {
            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
@@ -1663,8 +1340,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        auto& textureObject =
            isProxy ? TextureImpl::pProxyTextureManager->CreateOrReplaceProxyTextureObject(textureUploadTarget)
                    : bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();
-        // Name 0 resolves to the target's default texture object - a real texture this call
-        // (re)specifies like any other; the slot is never empty anymore.
        if (!TextureImpl::ValidateTextureObject(textureObject)) return;
        if (textureObject->GetStorageType() != TextureStorageType::Mipmap) {
            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
@@ -1724,21 +1399,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            return;
        }

-        // RGTC is a 2D-only compression scheme, so a 3D target rejects it. This has to be tested on
-        // the raw enum: the RGTC formats resolve to plain R8/RG8/SNORM storage on the way in (see
-        // GLToMG's TextureEnumConverter), so once the internal format is converted there is nothing
-        // left to distinguish them from an ordinary one- or two-channel upload.
-        if ((textureUploadTarget == TextureUploadTarget::Texture3D ||
-             textureUploadTarget == TextureUploadTarget::ProxyTexture3D) &&
-            (internalformat == GL_COMPRESSED_RED_RGTC1 || internalformat == GL_COMPRESSED_SIGNED_RED_RGTC1 ||
-             internalformat == GL_COMPRESSED_RG_RGTC2 || internalformat == GL_COMPRESSED_SIGNED_RG_RGTC2)) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__,
-                                             "RGTC compressed formats are invalid for 3D texture targets"));
-            return;
-        }
-
        // TODO: GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if a non-zero buffer object name is bound to the
        // GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER target and the buffer object's data store is currently mapped.
        // GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if a non-zero buffer object name is bound to the GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER
@@ -1748,8 +1408,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        // target and data is not evenly divisible into the number of bytes needed to store in memory a datum
        // indicated by type.
        // ======================= Processing ================================
-        textureInternalFormat =
-            MG_Util::ConvertInternalFormatToSized(textureInternalFormat, textureInputFormat, texturePixelDataType);
        auto& activeUnit = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTextureUnitObject(MG_State::pGLContext->GetActiveTextureUnit());
        auto& bindingSlot = activeUnit.GetBindingSlot(textureTarget);
        Bool isProxy = TextureImpl::IsProxyTextureTarget(textureUploadTarget);
@@ -1758,8 +1416,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
                    : bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();

        // ===================== Error Checking ==============================
-        // Name 0 resolves to the target's default texture object - a real texture this call
-        // (re)specifies like any other; the slot is never empty anymore.
        if (!TextureImpl::ValidateTextureObject(textureObject)) return;
        if (!ValidateTextureMutable(textureObject, __func__)) return;

@@ -1793,12 +1449,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        auto textureMipmapObject = static_cast<MG_State::GLState::TextureObjectMipmap*>(textureObject.get());

        // Allocate in TextureObject
-        if (isProxy) {
-            MGLOG_D("%s: isProxy = true, not allocating", __func__);
-        } else {
-            DiscardMipmapChainOnBaseRespecification(textureMipmapObject, textureUploadTarget, level);
-            textureMipmapObject->AllocateStorage(textureUploadTarget, level, {{width, height, depth}, internalBytes});
-        }
+        textureMipmapObject->AllocateStorage(textureUploadTarget, level, {{width, height, depth}, internalBytes});

        if (!originalPixels) {
            MGLOG_D("%s: No input pixel and no PBO bound, no pixel transfer", __func__);
@@ -1825,7 +1476,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        textureMipmapObject->MarkStorageDirty(textureUploadTarget, level, true);

        free(processedPixels);
-        MaybeAutoGenerateMipmap(target, textureObject, isProxy, level);
    }

    void TexImage2D_State(GLenum target, GLint level, GLint internalformat, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLint border,
@@ -1880,8 +1530,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
                    : bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();

        // ===================== Error Checking ==============================
-        // Name 0 resolves to the target's default texture object - a real texture this call
-        // (re)specifies like any other; the slot is never empty anymore.
        if (!TextureImpl::ValidateTextureObject(textureObject)) return;
        if (!ValidateTextureMutable(textureObject, __func__)) return;

@@ -1924,7 +1572,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            MGLOG_D("%s: isProxy = true, not allocating", __func__);
        } else {
            MGLOG_D("%s: Allocating %d bytes at mip %d", __func__, internalBytes, level);
-            DiscardMipmapChainOnBaseRespecification(textureMipmapObject, textureUploadTarget, level);
            textureMipmapObject->AllocateStorage(textureUploadTarget, level,
                                                 {{width, height, 1}, internalBytes});
        }
@@ -1987,8 +1634,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        auto& textureObject =
            isProxy ? TextureImpl::pProxyTextureManager->CreateOrReplaceProxyTextureObject(textureUploadTarget)
                    : bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();
-        // Name 0 resolves to the target's default texture object - a real texture this call
-        // (re)specifies like any other; the slot is never empty anymore.
        if (!TextureImpl::ValidateTextureObject(textureObject)) return;
        if (!ValidateTextureMutable(textureObject, __func__)) return;

@@ -2013,7 +1658,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
                        "Texture object here should always be an object with mipmap");
        auto textureMipmapObject = static_cast<MG_State::GLState::TextureObjectMipmap*>(textureObject.get());
        if (!isProxy) {
-            DiscardMipmapChainOnBaseRespecification(textureMipmapObject, textureUploadTarget, level);
            textureMipmapObject->AllocateStorage(textureUploadTarget, level, {{width, 1, 1}, internalBytes});
        }

@@ -2045,12 +1689,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        if (!TextureImpl::ValidateTextureUploadTarget(textureUploadTarget)) return;
        if (!TextureImpl::ValidateTextureInternalFormat(textureInternalFormat)) return;
        // TODO: make sure `internalformat` is in one of supported format for TexBuffer
-        // GL 3.3 core 3.8.5: buffer zero detaches any buffer from the buffer texture - only a
-        // nonzero name that is not an existing buffer object is an error. This is reachable on
-        // the default buffer texture (bound whenever texture 0 is bound to GL_TEXTURE_BUFFER),
-        // which the GL CTS state reset detaches with glTexBuffer(..., 0) after every case.
        auto& bufferObject = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBufferObject(buffer);
-        if (buffer != 0 && !bufferObject) {
+        if (!bufferObject) {
            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__,
@@ -2064,8 +1704,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        auto& textureObject = bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();

        // ===================== Error Checking ==============================
-        // Name 0 is the default buffer texture - a real object the (de)attach operates on, not a
-        // silent no-op; the slot is never empty now that every unit/target holds its default.
        if (!TextureImpl::ValidateTextureObject(textureObject)) return;
        if (textureObject->GetStorageType() != TextureStorageType::Buffer) {
            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
@@ -2086,9 +1724,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {

    GLboolean IsTexture_State(GLuint texture) {
        // ======================= Processing ================================
-        // GL 3.3 core 6.1.4: IsTexture generates no error - an unknown, deleted or merely reserved
-        // name is just GL_FALSE. Probing with the recording validator (as every other Is* entry
-        // point already avoids doing) would leave a spurious INVALID_VALUE behind.
+        if (!TextureImpl::ValidateTextureName(texture, true)) return GL_FALSE;
        return MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateTextureObject(texture) ? GL_TRUE : GL_FALSE;
    }

@@ -2666,13 +2302,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
    }

    void GetCompressedTexImage_State(GLenum target, GLint level, void* img) {
-        // TODO: implement compressed readback. Reporting success while writing nothing hands
-        // the caller stale memory with GL_NO_ERROR; no texture can be compressed yet, and GL
-        // specifies GL_INVALID_OPERATION when the bound level is not compressed.
-        MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-            ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-            MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__,
-                                         "Texture level is not stored in a compressed format."));
+        // TODO: implement
    }

    void GenTextures_State(GLsizei n, GLuint* textures) {
@@ -2820,22 +2450,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
                                         "The attachment specified by the read buffer is incomplete."));               \
        return false;                                                                                                  \
    }
-        if (isDepth && isStencil) {
-            // A combined internalformat copies both halves, so the read framebuffer
-            // must populate both attachment points.
-            const auto& stencilAttachment = currentReadFBO->GetAttachment(FramebufferAttachmentType::Stencil);
-            const auto& depthAttachment = currentReadFBO->GetAttachment(FramebufferAttachmentType::Depth);
-            if (!depthAttachment.IsValid() || depthAttachment.IsEmpty() || !stencilAttachment.IsValid() ||
-                stencilAttachment.IsEmpty()) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
-                        "MG_Impl/GLImpl", "CopyTexImage2D_State",
-                        "DEPTH_STENCIL copy requires both depth and stencil attachments in the read framebuffer."));
-                return false;
-            }
-            GET_SRC_INTERNAL_FORMAT(FramebufferAttachmentType::Depth);
-        } else if (isDepth) {
+        if (isDepth) {
            GET_SRC_INTERNAL_FORMAT(FramebufferAttachmentType::Depth);
        } else if (isStencil) {
            GET_SRC_INTERNAL_FORMAT(FramebufferAttachmentType::Stencil);
@@ -2874,20 +2489,20 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
    void CompressedTexSubImage3D_State(GLenum target, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLint zoffset,
                                       GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLsizei depth, GLenum format, GLsizei imageSize,
                                       const void* data) {
-        // TODO: implement compressed upload - see CompressedTexImage2D_State.
-        RecordUnsupportedCompressedFormat(__func__);
+        // TODO: implement
+        THROW_UNIMPL_EXCEPTION;
    }

    void CompressedTexSubImage2D_State(GLenum target, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLsizei width,
                                       GLsizei height, GLenum format, GLsizei imageSize, const void* data) {
-        // TODO: implement compressed upload - see CompressedTexImage2D_State.
-        RecordUnsupportedCompressedFormat(__func__);
+        // TODO: implement
+        THROW_UNIMPL_EXCEPTION;
    }

    void CompressedTexSubImage1D_State(GLenum target, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLsizei width, GLenum format,
                                       GLsizei imageSize, const void* data) {
-        // TODO: implement compressed upload - see CompressedTexImage2D_State.
-        RecordUnsupportedCompressedFormat(__func__);
+        // TODO: implement
+        THROW_UNIMPL_EXCEPTION;
    }

    void CompressedTexImage3D_State(GLenum target, GLint level, GLenum internalformat, GLsizei width, GLsizei height,
@@ -2897,8 +2512,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        auto& textureObject = GetTextureObjectByTarget(textureUploadTarget, textureTarget);
        if (!ValidateTextureMutable(textureObject, __func__)) return;

-        // TODO: implement compressed upload - see CompressedTexImage2D_State.
-        RecordUnsupportedCompressedFormat(__func__);
+        // TODO: implement
+        THROW_UNIMPL_EXCEPTION;
    }

    void CompressedTexImage2D_State(GLenum target, GLint level, GLenum internalformat, GLsizei width, GLsizei height,
@@ -2908,11 +2523,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        auto& textureObject = GetTextureObjectByTarget(textureUploadTarget, textureTarget);
        if (!ValidateTextureMutable(textureObject, __func__)) return;

-        // TODO: implement compressed upload. Until then report the spec error for an
-        // unsupported compressed format rather than throwing - a C++ exception unwinding
-        // through the C GL ABI is a hard crash for the caller, while GL_INVALID_ENUM is
-        // exactly what GL_NUM_COMPRESSED_TEXTURE_FORMATS == 0 promises.
-        RecordUnsupportedCompressedFormat(__func__);
+        // TODO: implement
+        THROW_UNIMPL_EXCEPTION;
    }

    void CompressedTexImage1D_State(GLenum target, GLint level, GLenum internalformat, GLsizei width, GLint border,
@@ -2922,8 +2534,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        auto& textureObject = GetTextureObjectByTarget(textureUploadTarget, textureTarget);
        if (!ValidateTextureMutable(textureObject, __func__)) return;

-        // TODO: implement compressed upload - see CompressedTexImage2D_State.
-        RecordUnsupportedCompressedFormat(__func__);
+        // TODO: implement
+        THROW_UNIMPL_EXCEPTION;
    }

    void BindTexture_State(GLenum target, GLuint texture) {
@@ -2935,13 +2547,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        // ===================== Error Checking ==============================
        if (!TextureImpl::ValidateTextureTarget(textureTarget)) return;

-        // GL 3.3 core 3.8: name 0 is the target's default texture object - a real texture that
-        // glTexImage*/glTexParameter*/glGetTex* must operate on - not "nothing bound". Binding it
-        // restores the unit/target slot to its initial state.
+        // Name 0 unbinds the current target from the active texture unit.
        if (texture == 0) {
            auto& currentUnit = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTextureUnitObject(activeUnit);
            auto& bindingSlot = currentUnit.GetBindingSlot(textureTarget);
-            bindingSlot.Bind(MG_State::pGLContext->GetDefaultTextureObject(textureTarget));
+            bindingSlot.Bind(nullptr);
            MG_State::pGLContext->NoteTextureUnitTouched(activeUnit);
            return;
        }
@@ -2953,15 +2563,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            return;
        }

-        // GL 3.3 core 3.8.1: a name that GenTextures never returned - or that has since been deleted -
-        // is not a legal bind target in the core profile (no application-generated names), and the error
-        // is INVALID_OPERATION, not INVALID_VALUE.
-        if (!MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateTextureName(texture)) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "BindTexture_State", "Invalid texture name"));
-            return;
-        }
+        if (!TextureImpl::ValidateTextureName(texture)) return;

        // ======================= Processing ================================
        Bool doesTextureExist = MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateTextureObject(texture);
@@ -2982,25 +2584,14 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {

    void ActiveTexture_State(GLenum texture) {
        // ===================== Error Checking ==============================
-        // GL 3.3 core 3.8: the valid range is [GL_TEXTURE0, GL_TEXTURE0 +
-        // GL_MAX_COMBINED_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS) - NOT a fixed 0..31 range. GL CTS's per-case
-        // state reset iterates every advertised combined unit, so rejecting units the
-        // implementation itself reports would leave a sticky GL_INVALID_ENUM behind and abort
-        // whole test batches. The backend already clamps its advertised value to the state
-        // layer's MAX_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS capacity.
-        Int maxCombinedUnits = static_cast<Int>(MG_State::GLState::TextureState::MAX_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS);
-        if (MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject) {
-            maxCombinedUnits = std::min(
-                maxCombinedUnits, MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject->GetDynamicParameters().MaxCombinedTextureImageUnits);
-        }
-        if (texture < GL_TEXTURE0 || static_cast<Int>(texture - GL_TEXTURE0) >= maxCombinedUnits) {
+        if (texture < GL_TEXTURE0 || texture > GL_TEXTURE31) {
            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
                    "MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ActiveTexture_State",
-                    std::format("Texture must be one of GL_TEXTUREi, where i is in the range 0 to {}, but got "
+                    std::format("Texture must be one of GL_TEXTUREi, where i is in the range 0 to 31, but got "
                                "invalid enum: 0x{:X}, which may stand for unit {}.",
-                                maxCombinedUnits - 1, texture, texture - GL_TEXTURE0)));
+                                texture, texture - GL_TEXTURE0)));
            return;
        }

@@ -3269,9 +2860,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            textureMipmapObject->AllocateStorage(textureUploadTarget, level, {{levelWidth, 1, 1}, byteSize});
            textureMipmapObject->MarkStorageDirty(textureUploadTarget, level, false);
        }
-        // Immutable storage defines exactly `levels` levels; AllocateStorage only grows, so a
-        // longer pre-existing chain has to be dropped explicitly.
-        textureMipmapObject->TruncateMipmapLevels(textureUploadTarget, static_cast<Uint>(levels));
        textureObject->SetImmutableLevels(static_cast<Uint>(levels));
    }

@@ -3324,8 +2912,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            textureMipmapObject->AllocateStorage(textureUploadTarget, level, {{levelWidth, levelHeight, 1}, byteSize});
            textureMipmapObject->MarkStorageDirty(textureUploadTarget, level, false);
        }
-        // See TextureStorage1D.
-        textureMipmapObject->TruncateMipmapLevels(textureUploadTarget, static_cast<Uint>(levels));
        textureObject->SetImmutableLevels(static_cast<Uint>(levels));
    }

@@ -3365,21 +2951,16 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        auto* textureMipmapObject = static_cast<MG_State::GLState::TextureObjectMipmap*>(textureObject.get());

        textureObject->SetInternalFormat(textureInternalFormat);
-        // Array targets keep their layer count constant across levels; only true 3D
-        // textures halve depth per level (GL 3.3 §3.9 glTexStorage3D).
-        const Bool depthMips = DepthParticipatesInMipmapping(textureObject->GetTarget());
        for (GLsizei level = 0; level < levels; ++level) {
            const GLsizei levelWidth = std::max<GLsizei>(1, width >> level);
            const GLsizei levelHeight = std::max<GLsizei>(1, height >> level);
-            const GLsizei levelDepth = depthMips ? std::max<GLsizei>(1, depth >> level) : depth;
+            const GLsizei levelDepth = std::max<GLsizei>(1, depth >> level);
            const SizeT byteSize = ComputeTextureStorageByteSize(textureInternalFormat, levelWidth, levelHeight,
                                                                 levelDepth);
            textureMipmapObject->AllocateStorage(textureUploadTarget, level,
                                                 {{levelWidth, levelHeight, levelDepth}, byteSize});
            textureMipmapObject->MarkStorageDirty(textureUploadTarget, level, false);
        }
-        // See TextureStorage1D.
-        textureMipmapObject->TruncateMipmapLevels(textureUploadTarget, static_cast<Uint>(levels));
        textureObject->SetImmutableLevels(static_cast<Uint>(levels));
    }

@@ -3409,7 +2990,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        auto& bindingSlot = activeUnit.GetBindingSlot(textureTarget);
        auto& textureObject = bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();
        if (!TextureImpl::ValidateTextureObject(textureObject)) return;
-        if (!TextureImpl::ValidateTextureNotDefault(textureObject, __func__)) return;

        TextureStorage1D(textureObject->GetExternalIndex(), levels, internalformat, width);
    }
@@ -3424,7 +3004,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        auto& bindingSlot = activeUnit.GetBindingSlot(textureTarget);
        auto& textureObject = bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();
        if (!TextureImpl::ValidateTextureObject(textureObject)) return;
-        if (!TextureImpl::ValidateTextureNotDefault(textureObject, __func__)) return;

        TextureStorage2D(textureObject->GetExternalIndex(), levels, internalformat, width, height);
    }
@@ -3440,7 +3019,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        auto& bindingSlot = activeUnit.GetBindingSlot(textureTarget);
        auto& textureObject = bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();
        if (!TextureImpl::ValidateTextureObject(textureObject)) return;
-        if (!TextureImpl::ValidateTextureNotDefault(textureObject, __func__)) return;

        TextureStorage3D(textureObject->GetExternalIndex(), levels, internalformat, width, height, depth);
    }
@@ -3596,10 +3174,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        auto& textureUnit = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTextureUnitObject(static_cast<Int>(unit));
        MG_State::pGLContext->NoteTextureUnitTouched(static_cast<Int>(unit));
        if (texture == 0) {
-            // GL 4.5 8.1: texture zero unbinds every target of the unit, i.e. rebinds each
-            // target's default texture object (the unit's initial state).
            for (auto& slot : textureUnit.GetAllBindingSlots()) {
-                slot.Bind(MG_State::pGLContext->GetDefaultTextureObject(slot.GetTarget()));
+                slot.Bind(nullptr);
            }
            return;
        }
@@ -4138,27 +3714,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        CopyTexSubImage2D_Backend(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, x, y, width, height);
    }

-    void CopyTextureSubImage2D(GLuint texture, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLint x, GLint y,
-                               GLsizei width, GLsizei height) {
-        auto textureObject = GetTextureObjectByName(texture, __func__);
-        if (!textureObject) return;
-        // GL 4.6 sec. 8.8: the 2D form only accepts these effective targets; cube maps must
-        // go through CopyTextureSubImage3D with the face as a layer.
-        const auto target = textureObject->GetTarget();
-        if (target != TextureTarget::Texture2D && target != TextureTarget::Texture1DArray &&
-            target != TextureTarget::TextureRectangle) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__,
-                                             "CopyTextureSubImage2D requires a 2D, 1D-array, or "
-                                             "rectangle texture."));
-            return;
-        }
-        WithTemporarilyBoundNamedTexture(textureObject, [&](GLenum glTarget) {
-            CopyTexSubImage2D_Backend(glTarget, level, xoffset, yoffset, x, y, width, height);
-        });
-    }
-
    void CopyTexSubImage1D(GLenum target, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width) {
        CopyTexSubImage1D_State(target, level, xoffset, x, y, width);
    }
@@ -11,9 +11,6 @@

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
    /* @INSERTION_POINT:FUNCTION_DECLARATION@ */
-    void ClearTexImage(GLuint texture, GLint level, GLenum format, GLenum type, const void* data);
-    void ClearTexSubImage(GLuint texture, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLint zoffset, GLsizei width,
-                          GLsizei height, GLsizei depth, GLenum format, GLenum type, const void* data);
    void BindImageTexture(GLuint unit, GLuint texture, GLint level, GLboolean layered, GLint layer, GLenum access,
                          GLenum format);
    void GenerateMipmap(GLenum target);
@@ -98,8 +95,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
                           GLsizei width, GLsizei height);
    void CopyTexSubImage2D(GLenum target, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width,
                           GLsizei height);
-    void CopyTextureSubImage2D(GLuint texture, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLint x, GLint y,
-                               GLsizei width, GLsizei height);
    void CopyTexSubImage1D(GLenum target, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width);
    void CopyTexImage2D(GLenum target, GLint level, GLenum internalformat, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width,
                        GLsizei height, GLint border);
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
 #include <MG_State/GLState/TextureState/TextureObjectStubs.h>

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::TextureImpl {
-    // Leak-at-exit storage; see GlobalObjects.cpp.
-    UniquePtr<ProxyTextureManager>& pProxyTextureManager = *new UniquePtr<ProxyTextureManager>();
+    UniquePtr<ProxyTextureManager> pProxyTextureManager;

    Bool IsProxyTextureTarget(TextureUploadTarget target) {
        switch (target) {
@@ -23,5 +23,5 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::TextureImpl {
        UnorderedMap<TextureUploadTarget, SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>> m_proxyTexturesMap;
    };

-    extern UniquePtr<ProxyTextureManager>& pProxyTextureManager;
+    extern UniquePtr<ProxyTextureManager> pProxyTextureManager;
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::TextureImpl
@@ -175,15 +175,13 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::TextureImpl {
        return true;
    }

-    Bool IsIntegerColorInputFormat(TextureInputFormat format) {
+    static Bool IsIntegerColorInputFormat(TextureInputFormat format) {
        return format == TextureInputFormat::RInteger || format == TextureInputFormat::RGInteger ||
               format == TextureInputFormat::RGBInteger || format == TextureInputFormat::BGRInteger ||
-               format == TextureInputFormat::RGBAInteger || format == TextureInputFormat::BGRAInteger ||
-               format == TextureInputFormat::GreenInteger || format == TextureInputFormat::BlueInteger ||
-               format == TextureInputFormat::AlphaInteger;
+               format == TextureInputFormat::RGBAInteger || format == TextureInputFormat::BGRAInteger;
    }

-    Bool IsIntegerColorInternalFormat(TextureInternalFormat internalFormat) {
+    static Bool IsIntegerColorInternalFormat(TextureInternalFormat internalFormat) {
        switch (internalFormat) {
            case TextureInternalFormat::R8I:
            case TextureInternalFormat::R8UI:
@@ -237,15 +235,17 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::TextureImpl {
               format == TextureInputFormat::StencilIndex;
    }

-    // Client-memory format<->type pairing rules shared by pixel uploads (TexImage*) and readbacks
-    // (ReadPixels, GetTexImage). Mirrors the desktop-GL validity matrix used by GL CTS packed_pixels
-    // (glcPackedPixelsTests isFormatValid): packed types constrain the formats they may pair with, and
-    // integer formats reject floating-point types; violations raise GL_INVALID_OPERATION.
-    Bool ValidateClientFormatTypePairing(TextureInputFormat format, TexturePixelDataType type) {
+    // Mirrors the desktop-GL validity matrix used by GL CTS packed_pixels (glcPackedPixelsTests
+    // isFormatValid, INPUT_TEXIMAGE): packed-type/format pairing, depth-vs-color mismatch, and
+    // integer-ness matching all raise GL_INVALID_OPERATION instead of reaching the upload path.
+    Bool ValidateTextureInternalFormatCompatibleWithInput(TextureInputFormat format,
+                                                          TextureInternalFormat internalFormat,
+                                                          TexturePixelDataType type) {
        const auto recordInvalidOperation = [](const char* message) {
            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateClientFormatTypePairing", message));
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureInternalFormatCompatibleWithInput",
+                                             message));
            return false;
        };

@@ -288,27 +288,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::TextureImpl {
            return recordInvalidOperation("Integer format cannot be used with a floating-point type");
        }

-        return true;
-    }
-
-    // Mirrors the desktop-GL validity matrix used by GL CTS packed_pixels (glcPackedPixelsTests
-    // isFormatValid, INPUT_TEXIMAGE): packed-type/format pairing, depth-vs-color mismatch, and
-    // integer-ness matching all raise GL_INVALID_OPERATION instead of reaching the upload path.
-    Bool ValidateTextureInternalFormatCompatibleWithInput(TextureInputFormat format,
-                                                          TextureInternalFormat internalFormat,
-                                                          TexturePixelDataType type) {
-        const auto recordInvalidOperation = [](const char* message) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureInternalFormatCompatibleWithInput",
-                                             message));
-            return false;
-        };
-
-        if (!ValidateClientFormatTypePairing(format, type)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
        // TexImage in core 3.3 has no stencil-only upload path (that arrived with GL 4.4).
        if (format == TextureInputFormat::StencilIndex) {
            return recordInvalidOperation("STENCIL_INDEX is not a valid texture upload format");
@@ -360,19 +339,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::TextureImpl {
        return true;
    }

-    Bool ValidateTextureNotDefault(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& textureObject,
-                                   const char* caller) {
-        if (textureObject && textureObject->GetExternalIndex() == 0) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", caller,
-                                             "This operation is not allowed on the default texture (zero is "
-                                             "bound to the target)."));
-            return false;
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
    Bool ValidateTextureTargetUniformity(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> textureObject,
                                         TextureTarget target) {
        if (!textureObject) return true; // should be created later
@@ -23,19 +23,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::TextureImpl {
    Bool ValidateTextureSizeRange(Int width, Int height, Int depth);
    Bool ValidateTextureInternalFormat(TextureInternalFormat format);
    Bool ValidateTextureBorderNumber(Int border);
-    Bool IsIntegerColorInputFormat(TextureInputFormat format);
-    Bool IsIntegerColorInternalFormat(TextureInternalFormat internalFormat);
-    Bool ValidateClientFormatTypePairing(TextureInputFormat format, TexturePixelDataType type);
    Bool ValidateTextureInternalFormatCompatibleWithInput(TextureInputFormat format,
                                                          TextureInternalFormat internalFormat,
                                                          TexturePixelDataType type);
    Bool ValidateTextureLevelWithUploadTarget(TextureUploadTarget target, Int level);
    Bool ValidateTextureObject(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> textureObject);
-    // Rejects the per-target default texture objects (name 0) with GL_INVALID_OPERATION for entry
-    // points that require a GenTextures-created texture, e.g. TexStorage* ("An INVALID_OPERATION
-    // error is generated if zero is bound to target", ARB_texture_storage).
-    Bool ValidateTextureNotDefault(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& textureObject,
-                                   const char* caller);
    Bool ValidateTextureTargetUniformity(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> textureObject,
                                         TextureTarget target);
    Bool ValidateTextureSubImageOffsets(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> textureObject, Int xoffset,
@@ -78,12 +78,15 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
        }

        static bool ValidateCurrentVertexAttribIndex(GLuint index, const char* funcName) {
-            // GL 3.3 core 2.7: VertexAttrib* sets the current value of ANY generic attribute,
-            // including index 0 - only an out-of-range index is an error (INVALID_VALUE).
-            // "Attribute 0 is immutable" was legacy immediate-mode lore; rejecting it broke GL
-            // CTS's per-case state reset, which writes vertexAttrib4f(0, 0,0,0,1) after every case.
-            static_cast<void>(funcName);
-            return VertexArrayImpl::ValidateVertexAttributeIndex(index);
+            if (!VertexArrayImpl::ValidateVertexAttributeIndex(index)) return false;
+            if (index == 0) {
+                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                    ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
+                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", funcName,
+                                                 "Generic vertex attribute 0 current value cannot be modified."));
+                return false;
+            }
+            return true;
        }

        static bool TryGetVertexAttribute(GLuint index, const MG_State::GLState::VertexAttribute** outAttr) {
@@ -285,9 +288,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
            GLuint vao = arrays[i];
            if (vao == 0) continue;

-            // GL 3.3 core 2.10: unknown names are silently ignored on delete; the shared bind-path
-            // validator would record INVALID_OPERATION instead.
-            if (!MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateVertexArrayName(vao)) continue;
+            if (!VertexArrayImpl::ValidateVertexArrayName(vao)) continue;

            if (MG_State::pGLContext->GetBoundVertexArray() &&
                MG_State::pGLContext->GetBoundVertexArray() == MG_State::pGLContext->GetVertexArrayObject(vao)) {
@@ -85,8 +85,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl {
        GETPROC(CGLGetPixelFormat, name);
        GETPROC(CGLSetCurrentContext, name);
        GETPROC(CGLGetCurrentContext, name);
-        GETPROC(CGLSetVirtualScreen, name);
-        GETPROC(CGLGetVirtualScreen, name);
        GETPROC(CGLSetParameter, name);
        GETPROC(CGLGetParameter, name);
        GETPROC(CGLUpdateContext, name);
@@ -29,19 +29,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::NSOpenGLImpl {
        char kContextViewKey;
        char kContextLayerKey;

+        std::once_flag g_installOnce;
        IMP g_pixelFormatDealloc = nullptr;
        IMP g_contextDealloc = nullptr;

-        std::mutex& HookInstallMutex() {
-            static auto* mutex = new std::mutex();
-            return *mutex;
-        }
-
-        Bool& HooksInstalled() {
-            static auto* installed = new Bool(false);
-            return *installed;
-        }
-
        template <typename Fn>
        Fn ObjcMsgSend() {
            return reinterpret_cast<Fn>(objc_msgSend);
@@ -440,12 +431,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::NSOpenGLImpl {
            method_setImplementation(method, replacement);
        }

-        Bool InstallHooksOnce() {
+        void InstallHooksOnce() {
            Class pixelFormatClass = objc_getClass("NSOpenGLPixelFormat");
            Class contextClass = objc_getClass("NSOpenGLContext");
            if (!pixelFormatClass || !contextClass) {
                MGLOG_W("NSOpenGLImpl: NSOpenGL classes are not loaded; hooks not installed");
-                return false;
+                return;
            }

            ReplaceInstanceMethod(pixelFormatClass, "initWithAttributes:",
@@ -480,34 +471,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::NSOpenGLImpl {
            ReplaceInstanceMethod(contextClass, "dealloc", reinterpret_cast<IMP>(ContextDealloc), &g_contextDealloc);

            MGLOG_I("NSOpenGLImpl hooks installed");
-            return true;
        }
    } // namespace

    void InstallHooks() {
-        const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(HookInstallMutex());
-        if (!HooksInstalled()) {
-            // Do not permanently consume the install attempt when the OpenGL
-            // framework has not registered its Objective-C classes yet. The
-            // dyld bootstrap normally runs after framework dependencies, but
-            // an explicitly loaded/static-linked MobileGL can arrive earlier.
-            HooksInstalled() = InstallHooksOnce();
-        }
+        std::call_once(g_installOnce, InstallHooksOnce);
    }
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::NSOpenGLImpl
-
-namespace {
-    // SDL's Cocoa backend creates NSOpenGLPixelFormat/NSOpenGLContext before
-    // its first dlsym("glGetString") or other MobileGL host-API call. Install
-    // only the lightweight Objective-C dispatch hooks while the injected dylib
-    // is loading so those first Cocoa objects are routed through CGLImpl. The
-    // hooked context constructor reaches EGLImpl::GetDisplay(), which performs
-    // the full, thread-safe MobileGL initialization outside this bootstrap.
-    //
-    // There is intentionally no matching destructor: backend teardown remains
-    // owned by the EGL lifecycle and process-exit globals remain leak-at-exit.
-    __attribute__((constructor)) void BootstrapNSOpenGLHooks() {
-        MobileGL::MG_Impl::NSOpenGLImpl::InstallHooks();
-    }
-} // namespace
 #endif
@@ -1,156 +0,0 @@
-// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Impl/WGLImpl/Exporting/Definitions.cpp
-// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
-// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
-//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
-//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
-// End of Source File Header
-
-// wingdi.h declares most wgl* entry points as WINGDIAPI (__declspec(dllimport)),
-// which would reject our definitions. _GDI32_ is the SDK's "I am the module that
-// implements these" switch: it turns WINGDIAPI into a plain declaration. It must
-// be defined before the first windows.h inclusion in this translation unit.
-#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_GDI32_)
-#define _GDI32_ 1
-#endif
-
-#include <Includes.h>
-
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-#include "../WGLImpl.h"
-
-namespace WGL = MobileGL::MG_Impl::WGLImpl;
-
-// ---- Pixel-format entry points (gdi32 forwards ChoosePixelFormat/SetPixelFormat/
-// ---- DescribePixelFormat/GetPixelFormat/SwapBuffers into these exports) ----
-
-extern "C" int WINAPI wglChoosePixelFormat(HDC hdc, CONST PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR* ppfd) {
-    return WGL::ChoosePixelFormat(hdc, ppfd);
-}
-
-extern "C" int WINAPI wglDescribePixelFormat(HDC hdc, int iPixelFormat, UINT nBytes,
-                                                   LPPIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR ppfd) {
-    return WGL::DescribePixelFormat(hdc, iPixelFormat, nBytes, ppfd);
-}
-
-extern "C" int WINAPI wglGetPixelFormat(HDC hdc) {
-    return WGL::GetPixelFormat(hdc);
-}
-
-extern "C" BOOL WINAPI wglSetPixelFormat(HDC hdc, int iPixelFormat, CONST PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR* ppfd) {
-    return WGL::SetPixelFormat(hdc, iPixelFormat, ppfd);
-}
-
-extern "C" BOOL WINAPI wglSwapBuffers(HDC hdc) {
-    return WGL::SwapBuffers(hdc);
-}
-
-// ---- Context management ----
-
-extern "C" HGLRC WINAPI wglCreateContext(HDC hdc) {
-    return WGL::CreateContext(hdc);
-}
-
-extern "C" HGLRC WINAPI wglCreateLayerContext(HDC hdc, int iLayerPlane) {
-    return iLayerPlane == 0 ? WGL::CreateContext(hdc) : nullptr;
-}
-
-extern "C" BOOL WINAPI wglCopyContext(HGLRC, HGLRC, UINT) {
-    MGLOG_W("wglCopyContext is not supported");
-    SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED);
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-extern "C" BOOL WINAPI wglDeleteContext(HGLRC hglrc) {
-    return WGL::DeleteContext(hglrc);
-}
-
-extern "C" HGLRC WINAPI wglGetCurrentContext(VOID) {
-    return WGL::GetCurrentContext();
-}
-
-extern "C" HDC WINAPI wglGetCurrentDC(VOID) {
-    return WGL::GetCurrentDC();
-}
-
-extern "C" BOOL WINAPI wglMakeCurrent(HDC hdc, HGLRC hglrc) {
-    return WGL::MakeCurrent(hdc, hglrc);
-}
-
-extern "C" BOOL WINAPI wglShareLists(HGLRC hglrcShare, HGLRC hglrcDest) {
-    return WGL::ShareLists(hglrcShare, hglrcDest);
-}
-
-// ---- Proc address ----
-
-extern "C" PROC WINAPI wglGetProcAddress(LPCSTR lpszProc) {
-    return WGL::GetProcAddress(lpszProc);
-}
-
-extern "C" PROC WINAPI wglGetDefaultProcAddress(LPCSTR lpszProc) {
-    return WGL::GetProcAddress(lpszProc);
-}
-
-// ---- Layer planes and palettes (unsupported; overlay planes do not exist here) ----
-
-extern "C" BOOL WINAPI wglDescribeLayerPlane(HDC, int, int, UINT, LPLAYERPLANEDESCRIPTOR) {
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-extern "C" int WINAPI wglSetLayerPaletteEntries(HDC, int, int, int, CONST COLORREF*) {
-    return 0;
-}
-
-extern "C" int WINAPI wglGetLayerPaletteEntries(HDC, int, int, int, COLORREF*) {
-    return 0;
-}
-
-extern "C" BOOL WINAPI wglRealizeLayerPalette(HDC, int, BOOL) {
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-extern "C" BOOL WINAPI wglSwapLayerBuffers(HDC hdc, UINT fuPlanes) {
-    if (fuPlanes & WGL_SWAP_MAIN_PLANE) {
-        return WGL::SwapBuffers(hdc);
-    }
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-extern "C" DWORD WINAPI wglSwapMultipleBuffers(UINT n, CONST WGLSWAP* ps) {
-    if (!ps) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-    DWORD swapped = 0;
-    for (UINT i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        if (WGL::SwapBuffers(ps[i].hdc)) {
-            ++swapped;
-        }
-    }
-    return swapped;
-}
-
-// ---- Font rendering (legacy immediate-mode feature; not supported) ----
-
-extern "C" BOOL WINAPI wglUseFontBitmapsA(HDC, DWORD, DWORD, DWORD) {
-    MGLOG_W("wglUseFontBitmapsA is not supported");
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-extern "C" BOOL WINAPI wglUseFontBitmapsW(HDC, DWORD, DWORD, DWORD) {
-    MGLOG_W("wglUseFontBitmapsW is not supported");
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-extern "C" BOOL WINAPI wglUseFontOutlinesA(HDC, DWORD, DWORD, DWORD, FLOAT, FLOAT, int,
-                                                 LPGLYPHMETRICSFLOAT) {
-    MGLOG_W("wglUseFontOutlinesA is not supported");
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-extern "C" BOOL WINAPI wglUseFontOutlinesW(HDC, DWORD, DWORD, DWORD, FLOAT, FLOAT, int,
-                                                 LPGLYPHMETRICSFLOAT) {
-    MGLOG_W("wglUseFontOutlinesW is not supported");
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-#endif // _WIN32
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-; MobileGL WGL exports. The wgl* entry points are defined without
-; __declspec(dllexport) because wingdi.h pre-declares them (with _GDI32_ they
-; become plain declarations, and MSVC rejects adding dllexport afterwards),
-; so this .def file is what actually exports them from the DLL.
-EXPORTS
-    wglChoosePixelFormat
-    wglCopyContext
-    wglCreateContext
-    wglCreateLayerContext
-    wglDeleteContext
-    wglDescribeLayerPlane
-    wglDescribePixelFormat
-    wglGetCurrentContext
-    wglGetCurrentDC
-    wglGetDefaultProcAddress
-    wglGetLayerPaletteEntries
-    wglGetPixelFormat
-    wglGetProcAddress
-    wglMakeCurrent
-    wglRealizeLayerPalette
-    wglSetLayerPaletteEntries
-    wglSetPixelFormat
-    wglShareLists
-    wglSwapBuffers
-    wglSwapLayerBuffers
-    wglSwapMultipleBuffers
-    wglUseFontBitmapsA
-    wglUseFontBitmapsW
-    wglUseFontOutlinesA
-    wglUseFontOutlinesW
@@ -1,732 +0,0 @@
-// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Impl/WGLImpl/WGLImpl.cpp
-// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
-// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
-//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
-//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
-// End of Source File Header
-
-#include "WGLImpl.h"
-
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-#include "../EGLImpl/EGLImpl.h"
-#include "../GetProcAddress.h"
-#include <Init.h>
-
-namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::WGLImpl {
-    namespace {
-        // WGL_ARB_pixel_format
-        constexpr int WGL_NUMBER_PIXEL_FORMATS_ARB = 0x2000;
-        constexpr int WGL_DRAW_TO_WINDOW_ARB = 0x2001;
-        constexpr int WGL_DRAW_TO_BITMAP_ARB = 0x2002;
-        constexpr int WGL_ACCELERATION_ARB = 0x2003;
-        constexpr int WGL_NEED_PALETTE_ARB = 0x2004;
-        constexpr int WGL_NEED_SYSTEM_PALETTE_ARB = 0x2005;
-        constexpr int WGL_SWAP_LAYER_BUFFERS_ARB = 0x2006;
-        constexpr int WGL_SWAP_METHOD_ARB = 0x2007;
-        constexpr int WGL_NUMBER_OVERLAYS_ARB = 0x2008;
-        constexpr int WGL_NUMBER_UNDERLAYS_ARB = 0x2009;
-        constexpr int WGL_TRANSPARENT_ARB = 0x200A;
-        constexpr int WGL_SHARE_DEPTH_ARB = 0x200C;
-        constexpr int WGL_SHARE_STENCIL_ARB = 0x200D;
-        constexpr int WGL_SHARE_ACCUM_ARB = 0x200E;
-        constexpr int WGL_SUPPORT_GDI_ARB = 0x200F;
-        constexpr int WGL_SUPPORT_OPENGL_ARB = 0x2010;
-        constexpr int WGL_DOUBLE_BUFFER_ARB = 0x2011;
-        constexpr int WGL_STEREO_ARB = 0x2012;
-        constexpr int WGL_PIXEL_TYPE_ARB = 0x2013;
-        constexpr int WGL_COLOR_BITS_ARB = 0x2014;
-        constexpr int WGL_RED_BITS_ARB = 0x2015;
-        constexpr int WGL_RED_SHIFT_ARB = 0x2016;
-        constexpr int WGL_GREEN_BITS_ARB = 0x2017;
-        constexpr int WGL_GREEN_SHIFT_ARB = 0x2018;
-        constexpr int WGL_BLUE_BITS_ARB = 0x2019;
-        constexpr int WGL_BLUE_SHIFT_ARB = 0x201A;
-        constexpr int WGL_ALPHA_BITS_ARB = 0x201B;
-        constexpr int WGL_ALPHA_SHIFT_ARB = 0x201C;
-        constexpr int WGL_ACCUM_BITS_ARB = 0x201D;
-        constexpr int WGL_ACCUM_RED_BITS_ARB = 0x201E;
-        constexpr int WGL_ACCUM_GREEN_BITS_ARB = 0x201F;
-        constexpr int WGL_ACCUM_BLUE_BITS_ARB = 0x2020;
-        constexpr int WGL_ACCUM_ALPHA_BITS_ARB = 0x2021;
-        constexpr int WGL_DEPTH_BITS_ARB = 0x2022;
-        constexpr int WGL_STENCIL_BITS_ARB = 0x2023;
-        constexpr int WGL_AUX_BUFFERS_ARB = 0x2024;
-        constexpr int WGL_NO_ACCELERATION_ARB = 0x2025;
-        constexpr int WGL_FULL_ACCELERATION_ARB = 0x2027;
-        constexpr int WGL_SWAP_EXCHANGE_ARB = 0x2028;
-        constexpr int WGL_TYPE_RGBA_ARB = 0x202B;
-        // WGL_ARB_multisample
-        constexpr int WGL_SAMPLE_BUFFERS_ARB = 0x2041;
-        constexpr int WGL_SAMPLES_ARB = 0x2042;
-        // WGL_ARB_create_context / _profile / _no_error
-        constexpr int WGL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION_ARB = 0x2091;
-        constexpr int WGL_CONTEXT_MINOR_VERSION_ARB = 0x2092;
-        constexpr int WGL_CONTEXT_LAYER_PLANE_ARB = 0x2093;
-        constexpr int WGL_CONTEXT_FLAGS_ARB = 0x2094;
-        constexpr int WGL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_MASK_ARB = 0x9126;
-        constexpr int WGL_CONTEXT_DEBUG_BIT_ARB = 0x0001;
-        constexpr int WGL_CONTEXT_FORWARD_COMPATIBLE_BIT_ARB = 0x0002;
-        constexpr int WGL_CONTEXT_CORE_PROFILE_BIT_ARB = 0x00000001;
-        constexpr int WGL_CONTEXT_COMPATIBILITY_PROFILE_BIT_ARB = 0x00000002;
-        constexpr int WGL_CONTEXT_OPENGL_NO_ERROR_ARB = 0x31B3;
-        constexpr DWORD ERROR_INVALID_VERSION_ARB = 0x2095;
-        constexpr DWORD ERROR_INVALID_PROFILE_ARB = 0x2096;
-
-        struct PixelFormatInfo {
-            GLint AlphaBits;
-            GLint DepthBits;
-            GLint StencilBits;
-        };
-
-        // Mirrors the two EGLState configs (RGBA8 + depth24, stencil 8 / stencil 0).
-        constexpr PixelFormatInfo kPixelFormats[] = {
-            {8, 24, 8},
-            {8, 24, 0},
-        };
-        constexpr int kPixelFormatCount = static_cast<int>(std::size(kPixelFormats));
-
-        struct ContextObject {
-            EGLDisplay Display = EGL_NO_DISPLAY;
-            EGLConfig Config = nullptr;
-            EGLContext Context = EGL_NO_CONTEXT;
-        };
-
-        struct WindowSurface {
-            EGLDisplay Display = EGL_NO_DISPLAY;
-            EGLSurface Surface = EGL_NO_SURFACE;
-            Uint32 Width = 0;
-            Uint32 Height = 0;
-        };
-
-        std::recursive_mutex& RegistryMutex() {
-            static auto* mutex = new std::recursive_mutex();
-            return *mutex;
-        }
-
-        UnorderedMap<HGLRC, ContextObject>& Contexts() {
-            static auto* contexts = new UnorderedMap<HGLRC, ContextObject>();
-            return *contexts;
-        }
-
-        UnorderedMap<HWND, WindowSurface>& WindowSurfaces() {
-            static auto* surfaces = new UnorderedMap<HWND, WindowSurface>();
-            return *surfaces;
-        }
-
-        UnorderedMap<HWND, int>& WindowPixelFormats() {
-            static auto* formats = new UnorderedMap<HWND, int>();
-            return *formats;
-        }
-
-        Uint64& NextContextHandle() {
-            static auto* handle = new Uint64(0x10000);
-            return *handle;
-        }
-
-        struct ThreadCurrent {
-            HDC DC = nullptr;
-            HGLRC Context = nullptr;
-        };
-        thread_local ThreadCurrent t_current;
-
-        Int& SwapIntervalShadow() {
-            static auto* interval = new Int(1);
-            return *interval;
-        }
-
-        void EnsureInitialized() {
-            // Initialize() loads backend libraries and glslang, which must not run
-            // under the loader lock; first WGL call is the earliest safe moment.
-            // MobileGL::EnsureInitialized (not a local once_flag) so a fresh init
-            // can follow a full teardown from the last eglTerminate.
-            MobileGL::EnsureInitialized();
-        }
-
-        EGLDisplay EnsureDisplay() {
-            EnsureInitialized();
-            EGLDisplay display = EGLImpl::GetDisplay(EGL_DEFAULT_DISPLAY);
-            if (display == EGL_NO_DISPLAY) {
-                return EGL_NO_DISPLAY;
-            }
-            if (!EGLImpl::Initialize(display, nullptr, nullptr)) {
-                return EGL_NO_DISPLAY;
-            }
-            return display;
-        }
-
-        HGLRC EncodeContext(Uint64 handle) {
-            return reinterpret_cast<HGLRC>(static_cast<SizeT>(handle));
-        }
-
-        ContextObject* TryGetContext(HGLRC hglrc) {
-            auto& contexts = Contexts();
-            auto it = contexts.find(hglrc);
-            return it == contexts.end() ? nullptr : &it->second;
-        }
-
-        const PixelFormatInfo& PixelFormatForWindow(HWND hwnd) {
-            auto& formats = WindowPixelFormats();
-            auto it = formats.find(hwnd);
-            int index = it == formats.end() ? 1 : it->second;
-            if (index < 1 || index > kPixelFormatCount) {
-                index = 1;
-            }
-            return kPixelFormats[index - 1];
-        }
-
-        Bool QueryClientSize(HWND hwnd, Uint32& width, Uint32& height) {
-            RECT rect{};
-            if (!GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect)) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            width = static_cast<Uint32>(std::max<LONG>(rect.right - rect.left, 1));
-            height = static_cast<Uint32>(std::max<LONG>(rect.bottom - rect.top, 1));
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        // The backends never query the HWND client size themselves; the WGL layer
-        // owns size discovery and pushes changes through the internal resize hook
-        // (same contract as the macOS CGL layer).
-        void SyncSurfaceSize(HWND hwnd, WindowSurface& surface) {
-            Uint32 width = 0;
-            Uint32 height = 0;
-            if (!QueryClientSize(hwnd, width, height)) {
-                return;
-            }
-            if (width == surface.Width && height == surface.Height) {
-                return;
-            }
-            if (EGLImpl::ResizePlatformWindowSurface(surface.Display, surface.Surface,
-                                                     static_cast<EGLint>(width), static_cast<EGLint>(height))) {
-                surface.Width = width;
-                surface.Height = height;
-            }
-        }
-
-        WindowSurface* EnsureWindowSurface(HWND hwnd, const ContextObject& context) {
-            auto& surfaces = WindowSurfaces();
-            auto it = surfaces.find(hwnd);
-            if (it != surfaces.end()) {
-                SyncSurfaceSize(hwnd, it->second);
-                return &it->second;
-            }
-
-            Uint32 width = 0;
-            Uint32 height = 0;
-            if (!QueryClientSize(hwnd, width, height)) {
-                MGLOG_E("wgl: GetClientRect failed for HWND %p", hwnd);
-                return nullptr;
-            }
-
-            const EGLAttrib attribs[] = {
-                EGL_WIDTH, static_cast<EGLAttrib>(width),
-                EGL_HEIGHT, static_cast<EGLAttrib>(height),
-                EGL_NONE,
-            };
-            EGLSurface surface =
-                EGLImpl::CreatePlatformWindowSurface(context.Display, context.Config, hwnd, attribs);
-            if (surface == EGL_NO_SURFACE) {
-                MGLOG_E("wgl: failed to create window surface for HWND %p (%ux%u)", hwnd, width, height);
-                return nullptr;
-            }
-
-            WindowSurface record;
-            record.Display = context.Display;
-            record.Surface = surface;
-            record.Width = width;
-            record.Height = height;
-            auto [inserted, _] = surfaces.emplace(hwnd, record);
-            return &inserted->second;
-        }
-
-        HGLRC CreateContextFromEGLAttribs(HDC hdc, HGLRC share, const EGLint* contextAttribs) {
-            const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(RegistryMutex());
-            EGLDisplay display = EnsureDisplay();
-            if (display == EGL_NO_DISPLAY) {
-                MGLOG_E("wgl: no EGL display");
-                return nullptr;
-            }
-            EGLImpl::BindAPI(EGL_OPENGL_API);
-
-            EGLContext shareContext = EGL_NO_CONTEXT;
-            if (share) {
-                auto* shareObject = TryGetContext(share);
-                if (!shareObject) {
-                    SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE);
-                    return nullptr;
-                }
-                shareContext = shareObject->Context;
-            }
-
-            HWND hwnd = WindowFromDC(hdc);
-            const PixelFormatInfo& pixelFormat = PixelFormatForWindow(hwnd);
-            const EGLint configAttribs[] = {
-                EGL_RED_SIZE, 8,
-                EGL_GREEN_SIZE, 8,
-                EGL_BLUE_SIZE, 8,
-                EGL_ALPHA_SIZE, pixelFormat.AlphaBits,
-                EGL_DEPTH_SIZE, pixelFormat.DepthBits,
-                EGL_STENCIL_SIZE, pixelFormat.StencilBits,
-                EGL_SURFACE_TYPE, EGL_WINDOW_BIT | EGL_PBUFFER_BIT,
-                EGL_RENDERABLE_TYPE, EGL_OPENGL_BIT,
-                EGL_NONE,
-            };
-            EGLConfig config = nullptr;
-            EGLint configCount = 0;
-            if (!EGLImpl::ChooseConfig(display, configAttribs, &config, 1, &configCount) || configCount <= 0) {
-                MGLOG_E("wgl: eglChooseConfig failed");
-                return nullptr;
-            }
-
-            EGLContext eglContext = EGLImpl::CreateContext(display, config, shareContext, contextAttribs);
-            if (eglContext == EGL_NO_CONTEXT) {
-                MGLOG_E("wgl: eglCreateContext failed");
-                return nullptr;
-            }
-
-            ContextObject object;
-            object.Display = display;
-            object.Config = config;
-            object.Context = eglContext;
-            const auto handle = EncodeContext(NextContextHandle()++);
-            Contexts()[handle] = object;
-            MGLOG_I("wgl: created context %p (EGL context %p)", handle, eglContext);
-            return handle;
-        }
-
-        // ---- WGL extension entry points (resolved via wglGetProcAddress only) ----
-
-        const char* WINAPI Ext_GetExtensionsStringARB(HDC) {
-            return "WGL_ARB_create_context WGL_ARB_create_context_no_error WGL_ARB_create_context_profile "
-                   "WGL_ARB_extensions_string WGL_ARB_pixel_format WGL_EXT_extensions_string WGL_EXT_swap_control";
-        }
-
-        const char* WINAPI Ext_GetExtensionsStringEXT() {
-            return Ext_GetExtensionsStringARB(nullptr);
-        }
-
-        HGLRC WINAPI Ext_CreateContextAttribsARB(HDC hdc, HGLRC hShareContext, const int* attribList) {
-            EnsureInitialized();
-            int major = 1;
-            int minor = 0;
-            int profileMask = 0;
-            int flags = 0;
-            if (attribList) {
-                for (SizeT i = 0; attribList[i] != 0; i += 2) {
-                    const int attrib = attribList[i];
-                    const int value = attribList[i + 1];
-                    switch (attrib) {
-                    case WGL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION_ARB:
-                        major = value;
-                        break;
-                    case WGL_CONTEXT_MINOR_VERSION_ARB:
-                        minor = value;
-                        break;
-                    case WGL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_MASK_ARB:
-                        profileMask = value;
-                        break;
-                    case WGL_CONTEXT_FLAGS_ARB:
-                        flags = value;
-                        break;
-                    case WGL_CONTEXT_LAYER_PLANE_ARB:
-                        if (value != 0) {
-                            SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
-                            return nullptr;
-                        }
-                        break;
-                    case WGL_CONTEXT_OPENGL_NO_ERROR_ARB:
-                        // Accepted and ignored: MobileGL always validates.
-                        break;
-                    default:
-                        MGLOG_D("wglCreateContextAttribsARB: ignoring attrib 0x%04x = 0x%x", attrib, value);
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (major < 1 || (profileMask & ~(WGL_CONTEXT_CORE_PROFILE_BIT_ARB |
-                                              WGL_CONTEXT_COMPATIBILITY_PROFILE_BIT_ARB))) {
-                SetLastError(profileMask ? ERROR_INVALID_PROFILE_ARB : ERROR_INVALID_VERSION_ARB);
-                return nullptr;
-            }
-
-            Vector<EGLint> attribs = {
-                EGL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION, major,
-                EGL_CONTEXT_MINOR_VERSION, minor,
-            };
-            const Bool wantsCompat = (profileMask & WGL_CONTEXT_COMPATIBILITY_PROFILE_BIT_ARB) != 0;
-            if (major > 3 || (major == 3 && minor >= 2) || profileMask != 0) {
-                attribs.push_back(EGL_CONTEXT_OPENGL_PROFILE_MASK);
-                attribs.push_back(wantsCompat ? EGL_CONTEXT_OPENGL_COMPATIBILITY_PROFILE_BIT
-                                              : EGL_CONTEXT_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE_BIT);
-            }
-            if (flags & WGL_CONTEXT_FORWARD_COMPATIBLE_BIT_ARB) {
-                attribs.push_back(EGL_CONTEXT_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPATIBLE);
-                attribs.push_back(EGL_TRUE);
-            }
-            if (flags & WGL_CONTEXT_DEBUG_BIT_ARB) {
-                attribs.push_back(EGL_CONTEXT_OPENGL_DEBUG);
-                attribs.push_back(EGL_TRUE);
-            }
-            attribs.push_back(EGL_NONE);
-
-            return CreateContextFromEGLAttribs(hdc, hShareContext, attribs.data());
-        }
-
-        BOOL WINAPI Ext_SwapIntervalEXT(int interval) {
-            const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(RegistryMutex());
-            EGLDisplay display = EnsureDisplay();
-            if (display == EGL_NO_DISPLAY) {
-                return FALSE;
-            }
-            if (interval < 0) {
-                // Adaptive vsync is not supported; clamp to regular vsync.
-                interval = 1;
-            }
-            EGLImpl::SwapInterval(display, interval);
-            SwapIntervalShadow() = interval;
-            return TRUE;
-        }
-
-        int WINAPI Ext_GetSwapIntervalEXT() {
-            const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(RegistryMutex());
-            return SwapIntervalShadow();
-        }
-
-        int PixelFormatAttribValue(int format, int attrib) {
-            const PixelFormatInfo& info = kPixelFormats[format - 1];
-            switch (attrib) {
-            case WGL_NUMBER_PIXEL_FORMATS_ARB:
-                return kPixelFormatCount;
-            case WGL_SUPPORT_OPENGL_ARB:
-            case WGL_DRAW_TO_WINDOW_ARB:
-            case WGL_DOUBLE_BUFFER_ARB:
-                return 1;
-            case WGL_ACCELERATION_ARB:
-                return WGL_FULL_ACCELERATION_ARB;
-            case WGL_PIXEL_TYPE_ARB:
-                return WGL_TYPE_RGBA_ARB;
-            case WGL_COLOR_BITS_ARB:
-                return 32;
-            case WGL_RED_BITS_ARB:
-            case WGL_GREEN_BITS_ARB:
-            case WGL_BLUE_BITS_ARB:
-                return 8;
-            case WGL_RED_SHIFT_ARB:
-                return 16;
-            case WGL_GREEN_SHIFT_ARB:
-                return 8;
-            case WGL_BLUE_SHIFT_ARB:
-                return 0;
-            case WGL_ALPHA_BITS_ARB:
-                return info.AlphaBits;
-            case WGL_ALPHA_SHIFT_ARB:
-                return 24;
-            case WGL_DEPTH_BITS_ARB:
-                return info.DepthBits;
-            case WGL_STENCIL_BITS_ARB:
-                return info.StencilBits;
-            case WGL_SWAP_METHOD_ARB:
-                return WGL_SWAP_EXCHANGE_ARB;
-            case WGL_DRAW_TO_BITMAP_ARB:
-            case WGL_NEED_PALETTE_ARB:
-            case WGL_NEED_SYSTEM_PALETTE_ARB:
-            case WGL_SWAP_LAYER_BUFFERS_ARB:
-            case WGL_NUMBER_OVERLAYS_ARB:
-            case WGL_NUMBER_UNDERLAYS_ARB:
-            case WGL_TRANSPARENT_ARB:
-            case WGL_SHARE_DEPTH_ARB:
-            case WGL_SHARE_STENCIL_ARB:
-            case WGL_SHARE_ACCUM_ARB:
-            case WGL_SUPPORT_GDI_ARB:
-            case WGL_STEREO_ARB:
-            case WGL_ACCUM_BITS_ARB:
-            case WGL_ACCUM_RED_BITS_ARB:
-            case WGL_ACCUM_GREEN_BITS_ARB:
-            case WGL_ACCUM_BLUE_BITS_ARB:
-            case WGL_ACCUM_ALPHA_BITS_ARB:
-            case WGL_AUX_BUFFERS_ARB:
-            case WGL_SAMPLE_BUFFERS_ARB:
-            case WGL_SAMPLES_ARB:
-            default:
-                return 0;
-            }
-        }
-
-        BOOL WINAPI Ext_GetPixelFormatAttribivARB(HDC, int iPixelFormat, int iLayerPlane, UINT nAttributes,
-                                                  const int* piAttributes, int* piValues) {
-            if (iLayerPlane != 0 || !piAttributes || !piValues) {
-                return FALSE;
-            }
-            // Format 0 is only valid for WGL_NUMBER_PIXEL_FORMATS_ARB queries.
-            if (iPixelFormat < 0 || iPixelFormat > kPixelFormatCount) {
-                return FALSE;
-            }
-            const int format = iPixelFormat == 0 ? 1 : iPixelFormat;
-            for (UINT i = 0; i < nAttributes; ++i) {
-                piValues[i] = PixelFormatAttribValue(format, piAttributes[i]);
-            }
-            return TRUE;
-        }
-
-        BOOL WINAPI Ext_GetPixelFormatAttribfvARB(HDC hdc, int iPixelFormat, int iLayerPlane, UINT nAttributes,
-                                                  const int* piAttributes, FLOAT* pfValues) {
-            if (!pfValues) {
-                return FALSE;
-            }
-            Vector<int> values(nAttributes);
-            if (!Ext_GetPixelFormatAttribivARB(hdc, iPixelFormat, iLayerPlane, nAttributes, piAttributes,
-                                               values.data())) {
-                return FALSE;
-            }
-            for (UINT i = 0; i < nAttributes; ++i) {
-                pfValues[i] = static_cast<FLOAT>(values[i]);
-            }
-            return TRUE;
-        }
-
-        BOOL WINAPI Ext_ChoosePixelFormatARB(HDC, const int* piAttribIList, const FLOAT*, UINT nMaxFormats,
-                                             int* piFormats, UINT* nNumFormats) {
-            if (!piFormats || !nNumFormats) {
-                return FALSE;
-            }
-            int wantedStencil = 0;
-            if (piAttribIList) {
-                for (SizeT i = 0; piAttribIList[i] != 0; i += 2) {
-                    if (piAttribIList[i] == WGL_STENCIL_BITS_ARB) {
-                        wantedStencil = piAttribIList[i + 1];
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            UINT count = 0;
-            const int preferred = wantedStencil > 0 ? 1 : 2;
-            const int fallback = wantedStencil > 0 ? 2 : 1;
-            if (count < nMaxFormats) {
-                piFormats[count++] = preferred;
-            }
-            if (count < nMaxFormats) {
-                piFormats[count++] = fallback;
-            }
-            *nNumFormats = count;
-            return TRUE;
-        }
-
-        struct WGLExtensionProc {
-            const char* Name;
-            PROC Proc;
-        };
-
-        const WGLExtensionProc kWGLExtensionProcs[] = {
-            {"wglGetExtensionsStringARB", reinterpret_cast<PROC>(Ext_GetExtensionsStringARB)},
-            {"wglGetExtensionsStringEXT", reinterpret_cast<PROC>(Ext_GetExtensionsStringEXT)},
-            {"wglCreateContextAttribsARB", reinterpret_cast<PROC>(Ext_CreateContextAttribsARB)},
-            {"wglSwapIntervalEXT", reinterpret_cast<PROC>(Ext_SwapIntervalEXT)},
-            {"wglGetSwapIntervalEXT", reinterpret_cast<PROC>(Ext_GetSwapIntervalEXT)},
-            {"wglGetPixelFormatAttribivARB", reinterpret_cast<PROC>(Ext_GetPixelFormatAttribivARB)},
-            {"wglGetPixelFormatAttribfvARB", reinterpret_cast<PROC>(Ext_GetPixelFormatAttribfvARB)},
-            {"wglChoosePixelFormatARB", reinterpret_cast<PROC>(Ext_ChoosePixelFormatARB)},
-        };
-    } // namespace
-
-    int ChoosePixelFormat(HDC hdc, const PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR* pfd) {
-        EnsureInitialized();
-        MGLOG_D("wglChoosePixelFormat(hdc=%p)", hdc);
-        // Format 1 (RGBA8 + depth24/stencil8) satisfies every request; a format
-        // exceeding the asked-for capabilities is a legal ChoosePixelFormat answer.
-        (void)pfd;
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    int DescribePixelFormat(HDC hdc, int format, UINT size, PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR* pfd) {
-        EnsureInitialized();
-        MGLOG_D("wglDescribePixelFormat(hdc=%p, format=%d)", hdc, format);
-        if (!pfd) {
-            return kPixelFormatCount;
-        }
-        if (size < sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR) || format < 1 || format > kPixelFormatCount) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        const PixelFormatInfo& info = kPixelFormats[format - 1];
-        std::memset(pfd, 0, sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR));
-        pfd->nSize = sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR);
-        pfd->nVersion = 1;
-        pfd->dwFlags = PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW | PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL | PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER | PFD_SWAP_EXCHANGE
-#if defined(PFD_SUPPORT_COMPOSITION)
-                       | PFD_SUPPORT_COMPOSITION
-#endif
-            ;
-        pfd->iPixelType = PFD_TYPE_RGBA;
-        pfd->cColorBits = 32;
-        pfd->cRedBits = 8;
-        pfd->cRedShift = 16;
-        pfd->cGreenBits = 8;
-        pfd->cGreenShift = 8;
-        pfd->cBlueBits = 8;
-        pfd->cBlueShift = 0;
-        pfd->cAlphaBits = static_cast<BYTE>(info.AlphaBits);
-        pfd->cAlphaShift = 24;
-        pfd->cDepthBits = static_cast<BYTE>(info.DepthBits);
-        pfd->cStencilBits = static_cast<BYTE>(info.StencilBits);
-        pfd->iLayerType = PFD_MAIN_PLANE;
-        return kPixelFormatCount;
-    }
-
-    int GetPixelFormat(HDC hdc) {
-        EnsureInitialized();
-        HWND hwnd = WindowFromDC(hdc);
-        if (!hwnd) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(RegistryMutex());
-        auto& formats = WindowPixelFormats();
-        auto it = formats.find(hwnd);
-        return it == formats.end() ? 0 : it->second;
-    }
-
-    BOOL SetPixelFormat(HDC hdc, int format, const PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR*) {
-        EnsureInitialized();
-        MGLOG_D("wglSetPixelFormat(hdc=%p, format=%d)", hdc, format);
-        if (format < 1 || format > kPixelFormatCount) {
-            SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
-            return FALSE;
-        }
-        HWND hwnd = WindowFromDC(hdc);
-        if (!hwnd) {
-            SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE);
-            return FALSE;
-        }
-        const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(RegistryMutex());
-        WindowPixelFormats()[hwnd] = format;
-        return TRUE;
-    }
-
-    BOOL SwapBuffers(HDC hdc) {
-        HWND hwnd = WindowFromDC(hdc);
-        if (!hwnd) {
-            SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE);
-            return FALSE;
-        }
-        const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(RegistryMutex());
-        auto& surfaces = WindowSurfaces();
-        auto it = surfaces.find(hwnd);
-        if (it == surfaces.end()) {
-            MGLOG_W("wglSwapBuffers: no surface for HWND %p", hwnd);
-            return FALSE;
-        }
-        SyncSurfaceSize(hwnd, it->second);
-        return EGLImpl::SwapBuffers(it->second.Display, it->second.Surface) == EGL_TRUE ? TRUE : FALSE;
-    }
-
-    HGLRC CreateContext(HDC hdc) {
-        EnsureInitialized();
-        MGLOG_I("wglCreateContext(hdc=%p)", hdc);
-        // A legacy WGL context is a compatibility-profile context; MobileGL keys
-        // its relaxed-semantics mode off the explicit compatibility bit.
-        const EGLint attribs[] = {
-            EGL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION, 3,
-            EGL_CONTEXT_MINOR_VERSION, 3,
-            EGL_CONTEXT_OPENGL_PROFILE_MASK, EGL_CONTEXT_OPENGL_COMPATIBILITY_PROFILE_BIT,
-            EGL_NONE,
-        };
-        return CreateContextFromEGLAttribs(hdc, nullptr, attribs);
-    }
-
-    BOOL DeleteContext(HGLRC hglrc) {
-        EnsureInitialized();
-        MGLOG_I("wglDeleteContext(%p)", hglrc);
-        if (t_current.Context == hglrc) {
-            MakeCurrent(nullptr, nullptr);
-        }
-        const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(RegistryMutex());
-        auto* object = TryGetContext(hglrc);
-        if (!object) {
-            SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE);
-            return FALSE;
-        }
-        if (object->Context != EGL_NO_CONTEXT) {
-            EGLImpl::DestroyContext(object->Display, object->Context);
-        }
-        Contexts().erase(hglrc);
-        return TRUE;
-    }
-
-    BOOL MakeCurrent(HDC hdc, HGLRC hglrc) {
-        EnsureInitialized();
-        MGLOG_D("wglMakeCurrent(hdc=%p, hglrc=%p)", hdc, hglrc);
-        if (!hglrc) {
-            if (!t_current.Context) {
-                t_current = {};
-                return TRUE;
-            }
-            const EGLBoolean released =
-                EGLImpl::MakeCurrent(EGL_NO_DISPLAY, EGL_NO_SURFACE, EGL_NO_SURFACE, EGL_NO_CONTEXT);
-            t_current = {};
-            return released == EGL_TRUE ? TRUE : FALSE;
-        }
-
-        HWND hwnd = WindowFromDC(hdc);
-        if (!hwnd) {
-            SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE);
-            return FALSE;
-        }
-
-        const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(RegistryMutex());
-        auto* object = TryGetContext(hglrc);
-        if (!object) {
-            SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE);
-            return FALSE;
-        }
-
-        WindowSurface* surface = EnsureWindowSurface(hwnd, *object);
-        if (!surface) {
-            return FALSE;
-        }
-
-        if (!EGLImpl::MakeCurrent(object->Display, surface->Surface, surface->Surface, object->Context)) {
-            MGLOG_E("wglMakeCurrent: eglMakeCurrent failed (hdc=%p, hglrc=%p)", hdc, hglrc);
-            return FALSE;
-        }
-        t_current = {hdc, hglrc};
-        return TRUE;
-    }
-
-    HGLRC GetCurrentContext() {
-        return t_current.Context;
-    }
-
-    HDC GetCurrentDC() {
-        return t_current.DC;
-    }
-
-    BOOL ShareLists(HGLRC hglrcShare, HGLRC hglrcDest) {
-        // All MobileGL contexts alias one global GL object namespace, so every
-        // pair of contexts already shares.
-        const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(RegistryMutex());
-        if (!TryGetContext(hglrcShare) || !TryGetContext(hglrcDest)) {
-            SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE);
-            return FALSE;
-        }
-        return TRUE;
-    }
-
-    PROC GetProcAddress(const char* name) {
-        EnsureInitialized();
-        if (!name) {
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-        if (name[0] == 'w' && name[1] == 'g' && name[2] == 'l') {
-            for (const auto& entry : kWGLExtensionProcs) {
-                if (std::strcmp(entry.Name, name) == 0) {
-                    return entry.Proc;
-                }
-            }
-            MGLOG_D("wglGetProcAddress: unknown wgl entry point %s", name);
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-        return reinterpret_cast<PROC>(MG_Impl::GetProcAddress(name));
-    }
-} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::WGLImpl
-
-#endif // _WIN32
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Impl/WGLImpl/WGLImpl.h
-// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
-// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
-//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
-//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
-// End of Source File Header
-
-#pragma once
-#include <Includes.h>
-
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-
-namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::WGLImpl {
-    // Classic opengl32.dll surface. gdi32's ChoosePixelFormat/SetPixelFormat/
-    // DescribePixelFormat/GetPixelFormat/SwapBuffers forward into the loaded
-    // opengl32.dll's wgl* exports, so these back both call paths.
-    int ChoosePixelFormat(HDC hdc, const PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR* pfd);
-    int DescribePixelFormat(HDC hdc, int format, UINT size, PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR* pfd);
-    int GetPixelFormat(HDC hdc);
-    BOOL SetPixelFormat(HDC hdc, int format, const PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR* pfd);
-    BOOL SwapBuffers(HDC hdc);
-
-    HGLRC CreateContext(HDC hdc);
-    BOOL DeleteContext(HGLRC hglrc);
-    BOOL MakeCurrent(HDC hdc, HGLRC hglrc);
-    HGLRC GetCurrentContext();
-    HDC GetCurrentDC();
-    BOOL ShareLists(HGLRC hglrcShare, HGLRC hglrcDest);
-
-    PROC GetProcAddress(const char* name);
-} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::WGLImpl
-
-#endif // _WIN32
@@ -368,26 +368,6 @@ namespace MobileGL {
                return true;
            }

-            Bool EGLContext::HasAnyInitializedDisplay() const {
-                const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-                for (const auto& [handle, displayObject] : m_displays) {
-                    if (displayObject.Initialized) {
-                        return true;
-                    }
-                }
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            Bool EGLContext::HasAnyCurrentContext() const {
-                const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-                for (const auto& [threadId, current] : m_threadCurrents) {
-                    if (current.Context != nullptr) {
-                        return true;
-                    }
-                }
-                return false;
-            }
-
            Bool EGLContext::ChooseConfig(EGLDisplayHandle display, const EGLint* attribList, EGLConfigHandle* configs,
                                          EGLint configSize, EGLint* numConfig) {
                const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(m_mutex);
@@ -784,20 +764,6 @@ namespace MobileGL {
                       ctx->MajorVersion > 3 || (ctx->MajorVersion == 3 && ctx->MinorVersion >= 1);
            }

-            Bool EGLContext::IsCurrentContextOpenGLCompatibilityProfile() const {
-                const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-                auto currentIt = m_threadCurrents.find(CurrentThreadKey());
-                if (currentIt == m_threadCurrents.end()) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                const auto* ctx = TryGetContext(currentIt->second.Context);
-                // Affirmative check: true only when the host explicitly requested the
-                // compatibility bit. Attrib-less contexts report false and thus read as core
-                // for GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_MASK (EGL defaults 3.x contexts to the core profile).
-                return ctx && ctx->ClientAPI == EGL_OPENGL_API &&
-                       (ctx->OpenGLProfileMask & EGL_CONTEXT_OPENGL_COMPATIBILITY_PROFILE_BIT);
-            }
-
            EGLint EGLContext::GetCurrentContextFlags() const {
                const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(m_mutex);
                auto currentIt = m_threadCurrents.find(CurrentThreadKey());
@@ -1435,7 +1401,6 @@ namespace MobileGL {
            }
        } // namespace EGLState

-        // Leak-at-exit storage; see GlobalObjects.cpp.
-        UniquePtr<EGLState::EGLContext>& pEGLContext = *new UniquePtr<EGLState::EGLContext>();
+        UniquePtr<EGLState::EGLContext> pEGLContext;
    } // namespace MG_State
 } // namespace MobileGL
@@ -39,10 +39,6 @@ namespace MobileGL {
                Bool IsDisplayInitialized(EGLDisplayHandle display) const;
                Bool InitializeDisplay(EGLDisplayHandle display, EGLint* major, EGLint* minor);
                Bool TerminateDisplay(EGLDisplayHandle display);
-                // Whole-library idle checks used by EGLImpl::Terminate to decide
-                // when the last eglTerminate may tear MobileGL down entirely.
-                Bool HasAnyInitializedDisplay() const;
-                Bool HasAnyCurrentContext() const;

                // Config
                Bool ChooseConfig(EGLDisplayHandle display, const EGLint* attribList, EGLConfigHandle* configs,
@@ -63,7 +59,6 @@ namespace MobileGL {
                Bool ValidateContext(EGLContextHandle context) const;
                Bool ValidateContextOnDisplay(EGLDisplayHandle display, EGLContextHandle context) const;
                Bool IsCurrentContextOpenGLCoreProfile() const;
-                Bool IsCurrentContextOpenGLCompatibilityProfile() const;
                EGLint GetCurrentContextFlags() const;

                // Surface
@@ -266,6 +261,6 @@ namespace MobileGL {
            };
        } // namespace EGLState

-        extern UniquePtr<EGLState::EGLContext>& pEGLContext;
+        extern UniquePtr<EGLState::EGLContext> pEGLContext;
    } // namespace MG_State
 } // namespace MobileGL
@@ -231,21 +231,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_State::GLState {
        return m_resource.Bytes();
    }

-    Bool BufferObject::EnsureGpuResidentStorage() {
-        if (m_resource.IsGpuResident()) {
-            return true;
-        }
-        if (m_size == 0 || g_bufferBackendOps == nullptr || g_bufferBackendOps->AcquirePersistentMap == nullptr) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        void* base = g_bufferBackendOps->AcquirePersistentMap(*this);
-        if (base == nullptr) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        m_resource.AdoptPersistentMap(base);
-        return true;
-    }
-
    void* BufferObject::AcquireMemoryRange(Range1D range, Flags<BufferMappingAccessBit> access) {
        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(range.end <= m_size && range.start <= range.end,
                        "AcquireMemoryRange out of bounds: range (%zu, %zu) exceeds m_size (%zu)", range.start,
@@ -133,11 +133,6 @@ namespace MobileGL {

            void* AcquireMemory(Bool markMapped, Bool read, Bool write);
            void* AcquireMemoryRange(Range1D range, Flags<BufferMappingAccessBit> access);
-            // Adopt backend host-visible coherent GPU storage as the source of truth
-            // (used for GPU-written targets like transform feedback capture, so
-            // MapBuffer/GetBufferSubData read real GPU results). No-op when already
-            // resident or when the backend declines.
-            Bool EnsureGpuResidentStorage();
            void ReleaseMemory();
            void FlushMemoryRange(SizeT offset, SizeT length);

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 #include "Core.h"
 #include "MG_State/GLState/RenderbufferState/RenderbufferObject.h"
 #include "MG_State/EGLState/Core.h"
-#include <Config.h>

 namespace MobileGL::MG_State {
    void Init() {
@@ -18,11 +17,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_State {
        pEGLContext = MakeUnique<EGLState::EGLContext>();
    }

-    Bool IsRelaxedSemanticsActive() {
-        return MG_Config::Features.RelaxedSemantics ||
-               !(pEGLContext && pEGLContext->IsCurrentContextOpenGLCoreProfile());
-    }
-
    namespace GLState {
        // Error
        void GLContext::RecordError(ErrorCode code, UniquePtr<ErrorInfo> info) {
@@ -232,16 +226,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_State {
            return m_textureState.GetTextureObject(index);
        }

-        const SharedPtr<ITextureObject>& GLContext::GetDefaultTextureObject(TextureTarget target) const {
-            return m_textureState.GetDefaultTextureObject(target);
-        }
-
        const SharedPtr<ITextureObject>& GLContext::CreateTextureObject(Uint index, TextureTarget target) {
            return m_textureState.CreateTextureObject(index, target);
        }

        void GLContext::MarkTextureObjectForDeletion(Uint index) {
-            m_textureState.MarkTextureObjectForDeletion(index, IsRelaxedSemanticsActive());
+            m_textureState.MarkTextureObjectForDeletion(index);
        }

        TextureUnit& GLContext::GetTextureUnitObject(Int unit) {
@@ -289,10 +279,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_State {
            return m_programState.MarkShaderObjectForDeletion(index);
        }

-        void GLContext::ReleaseShaderNameIfOrphaned(const Uint index) {
-            return m_programState.ReleaseShaderNameIfOrphaned(index);
-        }
-
        Bool GLContext::ValidateProgramName(const Uint index) const {
            return m_programState.ValidateProgramObject(index);
        }
@@ -721,6 +707,5 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_State {
        }
    } // namespace GLState

-    // Leak-at-exit storage; see GlobalObjects.cpp.
-    UniquePtr<GLState::GLContext>& pGLContext = *new UniquePtr<GLState::GLContext>();
+    UniquePtr<GLState::GLContext> pGLContext;
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_State
@@ -95,8 +95,6 @@ namespace MobileGL {
                // Texture
                void GenTextureNames(Uint number, Vector<Uint>& textures);
                const SharedPtr<ITextureObject>& GetTextureObject(Uint index);
-                // Per-target default texture object (name 0); see TextureState::GetDefaultTextureObject.
-                const SharedPtr<ITextureObject>& GetDefaultTextureObject(TextureTarget target) const;
                const SharedPtr<ITextureObject>& CreateTextureObject(Uint index, TextureTarget target);
                void MarkTextureObjectForDeletion(Uint index);
                TextureUnit& GetTextureUnitObject(Int unit);
@@ -108,7 +106,6 @@ namespace MobileGL {
                // texture is bound at a unit; lets a backend skip re-resolving an unchanged
                // per-draw sampled-texture set.
                Uint64 GetTextureBindGeneration() const { return m_textureState.GetTextureBindGeneration(); }
-                void BumpTextureBindGeneration() { m_textureState.BumpTextureBindGeneration(); }
                Bool ValidateTextureName(Uint index) const;
                Bool ValidateTextureObject(Uint index) const;
                Int GetActiveTextureUnit() const;
@@ -119,9 +116,6 @@ namespace MobileGL {
                Uint CreateShader(ShaderStage stage);
                void MarkProgramForDeletion(Uint index);
                void MarkShaderForDeletion(Uint index);
-                // Frees a deletion-flagged shader's name once it lost its last GL-visible
-                // attachment (call after glDetachShader).
-                void ReleaseShaderNameIfOrphaned(Uint index);
                Bool ValidateProgramName(Uint index) const;
                Bool ValidateShaderName(Uint index) const;
                const SharedPtr<ProgramObject>& GetProgramObject(Uint index);
@@ -211,47 +205,6 @@ namespace MobileGL {
                void SetScissorBox(IntVec4 box);      // x, y, width, height
                const IntVec4& GetScissorBox() const; // x, y, width, height

-                // Transform feedback (GL 3.0 core Begin/End; no feedback objects yet)
-                void BeginTransformFeedback(GLenum primitiveMode, const SharedPtr<ProgramObject>& program) {
-                    m_transformFeedbackActive = true;
-                    m_transformFeedbackPrimitiveMode = primitiveMode;
-                    m_transformFeedbackProgram = program;
-                    ++m_transformFeedbackGeneration;
-                    m_transformFeedbackCapturedVertices = 0;
-                    m_transformFeedbackInputPrimitives = 0;
-                }
-                void EndTransformFeedback() {
-                    m_transformFeedbackActive = false;
-                    m_transformFeedbackProgram.reset();
-                }
-                Bool IsTransformFeedbackActive() const { return m_transformFeedbackActive; }
-                GLenum GetTransformFeedbackPrimitiveMode() const { return m_transformFeedbackPrimitiveMode; }
-                const SharedPtr<ProgramObject>& GetTransformFeedbackProgram() const {
-                    return m_transformFeedbackProgram;
-                }
-                // Bumped on every BeginTransformFeedback; the backend uses it to
-                // distinguish "resume appending" from "fresh capture".
-                Uint64 GetTransformFeedbackGeneration() const { return m_transformFeedbackGeneration; }
-                // CPU-side primitive accounting for the transform feedback queries:
-                // every captured draw adds its primitive count (draws without a
-                // geometry stage write exactly what they generate).
-                void AddTransformFeedbackPrimitives(Uint64 primitives) {
-                    m_transformFeedbackPrimitiveCounter += primitives;
-                }
-                Uint64 GetTransformFeedbackPrimitiveCounter() const { return m_transformFeedbackPrimitiveCounter; }
-                // Vertices already captured since BeginTransformFeedback (drives the
-                // buffer-capacity clamp on the primitives-written accounting).
-                void AddTransformFeedbackCapturedVertices(Uint64 vertices) {
-                    m_transformFeedbackCapturedVertices += vertices;
-                }
-                Uint64 GetTransformFeedbackCapturedVertices() const { return m_transformFeedbackCapturedVertices; }
-                // Raw assembled input primitives fed to the capture stage since Begin
-                // (pre-clamp; drives the GS strip capture-order fixup at EndTF).
-                void AddTransformFeedbackInputPrimitives(Uint64 primitives) {
-                    m_transformFeedbackInputPrimitives += primitives;
-                }
-                Uint64 GetTransformFeedbackInputPrimitives() const { return m_transformFeedbackInputPrimitives; }
-
                // Framebuffer
                void GenFramebufferNames(Uint number, Vector<Uint>& framebuffers);
                const SharedPtr<FramebufferObject>& GetFramebufferObject(Uint index);
@@ -284,13 +237,6 @@ namespace MobileGL {
                BufferState m_bufferState;
                VertexArrayState m_vertexArrayState;
                Array<CurrentVertexAttributeValue, VertexArrayObject::MAX_VERTEX_ATTRIBS> m_currentVertexAttributes{};
-                Bool m_transformFeedbackActive = false;
-                GLenum m_transformFeedbackPrimitiveMode = GL_POINTS;
-                SharedPtr<ProgramObject> m_transformFeedbackProgram;
-                Uint64 m_transformFeedbackGeneration = 0;
-                Uint64 m_transformFeedbackPrimitiveCounter = 0;
-                Uint64 m_transformFeedbackCapturedVertices = 0;
-                Uint64 m_transformFeedbackInputPrimitives = 0;
                TextureState m_textureState;
                ProgramState m_programState;
                RenderState m_renderState;
@@ -300,13 +246,6 @@ namespace MobileGL {
            };
        } // namespace GLState

-        extern UniquePtr<GLState::GLContext>& pGLContext;
-
-        // True when relaxed GL semantics apply. Strict core rules are enforced only when the
-        // current EGL context explicitly requested a core profile (core bit in
-        // EGL_CONTEXT_OPENGL_PROFILE_MASK, or a >=3.1 version request without the compatibility
-        // bit) and MOBILEGL_RELAXED_SEMANTICS is off; no current context, legacy version
-        // requests, and the compatibility bit all relax.
-        Bool IsRelaxedSemanticsActive();
+        extern UniquePtr<GLState::GLContext> pGLContext;
    } // namespace MG_State
 } // namespace MobileGL
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 // End of Source File Header

 #include "Error.h"
-#include <algorithm>
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/GLToStr/GLEnumConverter.h>
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToGL/ErrorCodeConverter.h>

@@ -20,15 +19,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_State::GLState {
            MGLOG_E("Recording OpenGL error (%s):\n%s",
                    MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(MG_Util::ConvertErrorCodeToGLEnum(code)).c_str(),
                    info->toString().c_str());
-            // GL error semantics are sticky flags, not a queue (GL 3.3 core §2.5): with multiple
-            // error flags, each is set only while currently unset — repeated errors of the same
-            // code are discarded until glGetError reads the flag. Unbounded accumulation leaked
-            // stale errors into later, unrelated glGetError checks (GL CTS deinit noise).
-            const Bool alreadyPending = std::any_of(m_errors.begin(), m_errors.end(),
-                                                    [code](const auto& e) { return e->code == code; });
-            if (!alreadyPending) {
-                m_errors.push_back(MakeUnique<Error>(code, Move(info)));
-            }
+            m_errors.push_back(MakeUnique<Error>(code, Move(info)));
        }
    }

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@

 #include "ProgramObject.h"
 #include <atomic>
-#include <cstring>
 #include <MG_Backend/BackendObjects.h>
 #include <MG_State/GLState/VertexArrayState/VertexArrayObject.h>
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/GLToStr/GLEnumConverter.h>
@@ -88,19 +87,6 @@ namespace {
        }
    }

-    // How many consecutive uniform locations a uniform occupies. Array uniforms (opaque
-    // or not) span one location per element so glUniform*v(count > 1) and
-    // glGetUniformLocation("arr[k]") can address elements individually; everything else
-    // spans a single location. TObjectReflection.size only carries the element count for
-    // non-block arrays, so prefer the TType, which is authoritative for both.
-    static MobileGL::Int GetUniformLocationSpan(const glslang::TObjectReflection& uniform) {
-        const glslang::TType* type = uniform.getType();
-        if (type != nullptr && type->isSizedArray()) {
-            return std::max(1, type->getOuterArraySize());
-        }
-        return std::max(1, uniform.size);
-    }
-
    static bool ComputeShaderDeclaresLocalSize(const MobileGL::String& source) {
        bool inLineComment = false;
        bool inBlockComment = false;
@@ -170,230 +156,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_State::GLState {
        m_uniformNameMaxLength = 0;
        m_attribInNameMaxLength = 0;
        m_uniformBlockNameMaxLength = 0;
-        m_xfbVaryings.clear();
-        m_xfbStrides.clear();
-        m_xfbBufferMode = GL_INTERLEAVED_ATTRIBS;
-        m_xfbVaryingNameMaxLength = 0;
        m_linkStatus = false;
    }

-    namespace {
-        // GL type enum for a vertex-stage output symbol captured by transform
-        // feedback. Covers the scalar/vector/matrix float+integer types transform
-        // feedback may legally capture in GL 3.3.
-        Bool ResolveXfbSymbolType(const glslang::TType& type, GLenum& outType, GLint& outArraySize,
-                                  Uint32& outBytesPerElement) {
-            outArraySize = type.isArray() ? type.getOuterArraySize() : 1;
-            const Int columns = type.isMatrix() ? type.getMatrixCols() : 1;
-            const Int components = type.isMatrix() ? type.getMatrixRows()
-                                                   : (type.isVector() ? type.getVectorSize() : 1);
-            const glslang::TBasicType basic = type.getBasicType();
-            static constexpr GLenum kFloatTypes[5] = {0, GL_FLOAT, GL_FLOAT_VEC2, GL_FLOAT_VEC3, GL_FLOAT_VEC4};
-            static constexpr GLenum kIntTypes[5] = {0, GL_INT, GL_INT_VEC2, GL_INT_VEC3, GL_INT_VEC4};
-            static constexpr GLenum kUintTypes[5] = {0, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, GL_UNSIGNED_INT_VEC2, GL_UNSIGNED_INT_VEC3,
-                                                     GL_UNSIGNED_INT_VEC4};
-            if (type.isMatrix()) {
-                if (basic != glslang::EbtFloat) return false;
-                static constexpr GLenum kMatTypes[5][5] = {
-                    {}, {},
-                    {0, 0, GL_FLOAT_MAT2, GL_FLOAT_MAT2x3, GL_FLOAT_MAT2x4},
-                    {0, 0, GL_FLOAT_MAT3x2, GL_FLOAT_MAT3, GL_FLOAT_MAT3x4},
-                    {0, 0, GL_FLOAT_MAT4x2, GL_FLOAT_MAT4x3, GL_FLOAT_MAT4},
-                };
-                if (columns < 2 || columns > 4 || components < 2 || components > 4) return false;
-                outType = kMatTypes[columns][components];
-            } else if (components >= 1 && components <= 4) {
-                switch (basic) {
-                case glslang::EbtFloat: outType = kFloatTypes[components]; break;
-                case glslang::EbtInt: outType = kIntTypes[components]; break;
-                case glslang::EbtUint: outType = kUintTypes[components]; break;
-                default: return false;
-                }
-            } else {
-                return false;
-            }
-            outBytesPerElement = static_cast<Uint32>(columns * components) * 4u;
-            return true;
-        }
-    } // namespace
-
-    Bool ProgramObject::ResolveTransformFeedbackVaryings() {
-        m_xfbVaryings.clear();
-        m_xfbStrides.clear();
-        m_xfbBufferMode = m_requestedXfbBufferMode;
-        m_xfbVaryingNameMaxLength = 0;
-        if (m_requestedXfbVaryings.empty()) {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        // Capture happens at the last vertex-processing stage (geometry, then
-        // tessellation evaluation, then vertex).
-        const glslang::TIntermediate* captureIntermediate = nullptr;
-        for (EShLanguage stage : {EShLangGeometry, EShLangTessEvaluation, EShLangVertex}) {
-            captureIntermediate = m_program->getIntermediate(stage);
-            if (captureIntermediate != nullptr) {
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        if (captureIntermediate == nullptr) {
-            m_infoLog = "Transform feedback varyings requested but the program has no vertex-processing stage.";
-            return false;
-        }
-        const glslang::TIntermAggregate* linkerObjects = captureIntermediate->findLinkerObjects();
-
-        const Bool interleaved = m_xfbBufferMode == GL_INTERLEAVED_ATTRIBS;
-        Uint32 interleavedOffset = 0;
-        for (SizeT i = 0; i < m_requestedXfbVaryings.size(); ++i) {
-            const String& name = m_requestedXfbVaryings[i];
-            for (SizeT j = 0; j < i; ++j) {
-                if (m_requestedXfbVaryings[j] == name) {
-                    m_infoLog = "Transform feedback varying '" + name + "' is specified more than once.";
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
-
-            XfbVarying varying;
-            varying.name = name;
-            Uint32 bytesPerElement = 0;
-            Bool resolved = false;
-            if (name == "gl_Position") {
-                varying.type = GL_FLOAT_VEC4;
-                varying.size = 1;
-                bytesPerElement = 16;
-                resolved = true;
-            } else if (name == "gl_PointSize") {
-                varying.type = GL_FLOAT;
-                varying.size = 1;
-                bytesPerElement = 4;
-                resolved = true;
-            } else if (linkerObjects != nullptr) {
-                for (const auto* node : linkerObjects->getSequence()) {
-                    const glslang::TIntermSymbol* symbol = node->getAsSymbolNode();
-                    if (symbol == nullptr || symbol->getType().getQualifier().storage != glslang::EvqVaryingOut) {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    if (symbol->getName() != name.c_str()) {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    resolved = ResolveXfbSymbolType(symbol->getType(), varying.type, varying.size, bytesPerElement);
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            if (!resolved) {
-                m_infoLog = "Transform feedback varying '" + name + "' is not an output of the vertex stage.";
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            varying.byteSize = bytesPerElement * static_cast<Uint32>(varying.size);
-            if (interleaved) {
-                varying.bufferIndex = 0;
-                varying.offsetBytes = interleavedOffset;
-                interleavedOffset += varying.byteSize;
-            } else {
-                varying.bufferIndex = static_cast<Uint32>(i);
-                varying.offsetBytes = 0;
-            }
-            m_xfbVaryingNameMaxLength =
-                std::max(m_xfbVaryingNameMaxLength, static_cast<Int>(name.size()) + 1);
-            m_xfbVaryings.push_back(Move(varying));
-        }
-
-        constexpr Uint32 kMaxSeparateAttribs = 4;
-        constexpr Uint32 kMaxSeparateComponents = 4;
-        constexpr Uint32 kMaxInterleavedComponents = 64;
-        if (interleaved) {
-            if (interleavedOffset > kMaxInterleavedComponents * 4) {
-                m_infoLog = "Transform feedback interleaved capture exceeds "
-                            "GL_MAX_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_INTERLEAVED_COMPONENTS.";
-                return false;
-            }
-            m_xfbStrides.assign(1, interleavedOffset);
-        } else {
-            if (m_xfbVaryings.size() > kMaxSeparateAttribs) {
-                m_infoLog = "Transform feedback separate capture exceeds "
-                            "GL_MAX_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_SEPARATE_ATTRIBS.";
-                return false;
-            }
-            m_xfbStrides.resize(m_xfbVaryings.size());
-            for (SizeT i = 0; i < m_xfbVaryings.size(); ++i) {
-                if (m_xfbVaryings[i].byteSize > kMaxSeparateComponents * 4) {
-                    m_infoLog = "Transform feedback varying '" + m_xfbVaryings[i].name +
-                                "' exceeds GL_MAX_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_SEPARATE_COMPONENTS.";
-                    return false;
-                }
-                m_xfbStrides[i] = m_xfbVaryings[i].byteSize;
-            }
-        }
-
-        ResolveGsTriangleStripCapture(captureIntermediate);
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    namespace {
-        // Extracts a geometry shader's per-invocation EmitVertex/EndPrimitive sequence
-        // when it is statically knowable (no emit inside selection/loop/switch). Vulkan
-        // transform feedback captures triangle strips in plain (i, i+1, i+2) order while
-        // GL decomposes odd strip triangles as (i+1, i, i+2) (GL 4.6 table 10.1); with
-        // the static strip lengths the capture buffer can be reordered after EndTF.
-        class GsEmitSequenceTraverser final : public glslang::TIntermTraverser {
-        public:
-            bool visitAggregate(glslang::TVisit, glslang::TIntermAggregate* node) override {
-                if (node->getOp() == glslang::EOpEmitVertex) {
-                    ++emitCount;
-                    hasEmit = true;
-                } else if (node->getOp() == glslang::EOpEndPrimitive) {
-                    FlushStrip();
-                }
-                return true;
-            }
-            bool visitSelection(glslang::TVisit, glslang::TIntermSelection*) override {
-                inControlFlow = true;
-                return true;
-            }
-            bool visitLoop(glslang::TVisit, glslang::TIntermLoop*) override {
-                inControlFlow = true;
-                return true;
-            }
-            bool visitSwitch(glslang::TVisit, glslang::TIntermSwitch*) override {
-                inControlFlow = true;
-                return true;
-            }
-            void FlushStrip() {
-                if (emitCount >= 3) {
-                    stripTriangles.push_back(static_cast<Uint32>(emitCount - 2));
-                }
-                emitCount = 0;
-            }
-
-            Vector<Uint32> stripTriangles;
-            Uint32 emitCount = 0;
-            Bool hasEmit = false;
-            Bool inControlFlow = false;
-        };
-    } // namespace
-
-    void ProgramObject::ResolveGsTriangleStripCapture(const glslang::TIntermediate* captureIntermediate) {
-        m_gsStripTriangles.clear();
-        m_gsStripCaptureFixup = false;
-        if (captureIntermediate == nullptr || m_program == nullptr) {
-            return;
-        }
-        if (m_program->getIntermediate(EShLangGeometry) != captureIntermediate) {
-            return;
-        }
-        if (captureIntermediate->getOutputPrimitive() != glslang::ElgTriangleStrip) {
-            return;
-        }
-        GsEmitSequenceTraverser traverser;
-        const_cast<glslang::TIntermediate*>(captureIntermediate)->getTreeRoot()->traverse(&traverser);
-        traverser.FlushStrip(); // the invocation end acts as an implicit EndPrimitive
-        if (!traverser.hasEmit || traverser.inControlFlow || traverser.stripTriangles.empty()) {
-            return;
-        }
-        m_gsStripTriangles = Move(traverser.stripTriangles);
-        m_gsStripCaptureFixup = true;
-    }
-
    bool ProgramObject::ShaderIsAttached(const SharedPtr<ShaderObject>& shader) {
        MGLOG_D("ProgramObject %u: ShaderIsAttached check for shader %p", m_externalIndex, shader.get());
        auto it = std::find_if(m_shaders.begin(), m_shaders.end(),
@@ -548,12 +313,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_State::GLState {
        if (!ValidateFragmentOutputLocations()) {
            return;
        }
-        if (!ResolveTransformFeedbackVaryings()) {
-            m_linkStatus = false;
-            MGLOG_E("ProgramObject %u: transform feedback varying resolution failed: %s", m_externalIndex,
-                    m_infoLog.c_str());
-            return;
-        }

        MGLOG_D("ProgramObject %u: Starting binary generation", m_externalIndex);
        GenerateBinary();
@@ -587,18 +346,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_State::GLState {
        }

        MGLOG_D("ProgramObject %u: DoReflection - building reflection", m_externalIndex);
-        // GL-style reflection naming (GL CTS uniform_block relies on all four):
-        //  - BasicArraySuffix: an array uniform is reported as "arr[0]" per the GL spec.
-        //  - StrictArraySuffix: named-block struct arrays expand per element ("s[0].a",
-        //    "s[1].a", ...) following ARB_program_interface_query rules. Default-block
-        //    (loose) uniforms already expand per element without this option.
-        //  - AllBlockVariables: every member of an active named block is active even when
-        //    no shader statement reads it (ES 3.0/GL 3.3 named-block semantics).
-        //  - SharedStd140UBO: a DECLARED uniform block is active even when no member is
-        //    ever read (reflected from the linker objects). PreprocessShaderSource coerces
-        //    every block to std140, so this covers all of them.
-        if (!m_program->buildReflection(EShReflectionStrictArraySuffix | EShReflectionBasicArraySuffix |
-                                        EShReflectionAllBlockVariables | EShReflectionSharedStd140UBO)) {
+        if (!m_program->buildReflection()) {
            m_linkStatus = false;
            m_infoLog = "Build reflection failed.";
            MGLOG_E("ProgramObject %u: DoReflection - buildReflection() returned false", m_externalIndex);
@@ -613,7 +361,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_State::GLState {
        for (int i = 0; i < m_activeUniformCount; i++) {
            auto& uniform = m_program->getUniform(i);
            auto location = uniform.layoutLocation();
-            const Int locationSpan = GetUniformLocationSpan(uniform);
+            const Int locationSpan =
+                (uniform.getType() && uniform.getType()->isOpaque()) ? std::max(1, uniform.size) : 1;
            requiredUniformLocations += locationSpan;
            if (location != glslang::TQualifier::layoutLocationEnd) {
                m_maxUniformLocation = std::max(m_maxUniformLocation, location + locationSpan - 1);
@@ -652,7 +401,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_State::GLState {
                        m_externalIndex, uniform.name.c_str());
                continue; // will allocate unallocated uniforms later
            }
-            const Int locationSpan = GetUniformLocationSpan(uniform);
+            const Int locationSpan =
+                (uniform.getType() && uniform.getType()->isOpaque()) ? std::max(1, uniform.size) : 1;
            for (Int element = 0; element < locationSpan; ++element) {
                m_uniformIndexInTProgram[location + element] = i;
            }
@@ -669,8 +419,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_State::GLState {
        });
        for (auto index : unallocatedUniformIndex) {
            auto& uniform = m_program->getUniform(index);
-            const Int locationSpan = GetUniformLocationSpan(uniform);
-            Bool placed = false;
+            const Int locationSpan =
+                (uniform.getType() && uniform.getType()->isOpaque()) ? std::max(1, uniform.size) : 1;
            for (; locNeedle <= m_maxUniformLocation; locNeedle++) {
                bool hasRoom = locNeedle + locationSpan - 1 <= m_maxUniformLocation;
                for (Int element = 0; hasRoom && element < locationSpan; ++element) {
@@ -687,25 +437,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_State::GLState {
                        "(index %d)",
                        m_externalIndex, uniform.name.c_str(), locNeedle, locNeedle + locationSpan - 1, index);
                locNeedle += locationSpan;
-                placed = true;
                break;
            }
-            if (!placed) {
-                // Explicit-location uniforms can fragment the space so no contiguous
-                // span is left; grow the table instead of leaving the uniform without
-                // a location (which would make it unsettable via glUniform*).
-                const SizeT base = m_uniformIndexInTProgram.size();
-                m_uniformIndexInTProgram.resize(base + locationSpan, glslang::TQualifier::layoutLocationEnd);
-                m_uniformSamplerOrImageUnitIndex.resize(base + locationSpan, -1);
-                m_maxUniformLocation = static_cast<Uint>(base + locationSpan - 1);
-                for (Int element = 0; element < locationSpan; ++element) {
-                    m_uniformIndexInTProgram[base + element] = index;
-                }
-                m_uniformLocations[uniform.name] = static_cast<Uint>(base);
-                MGLOG_D("ProgramObject %u: Reflection - grew location table to place uniform '%s' at %zu..%zu",
-                        m_externalIndex, uniform.name.c_str(), base, base + locationSpan - 1);
-                locNeedle = base + locationSpan;
-            }
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < m_activeUniformCount; i++) {
@@ -721,17 +454,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_State::GLState {
                continue;
            }

-            // Reflection names an array "texs[0]" while the layout(binding = N) map from the IO
-            // resolver is keyed by the declared name ("texs"); look up both spellings.
-            auto explicitBinding = m_explicitOpaqueUniformBindings.find(uniform.name);
-            if (explicitBinding == m_explicitOpaqueUniformBindings.end() && uniform.name.length() > 3 &&
-                uniform.name.compare(uniform.name.length() - 3, 3, "[0]") == 0) {
-                explicitBinding =
-                    m_explicitOpaqueUniformBindings.find(uniform.name.substr(0, uniform.name.length() - 3));
-            }
+            const auto explicitBinding = m_explicitOpaqueUniformBindings.find(uniform.name);
            const int initialUnit =
                explicitBinding != m_explicitOpaqueUniformBindings.end() ? static_cast<int>(explicitBinding->second) : 0;
-            const Int locationSpan = GetUniformLocationSpan(uniform);
+            const Int locationSpan = std::max(1, uniform.size);
            for (Int element = 0; element < locationSpan &&
                                  location + element < m_uniformSamplerOrImageUnitIndex.size(); ++element) {
                m_uniformSamplerOrImageUnitIndex[location + element] =
@@ -896,11 +622,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_State::GLState {
        m_uniformSizesInBytes.clear();
        m_uniformOffsets.clear();
        m_globalUboScratch.clear();
-        // kInvalidUniformOffset marks locations that end up without global-UBO backing
-        // (e.g. the optimizer eliminated every use of the uniform); the fallback pass
-        // below gives those locations tail storage so glUniform* always has a target.
-        m_uniformOffsets.resize(m_maxUniformLocation + 1, kInvalidUniformOffset);
-        m_uniformSizesInBytes.resize(m_maxUniformLocation + 1, 0);
+        m_uniformOffsets.resize(m_maxUniformLocation + 1);
+        m_uniformSizesInBytes.resize(m_maxUniformLocation + 1);
        for (SizeT i = 0; i < m_generatedSpirv.size(); i++) {
            auto& spv = m_generatedSpirv[i];

@@ -930,95 +653,31 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_State::GLState {
                    m_globalUboScratch.resize(size);
                }
                for (const auto& [name, offset] : meta.plainUniformOffsetsInUBO) {
-                    // SPIRV-Reflect leaf names never carry a "[0]" suffix; frontend
-                    // reflection keys arrays as "arr[0]" (GL naming), so retry with the
-                    // suffix before declaring the uniform unbacked.
-                    auto locationIt = m_uniformLocations.find(name);
-                    if (locationIt == m_uniformLocations.end()) {
-                        locationIt = m_uniformLocations.find(name + "[0]");
-                    }
-                    if (locationIt == m_uniformLocations.end()) {
-                        MGLOG_D("ProgramObject %u: GenerateBinary - uniform '%s' offset=%u but not found in "
-                                "m_uniformLocations",
-                                m_externalIndex, name.c_str(), offset);
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    const Uint baseLocation = locationIt->second;
-                    if (!IsValidUniformLocation(static_cast<Int>(baseLocation))) {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    const Int uniformIndex = m_uniformIndexInTProgram[baseLocation];
-                    const GLint arraySize = GetActiveUniformArraySize(uniformIndex);
-                    SizeT memberSize = 0;
-                    const auto sizeIt = meta.plainUniformMemberSizesInBytes.find(name);
-                    if (sizeIt != meta.plainUniformMemberSizesInBytes.end()) {
-                        memberSize = sizeIt->second;
-                    }
-                    Uint arrayStride = 0;
-                    const auto strideIt = meta.plainUniformArrayStridesInUBO.find(name);
-                    if (strideIt != meta.plainUniformArrayStridesInUBO.end()) {
-                        arrayStride = strideIt->second;
-                    }
-
-                    // Array uniforms span one location per element (see DoReflection);
-                    // give each element its real byte offset inside the UBO.
-                    const GLint elementCount = (arraySize > 1 && arrayStride == 0) ? 1 : std::max(arraySize, 1);
-                    for (GLint element = 0; element < elementCount; ++element) {
-                        const Uint location = baseLocation + static_cast<Uint>(element);
-                        if (location > m_maxUniformLocation || m_uniformIndexInTProgram[location] != uniformIndex) {
-                            break;
-                        }
-                        m_uniformOffsets[location] = offset + static_cast<Uint>(element) * arrayStride;
-                        const SizeT consumed = static_cast<SizeT>(element) * arrayStride;
-                        m_uniformSizesInBytes[location] = memberSize > consumed ? memberSize - consumed : 0;
-                    }
-                    MGLOG_D("ProgramObject %u: GenerateBinary - uniform '%s' offset=%u stride=%u size=%zu assigned "
-                            "to locations %u..%u",
-                            m_externalIndex, name.c_str(), offset, arrayStride, memberSize, baseLocation,
-                            baseLocation + static_cast<Uint>(elementCount) - 1);
+                    if (m_uniformLocations.find(name) != m_uniformLocations.end()) {
+                        m_uniformOffsets[m_uniformLocations[name]] = offset;
+                        MGLOG_D("ProgramObject %u: GenerateBinary - uniform '%s' offset=%u assigned to location %u",
+                                m_externalIndex, name.c_str(), offset, m_uniformLocations[name]);
+            } else {
+                MGLOG_D("ProgramObject %u: GenerateBinary - uniform '%s' offset=%u but not found in "
+                        "m_uniformLocations",
+                        m_externalIndex, name.c_str(), offset);
+            }
+                }
+                for (const auto& [name, size] : meta.plainUniformMemberSizesInBytes) {
+                    if (m_uniformLocations.find(name) != m_uniformLocations.end()) {
+                        m_uniformSizesInBytes[m_uniformLocations[name]] = size;
+                        MGLOG_D("ProgramObject %u: GenerateBinary - uniform '%s' size=%u assigned to location %u",
+                                m_externalIndex, name.c_str(), size, m_uniformLocations[name]);
+            } else {
+                MGLOG_D("ProgramObject %u: GenerateBinary - uniform '%s' size=%u but not found in "
+                        "m_uniformLocations",
+                        m_externalIndex, name.c_str(), size);
+            }
                }
                MGLOG_D("ProgramObject %u: GenerateBinary - finished parsing module %zu metadata",
                        m_externalIndex, i);
            }
        }
-
-        // Fallback pass: a linked program's active non-opaque uniforms must accept
-        // glUniform*/glGetUniform* even when the optimized SPIR-V no longer contains
-        // them (AggressiveDCE can remove a dead loop together with the only loads of a
-        // uniform -- or the entire global UBO, leaving the scratch unallocated). Hand
-        // such locations CPU-side storage at the (16-byte aligned) tail of the shadow
-        // buffer; backends bind at least the SPIR-V-declared UBO range, and the GPU
-        // never reads these bytes, so this only keeps the GL-visible state coherent.
-        for (Uint location = 0; location <= m_maxUniformLocation; ++location) {
-            if (m_uniformOffsets[location] != kInvalidUniformOffset) continue;
-            if (!IsValidUniformLocation(static_cast<Int>(location))) continue;
-            const auto& uniform = m_program->getUniform(m_uniformIndexInTProgram[location]);
-            const glslang::TType* type = uniform.getType();
-            if (type != nullptr && type->isOpaque()) continue;
-            if (uniform.index >= 0 && uniform.index < m_program->getNumUniformBlocks() &&
-                std::strstr(m_program->getUniformBlock(uniform.index).name.c_str(),
-                            MG_Util::ShaderTranspiler::GLOBAL_UBO_NAME) == nullptr) {
-                // Member of a named uniform block: not settable through glUniform*, so it
-                // needs no global-UBO shadow storage.
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            // std140-style slot: the matrix upload paths write column vectors at
-            // 16-byte strides, so a matrix slot must cover cols * 16 bytes.
-            SizeT slotSize = MG_Util::GetGLTypeSize(uniform.glDefineType);
-            if (type != nullptr && type->isMatrix()) {
-                slotSize = static_cast<SizeT>(type->getMatrixCols()) * 16u;
-            }
-            slotSize = (slotSize + 15u) & ~static_cast<SizeT>(15u);
-            const SizeT slotOffset = (m_globalUboScratch.size() + 15u) & ~static_cast<SizeT>(15u);
-            m_globalUboScratch.resize(slotOffset + slotSize, 0);
-            m_uniformOffsets[location] = static_cast<Uint>(slotOffset);
-            m_uniformSizesInBytes[location] = slotSize;
-            MGLOG_D("ProgramObject %u: GenerateBinary - uniform '%s' location %u has no UBO backing in the "
-                    "generated SPIR-V (optimized out?); allocated %zu fallback bytes at scratch offset %zu",
-                    m_externalIndex, uniform.name.c_str(), location, slotSize, slotOffset);
-        }
    }

    void ProgramObject::WaitUntilGenerationCompleted() const {
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
swung0x48	2eafce6e28	[Fix] (MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler): normalize legacy desktop shaders to GLSL 330	2026-07-16 17:18:07 -04:00
swung0x48	9b7414c0d9	[Fix] (MG_Impl/Texture): support anisotropic sampler parameters	2026-07-16 12:28:05 -04:00
swung0x48	7acfd19582	[Fix] (MG_Backend/DirectVulkan): fix ERROR-level vertex stream build	2026-07-16 12:26:38 -04:00
swung0x48	aa45936f33	[Fix] (MG_Impl/Texture): preserve generated names before first bind	2026-07-16 09:40:21 -04:00
swung0x48	1146188ed4	[Fix] (MG_Util/Texture): infer RGBA8 for packed RGBA uploads	2026-07-16 03:35:50 -04:00