[Refactor] (MG_Backend, MG_Backend/DirectGLES, MG_Backend/DirectVulkan, MG_Impl, MG_Impl/EGLImpl, MG_Impl/GLImpl, MG_Impl/GLXImpl, MG_Pipe, MG_Remote/Client, MG_Remote/Server, MG_Test/Wire): split the server-only and client-only hooks out of BackendObject

- ServerHooks and ClientHooks (BackendRoles.h) hold the virtuals that only the server, or only a client of a remote server, calls, with the defaults they had; BackendObject::AsServer and AsClient return them, or null for a backend without the role - DirectGLES and DirectVulkan implement ServerHooks, BackendObject_Remote implements ClientHooks, and the test doubles that run as a server's backend take the server role - every call site keeps its answer: where no backend and a backend without the role answered differently, the backend check stays and the role check gives the old default - ServerLoop::BackendHooks is the server's accessor, asked at each use - comments that placed the function table in BackendObject.h name BackendFunctions.h
[Refactor] (CMakeLists.txt, MG_Backend, MG_Backend/DirectVulkan, MG_Impl/GLImpl, MG_Impl/Pipe, MG_IntegrationTest/Scenarios, MG_Pipe/generated, MG_Remote/Client, MG_Test/Query, MG_Test/Texture, scripts, scripts/data): move the function table and shared-image types out of BackendObject.h
2026-11-07 01:53:24 +09:00 · 2026-10-17 00:10:31 -04:00 · 2026-10-16 23:30:20 -04:00 · 2026-10-16 16:52:59 -04:00 · 2026-10-16 16:04:48 -04:00 · 2026-10-16 14:47:50 -04:00
2162 changed files with 148885 additions and 392216 deletions
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ description: Bring up, rebuild, deploy, switch backends on, test and debug the "
 # MobileGL on anland KDE Plasma

 **Setting this up on a new machine or phone from source: `reproduce.md` next to this file.**
-Human-readable runbook (Chinese, same content): `docs/Disaggregated/notes/anland/runbook-plasma.md`.
-Background: `docs/Disaggregated/notes/anland/handoff-legacy-mobilegl-unified.md` (state, commits, known
+Human-readable runbook (Chinese, same content): `docs/archive/notes/anland/runbook-plasma.md`.
+Background: `docs/archive/notes/anland/handoff-legacy-mobilegl-unified.md` (state, commits, known
 issues) and `plan-ahb-dmabuf.md` (zero-copy design).  All scripts are in `scripts/` next to this file;
 parameters are documented at the top of each script and in `scripts/env.sh`.

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ nobody else is mid-test.  Use your own `ct.sh` channel names (others use c, c2,
 7. KWin 6.7.4 with anland's `anland` backend renders straight into the anland Android Surface through the server. While the window is not on screen (consumer disconnected) the backend powers its output down (DPMS Off + RenderLoop inhibited: no compositing, no frame callbacks) and back up when the window returns. Every other GL process is `MOBILEGL_IPC_SURFACE=offscreen` and presents through KWin.
 8. Client = `/opt/mobilegl/lib/libMobileGL.so` (glibc aarch64), the container's **system-wide** GL vendor (section below): glvnd EGL vendor `/usr/share/glvnd/egl_vendor.d/10_mobilegl.json` (sorts before the distribution's `50_*.json`, which serves whenever MobileGL declines), GLX vendor `/usr/lib/libGLX_mobilegl.so.0`, settings from `/etc/mobilegl/client.conf` (`MOBILEGL_TRANSPORT=spawn MOBILEGL_IPC_DATA=shm MOBILEGL_IPC_CONTROL=unix:@anland-mobilegl`) + `/etc/mobilegl/backend`. No per-process environment is needed.
 9. Zero-copy windows: client `wl_egl_window` frames are server-allocated AHardwareBuffer "shared images" exported as dma-buf fds over `zwp_linux_dmabuf_v1`; KWin imports them with EGL and the server recognises its own buffer by inode. KWin gets a DRM device via `GBM_BACKEND=mobilegl` -> `/usr/lib/gbm/mobilegl_gbm.so` (node is only an identity, never ioctl'd). Without linux-dmabuf the client falls back to wl_shm readback.
-10. X11 (`docs/Disaggregated/notes/anland/plan-x11-gpu.md`): Xwayland draws with **glamor on MobileGL** (an offscreen session; `GBM_BACKEND=mobilegl` on KWin's render node; window pixmaps are shared images handed to KWin as linux-dmabuf buffers; its `glFlush` publishes them through the server, `/tmp/mgl-xwayland.client.log`); `ANLAND_XWAYLAND_GLAMOR=0` in KWin's drop-in brings back the software `-shm` Xwayland. GLX windows present their frames as shared images through **DRI3 + Present** (log `presented through DRI3+Present shared images`), falling back to readback + MIT-SHM / `xcb_put_image` when the X server has no DRI3 (`MOBILEGL_GLX_PRESENT=readback` forces it per app). Chrome runs ANGLE-GLES over MobileGL EGL with the GPU in its own process (`mobilegl-startup.sh chrome`; `MOBILEGL_CHROME_GPU=in-process` opts out), presenting GBM dma-bufs over linux-dmabuf; after a device loss Chrome restarts that process and repaints.
+10. X11 (`docs/archive/notes/anland/plan-x11-gpu.md`): Xwayland draws with **glamor on MobileGL** (an offscreen session; `GBM_BACKEND=mobilegl` on KWin's render node; window pixmaps are shared images handed to KWin as linux-dmabuf buffers; its `glFlush` publishes them through the server, `/tmp/mgl-xwayland.client.log`); `ANLAND_XWAYLAND_GLAMOR=0` in KWin's drop-in brings back the software `-shm` Xwayland. GLX windows present their frames as shared images through **DRI3 + Present** (log `presented through DRI3+Present shared images`), falling back to readback + MIT-SHM / `xcb_put_image` when the X server has no DRI3 (`MOBILEGL_GLX_PRESENT=readback` forces it per app). Chrome runs ANGLE-GLES over MobileGL EGL with the GPU in its own process (`mobilegl-startup.sh chrome`; `MOBILEGL_CHROME_GPU=in-process` opts out), presenting GBM dma-bufs over linux-dmabuf; after a device loss Chrome restarts that process and repaints.

 ## First-time prerequisites (Windows host)

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ Installed by `xdeploy.sh` (and anland's `anland-build-client.sh`), so any proces

 Precedence is environment > `/etc/mobilegl/backend` (backend only) > client.conf > built-in; `MOBILEGL_CONFIG_FILE` / `MOBILEGL_BACKEND_FILE` name other files (empty = off); a server process never reads them.

-**Fallback.** Before bringing anything up the client probes the configured endpoint (one non-blocking connect, `MOBILEGL_IPC_PROBE_TIMEOUT_MS`, default 250, 0 = off; a refused abstract socket answers in ~0.2 ms). With no server: the EGL vendor returns `EGL_NO_DISPLAY` and no devices (glvnd moves on to the other vendor), the GLX vendor fails `__glx_Main` (libGLX falls back to the vendor Xwayland names), and `mobilegl_gbm` fails `create_device` (libgbm falls back to the device's own backend). Client queries (`eglQueryString(EGL_NO_DISPLAY)`, `eglGetProcAddress`) never bring a session up. MobileGL also steps aside for a GBM device another backend created and for `LIBGL_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE=1` - that is how a software Xwayland (`ANLAND_XWAYLAND_GLAMOR=0`, KWin's patch sets it then) keeps the software stack. MobileGL never opens an X connection to a display its own process serves (`MG_Util/X11/DisplayGuard.h`; `MOBILEGL_X11_DIAL=0` forbids all), which is what made a glamor Xwayland deadlock on itself before. Show it without stopping the real server:
+**Fallback.** Before bringing anything up the client probes the configured endpoint (one non-blocking connect, `MOBILEGL_IPC_PROBE_TIMEOUT_MS`, default 250, 0 = off; a refused abstract socket answers in ~0.2 ms). With no server: the EGL vendor returns `EGL_NO_DISPLAY` and no devices (glvnd moves on to the other vendor), the GLX vendor fails `__glx_Main` (libGLX falls back to the vendor Xwayland names), and `mobilegl_gbm` fails `create_device` (libgbm falls back to the device's own backend). Client queries (`eglQueryString(EGL_NO_DISPLAY)`, `eglGetProcAddress`) never bring a session up. MobileGL also steps aside for a GBM device another backend created. It no longer steps aside for `LIBGL_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE=1` (918d40dd): that is Mesa's software-renderer selection, not a reason to disable MobileGL's entry points, so a process that sets it (a software Xwayland included) is still served by MobileGL while a server answers. MobileGL never opens an X connection to a display its own process serves (`MG_Util/X11/DisplayGuard.h`; `MOBILEGL_X11_DIAL=0` forbids all), which is what made a glamor Xwayland deadlock on itself before. Show it without stopping the real server:
 ```sh
 sed 's|^MOBILEGL_IPC_CONTROL=.*|MOBILEGL_IPC_CONTROL=unix:@nobody|' /etc/mobilegl/client.conf > /tmp/down.conf
 sudo -u swung0x48 env -i HOME=/home/swung0x48 PATH=/usr/bin XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/1000 WAYLAND_DISPLAY=wayland-0 \
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ Reference (glmark2-es2-wayland 1280x720, zero-copy vs wl_shm): Espryt 187 vs 49,
 ## House rules

 - Work in a git worktree, never in the shared main checkout or its build dirs; worktrees need `GIT_LFS_SKIP_SMUDGE=1`.
- Commit with `git commit --no-verify`, one short sentence, **no** `Co-Authored-By` trailer.
+- Commit as `CONTRIBUTING.md` describes (`[Type] (Scope): content`, no trailer), with `git commit --no-verify`.
 - Never run the DirectVulkan integration tests (`ctest -E DirectVulkan`).
 - No external project names ("Mesa", "Zink", ...) in source code or comments; describe the technique.
 - Vendor-agnostic only on the zero-copy path: AHB, EGL_ANDROID_*, VK_ANDROID AHB import, sync_file, dma-buf, libgbm ABI - no kgsl/gralloc layouts/QCOM modifiers.
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
-# x11-verify.sh <step> [...] - device verification of X11 on the GPU (docs/Disaggregated/notes/anland/
+# x11-verify.sh <step> [...] - device verification of X11 on the GPU (docs/archive/notes/anland/
 # plan-x11-gpu.md): Xwayland drawing with glamor on MobileGL, and GLX windows presented through
 # DRI3 + Present from shared images. Steps, in the order a full run takes them:
 #
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Layout-only commits for `git blame` to look past:
+#   git config blame.ignoreRevsFile .git-blame-ignore-revs
+
+# clang-format every C and C++ source
+f4994ee36e3aa2d53c22370e471c976a3fae719f
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+name: Configure Test runner
+description: Select the installed compiler and graphics stack without modifying the host
+inputs:
+  gpu:
+    description: Require the native GPU stack when running on 8845
+    default: "false"
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - shell: bash
+      env:
+        NEED_GPU: ${{ inputs.gpu }}
+      run: |
+        if [ "$RUNNER_ENVIRONMENT" = "self-hosted" ] && [ "$NEED_GPU" = true ]; then
+          for tool in clang clang++ cmake ninja ccache; do command -v "$tool"; done
+          test -r /usr/share/vulkan/icd.d/dzn_icd.json
+          test -e /dev/dxg
+          {
+            echo 'MOBILEGL_CI_NATIVE_GPU=1'
+            echo 'MOBILEGL_CI_CC=clang'
+            echo 'MOBILEGL_CI_CXX=clang++'
+            echo 'MOBILEGL_CI_LLD=ld.lld'
+            echo 'MOBILEGL_CI_SOFTWARE_RENDERING=OFF'
+            echo 'VK_ICD_FILENAMES=/usr/share/vulkan/icd.d/dzn_icd.json'
+            echo 'VK_DRIVER_FILES=/usr/share/vulkan/icd.d/dzn_icd.json'
+            echo 'EGL_PLATFORM=surfaceless'
+            echo 'LIBGL_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE=0'
+            echo 'GALLIUM_DRIVER=d3d12'
+            echo 'MESA_LOADER_DRIVER_OVERRIDE=d3d12'
+          } >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+        else
+          {
+            echo 'MOBILEGL_CI_NATIVE_GPU=0'
+            echo 'MOBILEGL_CI_CC=clang-20'
+            echo 'MOBILEGL_CI_CXX=clang++-20'
+            echo 'MOBILEGL_CI_LLD=ld.lld-20'
+            echo 'MOBILEGL_CI_SOFTWARE_RENDERING=ON'
+            echo 'VK_ICD_FILENAMES=/usr/share/vulkan/icd.d/lvp_icd.json'
+            echo 'VK_DRIVER_FILES=/usr/share/vulkan/icd.d/lvp_icd.json'
+          } >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+        fi
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ require 'key:MOBILEGL_BACKEND_TYPE' "$plugin_resource_text" 'V2 backend variable
 require 'defaultValue:DirectGLES' "$plugin_resource_text" 'V2 DirectGLES default'
 require 'DirectVulkan' "$plugin_resource_text" 'V2 DirectVulkan option'
 require 'key:MOBILEGL_DISABLE_TIMERQUERY' "$plugin_resource_text" 'V2 timer-query toggle'
-require 'key:MOBILEGL_MAGMA_DISABLE_SUBGROUP' "$plugin_resource_text" 'V2 Vulkan subgroup toggle'
+require 'key:MOBILEGL_SUBGROUP_EMULATION' "$plugin_resource_text" 'V2 subgroup emulation setting'
 require 'key:MOBILEGL_MAGMA_R11G11B10F_FALLBACK' "$plugin_resource_text" 'V2 Magma format fallback toggle'
-require 'key:MOBILEGL_MAGMA_FRAMESINFLIGHT' "$plugin_resource_text" 'V2 Magma frames-in-flight setting'
+require 'key:MOBILEGL_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT' "$plugin_resource_text" 'V2 frames-in-flight setting'
 require 'key:MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_AVOID_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MIN_FILTER' "$plugin_resource_text" 'V2 sampler workaround toggle'
 require 'key:MOBILEGL_COHERENT_AS_FLUSH' "$plugin_resource_text" 'V2 coherent-as-flush toggle'
 require 'key:MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_USE_ANGLE' "$plugin_resource_text" 'V2 ANGLE toggle'
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ on:
      # someone remembering to dispatch the workflow by hand.
      - feat/disaggregated
      - codex/fix-github-ci
+      - cleanup
    # A docs-only push builds nothing this workflow tests (231 emulator legs per run). The Test
    # workflow keeps running for docs: it hosts the doc citation lint.
    paths-ignore:
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ jobs:
      CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 4G
      CCACHE_NOHASHDIR: "true"
      MOBILEGL_CMAKE_COMPILER_LAUNCHER: ccache
-      MOBILEGL_CI_DISAGGREGATED: ${{ (github.ref_name == 'feat/disaggregated' || github.ref_name == 'codex/fix-github-ci') && 'ON' || 'OFF' }}
+      MOBILEGL_CI_DISAGGREGATED: ${{ (github.ref_name == 'feat/disaggregated' || github.ref_name == 'codex/fix-github-ci' || github.ref_name == 'cleanup') && 'ON' || 'OFF' }}

    steps:
      - name: Checkout repo
@@ -76,12 +77,25 @@ jobs:
            ${{ runner.os }}-apk-${{ github.job }}-ccache-

      - name: Install ccache
+        timeout-minutes: 45
        run: |
          sudo apt-get update
          sudo apt-get install -y ccache
          ccache --version

      - name: Setup Android SDK
+        id: netsetup84
+        continue-on-error: true
+        timeout-minutes: 15
+        uses: android-actions/setup-android@v4
+        with:
+          accept-android-sdk-licenses: false
+          packages: platform-tools
+          cmdline-tools-version: 13114758
+
+      - name: Setup Android SDK (retry)
+        timeout-minutes: 15
+        if: ${{ steps.netsetup84.outcome == 'failure' }}
        uses: android-actions/setup-android@v4
        with:
          accept-android-sdk-licenses: false
@@ -92,8 +106,13 @@ jobs:
        run: yes | sdkmanager --licenses >/dev/null

      - name: Install Android NDK
+        timeout-minutes: 30
        run: |
-          sdkmanager "ndk;27.3.13750724"
+          for attempt in 1 2 3; do
+            sdkmanager "ndk;27.3.13750724" && break
+            [ "$attempt" = 3 ] && exit 1
+            echo "sdkmanager attempt $attempt failed; retrying"; sleep 20
+          done
          echo "ndk.dir=$ANDROID_HOME/ndk/27.3.13750724" >> android-plugin/local.properties

      - name: Update glslang external sources
@@ -106,7 +125,6 @@ jobs:
          -Pmobilegl.apkSuffix="${GITHUB_SHA}" -Pmobilegl.logLevel=MOBILEGL_LOG_LEVEL_INFO
          -Pmobilegl.buildDisaggregated="${MOBILEGL_CI_DISAGGREGATED}"
          -Pmobilegl.buildDisaggregatedInproc="${MOBILEGL_CI_DISAGGREGATED}"
-          -Pmobilegl.pipePush="${MOBILEGL_CI_DISAGGREGATED}"
          --parallel --max-workers "$(nproc)"
        env:
          SIGNING_STORE_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.SIGNING_STORE_PASSWORD }}
@@ -155,7 +173,6 @@ jobs:
          -Pmobilegl.debuggableRelease=true -Pmobilegl.logLevel=MOBILEGL_LOG_LEVEL_INFO
          -Pmobilegl.buildDisaggregated="${MOBILEGL_CI_DISAGGREGATED}"
          -Pmobilegl.buildDisaggregatedInproc="${MOBILEGL_CI_DISAGGREGATED}"
-          -Pmobilegl.pipePush="${MOBILEGL_CI_DISAGGREGATED}"
          --parallel --max-workers "$(nproc)"
        env:
          SIGNING_STORE_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.SIGNING_STORE_PASSWORD }}
@@ -239,7 +256,7 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    needs: build
    env:
-      MOBILEGL_CI_DISAGGREGATED: ${{ (github.ref_name == 'feat/disaggregated' || github.ref_name == 'codex/fix-github-ci') && 'ON' || 'OFF' }}
+      MOBILEGL_CI_DISAGGREGATED: ${{ (github.ref_name == 'feat/disaggregated' || github.ref_name == 'codex/fix-github-ci' || github.ref_name == 'cleanup') && 'ON' || 'OFF' }}
    outputs:
      android: ${{ steps.trace-cases.outputs.android }}
      names: ${{ steps.trace-cases.outputs.names }}
@@ -336,6 +353,18 @@ jobs:
        uses: actions/checkout@v6

      - name: Setup Android SDK
+        id: netsetup336
+        continue-on-error: true
+        timeout-minutes: 15
+        uses: android-actions/setup-android@v4
+        with:
+          accept-android-sdk-licenses: false
+          packages: platform-tools
+          cmdline-tools-version: 13114758
+
+      - name: Setup Android SDK (retry)
+        timeout-minutes: 15
+        if: ${{ steps.netsetup336.outcome == 'failure' }}
        uses: android-actions/setup-android@v4
        with:
          accept-android-sdk-licenses: false
@@ -415,6 +444,18 @@ jobs:
          echo "EMULATOR_PID_FILE=${RUNNER_TEMP}/mobilegl-emulator.pid" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"

      - name: Setup Android SDK
+        id: netsetup415
+        continue-on-error: true
+        timeout-minutes: 15
+        uses: android-actions/setup-android@v4
+        with:
+          accept-android-sdk-licenses: false
+          packages: platform-tools
+          cmdline-tools-version: 13114758
+
+      - name: Setup Android SDK (retry)
+        timeout-minutes: 15
+        if: ${{ steps.netsetup415.outcome == 'failure' }}
        uses: android-actions/setup-android@v4
        with:
          accept-android-sdk-licenses: false
@@ -472,9 +513,7 @@ jobs:
          MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_USE_ANGLE: ${{ matrix.backend.name == 'DirectGLES' && '1' || '0' }}
          MOBILEGL_TRACE_ANGLE_VARIANT: ${{ matrix.case.name == 'minecraft-1.21.4-fabric-iris-bliss-in-world' && '90a62123d794' || 'ec889e6ea831' }}
          MOBILEGL_MAGMA_R11G11B10F_FALLBACK: ${{ matrix.backend.name == 'DirectVulkan' && '1' || '0' }}
-          MOBILEGL_MAGMA_FIX_ITERATIONRP_SUBGROUP_SCRATCH: ${{ matrix.backend.name == 'DirectVulkan' && matrix.case.name == 'minecraft-1.21.4-fabric-iris-iterationrp-in-world' && '1' || '0' }}
-          MOBILEGL_MAGMA_DERIVE_NUM_SUBGROUPS: ${{ matrix.backend.name == 'DirectVulkan' && matrix.case.name == 'minecraft-1.21.4-fabric-iris-iterationrp-in-world' && '1' || '0' }}
-          MOBILEGL_MAGMA_ITERATIONRP_FIX_BARRIER: ${{ matrix.backend.name == 'DirectVulkan' && matrix.case.name == 'minecraft-1.21.4-fabric-iris-iterationrp-in-world' && '1' || '0' }}
+          MOBILEGL_ITRP_FIX: ${{ matrix.case.name == 'minecraft-1.21.4-fabric-iris-iterationrp-in-world' && 'ForceOn' || 'Auto' }}
        run: |
          apk_file="android-retrace-apks/MobileGL-plugin-trace-release-${GITHUB_SHA}.apk"
          test -f "${apk_file}"
@@ -492,10 +531,11 @@ jobs:
            # MOBILEGL_IPC_SERVER_PATH IS DELIBERATELY ABSENT. nativeLibraryDir carries an
            # install-time hash, so nothing off the device can spell it; TraceReplayActivity
            # resolves it from getApplicationInfo() when the env asks for spawn, and an explicit
-            # value would override that. --use-pbuffer is NOT optional here: until P12 a spawned
-            # server cannot be handed a window at all, because an ANativeWindow* is a pointer
+            # value would override that. --use-pbuffer is NOT optional here: a spawned
+            # server cannot be handed the client's window, because an ANativeWindow* is a pointer
            # into the CLIENT's process and SetWindowHandle is refused on the way across with
-            # Fatal{UnmigratedSurface, "AndroidNativeWindow@P12"} (Rule H).
+            # Fatal{UnmigratedSurface, "AndroidNativeWindow:use-MOBILEGL_IPC_SURFACE=server"} (Rule H, permanent;
+            # a windowed client uses MOBILEGL_IPC_SURFACE=server instead).
            extra_retrace_args+=(
              --env "MOBILEGL_TRANSPORT=spawn;MOBILEGL_IPC_ROLE_SPLIT_STATE=1;MOBILEGL_IPC_STRICT_ERRORS=1;MOBILEGL_IPC_RUN_AHEAD=1;MOBILEGL_GPU_HANG_BUDGET_MS=${MOBILEGL_GPU_HANG_BUDGET_MS}"
              --use-pbuffer
@@ -637,7 +677,7 @@ jobs:
    needs: retrace
    if: always()
    env:
-      MOBILEGL_CI_DISAGGREGATED: ${{ (github.ref_name == 'feat/disaggregated' || github.ref_name == 'codex/fix-github-ci') && 'ON' || 'OFF' }}
+      MOBILEGL_CI_DISAGGREGATED: ${{ (github.ref_name == 'feat/disaggregated' || github.ref_name == 'codex/fix-github-ci' || github.ref_name == 'cleanup') && 'ON' || 'OFF' }}

    steps:
      - name: Checkout repo
@@ -735,7 +775,8 @@ jobs:
          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
        run: |
          # Fail before deletion if either paginated inventory cannot be read.
-          gh api --paginate "repos/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}/actions/runs/${GITHUB_RUN_ID}/jobs?per_page=100" \
+          # 50 rows per page: the jobs endpoint answers HTTP 502 for 90+ rows on a re-run attempt of a run this size.
+          gh api --paginate "repos/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}/actions/runs/${GITHUB_RUN_ID}/jobs?per_page=50" \
            --jq '.jobs[] | select(.name | startswith("retrace (")) | select(.conclusion == "failure" or .conclusion == "cancelled" or .conclusion == "timed_out" or .conclusion == "action_required") | .name' \
            > "${RUNNER_TEMP}/cleanup-jobs.txt"
          gh api --paginate "repos/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}/actions/runs/${GITHUB_RUN_ID}/artifacts?per_page=100" \
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+name: Text hygiene
+
+# CONTRIBUTING.md's checks: the pushed commits' messages, the source-text rules and ratchets,
+# clang-format on each commit's changed lines, and the layering and size ratchets. This is its own
+# workflow without a concurrency group, so a later push never cancels it and every push's commits
+# are checked.
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: ['**']
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  text-hygiene:
+    name: Commit messages and source text
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    env:
+      TEXT_HYGIENE_BASE_BRANCH: feat/disaggregated
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repo
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Install clang-format
+        run: |
+          python3 -m venv "${RUNNER_TEMP}/clang-format"
+          "${RUNNER_TEMP}/clang-format/bin/pip" install --quiet 'clang-format==23.1.3'
+          echo "CLANG_FORMAT=${RUNNER_TEMP}/clang-format/bin/clang-format" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
+      - name: Lint self-test
+        run: |
+          python3 scripts/check_text_hygiene.py self-test
+          python3 scripts/check_structure.py self-test
+      - name: Check commits, source text and formatting
+        run: python3 scripts/check_text_hygiene.py ci
+      - name: Check layering and file and function size
+        if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
+        run: python3 scripts/check_structure.py ci
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-name: Arch WSL GPU smoke
-
-on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - ci/arch-wsl-gpu-runner
-    paths:
-      - .github/workflows/wsl-gpu-smoke.yml
-      - docs/ci/arch-wsl-gpu-runner.md
-
-permissions: {}
-
-concurrency:
-  group: arch-wsl-gpu-smoke
-  cancel-in-progress: false
-
-jobs:
-  gpu-smoke:
-    runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, X64, arch, wsl, gpu, gles, vulkan]
-    timeout-minutes: 5
-    steps:
-      - name: Report runner identity
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          printf 'Runner: %s\n' "$RUNNER_NAME"
-          uname -n
-          uname -a
-      - name: Verify hardware GLES and Vulkan
-        shell: bash
-        run: /usr/local/libexec/mobilegl-runner/gpu-smoke
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Notes for coding agents
+
+Read `CONTRIBUTING.md` before changing anything. Every rule in it applies to agents.
+
+@CONTRIBUTING.md
+
+- Before each commit:
+  1. Stage exactly what you mean to commit (no `git commit -a`).
+  2. Print the scope with `python3 scripts/check_text_hygiene.py scope`.
+  3. Write the message as UTF-8 without a byte-order mark, to a file outside the repository.
+  4. Check it with `python3 scripts/check_text_hygiene.py message <file>`.
+  5. Commit with `git commit -F <file>` once the check passes.
+- On Windows, run `python` instead of `python3`.
+- Do not copy the format of older commits. Much of the history before October 2026 breaks these rules.
+- When you brief a sub-agent, give it the exact commit format and these rules, not a paraphrase.
+- Keep working papers (briefs, reviews, scratch measurements, logs) outside the repository.
+- Add no `Co-Authored-By` or other trailers.
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+@AGENTS.md
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ option(MOBILEGL_IOS               "Build MobileGL for iOS instead of macOS when
 # That emptiness is one of the two byte-level equalities the plan's validation
 # gates keep (section 10.3).
 option(MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED "Build the MG_Remote transport layer (two-process shape)" OFF)
-# The CI / debugging shape (ARCHITECTURE.md:581): both roles in ONE process, talking over the
+# The CI / debugging shape (ARCHITECTURE.md §16): both roles in ONE process, talking over the
 # same SEG_CMD ring and the same G3 codec a spawned server would use. It IMPLIES
 # MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED (below) and additionally admits the role-isolation shims that
 # only make sense when the two roles share an address space. It is a SUPERSET, never a
@@ -31,18 +31,25 @@ option(MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED_INPROC "Compile the in-process (one-process,
 option(MOBILEGL_BUILD_SERVER_SPIKE "Build the P0 spike-A MobileGLServer delivery-chain executable (Android only)" OFF)
 option(MOBILEGL_BUILD_EXTMEM_PROBE "Package tools/spikes/extmem_probe as libMobileGLExtmemProbe.so for the trace APK's exec hook (P11 A3, Android only)" OFF)
 option(MOBILEGL_EXTMEM_PROBE_AS_SERVER "Spike only (P11 B2 step 1): also package the probe as libMobileGLServer.so, the real server as libMobileGLServerReal.so" OFF)
-# The PipeInputs strangler (ARCHITECTURE.md 9.2). OFF is the pull build and must stay
-# byte-identical to a tree without either option: MGB_CTX is the live GLContext, no
-# MGPipe/PipeInputs source is compiled, every MGP_FILL is ((void)0).
-option(MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH "Backends read frontend state through the MGPipe PipeInputs block instead of MG_State::pGLContext (ARCHITECTURE.md 9.2 phase A)" OFF)
-option(MOBILEGL_PIPE_VERIFY "Compile SnapshotFromGLContext() and the G4 per-verb shadow comparator; implies MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH; never shipped" OFF)
-# Track H's old-versus-new arm (ARCHITECTURE.md 9.6). With a MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH bit clear
-# the backend would still run the RE-KEYED memo code, so the bitmask alone stops being a
-# valid A/B the moment a handle wave lands: this option compiles the pre-handle arm - the
-# registries, OwnerEquals, the TwinLookupMemos, g_fbSlotCache, ComputePipelineStateHash,
-# the address-keyed VaoDrawMemo - beside it, behind the same PipeInputs interface. ON for
-# the whole migration window; it retires with the pull path itself at P13.
-option(MOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS "Compile the pre-handle memo arm beside the {slot, gen} arm so Track H has a real A/B (ARCHITECTURE.md 9.6)" ON)
+# The PipeInputs strangler (ARCHITECTURE.md 9.2) is finished: since P13 every build pushes, and
+# there is neither an option nor a macro for it (W3a removed the option, W3b the `#if` guards and
+# the definition). A -DMOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH=OFF (or the OFF that every pre-P13 build tree holds in its
+# cache, the old default) is named and dropped rather than honoured: a warning, not an error, so an
+# existing tree reconfigures. The RUNTIME MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH environment bitmask is unrelated.
+if (DEFINED CACHE{MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH} AND NOT "$CACHE{MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH}")
+    message(WARNING "MobileGL: MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH=OFF asks for the pull build, which P13 retired; "
+                    "ignored - every build pushes now")
+endif()
+unset(MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH CACHE)
+option(MOBILEGL_PIPE_VERIFY "Compile SnapshotFromGLContext() and the G4 per-verb shadow comparator; never shipped" OFF)
+# Track H's old-versus-new arm (ARCHITECTURE.md 9.6) - MOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS - retired with the
+# pull path in P13 W3b: the pre-handle memo arm is no longer compiled anywhere. Named and dropped,
+# like MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH=OFF above (every pre-P13 tree holds the old default ON in its cache).
+if (DEFINED CACHE{MOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS} AND "$CACHE{MOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS}")
+    message(WARNING "MobileGL: MOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS=ON asks for the pre-handle memo arm, "
+                    "which P13 retired; ignored")
+endif()
+unset(MOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS CACHE)
 set(MOBILEGL_LOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL "MOBILEGL_LOG_LEVEL_INFO" CACHE STRING "MobileGL active log level macro")
 set(MOBILEGL_VULKAN_LIBRARY "" CACHE FILEPATH "Vulkan loader/MoltenVK library to link for iOS builds")

@@ -111,12 +118,15 @@ if (ANDROID)
            "(gradle builds get this from minSdk ${MOBILEGL_ANDROID_API_LEVEL}, so "
            "check that minSdk instead of adding an override).")
    elseif (_mobilegl_android_api GREATER MOBILEGL_ANDROID_API_LEVEL)
+        # A higher level is a separate artifact of the SAME source (gradle -Pmobilegl.androidApi=29:
+        # native ELF TLS instead of emulated TLS). Any post-${MOBILEGL_ANDROID_API_LEVEL} API use must
+        # sit behind a compile-time __ANDROID_API__ gate and never replace the API
+        # ${MOBILEGL_ANDROID_API_LEVEL} path; the minSdk-${MOBILEGL_ANDROID_API_LEVEL} build stays the
+        # enforcing compile.
        message(STATUS
            "MobileGL: configuring at Android API ${_mobilegl_android_api} "
-            "(> shipping minimum ${MOBILEGL_ANDROID_API_LEVEL}). Allowed, but the "
-            "tree must not use post-${MOBILEGL_ANDROID_API_LEVEL} APIs - the "
-            "minSdk-${MOBILEGL_ANDROID_API_LEVEL} gradle build is the enforcing "
-            "compile.")
+            "(> shipping minimum ${MOBILEGL_ANDROID_API_LEVEL}): a separate artifact; "
+            "post-${MOBILEGL_ANDROID_API_LEVEL} APIs only behind a compile-time __ANDROID_API__ gate.")
    endif()

    message(STATUS "MobileGL: Android API level ${_mobilegl_android_api}")
@@ -126,13 +136,14 @@ if (ANDROID)
    unset(_mobilegl_api_triple)
 endif()

-option(MOBILEGL_ENABLE_LTO "Build with ThinLTO/IPO" OFF)
+option(MOBILEGL_ENABLE_LTO "Build with ThinLTO/IPO and the release optimization flags" OFF)

 if ((NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug" OR MOBILEGL_FORCE_RELEASE_OPT) AND MOBILEGL_ENABLE_LTO)
    # Check if ThinLTO or LTO is suppported
    include(CheckIPOSupported)
    include(CheckCCompilerFlag)
    include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
+    include(CheckLinkerFlag)

    check_ipo_supported(RESULT LTOSupported OUTPUT LTOError)

@@ -157,11 +168,49 @@ if ((NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug" OR MOBILEGL_FORCE_RELEASE_OPT) AND MO
        message(STATUS "IPO not supported: ${LTOError}")
    endif()

-    if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU|Clang" AND NOT MATCHES "AppleClang")
-        add_compile_options(-O3 -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections)
-        add_link_options(-Wl,--gc-sections)
-    elseif (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "MSVC")
-#        add_compile_options(/O2)
+    # Every flag below is probed first, so a compiler or linker without it simply goes without.
+    # add_compile_options/add_link_options set directory properties, so they act from a function.
+    function(mobilegl_add_compile_flag_if_supported flag)
+        string(MAKE_C_IDENTIFIER "MGL_HAS_C${flag}" c_var)
+        string(MAKE_C_IDENTIFIER "MGL_HAS_CXX${flag}" cxx_var)
+        check_c_compiler_flag("${flag}" ${c_var})
+        check_cxx_compiler_flag("${flag}" ${cxx_var})
+        if (${c_var} AND ${cxx_var})
+            add_compile_options("${flag}")
+        endif()
+    endfunction()
+    function(mobilegl_add_link_flag_if_supported flag)
+        string(MAKE_C_IDENTIFIER "MGL_HAS_LINK${flag}" link_var)
+        check_linker_flag(CXX "${flag}" ${link_var})
+        if (${link_var})
+            add_link_options("${flag}")
+        endif()
+    endfunction()
+
+    if (MSVC)
+        # One COMDAT per function (/Gy) and per datum (/Gw), so /OPT:REF can drop the unreferenced
+        # ones and /OPT:ICF fold the identical ones - the sections/gc/icf trio below, MSVC-spelled.
+        add_compile_options(/Gy /Gw)
+        add_link_options(/OPT:REF /OPT:ICF)
+    elseif (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU|Clang")
+        add_compile_options(-O3)
+        mobilegl_add_compile_flag_if_supported(-ffunction-sections)
+        mobilegl_add_compile_flag_if_supported(-fdata-sections)
+        # Hidden visibility and -Bsymbolic-functions already keep the library's calls inside it;
+        # this lets the optimizer rely on that and inline across what it would otherwise have to
+        # treat as interposable definitions.
+        mobilegl_add_compile_flag_if_supported(-fno-semantic-interposition)
+        if (APPLE)
+            mobilegl_add_link_flag_if_supported(LINKER:-dead_strip)
+        elseif (NOT WIN32)
+            mobilegl_add_link_flag_if_supported(LINKER:--gc-sections)
+            # Calls into libc and the GPU driver load their target from the GOT instead of going
+            # through a PLT stub. Bionic binds everything at load time anyway.
+            mobilegl_add_compile_flag_if_supported(-fno-plt)
+            # Identical code folding (lld, gold). Safe mode never folds a function whose address
+            # is taken, so function-pointer identity holds.
+            mobilegl_add_link_flag_if_supported(LINKER:--icf=safe)
+        endif()
    else ()
        add_compile_options(-O2)
    endif()
@@ -360,6 +409,7 @@ set(SOURCE_FILES
    MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpirvPasses/FlattenFloat64StorageBlockPass.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpirvPasses/LowerDrawParametersPass.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpirvPasses/LowerViewportIndexPass.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpirvPasses/DeferGeometryEmitsPass.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpirvPasses/PackDoubleVertexInputsPass.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpirvPasses/FlattenXfbInterfaceBlocksPass.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpirvPasses/UniquifyIoBlockNamesPass.cpp
@@ -367,6 +417,9 @@ set(SOURCE_FILES
    MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpirvPasses/SplitArrayVertexInputsPass.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpirvPasses/RebaseInstanceIndexPass.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpirvPasses/ZeroBaseVertexPass.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpirvPasses/LowerPixelCenterIntegerPass.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpirvPasses/ZeroLayerOutputPass.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpirvPasses/FullCoverageSampleMaskPass.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpirvPasses/DeriveNumSubgroupsPass.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpirvPasses/FixIterationRPBarrierPass.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpirvPasses/FixIterationRPSubgroupScratchPass.cpp
@@ -399,6 +452,7 @@ set(SOURCE_FILES

    MobileGL/MG_Util/Texture/PixelStoreProcessor.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Util/Texture/TextureFormatProcessor.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Util/Texture/EtcDecoder.cpp

    MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLXImpl/Exporting/Definitions.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLXImpl/Exporting/GlvndVendor.cpp
@@ -421,6 +475,7 @@ set(SOURCE_FILES
    MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Framebuffer/Validators.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Framebuffer/GL_Framebuffer.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Program/GL_Program.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Program/GL_ShaderObjectsARB.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Program/ProgramInterface.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Program/GL_ProgramPipeline.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Texture/GL_Texture.cpp
@@ -441,12 +496,33 @@ set(SOURCE_FILES

    MobileGL/MG_Backend/Init.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Backend/BackendObject.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/BackendFunctions.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/FormatCapabilities.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/ClientReadback.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Backend/GpuHangWatch.cpp

    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/DirectGLES.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/DirectGLESBind.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/DirectGLESBlit.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/DirectGLESBuffers.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/DirectGLESContext.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/DirectGLESCopy.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/DirectGLESDraw.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/DirectGLESReadback.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/DirectGLESSharedImage.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/DirectGLESState.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/DirectGLESSync.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/DirectGLESTextures.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/BackendObject_DirectGLES.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/Utils.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/Managers.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/ManagersBuffers.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/ManagersFramebuffers.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/ManagersPrograms.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/ManagersSamplers.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/ManagersTextureSync.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/ManagersTextures.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/ManagersVertexArrays.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/MultiDraw.cpp

    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/DirectVulkan.cpp
@@ -454,6 +530,19 @@ set(SOURCE_FILES
    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/MagmaSession.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/VmaImpl.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VulkanRenderer.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VulkanRendererCopy.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VulkanRendererDevice.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VulkanRendererDraw.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VulkanRendererPipeline.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VulkanRendererPresent.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VulkanRendererSubmit.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/WireColorBlit.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/WireDepthMipmap.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/WireDraw.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/WireFramebuffer.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/WireMultisampleResolve.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/WireSharedImage.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/WireYuvImage.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/SwapchainObject.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/FrameContext.cpp
    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/PipelineFactory.cpp
@@ -545,63 +634,34 @@ if (MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED AND
    set(MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED_INPROC OFF)
 endif()

-# MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED implies MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH (P5 c0). The split path IS the
-# pushed path: MG_Remote's server decodes records into the MGPipeApply* entry points, which
-# live in MG_Pipe/PipeApply.cpp, which the PIPE_PUSH block below is what compiles. Without
-# this, `-DMOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED=ON` alone configures and then fails to link the
-# applier - and the shape it fails in (MG_Remote compiled, no applier) is indistinguishable
-# at the CMake level from a legitimate transport-only build, which is why it is stated here
-# rather than left to whoever hits the link error. Same normal-variable form as the two
-# implications above.
-if (MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED AND NOT MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH)
-    message(STATUS "MobileGL: MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED=ON forces MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH ON for "
-                   "this configure: the split path decodes into the MGPipe applier, and the "
-                   "applier is what MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH compiles")
-    set(MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH ON)
-endif()
+# P13 W5 (docs/archive/notes/p13/W5-DESIGN.md): the record arm is part of every library - the one without
+# MG_Remote (FCL's) runs it too. Its temporary guard, MOBILEGL_BUILD_RECORD_ARM, was folded away at
+# S8 (scripts/ci/retired_switches.py keeps it from coming back).

-# MOBILEGL_PIPE_VERIFY implies MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH: the comparator compares the pushed block
-# against a snapshot, so there has to be a pushed block. A normal variable, not a forced
-# cache write, for the same reason as the disaggregated fallback above.
-if (MOBILEGL_PIPE_VERIFY AND NOT MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH)
-    message(STATUS "MobileGL: MOBILEGL_PIPE_VERIFY=ON forces MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH ON for this configure")
-    set(MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH ON)
-endif()
-
-# In a pull build the legacy arm is the ONLY arm, so the option cannot be off there.
-# A normal variable, not a forced cache write, for the same reason as the two above.
-if (NOT MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH AND NOT MOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS)
-    message(STATUS "MobileGL: MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH=OFF forces MOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS ON for this "
-                   "configure: with nothing pushed it is the only arm there is")
-    set(MOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS ON)
-endif()
-
-if (MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH)
-    message(STATUS "MobileGL: PipeInputs push ON, appending the MGPipe fill sources")
-    list(APPEND SOURCE_FILES
-        MobileGL/MG_Backend/MGPipe/PipeInputs.cpp
-        MobileGL/MG_Impl/Pipe/PipeFill.cpp
-        # P2's contract: the chunk table and its subset hash, the in-process applier, and
-        # the client's {slot, gen} allocator. All three are push-only, which is how the
-        # pull build gains no symbol from P2 (G1) - a declaration emits nothing.
-        MobileGL/MG_Pipe/MGPipeRenderStateSpans.cpp
-        MobileGL/MG_Pipe/PipeApply.cpp
-        MobileGL/MG_Impl/Pipe/SlotAllocator.cpp
-        # P4a's contract: the reflection-archive serializer over ProgramArtifacts.h's
-        # VisitFields tables. Push-only for the same G1 reason as the three above - in
-        # monolith the archive never crosses (create_shader_state hands the two structs over
-        # by pointer beside the record), so the codec is live code only in the VERIFY lane,
-        # where the applier serialises, deserialises and field-compares before storing.
-        MobileGL/MG_State/GLState/ProgramState/ProgramArtifactsCodec.cpp
-        # P5's contract (integrator ruling R-17, package c1): the MONOLITH arm of the
-        # client->wire routing - the thirty-seven adapters that install gMGPipeScreen /
-        # gMGPipeContext over the MGPipeApply* entry points, and the reply mailbox the four
-        # acceptance rows answer through. Push-only for the same G1 reason as the five above:
-        # the two tables are inline variables that are zero in a pull build and nothing there
-        # can reach a thunk.
-        MobileGL/MG_Pipe/PipeRoute.cpp
-    )
-endif()
+message(STATUS "MobileGL: PipeInputs push ON, appending the MGPipe fill sources")
+list(APPEND SOURCE_FILES
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/MGPipe/PipeInputs.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Impl/Pipe/PipeFill.cpp
+    # P2's contract: the chunk table and its subset hash, the in-process applier, and
+    # the client's {slot, gen} allocator. All three are push-only, which is how the
+    # pull build gains no symbol from P2 (G1) - a declaration emits nothing.
+    MobileGL/MG_Pipe/MGPipeRenderStateSpans.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Pipe/PipeApply.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Impl/Pipe/SlotAllocator.cpp
+    # P4a's contract: the reflection-archive serializer over ProgramArtifacts.h's
+    # VisitFields tables. Push-only for the same G1 reason as the three above - in
+    # monolith the archive never crosses (create_shader_state hands the two structs over
+    # by pointer beside the record), so the codec is live code only in the VERIFY lane,
+    # where the applier serialises, deserialises and field-compares before storing.
+    MobileGL/MG_State/GLState/ProgramState/ProgramArtifactsCodec.cpp
+    # P5's contract (integrator ruling R-17, package c1): the MONOLITH arm of the
+    # client->wire routing - the thirty-seven adapters that install gMGPipeScreen /
+    # gMGPipeContext over the MGPipeApply* entry points, and the reply mailbox the four
+    # acceptance rows answer through. Push-only for the same G1 reason as the five above:
+    # the two tables are inline variables that are zero in a pull build and nothing there
+    # can reach a thunk.
+    MobileGL/MG_Pipe/PipeRoute.cpp
+)

 if (MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED)
    message(STATUS "MobileGL: disaggregated transport ON, appending MG_Remote sources")
@@ -670,7 +730,8 @@ if (MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED)
        # MarkGpuWritten producers are on the server's side of the line, and the
        # block-granularity persistent-map push that tier T2 makes mandatory.
        MobileGL/MG_Remote/Client/GpuWritePending.cpp
-        MobileGL/MG_Remote/Client/PersistentMapTracker.cpp
+        # P13 W5: the adoption tier's verdict (the tracker itself moved to the record arm below).
+        MobileGL/MG_Remote/Client/AdoptTierChoice.cpp
        MobileGL/MG_Remote/Server/ServerSession.cpp
        MobileGL/MG_Remote/Server/PipeApplier.cpp
        MobileGL/MG_Remote/Server/ServerLoop.cpp
@@ -685,7 +746,7 @@ if (MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED)
        # P11 B2: T0's Offers on the aux socket, matched to their map_persistent records by seq.
        MobileGL/MG_Remote/Server/AdoptInbox.cpp
        # Shared images: server-allocated AHardwareBuffers exported to clients as dma-buf descriptors
-        # (docs/Disaggregated/notes/anland/plan-ahb-dmabuf.md).
+        # (docs/archive/notes/anland/plan-ahb-dmabuf.md).
        MobileGL/MG_Remote/Server/SharedImageRegistry.cpp
        MobileGL/MG_Remote/Server/ServerSpawn.cpp
        # P5f fc: the value frame that replaced the control mailbox's function-pointer payload,
@@ -698,14 +759,28 @@ if (MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED)
        MobileGL/MG_Remote/Server/ServerDisplay.cpp
        # Package-neutral C ABI for an APK that owns the server and its ANativeWindow.
        MobileGL/MG_Remote/Server/EmbeddedServer.cpp
-        # P7 gate 5 (g5-msprobe): the Magma wire arm's two multisample depth/stencil resolve
-        # arms and the probe that measures the first against the second, shared by the
-        # renderer's bring-up and the Vulkan POST. Wire-only - the monolith records neither arm -
-        # so it stays out of the pull build (gate G1).
-        MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/WireDepthResolveProbe.cpp
    )
 endif()

+# P13 W5: the record arm's own sources, compiled into every library (MG_Remote or not).
+list(APPEND SOURCE_FILES
+    # P7 gate 5 (g5-msprobe): the Magma wire arm's two multisample depth/stencil resolve
+    # arms and the probe that measures the first against the second, shared by the
+    # renderer's bring-up and the Vulkan POST.
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/WireDepthResolveProbe.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/WireE5RawCopy.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/WireCopySliceProbe.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/WireDiscardStateProbe.cpp
+    # P5 b1: the block-granularity persistent-map push the record arm makes mandatory (T2).
+    MobileGL/MG_State/GLState/BufferState/PersistentMapTracker.cpp
+    # P13 W5: the verb emitters and the monolith verb port, and the client GPU-write set
+    # they mark before a draw or a dispatch (MG_Record; EmitTables.cpp resolves the session).
+    MobileGL/MG_Impl/Pipe/Verb/VerbPort.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Impl/Pipe/Verb/GpuWriteSet.cpp
+    # The record verbs' consumer (ServerVerbSink under a transport is this plus the session's).
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/Record/RecordVerbSink.cpp
+)
+
 if (APPLE AND NOT MOBILEGL_IOS)
    list(APPEND SOURCE_FILES
        MobileGL/MG_Impl/CGLImpl/CGLImpl.cpp
@@ -768,15 +843,9 @@ if (MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED)
    list(APPEND MOBILEGL_COMPILE_DEF -DMOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED=1)
 endif()

-if (MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH)
-    list(APPEND MOBILEGL_COMPILE_DEF -DMOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH=1)
-endif()
 if (MOBILEGL_PIPE_VERIFY)
    list(APPEND MOBILEGL_COMPILE_DEF -DMOBILEGL_PIPE_VERIFY=1)
 endif()
-if (MOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS)
-    list(APPEND MOBILEGL_COMPILE_DEF -DMOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS=1)
-endif()

 message(STATUS "MOBILEGL_COMPILE_DEF=${MOBILEGL_COMPILE_DEF}")

@@ -802,13 +871,87 @@ if (MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED)
    # target, and above all no flatc in the build graph. protocol_generated.h
    # is committed and regenerated by scripts/gen_protocol.py.
    list(APPEND MOBILEGL_INCLUDE_DIR ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/3rdparty/flatbuffers/include)
-    # The vendored glvnd vendor-ABI headers (3rdparty/glvnd): the entry point a vendor library
-    # exposes so the system libEGL - which IS glvnd - can dispatch to it.
-    list(APPEND MOBILEGL_INCLUDE_DIR ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/3rdparty/glvnd/include)
 endif()
+# The vendored glvnd vendor-ABI headers (3rdparty/glvnd): the entry point a vendor library exposes so
+# the system libEGL - which IS glvnd - can dispatch to it. Every build compiles the two GlvndVendor.cpp
+# files, so the path is every build's (P13 W5: the Android library without MG_Remote - FCL's - did not
+# find <glvnd/libeglabi.h>; a Linux host only built because its system has the header).
+list(APPEND MOBILEGL_INCLUDE_DIR ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/3rdparty/glvnd/include)
+
+# ---- P13 W7 (D12): MODULE TARGETS ------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+# One flat SOURCE_FILES list used to feed MobileGL and MobileGL_s separately (every file compiled
+# twice). It is split here into OBJECT libraries along the link ratchet's partition
+# (scripts/link_ratchet.py PARTITION, which is the written form of these boundaries):
+#
+#   mg_util            MG_Util, Init / GlobalObjects / ConfigLoader, MG_Remote/FatalFunnel   SHARED
+#   mg_pipe            MG_Pipe                                                             SERVER
+#   mg_backend         MG_Backend (both backends, the record arm's staged stores)          SERVER
+#   mg_frontend        MG_Impl + MG_State                                                  FRONTEND
+#   mg_remote_transport MG_Remote/{Transport,Protocol,Wire}, CapsCodec                      SERVER
+#   mg_remote_client   MG_Remote/Client                                                    FRONTEND
+#   mg_remote_server   MG_Remote/Server                                                    SERVER
+#
+# Both MobileGL and MobileGL_s link the same objects. mgl_build_iface carries every compile-side
+# usage requirement (include directories, definitions, the link libraries whose headers the
+# sources include), so a property set on it reaches every module and both libraries; a property
+# that only matters at link time may still be set on the libraries themselves.
+add_library(mgl_build_iface INTERFACE)
+target_include_directories(mgl_build_iface INTERFACE ${MOBILEGL_INCLUDE_DIR})
+target_link_libraries(mgl_build_iface INTERFACE ${MOBILEGL_LINK_LIBRARIES})
+target_compile_definitions(mgl_build_iface INTERFACE
+        ${MOBILEGL_COMPILE_DEF}
+        MOBILEGL_LOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL=${MOBILEGL_LOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL}
+        $<$<BOOL:${MOBILEGL_TRACE_ANGLE_VARIANTS}>:MOBILEGL_TRACE_ANGLE_VARIANTS=1>
+)
+
+set(MGL_MODULES util pipe backend frontend remote_transport remote_client remote_server)
+foreach(MGL_MODULE IN LISTS MGL_MODULES)
+    set(MGL_MODULE_SOURCES_${MGL_MODULE})
+endforeach()
+foreach(MGL_SOURCE IN LISTS SOURCE_FILES)
+    if (MGL_SOURCE MATCHES "^MobileGL/MG_Remote/Client/")
+        list(APPEND MGL_MODULE_SOURCES_remote_client ${MGL_SOURCE})
+    elseif (MGL_SOURCE MATCHES "^MobileGL/MG_Remote/Server/")
+        list(APPEND MGL_MODULE_SOURCES_remote_server ${MGL_SOURCE})
+    elseif (MGL_SOURCE MATCHES "^MobileGL/MG_Remote/(Transport|Protocol|Wire)/" OR
+            MGL_SOURCE STREQUAL "MobileGL/MG_Remote/CapsCodec.cpp")
+        list(APPEND MGL_MODULE_SOURCES_remote_transport ${MGL_SOURCE})
+    elseif (MGL_SOURCE MATCHES "^MobileGL/MG_(Impl|State)/")
+        list(APPEND MGL_MODULE_SOURCES_frontend ${MGL_SOURCE})
+    elseif (MGL_SOURCE MATCHES "^MobileGL/MG_Backend/")
+        list(APPEND MGL_MODULE_SOURCES_backend ${MGL_SOURCE})
+    elseif (MGL_SOURCE MATCHES "^MobileGL/MG_Pipe/")
+        list(APPEND MGL_MODULE_SOURCES_pipe ${MGL_SOURCE})
+    else()
+        list(APPEND MGL_MODULE_SOURCES_util ${MGL_SOURCE})
+    endif()
+endforeach()
+
+set(MGL_MODULE_OBJECTS)
+set(MGL_SERVER_MODULE_OBJECTS)
+foreach(MGL_MODULE IN LISTS MGL_MODULES)
+    if (NOT MGL_MODULE_SOURCES_${MGL_MODULE})
+        continue()  # MG_Remote's modules are empty without MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
+    endif()
+    add_library(mg_${MGL_MODULE} OBJECT ${MGL_MODULE_SOURCES_${MGL_MODULE}})
+    target_link_libraries(mg_${MGL_MODULE} PUBLIC mgl_build_iface)
+    set_target_properties(mg_${MGL_MODULE} PROPERTIES POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)
+    if (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
+        set_target_properties(mg_${MGL_MODULE} PROPERTIES
+            C_VISIBILITY_PRESET default CXX_VISIBILITY_PRESET default VISIBILITY_INLINES_HIDDEN OFF)
+    else()
+        set_target_properties(mg_${MGL_MODULE} PROPERTIES
+            C_VISIBILITY_PRESET hidden CXX_VISIBILITY_PRESET hidden VISIBILITY_INLINES_HIDDEN ON)
+    endif()
+    list(APPEND MGL_MODULE_OBJECTS $<TARGET_OBJECTS:mg_${MGL_MODULE}>)
+    if (NOT MGL_MODULE STREQUAL "frontend" AND NOT MGL_MODULE STREQUAL "remote_client")
+        list(APPEND MGL_SERVER_MODULE_OBJECTS $<TARGET_OBJECTS:mg_${MGL_MODULE}>)
+    endif()
+endforeach()

 add_library(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} SHARED
-    ${SOURCE_FILES}
+    ${MGL_MODULE_OBJECTS}
 )

 if (WIN32)
@@ -833,21 +976,7 @@ else()
    )
 endif()

-target_include_directories(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC
-    ${MOBILEGL_INCLUDE_DIR}
-)
-
-target_link_libraries(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}
-    PUBLIC
-    ${MOBILEGL_LINK_LIBRARIES}
-)
-
-target_compile_definitions(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}
-        PUBLIC
-        ${MOBILEGL_COMPILE_DEF}
-        MOBILEGL_LOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL=${MOBILEGL_LOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL}
-        $<$<BOOL:${MOBILEGL_TRACE_ANGLE_VARIANTS}>:MOBILEGL_TRACE_ANGLE_VARIANTS=1>
-)
+target_link_libraries(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC mgl_build_iface)

 if(UNIX AND NOT APPLE AND NOT ANDROID)
    foreach(MOBILEGL_LOADER_ALIAS
@@ -874,8 +1003,8 @@ if(WIN32)
 endif()

 if(NOT ANDROID)
-    add_library(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}_s STATIC 
-        ${SOURCE_FILES}
+    add_library(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}_s STATIC
+        ${MGL_MODULE_OBJECTS}
    )

    if (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
@@ -892,27 +1021,12 @@ if(NOT ANDROID)
        )
    endif()

-    target_include_directories(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}_s PUBLIC
-        ${MOBILEGL_INCLUDE_DIR}
-    )
-
-    target_link_libraries(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}_s
-        PUBLIC
-        ${MOBILEGL_LINK_LIBRARIES}
-    )
-
-    target_compile_definitions(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}_s
-            PUBLIC
-            ${MOBILEGL_COMPILE_DEF}
-            MOBILEGL_LOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL=${MOBILEGL_LOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL}
-    )
+    target_link_libraries(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}_s PUBLIC mgl_build_iface)
 endif()

 if (TRACY_ENABLE)
-    target_link_libraries(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC Tracy::TracyClient)
-    target_link_libraries(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}_s PUBLIC Tracy::TracyClient)
-    target_compile_definitions(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC -DTRACY_ENABLE)
-    target_compile_definitions(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}_s PUBLIC -DTRACY_ENABLE)
+    target_link_libraries(mgl_build_iface INTERFACE Tracy::TracyClient)
+    target_compile_definitions(mgl_build_iface INTERFACE -DTRACY_ENABLE)
 endif ()

 # GLVND, AND WHY THIS IS A LINKER FLAG RATHER THAN A VISIBILITY ONE.
@@ -929,7 +1043,7 @@ if (UNIX AND NOT APPLE)
 endif()

 # ---- Shared images outside GL: the C ABI and the GBM backend (Linux client, split builds) ----
-# docs/Disaggregated/notes/anland/plan-ahb-dmabuf.md. libMobileGL.so exports the shared-image C ABI
+# docs/archive/notes/anland/plan-ahb-dmabuf.md. libMobileGL.so exports the shared-image C ABI
 # (MG_Impl/SharedImageApi.h); mobilegl_gbm.so (MG_Gbm/) is a separate GBM loader module that reaches
 # it through dlsym. Self-contained: nothing outside this block refers to either.
 if (MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED AND UNIX AND NOT APPLE AND NOT ANDROID)
@@ -937,6 +1051,51 @@ if (MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED AND UNIX AND NOT APPLE AND NOT ANDROID)
    add_subdirectory(MobileGL/MG_Gbm)
 endif()

+# ---- P13 W7 (D12): THE SERVER-ONLY LINK CHECK ---------------------------------------------------
+# The server and shared modules linked WITHOUT mg_frontend / mg_remote_client, with --no-undefined:
+# the server half has to link from its own half of the tree. The frontend references it still makes
+# are the link ratchet's baseline, each a named exemption that resolves to an aborting stub through
+# a generated linker response file (scripts/ci/server_link_check.py refuses, before the link, any
+# server reference the baseline does not name). Built with the split shape on Linux hosts; never
+# installed or loaded. NOT in a verify build: the G4 comparator reads both halves by design (its
+# MGPipeVerifyReadHook and the program-artifact codec are frontend code the server half calls), the
+# baseline is the shipped split shape's, and a verify build never ships.
+if (MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED AND NOT MOBILEGL_PIPE_VERIFY AND UNIX AND NOT APPLE AND NOT ANDROID)
+    find_package(Python3 COMPONENTS Interpreter QUIET)
+    if (Python3_Interpreter_FOUND)
+        set(MGL_SERVER_LINK_RSP "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/mgl_server_link_exemptions.rsp")
+        set(MGL_ALL_MODULE_OBJECT_DEPS)
+        foreach(MGL_MODULE IN LISTS MGL_MODULES)
+            if (TARGET mg_${MGL_MODULE})
+                list(APPEND MGL_ALL_MODULE_OBJECT_DEPS $<TARGET_OBJECTS:mg_${MGL_MODULE}>)
+            endif()
+        endforeach()
+        add_custom_command(
+            OUTPUT "${MGL_SERVER_LINK_RSP}"
+            COMMAND "${Python3_EXECUTABLE}" "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/scripts/ci/server_link_check.py"
+                    --build-dir "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}"
+                    --baseline "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/scripts/data/link_ratchet_baseline.txt"
+                    --out "${MGL_SERVER_LINK_RSP}"
+            DEPENDS ${MGL_ALL_MODULE_OBJECT_DEPS}
+                    "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/scripts/ci/server_link_check.py"
+                    "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/scripts/link_ratchet.py"
+                    "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/scripts/data/link_ratchet_baseline.txt"
+            COMMENT "Server-only link check: naming the frontend references the baseline exempts"
+            VERBATIM)
+        add_custom_target(mgl_server_link_exemptions DEPENDS "${MGL_SERVER_LINK_RSP}")
+        add_library(MobileGL_server_linkcheck SHARED
+            ${MGL_SERVER_MODULE_OBJECTS}
+            tools/server_link_check/Exempt.cpp)
+        target_link_libraries(MobileGL_server_linkcheck PRIVATE mgl_build_iface)
+        target_link_options(MobileGL_server_linkcheck PRIVATE
+            "LINKER:--no-undefined" "@${MGL_SERVER_LINK_RSP}")
+        set_property(TARGET MobileGL_server_linkcheck APPEND PROPERTY LINK_DEPENDS "${MGL_SERVER_LINK_RSP}")
+        add_dependencies(MobileGL_server_linkcheck mgl_server_link_exemptions)
+    else()
+        message(STATUS "MobileGL: no Python3 interpreter - the server-only link check target is not configured")
+    endif()
+endif()
+
 if (ANDROID)
    target_link_libraries(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC
        android
@@ -977,7 +1136,7 @@ if (APPLE AND NOT MOBILEGL_IOS)
 endif()

 if (APPLE AND MOBILEGL_IOS)
-    target_compile_definitions(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC MOBILEGL_IOS=1 _LIBCPP_DISABLE_AVAILABILITY)
+    target_compile_definitions(mgl_build_iface INTERFACE MOBILEGL_IOS=1 _LIBCPP_DISABLE_AVAILABILITY)
    target_link_libraries(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC
        "-framework CoreGraphics"
        "-framework Foundation"
@@ -988,7 +1147,6 @@ if (APPLE AND MOBILEGL_IOS)
    endif()

    if(TARGET ${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}_s)
-        target_compile_definitions(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}_s PUBLIC MOBILEGL_IOS=1 _LIBCPP_DISABLE_AVAILABILITY)
        target_link_libraries(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}_s PUBLIC
            "-framework CoreGraphics"
            "-framework Foundation"
@@ -1003,10 +1161,8 @@ endif()
 if (NOT ANDROID AND NOT MOBILEGL_IOS)
    find_package(Vulkan)
    if (Vulkan_FOUND)
-        target_link_libraries(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC Vulkan::Vulkan Vulkan::Headers)
-        target_link_libraries(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}_s PUBLIC Vulkan::Vulkan Vulkan::Headers)
-        target_include_directories(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC ${Vulkan_INCLUDE_DIR})
-        target_include_directories(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}_s PUBLIC ${Vulkan_INCLUDE_DIR})
+        target_link_libraries(mgl_build_iface INTERFACE Vulkan::Vulkan Vulkan::Headers)
+        target_include_directories(mgl_build_iface INTERFACE ${Vulkan_INCLUDE_DIR})
    endif ()
 endif ()

@@ -1082,7 +1238,7 @@ endif()
 # P0 spike, which links no MobileGL library and exists only to prove the Android
 # delivery chain - this one links the library and runs mobilegl_server_main.
 #
-# ARCHITECTURE.md:496 called for a ~30-line stub that dlopen's libMobileGL.so and
+# ARCHITECTURE.md §15.2 called for a ~30-line stub that dlopen's libMobileGL.so and
 # dlsym's the entry point, so one shared library serves both roles. On a desktop
 # configure we link it directly instead: there is no APK packaging rule to satisfy
 # and a direct link is what makes an undefined symbol a BUILD error rather than a
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+# Contributing to MobileGL
+
+These rules keep the code and its history readable. `scripts/check_text_hygiene.py` checks the ones listed under [Checks](#checks); the rest rely on review.
+
+Commands below use `python3`. On Windows, run `python` instead.
+
+## Commit messages
+
+```
+[Type] (Scope): content
+
+- Detail 1
+- Detail 2
+```
+
+- **Subject only by default.** Add `- ` detail lines only when a detail really needs to be in the commit message. Leave one blank line after the subject. A detail that wraps continues on at most two lines indented by two spaces. No paragraphs and no trailers.
+- **Content** after `): ` is at most 72 characters of plain English in the imperative mood ("flush once per frame", not "flushes" or "flushed").
+- **Type** is one or more of these, comma-separated (`[Fix, Test]`):
+  - `Feat`: new behaviour.
+  - `Fix`: corrects behaviour.
+  - `Perf`: faster or lighter, same behaviour.
+  - `Refactor`: restructures code, same behaviour.
+  - `Test`: tests only.
+  - `Docs`: documentation and comments only.
+  - `Build`: CMake, Gradle, toolchains.
+  - `CI`: workflows and CI scripts.
+  - `Chore`: housekeeping such as headers, file moves and dead files.
+  - `Tools`: developer tools under `tools/` and `scripts/`.
+- **Scope** is each changed path without a leading `MobileGL/`, cut to its first two parts: `MG_Backend/DirectGLES`, `MG_Test/Wire`, `scripts/ci`, `docs/Disaggregated`.
+  - A shorter path is used whole: `MG_Backend` for a file directly in a subsystem, `scripts` for a file directly in `scripts/`, and the file name for a file at the repository root (`CMakeLists.txt`).
+  - A file directly in `MobileGL/` uses `MobileGL`, and a submodule uses its path (`3rdparty/glslang`).
+  - List every scope the commit touches, comma-separated: `(MG_Backend/DirectGLES, MG_Test/Wire)`.
+  - `python3 scripts/check_text_hygiene.py scope` prints the scope for the staged changes.
+- **No** planning ids (phase or decision codes such as `P13` or `ID-54`), local paths, external project names or non-English text anywhere in the message.
+- **Merges** use `[Merge] (area): what the merge takes`. The scope is free text there. Write the subject yourself, since git's default merge message fails the check. The commits a merge brings in are not checked again.
+- **Reverts** use `[Fix] (Scope): revert <the reverted subject>`.
+
+Example:
+
+```
+[Perf] (MG_Backend/DirectGLES): flush once per frame before the window pass
+```
+
+## Comments, strings and documentation
+
+- Code, comments, log strings and commit messages are in English. Documentation may be in Chinese or English.
+- A comment states what the code does now and why, in a few lines. Rationale longer than about 15 lines belongs in a design document under `docs/`, with a one-line pointer in the code.
+- In code and comments, cite a symbol, file or section, never a line number: `ARCHITECTURE.md §1.3`, `VulkanRenderer::BeginFrame()`. Documents may keep `file:line` citations; the documentation citation check resolves them.
+- State the rule, not its history. No "previously" or "after review", and no planning ids in comments, strings, identifiers or file names.
+- Plain wording, without ALL-CAPS emphasis.
+- In code and comments (C, C++, GLSL, CMake, shell, Python, YAML), do not name external projects such as Mesa, Zink or gallium; describe the technique instead. Naming the driver or hardware where a behaviour was observed (llvmpipe, ANGLE, Adreno, Mali) is fine, and so are file, package and extension names that contain these words (`50_mesa.json`, `GL_MESA_*`).
+
+## Code
+
+- C and C++ sources are formatted with `.clang-format`, using clang-format 23. Install it with `pip install 'clang-format==23.1.3'`. `git clang-format <base>` from the same package formats the lines changed since `<base>`, and `scripts/format_code.sh` formats every file the check covers. The tree is already formatted, so neither touches lines you did not change.
+- The commit that reformatted the whole tree is listed in `.git-blame-ignore-revs`. Run `git config blame.ignoreRevsFile .git-blame-ignore-revs` once so that `git blame` looks past it.
+- `.inc` files are fragments included in the middle of a `.cpp` file, inside a namespace, or are generated tables. clang-format cannot format them on their own, so the check skips them. Match the indentation of the file that includes them. The check also skips generated files and the GL export table, `MG_Impl/GLImpl/Exporting/Definitions.cpp`.
+- Text files are UTF-8.
+- These source files under `MobileGL/`, `scripts/` and `tools/` start with the license header:
+  - C, C++, `.inc`, GLSL, Java and JavaScript modules, with `//` comments;
+  - Python, shell, CMake modules and `CMakeLists.txt`, with `#` comments.
+  - Generated files and files under another license are exempt. `python3 scripts/update-source-file-header.py` adds the header.
+- Keep files to about 3,000 lines and functions to about 300 lines.
+- Modules are layered. A file includes files of its own layer and of the layers below it, never above:
+  1. the root headers (`Includes.h`, `Config.h`), `MG_Util` and `MG_State`;
+  2. `MG_Pipe`;
+  3. `MG_Backend`, `MG_Remote` and `MG_Impl`;
+  4. the root `.cpp` files and `MG_Gbm`;
+  5. `MG_Test`, `MG_IntegrationTest` and `MG_Benchmark`.
+- Each backend is isolated. Files under `MG_Backend/DirectGLES/` or `MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/` are included only by the same backend, by the registry files directly in `MG_Backend/`, by the root `.cpp` files and by tests.
+- Platform-specific APIs stay behind an abstraction, never raw in logic code.
+- A fix that restores intended behaviour ships unconditionally. Add a switch only for a real trade-off.
+- A cache keyed on object identity uses a monotonic lifetime id, never a GL name or a pointer, because both are recycled.
+
+## What goes in the repository
+
+- Source, tests, build files and maintained documentation.
+- Generated code, only together with a CI step that regenerates it and fails on any difference.
+- Binary test fixtures.
+- Not raw logs, and not working papers such as agent briefs, review rounds and drafts. Keep those outside the repository and commit the conclusion: a design-document change, a `DEBTS.md` entry, a measurement under `docs/Performance`.
+- `docs/archive/` keeps the planning notes and agent contracts of the disaggregation work as they were. It is frozen: no file there is added, edited or removed.
+
+## Checks
+
+`python3 scripts/check_text_hygiene.py ci` runs what CI runs. It checks the commits on the branch's own line of history since the check was added. The base branch it compares with is `feat/disaggregated`, which you can change with `TEXT_HYGIENE_BASE_BRANCH`.
+
+These fail on any violation:
+
+- commit messages, as described above;
+- a new file under `docs/Disaggregated/notes/` or a new `.log` file (moving a file is not adding it);
+- any change under `docs/archive/`;
+- a missing or wrong license header;
+- a text file that is not UTF-8;
+- an external project name in a comment;
+- a `file:line` citation in code that points past the end of the file;
+- changed lines that clang-format would change (a line moved unchanged, the same commit removing its exact text elsewhere, is not a changed line).
+
+These are ratchets: each total may only go down.
+
+- planning ids in comments;
+- comment lines beyond 15 in a block;
+- ALL-CAPS comment lines;
+- non-English comment lines;
+- line-number citations in code.
+
+`python3 scripts/check_text_hygiene.py tree --update-baseline` lowers `scripts/data/text_hygiene_baseline.json` after a cleanup. It never raises it, and CI rejects a raised baseline.
+
+`python3 scripts/check_structure.py ci` checks three more ratchets over the C and C++ sources under `MobileGL/`, against `scripts/data/structure_baseline.json`:
+
+- includes that break the layering or the backend isolation above;
+- lines beyond 3,000 in a file;
+- lines beyond 300 in a function body.
+
+`python3 scripts/check_structure.py report` lists what each total counts, and `tree --update-baseline` lowers the baseline the same way.
+
+Not checked by CI: the platform, switch and lifetime-id rules, planning ids outside comments, English outside comments, and the regeneration step for generated code.
@@ -0,0 +1,422 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/BackendCaps.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#pragma once
+#include <Includes.h>
+#include <MG_State/GLState/TextureState/TextureEnum.h>
+
+// The vocabulary every layer uses to talk about a backend's capabilities: which backend it is,
+// what each texture format supports, and the probed limits and features. It holds values only;
+// the backend itself is MG_Backend/BackendObject.h.
+namespace MobileGL {
+    enum class BackendType {
+        DirectGLES,
+        DirectVulkan,
+        BackendTypeCount,
+        Unknown = -1
+    };
+
+    namespace MG_Backend {
+        enum class FormatCapability : Uint64 {
+            Creatable = 1ull << 0,
+
+            Sampled = 1ull << 1,
+            LinearFilter = 1ull << 2,
+            GenerateMipmap = 1ull << 3,
+            TextureGather = 1ull << 4,
+            TextureShadow = 1ull << 5,
+
+            FramebufferRenderable = 1ull << 6,
+            FramebufferLayered = 1ull << 7,
+            MultisampleTexture = 1ull << 8,
+            MultisampleRenderbuffer = 1ull << 9,
+
+            ColorAttachment = 1ull << 10,
+            DepthAttachment = 1ull << 11,
+            StencilAttachment = 1ull << 12,
+
+            TextureBuffer = 1ull << 13
+        };
+
+        using FormatCapabilityFlags = Flags<FormatCapability>;
+
+        inline constexpr Array<FormatCapability, 14> kReportedFormatCapabilities = {
+            FormatCapability::Creatable,
+            FormatCapability::Sampled,
+            FormatCapability::LinearFilter,
+            FormatCapability::GenerateMipmap,
+            FormatCapability::TextureGather,
+            FormatCapability::TextureShadow,
+            FormatCapability::FramebufferRenderable,
+            FormatCapability::FramebufferLayered,
+            FormatCapability::MultisampleTexture,
+            FormatCapability::MultisampleRenderbuffer,
+            FormatCapability::ColorAttachment,
+            FormatCapability::DepthAttachment,
+            FormatCapability::StencilAttachment,
+            FormatCapability::TextureBuffer,
+        };
+
+        inline constexpr SizeT kFormatCapabilityTextureTargetCount =
+            static_cast<SizeT>(TextureTarget::TextureTargetCount);
+        inline constexpr SizeT kFormatCapabilityRenderbufferTargetIndex = kFormatCapabilityTextureTargetCount;
+        inline constexpr SizeT kFormatCapabilityTargetCount = kFormatCapabilityTextureTargetCount + 1;
+        inline constexpr SizeT kFormatCapabilityFormatCount =
+            static_cast<SizeT>(TextureInternalFormat::TextureInternalFormatCount);
+
+        using FormatCapabilityTable =
+            Array<Array<FormatCapabilityFlags, kFormatCapabilityFormatCount>, kFormatCapabilityTargetCount>;
+        using FormatSampleCountTable =
+            Array<Array<Vector<Int>, kFormatCapabilityFormatCount>, kFormatCapabilityTargetCount>;
+
+        struct FormatCapabilityCache {
+            FormatCapabilityTable FullCaps{};
+            FormatCapabilityTable CaveatCaps{};
+            FormatSampleCountTable SampleCounts{};
+
+            void Clear();
+        };
+
+        Bool HasFormatCapability(FormatCapabilityFlags caps, FormatCapability capability);
+        SizeT GetFormatCapabilityTargetIndex(TextureTarget target);
+        SizeT GetRenderbufferFormatCapabilityTargetIndex();
+        const char* GetFormatCapabilityName(FormatCapability capability);
+        String GetFormatCapabilityTargetName(SizeT targetIndex);
+        void PrintFormatCapabilities(const FormatCapabilityCache& cache);
+
+        // Device features that decide whether an extension string may be advertised, beyond the
+        // per-backend positional flags of BuildAdvertisedExtensions. Each is the PROBED driver
+        // capability (an ES version / extension on DirectGLES, a VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures bit on
+        // DirectVulkan), never a vendor guess. Defaults describe the no-device case.
+        struct AdvertisedFeatureSupport {
+            // ES 3.2 or GL_EXT_tessellation_shader; VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures::tessellationShader.
+            Bool TessellationShader = false;
+            // At least one cull distance: GL_EXT_clip_cull_distance with a non-zero
+            // GL_MAX_CULL_DISTANCES; VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures::shaderCullDistance with a non-zero
+            // maxCullDistances.
+            Bool CullDistance = false;
+            // GL_EXT_clip_control on DirectGLES. DirectVulkan applies clip control in its own
+            // position fixup and does not read this.
+            Bool ClipControl = false;
+        };
+
+        // Coarse GPU vendor identity for gating device-specific quirks. Detected from the
+        // Vulkan physical-device vendorID or the GLES GL_VENDOR/GL_RENDERER strings; stays
+        // Unknown when detection is inconclusive, in which case auto-gated quirks stay off.
+        enum class GpuVendorKind : Uint8 {
+            Unknown = 0,
+            Qualcomm,
+            Arm,
+            Nvidia,
+            Amd,
+            Intel,
+            ImgTec,
+            // Software rasterizers (llvmpipe/lavapipe, SwiftShader).
+            Software,
+        };
+
+        struct DynamicBackendParameters {
+            Uint64 UniformBufferOffsetAlignment = 256;
+            // GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER_OFFSET_ALIGNMENT, which is a SEPARATE limit from the
+            // uniform one and is routinely larger: Adreno 830 reports 32 for uniform buffers and
+            // 64 for storage buffers. Answering the storage query with the uniform value let an
+            // application bind a storage range at an offset the driver cannot address, which it
+            // accepted without error and then wrote somewhere else entirely.
+            Uint64 ShaderStorageBufferOffsetAlignment = 256;
+            // GL_MAX_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY_EXT. 1.0 means the backend cannot filter anisotropically,
+            // which is also why the extension is not advertised in that case.
+            Float MaxTextureMaxAnisotropy = 1.0f;
+            Float AliasedLineWidthRangeMin = 1.0f;
+            Float AliasedLineWidthRangeMax = 1.0f;
+            Float SmoothLineWidthRangeMin = 1.0f;
+            Float SmoothLineWidthRangeMax = 1.0f;
+            Float SmoothLineWidthGranularity = 1.0f;
+            Float PointSizeRangeMin = 1.0f;
+            Float PointSizeRangeMax = 1.0f;
+            Float PointSizeGranularity = 1.0f;
+            Int Max3DTextureSize = 16384;
+            Int MaxArrayTextureLayers = 2048;
+            Int MaxCubeMapTextureSize = 16384;
+            Int MaxFramebufferWidth = 16384;
+            Int MaxFramebufferHeight = 16384;
+            Int MaxFramebufferLayers = 2048;
+            Int MaxRenderbufferSize = 16384;
+            Int MaxTextureSize = 16384;
+            Int MaxColorTextureSamples = 1;
+            Int MaxDepthTextureSamples = 1;
+            Int MaxFramebufferSamples = 1;
+            Int MaxIntegerSamples = 1;
+            Int MaxSamples = 1;
+            Int MaxSampleMaskWords = 1;
+            // Tessellation limits; defaults are the GL 4.0 core minimums.
+            Int MaxPatchVertices = 32;
+            Int MaxTessGenLevel = 64;
+            // GL_MIN/MAX_PROGRAM_TEXTURE_GATHER_OFFSET. Defaults are the GL 4.0 core
+            // minimums, which every ES 3.1 driver also guarantees.
+            Int MinProgramTextureGatherOffset = -8;
+            Int MaxProgramTextureGatherOffset = 7;
+            Int MaxTextureImageUnits = 32;
+            Int MaxVertexTextureImageUnits = 32;
+            Int MaxComputeTextureImageUnits = 32;
+            Int MaxCombinedTextureImageUnits = 192;
+            Int MaxVertexAttribs = 16;
+            Int MaxComputeShaderStorageBlocks = 8;
+            Int MaxCombinedShaderStorageBlocks = 32;
+            // Per-stage GL_MAX_*_SHADER_STORAGE_BLOCKS. Zero is a legal answer for the four
+            // non-compute, non-fragment stages and these defaults are the spec minimums, not
+            // placeholders: GL 4.6 table 23.64 and ES 3.2 table 21.44 both set the minimum for
+            // vertex, tessellation control, tessellation evaluation and geometry at 0, and only
+            // fragment (8 in GL, 4 in ES) and compute are guaranteed to have any. Every real ARM
+            // GLES driver takes that allowance - a Mali-G925 reports 0 for all four - so a
+            // backend that cannot honour a graphics-stage storage block MUST report 0 here
+            // rather than a hopeful number. Advertising a non-zero count the driver will refuse
+            // does not make the block work; it only moves the failure from an honest
+            // "unsupported" at query time to a backend link error the frontend never surfaces,
+            // after which every draw with that program silently renders nothing.
+            Int MaxVertexShaderStorageBlocks = 0;
+            Int MaxTessControlShaderStorageBlocks = 0;
+            Int MaxTessEvaluationShaderStorageBlocks = 0;
+            Int MaxGeometryShaderStorageBlocks = 0;
+            Int MaxFragmentShaderStorageBlocks = 8;
+            Int MaxComputeUniformBlocks = 12;
+            Int MaxComputeWorkGroupInvocations = 128;
+            // GL_MAX_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_COUNT / GL_MAX_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_SIZE, one value per
+            // axis. These six, with the invocations limit above, are the only indexed limits a
+            // backend genuinely OWNS - the device answers them (glGetIntegeri_v on DirectGLES,
+            // VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::maxComputeWorkGroupCount/Size on DirectVulkan) - and so
+            // the only ones that survive the retirement of the GetIntegeri_v table entry: they
+            // cross the MGPipe boundary inside MGPCaps, by inclusion of this struct (plan B
+            // section 4.4.1). Every other indexed pname names frontend state. RAW driver
+            // answers, like the invocations limit: GL_Getter and the compile environment floor
+            // them at the shared MIN_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_* minimums themselves. The defaults are
+            // the GL 4.3 core minimums (table 23.60) and describe the no-backend case, as
+            // MaxClipDistances' does.
+            Int MaxComputeWorkGroupCount[3] = {65535, 65535, 65535};
+            Int MaxComputeWorkGroupSize[3] = {1024, 1024, 64};
+            Int MaxShaderStorageBufferBindings = 8;
+            Int MaxTextureBufferSize = 65536;
+            // GL_TEXTURE_BUFFER_OFFSET_ALIGNMENT; 1 means the offset is unconstrained.
+            Int TextureBufferOffsetAlignment = 1;
+            Int MaxUniformBufferBindings = 24;
+            Int MaxUniformBlockSize = 16384;
+            Int MaxImageUnits = 8;
+            Int MaxCombinedImageUniforms = 8;
+            Int MaxVertexImageUniforms = 0;
+            Int MaxTessControlImageUniforms = 0;
+            Int MaxTessEvaluationImageUniforms = 0;
+            Int MaxGeometryImageUniforms = 0;
+            Int MaxFragmentImageUniforms = 8;
+            Int MaxComputeImageUniforms = 8;
+            Int MaxDrawBuffers = 8;
+            Int MaxColorAttachments = 8;
+            // GL_MAX_CLIP_DISTANCES. Zero is a legal answer here, not a placeholder, and a
+            // backend that cannot host a clip distance MUST report it: advertising eight the
+            // backend will refuse does not make gl_ClipDistance work, it only moves the failure
+            // from an honest "unsupported" at query time to a backend shader-compile error the
+            // frontend never surfaces, after which every draw with that program silently renders
+            // nothing. DirectGLES fills it from GL_EXT_clip_cull_distance, DirectVulkan from the
+            // shaderClipDistance device feature. The DEFAULT stays at the GL 4.3 core minimum
+            // because it describes the no-backend case (standalone shader compiles, unit tests),
+            // where there is no device to be honest about and BuildTBuiltInResource still has to
+            // hand glslang a workable gl_MaxClipDistances.
+            Int MaxClipDistances = 8;
+            // GL_MAX_CULL_DISTANCES and GL_MAX_COMBINED_CLIP_AND_CULL_DISTANCES, under exactly
+            // the contract stated for MaxClipDistances above: ZERO IS A LEGAL ANSWER and a
+            // backend that cannot host a cull distance MUST report it. The failure this prevents
+            // is worse than the clip one, because cull distance discards the whole primitive:
+            // glslang bounds gl_CullDistance[i] against maxCullDistances and expands
+            // gl_MaxCullDistances from it, SPIRV-Cross then emits
+            // `#extension GL_EXT_clip_cull_distance : require` into the ESSL, and a host driver
+            // without that extension rejects the program in an info log nobody surfaces. These
+            // used to be bare 8s inside BuildTBuiltInResource with no backend consulted at all.
+            // The DEFAULTS are the GL 4.5 core minimums for the same reason MaxClipDistances'
+            // is: they describe the no-backend case (standalone compiles, unit tests).
+            Int MaxCullDistances = 8;
+            Int MaxCombinedClipAndCullDistances = 8;
+            Int MaxViewports = 16;
+            // GL_LAYER_PROVOKING_VERTEX / GL_VIEWPORT_INDEX_PROVOKING_VERTEX: which vertex of a
+            // primitive supplies gl_Layer and gl_ViewportIndex. GL 4.6 table 23.65 makes
+            // GL_UNDEFINED_VERTEX a legal answer for both, and it is the honest default - naming
+            // a convention is a statement about behaviour, so a backend that does not pin one
+            // must not claim it does. DirectGLES fills the layer one from the ES 3.2 query and
+            // the viewport one from GL_OES_viewport_array, and leaves UNDEFINED where the
+            // capability is absent: without the viewport array extension only viewport 0 is ever
+            // rasterized, so no convention selects anything. DirectVulkan keeps UNDEFINED for
+            // both - which vertex provokes is decided per pipeline by
+            // VulkanRenderer::SelectProvokingVertexMode out of VK_EXT_provoking_vertex,
+            // provokingVertexModePerPipeline and the topology, so no single convention is true
+            // of the backend.
+            Uint32 LayerProvokingVertex = GL_UNDEFINED_VERTEX;
+            Uint32 ViewportIndexProvokingVertex = GL_UNDEFINED_VERTEX;
+            Int MaxViewportWidth = 16384;
+            Int MaxViewportHeight = 16384;
+            Float ViewportBoundsRangeMin = 0.0f;
+            Float ViewportBoundsRangeMax = 0.0f;
+            Int ViewportSubpixelBits = 0;
+            // GL 4.x fragment-interpolation offset limits. These defaults are the
+            // core minimums and are replaced by live GLES/Vulkan device limits.
+            Float MinFragmentInterpolationOffset = -0.5f;
+            // For four fractional bits the greatest required legal offset is
+            // 0.5 - 2^-4 = 0.4375 (GL 4.6 table 23.70).
+            Float MaxFragmentInterpolationOffset = 0.4375f;
+            Int FragmentInterpolationOffsetBits = 4;
+            Bool SupportsWideLines = false;
+            // Whether a framebuffer whose depth and stencil attachments are distinct
+            // images can be rendered to. GL only requires support when both refer to the
+            // same image and lets an implementation answer GL_FRAMEBUFFER_UNSUPPORTED
+            // otherwise, which is what DirectVulkan (one combined attachment) and the
+            // real ES drivers behind DirectGLES both do. Defaults to true so a backend
+            // that never sets it keeps the permissive behaviour.
+            Bool SupportsDistinctDepthStencilAttachments = true;
+            // Whether attaching a single layer of a 3D or array texture to a framebuffer actually
+            // renders to that layer. DirectGLES hands the layer straight to
+            // glFramebufferTextureLayer, so it does; DirectVulkan maps a GL layer onto a Vulkan
+            // array layer with no notion of a 3D depth slice, so it does not yet. Defaults to false
+            // so a backend that never sets it gets the conservative answer.
+            // Which layered texture targets this backend can attach ONE layer of to a framebuffer
+            // and then really clear, render and read back that layer. Bit (1u << TextureTarget) is
+            // set for each supported target. Deliberately per target rather than one flag: the three
+            // ways a GL layer maps onto Vulkan are independent capabilities. A 2D or 2D multisample
+            // array layer IS a VkImage array layer and needs nothing extra; a 3D texture's layer is
+            // a z slice, which needs a 2D-array-compatible image and a per-slice clear that
+            // vkCmdClearColorImage cannot express; a cube map array needs an image shape and the
+            // imageCubeArray feature before it can be attached at any layer at all. Defaults to 0 so
+            // a backend that never sets it gets the conservative answer.
+            Uint32 PerLayerFramebufferAttachmentTargets = 0;
+
+            static constexpr Uint32 PerLayerFramebufferAttachmentBit(TextureTarget target) {
+                return (static_cast<Int>(target) >= 0 &&
+                        static_cast<Int>(target) < static_cast<Int>(TextureTarget::TextureTargetCount))
+                           ? (1u << static_cast<Uint32>(target))
+                           : 0u;
+            }
+
+            Bool SupportsPerLayerFramebufferAttachment(TextureTarget target) const {
+                const Uint32 bit = PerLayerFramebufferAttachmentBit(target);
+                return bit != 0 && (PerLayerFramebufferAttachmentTargets & bit) != 0;
+            }
+            // Whether this backend can CONSUME a shader module that still declares 64-bit floats,
+            // i.e. whether `double` survives the transpile instead of being narrowed to `float`
+            // (ShaderTranspiler::DemoteFloat64Pass). Detected, never assumed:
+            //   * DirectVulkan sets it from VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures::shaderFloat64, the feature
+            //     VUID-VkShaderModuleCreateInfo-pCode-08740 requires before a module declaring
+            //     OpCapability Float64 may be created at all. lavapipe has it; Adreno and Mali
+            //     both report VK_FALSE, so no real mobile device does.
+            //   * DirectGLES can NEVER have it. GLSL ES has no 64-bit float type in any version
+            //     or extension, so SPIRV-Cross cannot emit one ("FP64 not supported in ES
+            //     profile") and the demotion there is mathematically mandatory, always.
+            // Defaults to false so a backend that never sets it - and the no-backend case, which
+            // is what standalone shader compiles and the unit tests run under - keeps the
+            // demotion, which is the behaviour that works everywhere.
+            Bool SupportsShaderFloat64 = false;
+            // Whether glVertexAttribLFormat / glVertexArrayAttribLFormat can be honoured, i.e.
+            // whether a 64-bit vertex attribute can actually reach a shader unconverted. Detected,
+            // never assumed: DirectVulkan needs VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures::shaderFloat64 (the
+            // attribute travels as its 32-bit word pair, so no VK_FORMAT_R64* is required, but the
+            // bitcast result is Float64); DirectGLES can never have it, ESSL having no fp64 type at
+            // all. Defaults to false so a backend that never sets it gets the conservative answer.
+            //
+            // INDEPENDENT of SupportsShaderFloat64, and it has to be: this flag decides a VkFormat
+            // from the VAO ATTRIBUTE alone, which does not know what type the shader declared, and
+            // glVertexAttribFormat(GL_DOUBLE) feeding a plain `in vec4` is both legal and common
+            // (KHR-GL43.vertex_attrib_binding.basic-input-case4/5, advanced-bindingUpdate). A
+            // backend with native fp64 that still cannot FETCH 64 bits keeps this false and relies
+            // on the per-MODULE rule in ShaderCompiler::SanitizeAndOptimizeBinary instead: a vertex
+            // module that declares a 64-bit float INPUT is demoted whole, so the two shader-side
+            // halves (PackDoubleVertexInputsPass and VertexInputStateFactory::ToVkVertexFormat)
+            // still see one consistent world.
+            Bool SupportsFloat64VertexAttributes = false;
+            // Whether a TESSELLATION stage of this backend may access gl_PointSize - i.e.
+            // whether a module declaring OpCapability TessellationPointSize can reach the
+            // driver at all. DirectVulkan sets both this and the geometry twin from the one
+            // shaderTessellationAndGeometryPointSize feature; DirectGLES sets them
+            // independently from the EXT/OES_tessellation_point_size /
+            // geometry_point_size extension pairs (PointSizeTier), which really do come
+            // separately. When absent, ProgramSpirvTask demotes the built-in to an ordinary
+            // varying program-wide (ShaderCompiler::
+            // DemoteTessellationGeometryPointSizeForProgram); MOBILEGL_POINT_SIZE_DEMOTION
+            // overrides the detection in either direction at backend init.
+            //
+            // Defaults TRUE, deliberately against the house "assume absent" rule: false
+            // ARMS a rewrite, so the conservative no-backend answer (standalone compiles,
+            // unit tests) is the one that leaves modules untouched. A backend that never
+            // sets it gets standard modules and, at worst, the old honest declines.
+            Bool SupportsTessellationPointSize = true;
+            // The geometry-stage twin (OpCapability GeometryPointSize).
+            Bool SupportsGeometryPointSize = true;
+            Uint64 MaxShaderStorageBlockSize = 128 * 1024 * 1024;
+            Uint32 SubgroupSize = 0;
+            Uint32 SubgroupSupportedStages = 0;
+            Uint32 SubgroupSupportedFeatures = 0;
+            // GL_SAMPLE_POSITION (GL 4.6 core 14.3.1.1) as the device actually places the samples
+            // of a 2-, 4-, 8- and 16-sample pixel: (x, y) pairs in [0, 1], the N-sample row starting
+            // at pair N - 2. Bit log2(N) of SamplePositionCountMask says row N was filled in; a row
+            // the backend could not determine stays unset rather than being guessed. Read and
+            // written through Get/SetSamplePositions only.
+            static constexpr Int kMaxSamplePositionCount = 16;
+            Float SamplePositions[60] = {}; // 2 * (2 + 4 + 8 + 16)
+            Uint32 SamplePositionCountMask = 0;
+            Bool SubgroupQuadOperationsInAllStages = false;
+            GpuVendorKind GpuVendor = GpuVendorKind::Unknown;
+            // GL_EXT_fragment_shading_rate and its two companions. Each is a statement about the
+            // device, so all of them default to "absent" and the extension strings are advertised
+            // only from these: DirectGLES fills them from the driver's own
+            // EXT_fragment_shading_rate(_primitive, _attachment), DirectVulkan from
+            // VK_KHR_fragment_shading_rate's pipeline / primitive / attachment features.
+            //   SupportsFragmentShadingRate          glShadingRateEXT and gl_ShadingRateEXT
+            //   SupportsPrimitiveFragmentShadingRate gl_PrimitiveShadingRateEXT, combiner op 0
+            //   SupportsAttachmentFragmentShadingRate the R8UI rate attachment, combiner op 1
+            Bool SupportsFragmentShadingRate = false;
+            Bool SupportsPrimitiveFragmentShadingRate = false;
+            Bool SupportsAttachmentFragmentShadingRate = false;
+            // The four GL_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_*_SUPPORTED_EXT booleans, as the device answers them.
+            Bool FragmentShadingRateNonTrivialCombiners = false;
+            Bool FragmentShadingRateWithShaderDepthStencilWrites = false;
+            Bool FragmentShadingRateWithSampleMask = false;
+            Bool FragmentShadingRatePrimitiveWithMultiViewport = false;
+            Bool FragmentShadingRateAttachmentWithDefaultFramebuffer = false;
+            // What glGetFragmentShadingRatesEXT answers, one mask per sample count 1, 2, 4 .. 64
+            // (index = log2(samples)): bit (log2(w) << 2 | log2(h)) is set when that rate is
+            // honoured exactly at that sample count, i.e. gl_ShadingRateEXT reads it back
+            // unclamped. Zero masks mean no rate at all, which is what a sample count the device
+            // cannot shade coarsely answers.
+            Uint16 FragmentShadingRateMasks[7] = {};
+            // The GL_{MIN,MAX}_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_TEXEL_{WIDTH,HEIGHT}_EXT,
+            // _ASPECT_RATIO_EXT and _LAYERS_EXT limits. Meaningful only with the attachment.
+            Int MinFragmentShadingRateAttachmentTexelWidth = 0;
+            Int MinFragmentShadingRateAttachmentTexelHeight = 0;
+            Int MaxFragmentShadingRateAttachmentTexelWidth = 0;
+            Int MaxFragmentShadingRateAttachmentTexelHeight = 0;
+            Int MaxFragmentShadingRateAttachmentTexelAspectRatio = 0;
+            Int MaxFragmentShadingRateAttachmentLayers = 0;
+
+            static constexpr Bool IsSamplePositionCount(Int samples) {
+                return samples >= 2 && samples <= kMaxSamplePositionCount && (samples & (samples - 1)) == 0;
+            }
+            static constexpr Uint32 SamplePositionCountBit(Int samples) {
+                return 1u << static_cast<Uint32>(std::countr_zero(static_cast<Uint32>(samples)));
+            }
+            // `xy` holds `samples` (x, y) pairs.
+            void SetSamplePositions(Int samples, const Float* xy) {
+                if (!IsSamplePositionCount(samples)) return;
+                for (Int i = 0; i < 2 * samples; ++i)
+                    SamplePositions[2 * (samples - 2) + i] = xy[i];
+                SamplePositionCountMask |= SamplePositionCountBit(samples);
+            }
+            Bool GetSamplePosition(Int samples, Int index, Float* outXY) const {
+                if (!IsSamplePositionCount(samples) || index < 0 || index >= samples ||
+                    (SamplePositionCountMask & SamplePositionCountBit(samples)) == 0) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                outXY[0] = SamplePositions[2 * (samples - 2 + index)];
+                outXY[1] = SamplePositions[2 * (samples - 2 + index) + 1];
+                return true;
+            }
+        };
+    } // namespace MG_Backend
+} // namespace MobileGL
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@

 #pragma once
 #include <Includes.h>
-#include <MG_Backend/BackendObjects.h>
+#include <BackendCaps.h>

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Config {
    inline const String ProjectName = "MobileGL";
@@ -85,41 +85,57 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Config {
        // MOBILEGL_TRACE_ANGLE_VARIANT: signed trace-APK ANGLE build short hash.
        String TraceAngleVariant;
 #endif
-        // MOBILEGL_MAGMA_DISABLE_SUBGROUP: force-disable Vulkan shader subgroup support,
-        // including the opt-in emulated compute path below.
-        Bool MagmaDisableSubgroup = false;
-        // MOBILEGL_MAGMA_EMULATE_SUBGROUP: implement GL_KHR_shader_subgroup's compute
-        // stage on a 32-lane VIRTUAL subgroup lowered to workgroup-shared memory
-        // (ShaderTranspiler::EmulateSubgroupsPass). Strictly a last resort: it only ever
-        // engages when this flag is set AND the device has no native subgroup support at
-        // all - a device with real subgroup operations always uses them natively,
-        // whatever their width (the known iterationRP defect is patched by
-        // MagmaFixIterationRPSubgroupScratch below instead). Off by default.
-        Bool MagmaEmulateSubgroup = false;
-        // MOBILEGL_MAGMA_FIX_ITERATIONRP_SUBGROUP_SCRATCH: patch iterationRP's own bug - the
-        // pack declares `shared vec2 prefixSumCache[32]` for a 512-invocation exposure
-        // reduction and indexes it by gl_SubgroupID, so any device with sub-16-lane
-        // subgroups (8-lane lavapipe -> 64 subgroups) writes shared memory out of
-        // bounds. The pass grows that one array to what the device's topology needs and
-        // touches nothing else; it only rewrites modules positively matching the pack's
-        // reduction fingerprint (ShaderTranspiler::FixIterationRPSubgroupScratchPass),
-        // so every other shader passes through byte-identical - as does iterationRP
-        // itself on >= 16-lane devices. Auto is ON; ForceOff replays the pack's bug
-        // verbatim.
-        QuirkOverride MagmaFixIterationRPSubgroupScratch = QuirkOverride::Auto;
-        // MOBILEGL_MAGMA_ITERATIONRP_FIX_BARRIER: repair Program 203's missing workgroup
-        // rendezvous between its two reductions over prefixSumCache. Off by default and
-        // fingerprint-gated by FixIterationRPBarrierPass when enabled.
-        Bool MagmaIterationRPFixBarrier = false;
-        // MOBILEGL_MAGMA_DERIVE_NUM_SUBGROUPS: replace compute gl_NumSubgroups loads with
-        // ceil(workgroup invocations / gl_SubgroupSize) on the NATIVE subgroup path
-        // (ShaderTranspiler::DeriveNumSubgroupsPass). Auto is ON: GL requires
-        // gl_SubgroupID < gl_NumSubgroups, Adreno's builtin reports 1 while the same
-        // dispatch emits IDs 0..7, and the derived value is the one Vulkan guarantees
-        // whenever the pipeline can request REQUIRE_FULL_SUBGROUPS (which the renderer
-        // does whenever local_size_x is a multiple of the native width). ForceOff returns
-        // to the raw driver builtin.
-        QuirkOverride MagmaDeriveNumSubgroups = QuirkOverride::Auto;
+        // MOBILEGL_SUBGROUP_EMULATION: how either backend implements GL_KHR_shader_subgroup
+        // (MG_Backend/SubgroupImplementation.h). Auto (the default) uses the driver's own subgroup
+        // operations natively whenever it has them, at whatever width (8/16/32/64/128 lanes), and
+        // otherwise emulates the compute stage on a 32-lane VIRTUAL subgroup in workgroup-shared
+        // memory (ShaderTranspiler::EmulateSubgroupsPass). ForceOn emulates even over native
+        // support, so the emulation can be exercised on any device; ForceOff never emulates,
+        // leaving a driver without subgroups without the extension.
+        QuirkOverride SubgroupEmulation = QuirkOverride::Auto;
+        // MOBILEGL_ITRP_FIX: the iterationRP shaderpack's two compute-shader bugs, repaired by
+        // fingerprint-gated passes that leave every other module byte-identical
+        // (MG_Backend/SubgroupImplementation.h):
+        //   * FixIterationRPSubgroupScratchPass - the pack declares `shared vec2
+        //     prefixSumCache[32]` for a 512-invocation reduction indexed by gl_SubgroupID, so a
+        //     sub-16-lane device (8-lane lavapipe -> 64 subgroups) writes shared memory out of
+        //     bounds; the array grows to what the native width needs (inert at >= 16 lanes, and
+        //     under the 32-lane emulation);
+        //   * FixIterationRPBarrierPass - Program 203's second reduction overwrites that scratch
+        //     without a workgroup rendezvous after the first one's readers.
+        // Auto and ForceOn apply both; ForceOff replays the pack's bugs verbatim.
+        QuirkOverride IterationRPFix = QuirkOverride::Auto;
+        // MOBILEGL_MAGMA_INPASS_CLEAR: a wire-arm glClear / glClearBuffer* whose targets are the
+        // attachments of the draw pass for the bound framebuffer is recorded inside that pass
+        // (vkCmdClearAttachments) rather than in a render pass of its own built for the clear.
+        // Auto is ON; ForceOff restores the standalone clear for every surface.
+        QuirkOverride MagmaInPassClear = QuirkOverride::Auto;
+        // MOBILEGL_MAGMA_INPASS_CLEAR_DEFAULT: the same for the default framebuffer. Auto is OFF
+        // (an unexplained openra regression on Adreno 750, perf-p15/HANDOFF.md); ForceOn enables it.
+        QuirkOverride MagmaInPassClearDefault = QuirkOverride::Auto;
+        // MOBILEGL_MAGMA_PASS_CACHE: wire draw passes (render pass, framebuffer, views) are kept
+        // across frames while their key's image epochs hold. Auto is ON; ForceOff drops every
+        // cached pass whose last use completed at each frame begin, as before P15.
+        QuirkOverride MagmaPassCache = QuirkOverride::Auto;
+        // MOBILEGL_MAGMA_VERTEX_CONVERSION_CACHE: a wire vertex stream that needs a CPU format
+        // conversion is converted once per frame slot per (buffer content, layout) and reused by
+        // every draw that names it, instead of once per draw. Auto is ON; ForceOff converts per draw.
+        QuirkOverride MagmaVertexConversionCache = QuirkOverride::Auto;
+        // MOBILEGL_MAGMA_WRITE_RENAME: a glBufferSubData into a small wire store the GPU may still
+        // be reading gives the store a fresh buffer filled from a host shadow, instead of a staged
+        // copy that ends the render pass. Auto is ON; ForceOff keeps the staged copy.
+        QuirkOverride MagmaWriteRename = QuirkOverride::Auto;
+        // MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_VAO_SHADOW: DirectGLES emits a vertex attribute's enable flag, divisor and
+        // pointer to the driver VAO only when they differ from what that VAO already holds (a
+        // shadow on the VAO twin). Auto is ON; ForceOff re-emits the whole configuration per walk.
+        QuirkOverride EsprytVaoShadow = QuirkOverride::Auto;
+        // MOBILEGL_PIPE_VERTEX_ELEMENTS_DEDUP: a VAO configuration change whose vertex-elements
+        // record is byte-identical to the one its handle last published (a glBindVertexBuffer
+        // that only changed the buffer) re-publishes nothing. Auto is ON; ForceOff re-creates.
+        QuirkOverride PipeVertexElementsDedup = QuirkOverride::Auto;
+        // P15: the client reuses a bound framebuffer's built set_framebuffer_state while nothing it
+        // reads has moved (MGPipeFramebufferEmitter::BuildBoundFramebufferState).
+        QuirkOverride PipeFramebufferStateMemo = QuirkOverride::Auto;
        // MOBILEGL_ADVERTISE_FP64: add GL_ARB_gpu_shader_fp64 to the advertised extension
        // string. `double` in a shader always WORKS - it is narrowed to 32 bits before any
        // module reaches a backend (ShaderTranspiler::DemoteFloat64Pass) - but the extension
@@ -135,8 +151,22 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Config {
        // draws refused by name), because a driver that accepts invalid SPIR-V may fault the GPU
        // into device loss. For diagnosing a driver that copes with a specific module only.
        Bool MagmaAllowInvalidSpirv = false;
-        // MOBILEGL_MAGMA_FRAMESINFLIGHT: requested Magma frames in flight, defaulting to 3.
-        Uint32 MagmaFramesInFlight = 3;
+        // MOBILEGL_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT (P15; MOBILEGL_MAGMA_FRAMESINFLIGHT is its deprecated alias):
+        // how many frames may be queued ahead of the GPU, default 3, both backends.
+        //   - Magma: its frame contexts (frame S+1 reuses S+1-N's), clamped to the surface.
+        //   - Espryt: after presenting S the backend waits for S+1-N to complete (N = 1 is a full
+        //     CPU/GPU sync; N >= 2 is what Android's own queueBuffer throttle already gives).
+        //   - inproc / spawn / TCP: the present credit, how many presents the GL thread may run
+        //     ahead of the server, is derived from it: max(1, N - 2), so the default 3 keeps the
+        //     shipped credit of 1 and N = 4 is credit 2 (one more frame of latency).
+        Uint32 FramesInFlight = 3;
+        // MOBILEGL_MAGMA_EXTRA_SWAPCHAIN_IMAGES: swapchain images Magma asks for beyond the
+        // surface's minimum (the frames-in-flight count still raises the request when it is
+        // larger), clamped to the surface's maximum. With more images, the one the display has
+        // just released is reused later, by when its release has usually signaled, so fewer
+        // frames start their window pass behind it. Each image costs a full-size colour buffer
+        // plus the default framebuffer's depth/stencil buffer of the same size.
+        Uint32 MagmaExtraSwapchainImages = 0;
        // MOBILEGL_MAGMA_MAX_DRAWS_PER_COMMAND_BUFFER: GL draws and dispatches Magma records into
        // one command buffer before it submits it and continues on a fresh one. 0 = unbounded.
        // Drivers back a command buffer with GPU memory that is only returned when the buffer is
@@ -169,6 +199,31 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Config {
        // lavapipe carry a located block correctly and would otherwise never run this code -
        // and ForceOff is the negative control. See StripIoBlockLocationsPass.
        QuirkOverride EsprytUnlocatedIoBlocks = QuirkOverride::Auto;
+        // MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_DEFER_GEOMETRY_EMITS: DirectGLES moves a geometry shader's
+        // EmitVertex()/EndPrimitive() behind its memory writes (DeferGeometryEmitsPass). The
+        // Adreno ES driver silently drops storage writes a geometry invocation makes after
+        // emitting; the driver POST measures that and arms this by itself, so Auto is right
+        // everywhere. ForceOn exercises the rewrite on a healthy driver; ForceOff is the
+        // negative control that replays the lost writes.
+        QuirkOverride EsprytDeferGeometryEmits = QuirkOverride::Auto;
+        // MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_ATOMIC_SUBGROUP_SCRATCH: DirectGLES's subgroup emulation reads its
+        // workgroup scratch back through atomic loads (EmulateSubgroupsPass). The Adreno ES
+        // compiler treats ordinary shared-memory loads as pure and merges or reorders them
+        // across stores and barrier(), so an emulated subgroup operation would see the lanes of
+        // an earlier one; the driver POST measures that and arms this by itself, so Auto is
+        // right everywhere. ForceOn exercises the atomic reads on a healthy driver; ForceOff is
+        // the negative control.
+        QuirkOverride EsprytAtomicSubgroupScratch = QuirkOverride::Auto;
+        // MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_INVALID_IMAGE_PLACEHOLDER: DirectGLES binds an image unit GL 4.6 8.26
+        // calls invalid (a level the texture does not have) to a zeroed 1x1 texture of the bind's
+        // shape instead of leaving it empty. The Adreno ES driver answers a load through an EMPTY
+        // unit with alpha 1 where GL says 0, and ANGLE faults on any use of an empty unit; the
+        // driver POST measures the first and Auto arms this on ANGLE without probing, so Auto is
+        // right everywhere. The placeholder's one texel is real, so a store
+        // through such a unit can be read back through the same unit in the same pass - which is
+        // why a healthy driver keeps the empty unit. ForceOn exercises the placeholder on a
+        // healthy driver; ForceOff is the negative control.
+        QuirkOverride EsprytInvalidImagePlaceholder = QuirkOverride::Auto;
        // MOBILEGL_POINT_SIZE_DEMOTION: demote gl_PointSize out of tessellation/geometry
        // stages into an ordinary varying (ShaderCompiler::
        // DemoteTessellationGeometryPointSizeForProgram) instead of declining such programs
@@ -228,7 +283,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Config {
        Bool DisableLargeBufferAdoption = false;
        // MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_FORCE_DS_READBACK_EMULATION: make DirectGLES skip the native ES
        // depth/stencil reads and always go through the shader-sampling emulation. Core GL
-        // ES has no depth or stencil readback, but some drivers accept it anyway (Mesa does,
+        // ES has no depth or stencil readback, but some drivers accept it anyway (llvmpipe does,
        // Adreno does not), which means the emulation is dead code on exactly the stack the
        // headless suite runs on. This forces it live so the scenarios and the CTS can
        // exercise the path, and gives the device an A/B lever over the same choice.
@@ -323,7 +378,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Config {
        // MOBILEGL_MAGMA_PRIMGEN_QUERY_REROUTE: DirectVulkan's GL_PRIMITIVES_GENERATED
        // reroute for draws made while transform feedback is INACTIVE. The stream query
        // (VK_QUERY_TYPE_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_STREAM_EXT primitivesNeeded) is defined to count
-        // them, but a Mali driver - and Mesa lavapipe - answers 0 unless a capture span is
+        // them, but a Mali driver - and lavapipe - answers 0 unless a capture span is
        // open, which is exactly the shape the CTS uses to measure the tessellator, so ~29
        // tessellation tests per tree size a capture buffer from the 0 and die on the
        // zero-length map. Auto defers to a device probe at renderer bring-up
@@ -336,6 +391,28 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Config {
        // immune to the probe's verdict moving), and ForceOff is the negative control that
        // replays the driver's silence.
        QuirkOverride MagmaPrimGenQueryReroute = QuirkOverride::Auto;
+        // MOBILEGL_MAGMA_E5_RAW_READS: DirectVulkan's raw read route for E5B9G9R9 textures
+        // (WireE5RawCopy.h). GL moves RGB9_E5 texel blocks bit-exactly (glGetTexImage with
+        // UNSIGNED_INT_5_9_9_9_REV, glCopyImageSubData), but Adreno 750's transfer reads of
+        // an E5B9G9R9 image larger than ~16x16 decode and re-encode, canonicalizing every
+        // non-canonical shared exponent. Auto defers to a device probe at renderer bring-up
+        // (RunWireE5TransferProbe: plain transfer read vs. a shader read through an R32_UINT
+        // view) and arms the route only where the plain read changed words; ForceOn arms it
+        // on any device (the host lanes exercise the route with it); ForceOff is the negative
+        // control that replays the canonicalization.
+        QuirkOverride MagmaE5RawReads = QuirkOverride::Auto;
+        // MOBILEGL_MAGMA_SPLIT_SLICE_COPIES: DirectVulkan's per-slice split of a cross-format
+        // glCopyImageSubData between a layered texture and a 3D one (WireCopySliceProbe.h).
+        // Adreno 750 lands only the first slice of such a vkCmdCopyImage region. Auto defers to
+        // a device probe at renderer bring-up (one region vs. per-slice regions); ForceOn splits
+        // on any device; ForceOff is the negative control that replays the dropped slices.
+        QuirkOverride MagmaSplitSliceCopies = QuirkOverride::Auto;
+        // MOBILEGL_MAGMA_REEMIT_STATE_AFTER_DISCARD: DirectVulkan sets the dynamic state again after
+        // every rasterizer-discard draw (WireDiscardStateProbe.h). On Adreno 750 a draw with a
+        // rasterizerDiscardEnable pipeline drops the dynamic viewport/scissor, and later draws that
+        // rely on it draw nothing. Auto defers to a device probe at renderer bring-up; ForceOn
+        // re-emits on any device; ForceOff is the negative control that replays the lost state.
+        QuirkOverride MagmaReemitStateAfterDiscard = QuirkOverride::Auto;
        // --- MGPipe (the disaggregation plan's explicit frontend/backend boundary) ---
        // MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH: per-subsystem bitmask selecting which state the frontend
        // PUSHES over MGPipe instead of leaving the backend to pull it out of GLContext.
@@ -370,6 +447,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Config {
        //   1<<63 NOT a subsystem, a BEHAVIOUR: turn OFF client-side content addressing of
        //         CSOs, so every pipeline-version change mints a fresh CSO and the map is
        //         never probed. The negative control the CSO design is measured against.
+        //   P13 W3b (ID-P13-3): bits 0-13 are FIXED ON. Their pre-handle arms are gone, so a mask
+        //   that clears one is refused by name at startup (Fatal{PipeSubsystemsFixedOn},
+        //   ConfigLoader.cpp); bit 63 is the one switch left. Everything above about "refused,
+        //   runs its legacy arm" describes code that is unreachable since then and goes in W6.
        Uint64 PipePush = 0;
        // MOBILEGL_PIPE_VERIFY: per-draw, per-FIELD shadow comparison of the pushed state
        // against a snapshot taken from GLContext the old way, printing the first field
@@ -377,7 +458,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Config {
        // the semantic gate that replaces byte identity, and it catches the dangerous
        // direction - a dirty bit that fires too RARELY - which no purity gate can see.
        Bool PipeVerify = false;
-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH
        // The three knobs of the MOBILEGL_PIPE_VERIFY build (P1 brief D2). Compiled only
        // under MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH so the pull build's FeaturesTable does not change size.
        // MOBILEGL_PIPE_VERIFY_FATAL: the first divergence aborts (default). 0 logs and
@@ -396,31 +476,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Config {
        // Fatal{UnmigratedPipeInput} (negative control B). Unknown name is
        // Fatal{PipeVerifyBadKnob}.
        String PipePoisonOmit;
-        // MOBILEGL_PIPE_HANDLE_ABA_CONTROL (negative control C, P2 brief D18): replace the
-        // OBJECT IDENTITY in every DirectVulkan vertex-input memo key with a constant, on
-        // whichever arm the run is on - the pre-handle (address, lifetime id) pair AND the
-        // handle arm's {slot, gen} generation - so a replacement object inherits its dead
-        // predecessor's resolved vertex bindings and HandleRecycleScenario.AbaControl asserts
-        // the WRONG pixels. That is what proves the reproducer still reproduces. D18 wrote
-        // this as "hash the raw BufferObject* instead of its lifetime id"; measured, the heap
-        // block is never handed back, so that spelling collided with nothing and the control
-        // went vacuous - see MagmaPipeArms.h's MagmaPipeAbaControlDefeatsIdentity for the
-        // measurement and for what the control still leaves standing. Under
-        // MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH only, so it cannot exist in a shipping pull build.
-        Bool PipeHandleAbaControl = false;
-#endif
        // MOBILEGL_PIPE_STATS: dump the boundary counters (bytes, calls, roundtrips,
        // texture pulls, upload shapes, residual-block bytes, index mirror bytes).
        Bool PipeStats = false;
-        // MOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS: keep the pre-handle registries and TwinLookupMemos
-        // alive so the first handle waves have a real old-versus-new arm to be compared
-        // against. ON by default for the whole migration window, deleted with the pull
-        // path itself.
-        Bool PipeLegacyMemos = true;
-        // MOBILEGL_PIPE_TEXEL_RETAIN_MB: LRU budget for texels retained against a
-        // server-initiated texture re-send. Default 0, i.e. OFF: MipmapStorage already
-        // holds a complete CPU shadow, so this cache buys latency, never correctness.
-        Uint32 PipeTexelRetainMb = 0;
        // MOBILEGL_PIPE_INDEX_MIRROR_MB: budget for the server-side index host mirror,
        // which is what lets primitive-restart rewriting and multi-draw flattening stay on
        // the server without shipping index bytes per draw. Over budget it degrades to
@@ -445,7 +503,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Config {
    //
    // MOBILEGL_TRANSPORT = monolith | inproc | spawn | unix:<path> | pipe:<name>.
    //
-    // WHY `Transport` IS NOT A FeaturesTable MEMBER. ARCHITECTURE.md:580 requires that with
+    // WHY `Transport` IS NOT A FeaturesTable MEMBER. ARCHITECTURE.md §16 requires that with
    // MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED=OFF it be a `constexpr Monolith`, so that the single hook
    // in MG_Backend/Init.cpp compiles away entirely rather than becoming a branch nobody can
    // take. A FeaturesTable member is a runtime field in every build, which is the opposite
@@ -462,13 +520,49 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Config {
    // MG_Remote` must be non-empty in build-split (CONTRACT-P5.md table 3, and the CI job
    // P5 adds beside build-linux-verify).
    enum class TransportMode : Uint8 {
-        Monolith = 0,  // today's in-library backend; no MG_Remote object is constructed
-        InProcess = 1, // P5: a real apply thread in this process, over the same G3 codec
-        Spawn = 2,     // P6: fork/exec MobileGLServer, socketpair
-        UnixSocket = 3,// P6: connect to an existing AF_UNIX endpoint (Endpoint = <path>)
-        NamedPipe = 4, // P6: Windows named pipe (Endpoint = <name>)
+        Monolith = 0,   // today's in-library backend; no MG_Remote object is constructed
+        InProcess = 1,  // P5: a real apply thread in this process, over the same G3 codec
+        Spawn = 2,      // P6: fork/exec MobileGLServer, socketpair
+        UnixSocket = 3, // P6: connect to an existing AF_UNIX endpoint (Endpoint = <path>)
+        NamedPipe = 4,  // P6: Windows named pipe (Endpoint = <name>)
    };

+    // P13 W5: THE RECORD ARM'S OWN KNOBS. They kept their MOBILEGL_IPC_* names (logs, CI lanes and
+    // notes spell them so), but they tune the record arm - the persistent-map push and Magma's wire
+    // stores - which runs in a library without a transport too, so they are not IpcTable's.
+    struct RecordArmTable {
+        // MOBILEGL_IPC_WIRE_DEFERRED_MB (P7 wave 4 M2, ID-P7-32): the SERVER's budget, in MiB,
+        // for orphaned wire buffer stores - the old VkBuffer every glBufferData that crosses the
+        // wire leaves behind - that a GPU command recorded but not yet retired may still name.
+        // Stores no command names are destroyed at once and stores whose last submission has
+        // retired are destroyed at the next park; this bounds the REST. When the parked bytes
+        // exceed it after a sweep, the server flushes what it has recorded and waits for it
+        // (WaitForWireBufferHostAccess's sync point, mid-frame), which retires every one. It is
+        // not a frame count because a frame is not bounded: a snapshot-exiting pbuffer replay
+        // delivers one present for 1.3 M calls. The same sync point also fires above a fixed
+        // 1024 parked stores (VkBufferManager::kWireDeferredCountCeiling), because small
+        // orphans never reach a byte budget. 0 IS THE NEGATIVE CONTROL for both, not "unlimited
+        // by design": no forced sync, so a one-frame respecify-and-draw loop grows without bound
+        // and MagmaWireReclaimScenario's watermark cases must go red.
+        Uint32 WireDeferredMb = 64;
+        // MOBILEGL_IPC_PERSISTENT_BLOCK_KB: block granularity of the persistent-map push.
+        // 0 IS A NEGATIVE CONTROL, NOT "unlimited": it disables the push, and
+        // PersistentCoherentMapScenario must go RED under it (exit gate E3(a)).
+        Uint32 PersistentBlockKb = 64;
+        // MOBILEGL_IPC_PERSISTENT_HASH_SUPPRESS: 1 = the persistent-map push ships only
+        // blocks whose xxHash64 changed since the last push, instead of the whole mapped
+        // range every verb. 0 restores the whole-range push (A/B control).
+        Uint32 PersistentHashSuppress = 1;
+        // MOBILEGL_PIPE_PERSISTENT_MPROTECT (P13 W5): 1 (default) = the persistent-map push finds
+        // written pages through mprotect and a chained SIGSEGV handler where the platform has
+        // one (Linux, Android); 0 = no handler is ever installed and every persistent write map
+        // takes the hash scan. The switch exists for the hosts whose own SIGSEGV use the
+        // chained handler has not met yet - FCL is a JVM, whose implicit null checks fault on
+        // purpose - so a bring-up can rule the handler out without a rebuild.
+        Uint32 PersistentMprotect = 1;
+    };
+    extern RecordArmTable RecordArm;
+
 #if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
    // Parsed once by MG_ConfigLoader::Init(). Defaults to Monolith even here: building the
    // transport in is not the same as using it, and every existing lane of a build-split
@@ -496,7 +590,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Config {
    // transport: a build that cannot reach the MG_Remote code cannot honour one of them.
    //
    // P5 lands exactly the knobs P5's own packages read. A later phase's knob is added HERE,
-    // through the integrator, and not invented at its call site - ARCHITECTURE.md:615 holds
+    // through the integrator, and not invented at its call site - ARCHITECTURE.md appendix A holds
    // the full planned inventory (PRESENT_CREDIT, POLL_ESCALATE, SHADOW_SHM,
    // INLINE_PAYLOADS, TRACE, ATTACH, RESPAWN, IDLE_EXIT_S), and every one of those belongs
    // to P6 or later.
@@ -527,20 +621,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Config {
        // stage chunk budget (MGPipeStageChunkBytes, a quarter of this), and a record type with
        // no cut is Fatal{RingOverrun, "SEG_STAGE"} rather than allowed to exceed it.
        Uint32 StageMb = 32;
-        // MOBILEGL_IPC_WIRE_DEFERRED_MB (P7 wave 4 M2, ID-P7-32): the SERVER's budget, in MiB,
-        // for orphaned wire buffer stores - the old VkBuffer every glBufferData that crosses the
-        // wire leaves behind - that a GPU command recorded but not yet retired may still name.
-        // Stores no command names are destroyed at once and stores whose last submission has
-        // retired are destroyed at the next park; this bounds the REST. When the parked bytes
-        // exceed it after a sweep, the server flushes what it has recorded and waits for it
-        // (WaitForWireBufferHostAccess's sync point, mid-frame), which retires every one. It is
-        // not a frame count because a frame is not bounded: a snapshot-exiting pbuffer replay
-        // delivers one present for 1.3 M calls. The same sync point also fires above a fixed
-        // 1024 parked stores (VkBufferManager::kWireDeferredCountCeiling), because small
-        // orphans never reach a byte budget. 0 IS THE NEGATIVE CONTROL for both, not "unlimited
-        // by design": no forced sync, so a one-frame respecify-and-draw loop grows without bound
-        // and MagmaWireReclaimScenario's watermark cases must go red.
-        Uint32 WireDeferredMb = 64;
        // MOBILEGL_IPC_SPIN_US: spin before parking on a doorbell, either direction.
        Uint32 SpinUs = 50;
        // MOBILEGL_IPC_EVENT_WAIT_MS (PH-6, ID-P7-2): the SERVER's patience, in ms, for ONE
@@ -558,14 +638,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Config {
        // spent twice. Read by the server only (ServerSpawn.cpp passes it to a spawned child);
        // the lockstep arm (no kCapRunAheadApply, i.e. Magma) never waits and keeps P5C's Fatal.
        Uint32 EventWaitMs = 2000;
-        // MOBILEGL_IPC_PERSISTENT_BLOCK_KB: block granularity of the persistent-map push.
-        // 0 IS A NEGATIVE CONTROL, NOT "unlimited": it disables the push, and
-        // PersistentCoherentMapScenario must go RED under it (exit gate E3(a)).
-        Uint32 PersistentBlockKb = 64;
-        // MOBILEGL_IPC_PERSISTENT_HASH_SUPPRESS: 1 = the persistent-map push ships only
-        // blocks whose xxHash64 changed since the last push, instead of the whole mapped
-        // range every verb. 0 restores the whole-range push (A/B control).
-        Uint32 PersistentHashSuppress = 1;
        // MOBILEGL_IPC_BATCH_WAITS: 1 = value-class records (kCtxState / kCtxCso / kCtxObject
        // with no reply slot) are published without waiting for their own apply; the barrier
        // is taken at the next pull-reading verb (kCtxVerb syncs, queries, screen rows, and
@@ -573,53 +645,19 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Config {
        // restores the per-record barrier of R-1.
        Uint32 BatchWaits = 1;
        // MOBILEGL_IPC_CREATE_WINDOW: how many RESOURCE_CREATE answers may be outstanding before the
-        // client waits for one. 1 = every create waits (the shape R-5 shipped with); N > 1 = up to N
-        // creates go out fire-and-forget, their caller reads a PROVISIONAL accept, and the oldest
-        // answer is taken when the window fills.
-        //
-        // DEFAULT 2, AND IT TOOK THREE THINGS TO GET HERE. The deferral was inert for two
-        // measured reasons and one structural one, in the order they were found:
-        //   1. the reply buffer was a ring of the last 8 answers, and between two creates this
-        //      client emits on the order of a thousand records - so the answer was always gone
-        //      (`want=310` on every miss while the ring spanned [1175..1504]);
-        //   2. a residency budget that tried to take answers back early could not help, because
-        //      what displaces an answer is what the SERVER sends, not what the client emits;
-        //   3. and so the fix was RETENTION - a link keeps a declared answer until its reader
-        //      takes it (Transport/ILink.h's RetainsReplies, StreamLink's declared-answer store).
-        //
-        // MEASURED ON THE DEVICE, load frame, both ends rebuilt (create 4,536, records 103,097,
-        // frame-sent identical per op throughout):
-        //     window 1    4,536 blocking takes   28.66 s   (the shape R-5 shipped)
-        //     window 2      2,500               17.27 s
-        //     window 4      1,644               11.02 s
-        // and the round trip does NOT grow as the window deepens (5,285 / 4,082 us against 5,672
-        // at 1), which is the measurement that says the ~5 ms is a WAKEUP the server batches away
-        // rather than its apply throughput - so amortising four creates per wakeup is a real 2.6x.
-        //
-        // 6 IS THE DEFAULT, AND IT IS WHERE THE CURVE FLATTENS - the sweep that says so is the
-        // one the paragraph above asked for, and it moved the ceiling too (kCreateWindowMax is 8
-        // now; the old 4 was derived from a reply pool the window does not run on). Three
-        // interleaved runs per arm on one binary, load frame, create 4,536 sent in every arm:
-        //
-        //     window 4   1,503 blocking takes   13.23 s median   (spread 11.37-16.29)
-        //     window 5   1,277                  11.31 s          (10.61-12.12)
-        //     window 6   1,155                  10.79 s          ( 9.69-10.81)
-        //     window 8     859                  10.96 s          ( 8.92-11.03)
-        //
-        // 4->5 buys 1.92 s, 5->6 buys 0.53 s, 6->8 buys NOTHING (-0.18 s, inside a session noise
-        // of ~1.5-2 s) - so 6 is the smallest window on the flat part and the extra answers a
-        // deeper one holds buy no time. AND PAST THIS POINT THE FRAME IS NOT WAIT-BOUND ANY MORE:
-        // window 8 pays 296 fewer blocking takes than window 6 and the wall clock does not move.
-        // The store is not the constraint either - its peak is logged as it crosses (StreamLink's
-        // P12 line) and reads 6..11 against a cap of 24 at every arm from 5 up. What is left is
-        // the constant ~350-400 creates that block for a reason depth does not reach, and the
-        // 101 MB / 103k records the SERVER has to apply. NOTE THE PREDICATE the whole mechanism rests
-        // on: an answer is retained because the wire DECLARED it will be read - NOT because its
-        // caller was fire-and-forget. The window's own creates are fire-and-forget AND read, so a
-        // flag keyed on wantReply would disable the very mechanism it exists to enable
-        // (docs/Disaggregated/notes/p12/CREATE-WINDOW-MEASURED.md sections 7-11).
+        // client waits for one. 1 turns the window off; N > 1 lets up to N creates go out without
+        // waiting: each caller reads a provisional accept, the answers are collected in order (the
+        // oldest once the window is full), and a create that comes back declined is un-published.
+        // The window runs only on a link that keeps a declared answer until its reader takes it (the
+        // stream link); on the shared-memory link it is always 1.
+        // Default 10: on a device world-load frame the wall clock stops improving at about 6, and a
+        // deeper window costs only entries in the link's declared-answer store, so 10 sits on the
+        // flat part of the curve.
+        // Range 1..12; a value outside it is ignored with a warning. 12 is kCreateWindowMax
+        // (WireTables.cpp), half of the stream link's 24-entry answer store.
+        // Measurements: docs/Performance/ipc-create-window.md.
        Uint32 CreateWindow = 10;
-        // MOBILEGL_IPC_PBO_READBACK_SYNC (P9 W1, MG_Remote/CONTRACT-P9.md §1): 1 = a glReadPixels
+        // MOBILEGL_IPC_PBO_READBACK_SYNC (P9 W1, docs/archive/contracts/CONTRACT-P9.md §1): 1 = a glReadPixels
        // or glGetTexImage into a bound GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER takes the reply-slot form again -
        // the client waits for the pixels and uploads them into the buffer itself, as before P9.
        // 0 (default) sends read_pixels_to_buffer / get_texture_image_to_buffer, waits for
@@ -627,7 +665,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Config {
        // red-once of the wait-count gate (PackBufferReadbackScenario): it must show a reply
        // wait per read.
        Uint32 PboReadbackSync = 0;
-        // MOBILEGL_IPC_POLL_ESCALATE (P10, MG_Remote/CONTRACT-P10.md §1): a glClientWaitSync with a
+        // MOBILEGL_IPC_POLL_ESCALATE (P10, docs/archive/contracts/CONTRACT-P10.md §1): a glClientWaitSync with a
        // zero timeout or a glGetSynciv(GL_SYNC_STATUS) is answered by the client from what the
        // server reported (kEventFenceSignaled) - "signaled" when it has been, "not yet" otherwise
        // - and only the Nth "not yet" in a row on one fence crosses as a real round trip, so a
@@ -659,7 +697,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Config {
        // GLContext by the client's residual fill and a free-running queue lets the server
        // read a FUTURE value of them.
        Uint32 VerbBarrier = 1;
-        // MOBILEGL_IPC_RUN_AHEAD (P5e, MG_Remote/CONTRACT-P5E.md §1): 1 = after publishing an
+        // MOBILEGL_IPC_RUN_AHEAD (P5e, docs/archive/contracts/CONTRACT-P5E.md §1): 1 = after publishing an
        // UNBARRIERED record the client returns immediately instead of waiting for its apply.
        // It is one half of a conjunction and never a switch on its own - the client arms
        // run-ahead only when the server also publishes kCapRunAheadApply, so on Magma, and on
@@ -677,14 +715,19 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Config {
        // client-filled gPipeInputs block for every verb, and run-ahead is precisely the
        // arm that stops filling it.
        Uint32 RunAhead = 1;
-        // MOBILEGL_IPC_PRESENT_CREDIT (P5e, ruling 4 / ID-92): how many presents the client may
-        // have in flight before it waits for a swap to come back. 1 = the client publishes
-        // frame N+1's records while the server applies and swaps frame N - one frame of
-        // overlap, at most one frame of added latency - and the CREDIT, never the ring's bytes,
-        // is what paces a run-ahead client. 2 is a device MEASUREMENT arm: it buys no CPU on a
-        // client that is already CPU-bound and costs a frame of latency, which is why the
-        // default is 1 and not "as deep as the ring".
+        // The present credit (P5e, ruling 4 / ID-92): how many presents the client may have in
+        // flight before it waits for a swap to come back. 1 = the client publishes frame N+1's
+        // records while the server applies and swaps frame N - one frame of overlap, at most one
+        // frame of added latency - and the CREDIT, never the ring's bytes, is what paces a
+        // run-ahead client. Derived from MOBILEGL_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT (max(1, N - 2)); the
+        // MOBILEGL_IPC_PRESENT_CREDIT override stays for experiments. Credit 2 is a real trade,
+        // not a measurement arm: on FCL inproc (cpuhunt, 2026-10-08) it brought Magma 309 -> 320
+        // and Espryt 299 -> 319 fps, at one frame of added latency.
        Uint32 PresentCredit = 1;
+        // MOBILEGL_IPC_WAIT_STATS (P15, diagnostic): every 600 presents, log how many times per
+        // frame the run-ahead client waited, by record op (applied/reply), by quiesce reason and
+        // barriered verb, for ring space and for the present credit. Off by default.
+        Bool WaitStats = false;
        // MOBILEGL_IPC_CONTROL_TIMEOUT_MS (CONTRACT-P6 §5.4 D5b): how long a spawn/tcp client
        // waits for the SurfaceReply to one surface-control op (eglCreate*Surface, MakeCurrent,
        // ...) once the server's backend is up. Its expiry is NOT fatal: the doorbell's death
@@ -713,8 +756,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Config {
        // selection folds to the single shared block) and forced off by MOBILEGL_PIPE_VERIFY
        // (the comparator owns the one fill block it compares against). 0 is not merely the
        // default, it is the negative control: the lane's distinctness case must go red
-        // without it (P5F §6).
-        Bool RoleSplitState = false;
+        // without it (P5F §6). P15: the default is ON (unset = on, 0 = off); the negative control
+        // sets 0 explicitly.
+        Bool RoleSplitState = true;
        // MOBILEGL_IPC_AUDIT: after a record retires, the server fills the SEG_STAGE bytes
        // it referenced with 0xDD (R-2.5). This is the ONLY mechanical control that an
        // inproc implementation did not quietly keep using a pointer past its lifetime.
@@ -742,10 +786,25 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Config {
    inline Bool ServerOwnedWindowSurfaces() {
        return Transport == TransportMode::Spawn && Ipc.Surface == IpcSurface::Server;
    }
+
 #else
    // The whole point: in a build without MG_Remote this folds at compile time, so
    // `if (MG_Config::Transport != MG_Config::TransportMode::Monolith)` in Init.cpp is a
    // discarded statement and the pull build gains no symbol, no branch and no byte.
    inline constexpr TransportMode Transport = TransportMode::Monolith;
 #endif
+
+    // P13: THE DATA-ARM QUESTION, ANSWERED ONCE FOR EVERY BUILD. The backends read RECORDS (the
+    // applier's twins, the staged stores, the verb's own handles), never frontend objects - over a
+    // wire and on monolith alike ("monolith is the push variant"). W4 switched monolith family by
+    // family behind MOBILEGL_PIPE_DATA_ARM; W5 built the record arm into every library; W6 deleted
+    // the frontend arm and the knob. The predicate stays as a name for the sites that read it.
+    inline constexpr Bool DataArmIsRecord() {
+        return true;
+    }
+    // ...and the record arm runs in this process over stores that ALIAS the frontend's shadows
+    // (monolith) instead of copying them (every wire).
+    inline Bool RecordArmAliasesFrontend() {
+        return Transport == TransportMode::Monolith;
+    }
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Config
@@ -10,12 +10,10 @@
 #include <sys/system_properties.h>
 #endif
 #include "Config.h"
-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH
 // For kMGPipeSubsystemsMigratedAtP5e, the push build's PipePush default (the P2, P3a and P4a
 // constants beside it are the phase-by-phase controls, not the default). Push-only, so the
 // pull build's translation unit is unchanged.
 #include <MG_Pipe/MGPipe.h>
-#endif

 #include <cerrno>
 #include <cstdio>
@@ -41,6 +39,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Config {
    Bool SplitTransportRequestedByConfig = false;
    IpcTable Ipc;
 #endif
+    RecordArmTable RecordArm;
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Config

 namespace MobileGL::MG_ConfigLoader {
@@ -116,7 +115,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_ConfigLoader {
                    continue;
                }
                String value = Trimmed(line.substr(equals + 1));
-                if (value.size() >= 2 && (value.front() == '"' || value.front() == '\'') && value.back() == value.front()) {
+                if (value.size() >= 2 && (value.front() == '"' || value.front() == '\'') &&
+                    value.back() == value.front()) {
                    value = value.substr(1, value.size() - 2);
                }
                out.emplace(key, value);
@@ -143,6 +143,28 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_ConfigLoader {
            if (IsServerProcess()) return;
            ReadBackendFile(FilePathSetting("MOBILEGL_BACKEND_FILE", kDefaultBackendFile), out);
            ReadConfigFile(FilePathSetting("MOBILEGL_CONFIG_FILE", kDefaultConfigFile), out, log);
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+            // An app that hosts the library (FCL) owns its process environment, so a developer
+            // has no way to set a MOBILEGL_* knob in it. `adb shell setprop debug.mobilegl.env
+            // "MOBILEGL_A=1;MOBILEGL_B=0"` does it, below the environment like the Linux config
+            // file (PROP_VALUE_MAX bounds it to a few keys).
+            char property[PROP_VALUE_MAX] = {};
+            if (__system_property_get("debug.mobilegl.env", property) > 0) {
+                String all(property);
+                SizeT start = 0;
+                while (start < all.size()) {
+                    SizeT end = all.find(';', start);
+                    if (end == String::npos) end = all.size();
+                    const String item = all.substr(start, end - start);
+                    const SizeT eq = item.find('=');
+                    if (eq != String::npos && eq > 0) {
+                        out.emplace(item.substr(0, eq), item.substr(eq + 1));
+                        if (log) MGLOG_I("Config: debug.mobilegl.env sets %s", item.c_str());
+                    }
+                    start = end + 1;
+                }
+            }
+#endif
        }
    } // namespace

@@ -228,13 +250,20 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_ConfigLoader {

    // Quirk overrides are tri-state: an unset variable keeps device auto-detection, a truthy
    // value forces the quirk on, anything else set ("0", "false", "") forces it off.
+    // Unset, empty or "auto" keeps Auto; "forceon"/"on" and "forceoff"/"off"/"no" name the two
+    // overrides; anything else is read as a flag (1/true -> ForceOn, 0/false -> ForceOff).
    inline MG_Config::QuirkOverride QueryEnvQuirkOverride(const String& key) {
        auto it = acceptedEnvVariablesMap->find(key);
        if (it == acceptedEnvVariablesMap->end()) {
            return MG_Config::QuirkOverride::Auto;
        }
-        return IsTruthyValue(it->second) ? MG_Config::QuirkOverride::ForceOn
-                                         : MG_Config::QuirkOverride::ForceOff;
+        String lowered = it->second;
+        std::transform(lowered.begin(), lowered.end(), lowered.begin(),
+                       [](unsigned char c) { return static_cast<char>(std::tolower(c)); });
+        if (lowered.empty() || lowered == "auto") return MG_Config::QuirkOverride::Auto;
+        if (lowered == "forceon" || lowered == "on") return MG_Config::QuirkOverride::ForceOn;
+        if (lowered == "forceoff" || lowered == "off" || lowered == "no") return MG_Config::QuirkOverride::ForceOff;
+        return IsTruthyValue(it->second) ? MG_Config::QuirkOverride::ForceOn : MG_Config::QuirkOverride::ForceOff;
    }

    // Multi-draw mode is a named-value preference: unset keeps Auto (best supported tier),
@@ -340,23 +369,37 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_ConfigLoader {
 #if defined(MOBILEGL_TRACE_ANGLE_VARIANTS)
        QueryEnvVariable("MOBILEGL_TRACE_ANGLE_VARIANT", features.TraceAngleVariant, "");
 #endif
-        features.MagmaDisableSubgroup = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_MAGMA_DISABLE_SUBGROUP");
-        features.MagmaEmulateSubgroup = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_MAGMA_EMULATE_SUBGROUP");
-        features.MagmaFixIterationRPSubgroupScratch =
-            QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_MAGMA_FIX_ITERATIONRP_SUBGROUP_SCRATCH");
-        features.MagmaIterationRPFixBarrier = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_MAGMA_ITERATIONRP_FIX_BARRIER");
-        features.MagmaDeriveNumSubgroups = QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_MAGMA_DERIVE_NUM_SUBGROUPS");
+        features.SubgroupEmulation = QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_SUBGROUP_EMULATION");
+        features.IterationRPFix = QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_ITRP_FIX");
+        features.MagmaInPassClear = QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_MAGMA_INPASS_CLEAR");
+        features.MagmaInPassClearDefault = QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_MAGMA_INPASS_CLEAR_DEFAULT");
+        features.MagmaPassCache = QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_MAGMA_PASS_CACHE");
+        features.MagmaVertexConversionCache = QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_MAGMA_VERTEX_CONVERSION_CACHE");
+        features.MagmaWriteRename = QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_MAGMA_WRITE_RENAME");
+        features.EsprytVaoShadow = QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_VAO_SHADOW");
+        features.PipeVertexElementsDedup = QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_PIPE_VERTEX_ELEMENTS_DEDUP");
+        features.PipeFramebufferStateMemo = QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_PIPE_FRAMEBUFFER_STATE_MEMO");
        features.AdvertiseFp64 = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_ADVERTISE_FP64");
        features.MagmaR11G11B10FFallback = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_MAGMA_R11G11B10F_FALLBACK");
        features.MagmaAllowInvalidSpirv = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_MAGMA_ALLOW_INVALID_SPIRV");
-        features.MagmaFramesInFlight = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_MAGMA_FRAMESINFLIGHT", 3, 1, 64);
+        // P15: one backend-neutral knob; the Magma-only spelling stays as a deprecated alias.
+        if (acceptedEnvVariablesMap->count("MOBILEGL_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT") != 0) {
+            features.FramesInFlight = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT", 3, 1, 64);
+        } else {
+            features.FramesInFlight = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_MAGMA_FRAMESINFLIGHT", 3, 1, 64);
+            if (acceptedEnvVariablesMap->count("MOBILEGL_MAGMA_FRAMESINFLIGHT") != 0)
+                MGLOG_W("Config: MOBILEGL_MAGMA_FRAMESINFLIGHT is deprecated; use MOBILEGL_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT");
+        }
+        features.MagmaExtraSwapchainImages = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_MAGMA_EXTRA_SWAPCHAIN_IMAGES", 0, 0, 16);
        features.MagmaMaxDrawsPerCommandBuffer =
            QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_MAGMA_MAX_DRAWS_PER_COMMAND_BUFFER", 16384, 0, 1u << 24);
        features.MagmaDescriptorTrimFrames = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_MAGMA_DESCRIPTOR_TRIM_FRAMES", 120, 0, 1u << 20);
-        features.EsprytAvoidSamplerMipmapMinFilter =
-            QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_AVOID_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MIN_FILTER");
+        features.EsprytAvoidSamplerMipmapMinFilter = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_AVOID_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MIN_FILTER");
        features.EsprytAvoidExplicitLodBias = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_AVOID_EXPLICIT_LOD_BIAS");
        features.EsprytUnlocatedIoBlocks = QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_UNLOCATED_IO_BLOCKS");
+        features.EsprytDeferGeometryEmits = QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_DEFER_GEOMETRY_EMITS");
+        features.EsprytAtomicSubgroupScratch = QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_ATOMIC_SUBGROUP_SCRATCH");
+        features.EsprytInvalidImagePlaceholder = QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_INVALID_IMAGE_PLACEHOLDER");
        features.PointSizeDemotion = QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_POINT_SIZE_DEMOTION");
        features.CoherentAsFlush = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_COHERENT_AS_FLUSH");
        features.TraceSkipAutodestroy = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_TRACE_SKIP_AUTODESTROY");
@@ -365,8 +408,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_ConfigLoader {
        features.EsprytDisableUploadRing = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_DISABLE_UPLOAD_RING");
        features.EsprytDisableInvalidateFlush = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_DISABLE_INVALIDATE_FLUSH");
        features.DisableLargeBufferAdoption = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_DISABLE_LARGE_BUFFER_ADOPTION");
-        features.EsprytForceDepthStencilReadbackEmulation =
-            QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_FORCE_DS_READBACK_EMULATION");
+        features.EsprytForceDepthStencilReadbackEmulation = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_FORCE_DS_READBACK_EMULATION");
        features.RelaxedSemantics = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_RELAXED_SEMANTICS");
        features.MagmaDisableBlendedDepthWriteQuirk =
            QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_MAGMA_DISABLE_BLENDED_DEPTH_WRITE");
@@ -375,45 +417,43 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_ConfigLoader {
        features.EsprytMultiDrawMode = QueryEnvGLESMultiDrawMode("MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_MULTIDRAW_MODE");
        features.AsyncShaderCompile = QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_ASYNC_SHADER_COMPILE");
        features.AsyncShaderCompileThreads = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_ASYNC_SHADER_COMPILE_THREADS", 0, 0, 64);
-        features.AsyncOptimisticShaderStatus =
-            QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_ASYNC_OPTIMISTIC_SHADER_STATUS");
+        features.AsyncOptimisticShaderStatus = QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_ASYNC_OPTIMISTIC_SHADER_STATUS");
        features.ShaderTranslationCache = QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_SHADER_CACHE");
-        features.EsprytViewportArrayEmulation =
-            QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_FORCE_VIEWPORT_ARRAY_EMULATION");
-        features.EsprytWidenPacked16Storage =
-            QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_WIDEN_PACKED16_STORAGE");
+        features.EsprytViewportArrayEmulation = QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_FORCE_VIEWPORT_ARRAY_EMULATION");
+        features.EsprytWidenPacked16Storage = QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_WIDEN_PACKED16_STORAGE");
        features.MagmaPrimGenQueryReroute = QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_MAGMA_PRIMGEN_QUERY_REROUTE");
+        features.MagmaE5RawReads = QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_MAGMA_E5_RAW_READS");
+        features.MagmaSplitSliceCopies = QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_MAGMA_SPLIT_SLICE_COPIES");
+        features.MagmaReemitStateAfterDiscard = QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_MAGMA_REEMIT_STATE_AFTER_DISCARD");
        // MGPipe. Nothing here needs adding to an allow-list: InitializeAcceptedEnvVariables
        // accepts every MOBILEGL_ / LIBGL_ prefixed variable in the environment, so a name
        // that starts with MOBILEGL_ is visible to these queries by construction.
-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH
        // A push build with the knob unset runs every subsystem migrated so far, so the
        // shipped path is the one the gates measure; MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH=0 in the
        // environment is the all-subsystems-pull control that reproduces P1 exactly, and
        // kMGPipeSubsystemsMigratedAtP3a (0x1ff) is the phase-by-phase control - P4a's four
        // subsystems off, everything P3a landed still on.
        features.PipePush = QueryEnvUint64("MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH", MG_Pipe::kMGPipeSubsystemsMigratedAtP5e);
-#else
-        // Meaningless in a pull build: there is nothing to push. Config.h documents 0 as
-        // "pull everything" and that stays literally true.
-        features.PipePush = QueryEnvUint64("MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH", 0);
-#endif
+        // P13 W3b (ID-P13-3): bits 0-13 are fixed on. The arms a cleared bit used to select
+        // (the pre-handle memos, the pull build's frontend reads) are gone, so a cleared bit has
+        // nothing to run; it is refused here, by name, before any backend is brought up, rather
+        // than discovered as an armless subsystem at its first draw. Bit 63 (CSO content
+        // addressing off) stays a switch.
+        if ((features.PipePush & MG_Pipe::kMGPipeSubsystemsMigratedAtP5e) != MG_Pipe::kMGPipeSubsystemsMigratedAtP5e) {
+            MGLOG_F("MGPipe: Fatal{PipeSubsystemsFixedOn, \"MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH=0x%llx clears subsystem "
+                    "bit(s) 0x%llx; bits 0-13 are fixed on since P13 - only bit 63 may be set or "
+                    "cleared\"}",
+                    static_cast<unsigned long long>(features.PipePush),
+                    static_cast<unsigned long long>(MG_Pipe::kMGPipeSubsystemsMigratedAtP5e & ~features.PipePush));
+            std::abort();
+        }
        features.PipeVerify = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_PIPE_VERIFY");
-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH
        // Defaults ON: read as a tri-state so only an explicitly falsy value turns it off.
        features.PipeVerifyFatal =
            QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_PIPE_VERIFY_FATAL") != MG_Config::QuirkOverride::ForceOff;
        QueryEnvVariable("MOBILEGL_PIPE_VERIFY_CORRUPT", features.PipeVerifyCorrupt, "");
        QueryEnvVariable("MOBILEGL_PIPE_POISON_OMIT", features.PipePoisonOmit, "");
-        features.PipeHandleAbaControl = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_PIPE_HANDLE_ABA_CONTROL");
-#endif
        features.PipeStats = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_PIPE_STATS");
-        // Defaults ON, so the flag has to be read as a tri-state rather than as a plain
-        // truthy check: unset must keep the memos, and only an explicitly falsy value may
-        // drop them.
-        features.PipeLegacyMemos =
-            QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS") != MG_Config::QuirkOverride::ForceOff;
-        features.PipeTexelRetainMb = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_PIPE_TEXEL_RETAIN_MB", 0, 0, 4096);
        features.PipeIndexMirrorMb = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_PIPE_INDEX_MIRROR_MB", 64, 0, 4096);
        features.PipeStatsPeriod = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_PIPE_STATS_PERIOD", 120, 1, 1000000);
        QueryEnvVariable("MOBILEGL_PIPE_STATS_FILE", features.PipeStatsFile, "");
@@ -448,7 +488,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_ConfigLoader {

 #if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
    // MOBILEGL_TRANSPORT = monolith | inproc | spawn | unix:<path> | pipe:<name>
-    // (ARCHITECTURE.md:583). Shaped after InitBackendType above: an exact-name table, then
+    // (ARCHITECTURE.md §16). Shaped after InitBackendType above: an exact-name table, then
    // one fallback that names what it did instead. The two prefixed forms are the only
    // reason this is not literally that function's ENTRY macro.
    //
@@ -459,6 +499,15 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_ConfigLoader {
    inline void InitTransport() {
        String value;
        QueryEnvVariable("MOBILEGL_TRANSPORT", value, "monolith");
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+        // As debug.mobilegl.backend above: a developer picks the transport of an app-hosted
+        // library (a launcher's game process) without rebuilding it or its launcher.
+        char property[PROP_VALUE_MAX] = {};
+        if (__system_property_get("debug.mobilegl.transport", property) > 0) {
+            MGLOG_I("Config: debug.mobilegl.transport=%s overrides MOBILEGL_TRANSPORT=%s", property, value.c_str());
+            value = property;
+        }
+#endif
        String lowered = value;
        std::transform(lowered.begin(), lowered.end(), lowered.begin(),
                       [](unsigned char c) { return static_cast<char>(std::tolower(c)); });
@@ -478,12 +527,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_ConfigLoader {
                    "ring to an apply thread");
            return;
        }
-        // The three P6 forms. Recognised precisely, so the diagnostic can say "not yet"
+        // The three P6 forms. Recognised precisely, so the diagnostic can say "rejected"
        // rather than "unknown", which are different bugs on the operator's side.
        // P6 `sm`/`cp`: spawn is IMPLEMENTED. It launches a server process on a
        // rendezvous of its own and connects to it - the two processes are
        // independent, so this is `Dial = Connect` with a launcher attached
-        // rather than the fork-coupled shape ARCHITECTURE.md:488 described.
+        // rather than the fork-coupled shape ARCHITECTURE.md §15.1 described.
        if (lowered == "spawn") {
            MG_Config::Transport = MG_Config::TransportMode::Spawn;
            MG_Config::SplitTransportRequestedByConfig = true; // P7 F1, as above.
@@ -502,9 +551,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_ConfigLoader {
            return;
        }
        if (lowered.compare(0, 5, "unix:") == 0 || lowered.compare(0, 5, "pipe:") == 0) {
-            // unix: and pipe: remain P6+ - connecting to an endpoint SOMEBODY
-            // ELSE is listening on needs the server lifecycle to be somebody
-            // else's too, which is P12's. Named, never a silent degrade.
+            // unix: and pipe: are NOT MOBILEGL_TRANSPORT values and are rejected here. Connecting
+            // to a server somebody else is listening on is `spawn` plus
+            // MOBILEGL_IPC_CONTROL=unix:<path>|unix:@<name>|tcp://host:port (InitIpc); there is
+            // no pipe: form. Named, never a silent degrade.
            MGLOG_E("Config: MOBILEGL_TRANSPORT='%s' names a transport P6 does not implement yet; "
                    "staying on monolith. This run is NOT a split run.",
                    value.c_str());
@@ -531,29 +581,15 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_ConfigLoader {
        // are sanity, not policy.
        ipc.RingMb = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_IPC_RING_MB", 8, 1, 1024);
        ipc.StageMb = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_IPC_STAGE_MB", 32, 1, 4096);
-        // P7 wave 4 M2 (Config.h has the semantics). 0 is admitted ON PURPOSE as the negative
-        // control: no forced sync, and MagmaWireReclaimScenario's watermark case must go red.
-        ipc.WireDeferredMb = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_IPC_WIRE_DEFERRED_MB", 64, 0, 65536);
        ipc.SpinUs = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_IPC_SPIN_US", 50, 0, 1000000);
        // PH-6 (ID-P7-2; Config.h has the semantics). 0 is NOT admitted: a server with no
        // patience at all would forfeit a healthy run-ahead client the first time its ring
        // filled between two of the client's drains, which is an ordinary backlog.
        ipc.EventWaitMs = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_IPC_EVENT_WAIT_MS", 2000, 1, 600000);
-        // 0 is admitted ON PURPOSE and is the negative control of exit gate E3(a): it turns
-        // the persistent-map push OFF, and PersistentCoherentMapScenario must go red.
-        ipc.PersistentBlockKb = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_IPC_PERSISTENT_BLOCK_KB", 64, 0, 65536);
-        // Whole-range push is the 0 arm; with it on (default) only blocks whose
-        // xxHash64 changed since the last push are shipped.
-        ipc.PersistentHashSuppress = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_IPC_PERSISTENT_HASH_SUPPRESS", 1, 0, 1);
        ipc.BatchWaits = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_IPC_BATCH_WAITS", 1, 0, 1);
-        // The create window. DEFAULT 6, and it works because a link that declares RetainsReplies
-        // keeps a declared answer until its reader takes it - Config.h carries the three reasons it
-        // was inert before, the device numbers, and the sweep that put the default at 6 rather
-        // than 4 or 8 (the curve flattens at 6: 4->5 buys 1.92 s, 5->6 0.53 s, 6->8 nothing).
-        // Capped at 8: the retained set is bounded by the window's own depth, the store holds 24
-        // declared answers, and the device sweep showed the wall clock still falling at the old
-        // cap of 4 (see WireTables.cpp's kCreateWindowMax). WireTables.cpp's static_assert and
-        // StreamLink's crossing log are the checks on this number.
+        // The create window: default 10, range 1..12. 12 is WireTables.cpp's kCreateWindowMax, half
+        // of the stream link's declared-answer store, and its static_assert checks that bound.
+        // Config.h has the semantics and the reason for the default.
        ipc.CreateWindow = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_IPC_CREATE_WINDOW", 10, 1, 12);
        // P9 W1: the pack-buffer readback's A/B and red-once control (Config.h says both).
        ipc.PboReadbackSync = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_IPC_PBO_READBACK_SYNC", 0, 0, 1);
@@ -573,7 +609,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_ConfigLoader {
        // P11 B2: the server's own T0 allow switch (Config.h).
        ipc.AllowAdoptT0 = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_IPC_ALLOW_ADOPT_T0", 1, 0, 1);
        ipc.VerbBarrier = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_IPC_VERB_BARRIER", 1, 0, 1);
-        // P5e (MG_Remote/CONTRACT-P5E.md §1). The wait rule's A/B, parsed here like every
+        // P5e (docs/archive/contracts/CONTRACT-P5E.md §1). The wait rule's A/B, parsed here like every
        // other IPC knob and armed only where the server publishes kCapRunAheadApply.
        ipc.RunAhead = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_IPC_RUN_AHEAD", 1, 0, 1);
        // ... and forced OFF by the verify harness for BatchWaits' reason, one step further:
@@ -583,19 +619,32 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_ConfigLoader {
        // The present credit (ruling 4). 1 is one frame of overlap; 8 is the ceiling because a
        // deeper queue buys nothing on a CPU-bound client and pays for it in latency. 0 is NOT
        // admitted: a credit of zero would mean "publish no present at all".
-        ipc.PresentCredit = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_IPC_PRESENT_CREDIT", 1, 1, 8);
+        // P15: derived from MOBILEGL_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT (Config.h states the mapping); the explicit
+        // knob stays as an override for experiments.
+        {
+            const Uint32 derived = std::max<Uint32>(
+                1u, std::min<Uint32>(8u, MG_Config::Features.FramesInFlight > 2 ? MG_Config::Features.FramesInFlight - 2
+                                                                                : 1u));
+            ipc.PresentCredit = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_IPC_PRESENT_CREDIT", derived, 1, 8);
+        }
        // CONTRACT-P6 D5b's reply bound and P7's cold-start budget (Config.h has the semantics).
        // Both are floored at 100 ms: a zero bound would declare every live server silent.
        ipc.ControlTimeoutMs = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_IPC_CONTROL_TIMEOUT_MS", 5000, 100, 600000);
        ipc.ColdStartMs = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_IPC_COLD_START_MS", 20000, 100, 600000);
        ipc.StrictErrors = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_IPC_STRICT_ERRORS");
+        ipc.WaitStats = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_IPC_WAIT_STATS");
        ipc.Audit = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_IPC_AUDIT");
        QueryEnvVariable("MOBILEGL_IPC_SERVER_AFFINITY", ipc.ServerAffinity, "auto");
        // P5f f1: the dual-block rehearsal (P5F-WIRE-COMPLETENESS.md §4). Forced OFF by the
        // verify harness: the comparator's entry compare and compare-at-read hook are built on
        // there being ONE filled block (the hook pins itself to &gPipeInputs,
        // PipeFill.cpp's MGPipeVerifyReadHook), which is exactly what the rehearsal splits.
-        ipc.RoleSplitState = QueryEnvFlag("MOBILEGL_IPC_ROLE_SPLIT_STATE");
+        // P15: ON BY DEFAULT. Every split lane and the on-device retrace gate already ran with it,
+        // and the dual-block census is empty (no apply reads a client-filled field), so the
+        // shipped arm now matches what is tested - and with two blocks the client's fill is its
+        // own and needs no applier quiesce. 0 still turns it off (the negative control does).
+        ipc.RoleSplitState =
+            QueryEnvQuirkOverride("MOBILEGL_IPC_ROLE_SPLIT_STATE") != MG_Config::QuirkOverride::ForceOff;
        if (MG_Config::Features.PipeVerify && ipc.RoleSplitState) {
            MGLOG_W("Config: MOBILEGL_IPC_ROLE_SPLIT_STATE=1 is incompatible with "
                    "MOBILEGL_PIPE_VERIFY (the comparator owns the single fill block); "
@@ -668,12 +717,14 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_ConfigLoader {
                "persistent-block=%uKiB create-window=%u pbo-readback-sync=%u poll-escalate=%u "
                "adopt-tier=%s allow-t0=%u verb-barrier=%u run-ahead=%u present-credit=%u control-timeout=%ums "
                "cold-start=%ums strict=%d audit=%d role-split-state=%d affinity='%s' surface=%s",
-                ipc.RingMb, ipc.StageMb, ipc.WireDeferredMb, ipc.SpinUs, ipc.EventWaitMs,
-                ipc.PersistentBlockKb, ipc.CreateWindow, ipc.PboReadbackSync, ipc.PollEscalate,
-                ipc.AdoptTier == 0 ? "0" : ipc.AdoptTier == 1 ? "1" : ipc.AdoptTier == 2 ? "2" : "unset(T0)",
-                ipc.AllowAdoptT0,
-                ipc.VerbBarrier, ipc.RunAhead, ipc.PresentCredit, ipc.ControlTimeoutMs, ipc.ColdStartMs,
-                static_cast<int>(ipc.StrictErrors), static_cast<int>(ipc.Audit),
+                ipc.RingMb, ipc.StageMb, MG_Config::RecordArm.WireDeferredMb, ipc.SpinUs, ipc.EventWaitMs,
+                MG_Config::RecordArm.PersistentBlockKb, ipc.CreateWindow, ipc.PboReadbackSync, ipc.PollEscalate,
+                ipc.AdoptTier == 0   ? "0"
+                : ipc.AdoptTier == 1 ? "1"
+                : ipc.AdoptTier == 2 ? "2"
+                                     : "unset(T0)",
+                ipc.AllowAdoptT0, ipc.VerbBarrier, ipc.RunAhead, ipc.PresentCredit, ipc.ControlTimeoutMs,
+                ipc.ColdStartMs, static_cast<int>(ipc.StrictErrors), static_cast<int>(ipc.Audit),
                static_cast<int>(ipc.RoleSplitState), ipc.ServerAffinity.c_str(),
                MG_Config::ServerOwnedWindowSurfaces() ? "server" : "offscreen");
        if (ipc.VerbBarrier == 0) {
@@ -681,6 +732,26 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_ConfigLoader {
                    "expected to fail: the client still pulls 31 of 63 PipeInputs fields from a "
                    "live GLContext, so an unbarriered queue lets the server read future values");
        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // P13 W5: the record arm's knobs (Config.h RecordArmTable), in every build that has the arm.
+    inline void InitRecordArm() {
+        MG_Config::RecordArmTable& ipc = MG_Config::RecordArm;
+        // P7 wave 4 M2 (Config.h has the semantics). 0 is admitted ON PURPOSE as the negative
+        // control: no forced sync, and MagmaWireReclaimScenario's watermark case must go red.
+        ipc.WireDeferredMb = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_IPC_WIRE_DEFERRED_MB", 64, 0, 65536);
+        // 0 is admitted ON PURPOSE and is the negative control of exit gate E3(a): it turns
+        // the persistent-map push OFF, and PersistentCoherentMapScenario must go red.
+        ipc.PersistentBlockKb = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_IPC_PERSISTENT_BLOCK_KB", 64, 0, 65536);
+        // Whole-range push is the 0 arm; with it on (default) only blocks whose
+        // xxHash64 changed since the last push are shipped.
+        ipc.PersistentHashSuppress = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_IPC_PERSISTENT_HASH_SUPPRESS", 1, 0, 1);
+        ipc.PersistentMprotect = QueryEnvUint32("MOBILEGL_PIPE_PERSISTENT_MPROTECT", 1, 0, 1);
+        if (ipc.PersistentMprotect == 0) {
+            MGLOG_W("Config: MOBILEGL_PIPE_PERSISTENT_MPROTECT=0 - no SIGSEGV handler is installed "
+                    "for persistent write maps; every one takes the hash scan");
+        }
        if (ipc.WireDeferredMb == 0) {
            MGLOG_W("Config: MOBILEGL_IPC_WIRE_DEFERRED_MB=0 is the M2 NEGATIVE CONTROL: the "
                    "server never forces a sync for orphaned wire buffer stores, so a long frame "
@@ -691,7 +762,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_ConfigLoader {
                    "the persistent-map push is OFF and a coherent-map scenario must go red");
        }
    }
-#endif

    void Init() {
        MGLOG_D("Loading configuration from environment variables...");
@@ -699,6 +769,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_ConfigLoader {

        InitBackendType();
        InitFeatures();
+        InitRecordArm();
 #if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        // After InitFeatures, so the one line InitIpc logs is the last word on this run's
        // configuration, and before the accepted-env map is destroyed just below.
@@ -107,14 +107,14 @@
 // 2026-08-13 renumbering unchanged; the contract is and stays
 // "INFO builds: asserts OFF; DEBUG builds: asserts ON".
 #if MOBILEGL_LOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL <= MOBILEGL_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
-    #define MOBILEGL_ASSERT(condition, ...)                                                                                \
-        do {                                                                                                               \
-            if (!(condition)) {                                                                                            \
-                MGLOG_F("Assertion failed" __VA_OPT__(": ") __VA_ARGS__);                                                  \
-                MGLOG_F("  at %s:%d (%s)", __FILE__, __LINE__, __func__);                                                  \
-                TRAP;                                                                                                      \
-            }                                                                                                              \
-        } while (0)
+#define MOBILEGL_ASSERT(condition, ...)                                                                                \
+    do {                                                                                                               \
+        if (!(condition)) {                                                                                            \
+            MGLOG_F("Assertion failed" __VA_OPT__(": ") __VA_ARGS__);                                                  \
+            MGLOG_F("  at %s:%d (%s)", __FILE__, __LINE__, __func__);                                                  \
+            TRAP;                                                                                                      \
+        }                                                                                                              \
+    } while (0)
 #else
-    #define MOBILEGL_ASSERT(condition, ...)
+#define MOBILEGL_ASSERT(condition, ...)
 #endif
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 // End of Source File Header

 #include "Config.h"
+#include <MG_Backend/BackendObject.h>

 namespace MobileGL {
    namespace MG_Config {
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #if MOBILEGL_PIPE_VERIFY
 #include <MG_Backend/MGPipe/PipeInputs.h> // MGPipeVerifyFlushSummary, before Debug::Close in DestroyImpl
 #endif
+#include <MG_Impl/Pipe/Verb/VerbPort.h>
 #if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
 #include <MG_Remote/Client/ServerProbe.h>
 #endif
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ namespace MobileGL {
                MGLOG_I("MobileGL closing...");
            }
 #if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
-            // P5: the split roles come down FIRST - ARCHITECTURE.md:537's order puts the whole
+            // P5: the split roles come down FIRST - ARCHITECTURE.md §14's order puts the whole
            // of it before MobileGL::Destroy(), and this function IS MobileGL::Destroy. A no-op
            // in a monolith RUN; absent from a monolith BUILD, because G1 admits no new pull
            // symbol and no resized one (the first version called it unconditionally and moved
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ namespace MobileGL {

            // TODO: add and use Destroy functions for other subsystems
        }
-    }
+    } // namespace

    void Initialize() {
        if (g_isInitialized) {
@@ -162,7 +163,7 @@ namespace MobileGL {
        // lavapipe and on an Adreno 830, because the two Init calls are two statements in one
        // thread. And "the legacy pull path runs for it" is false under split - the client has
        // no pull path to fall back to - so the records are simply lost, and only a later
-        // respecify's self-healing create (TextureEmit.h:872) ever brings one back.
+        // respecify's self-healing create (EmitResourceRespecify in TextureEmit.h) ever brings one back.
        //
        // A BOUNDED WAIT INSIDE ServerConsumes CANNOT FIX THIS AND WOULD DEADLOCK: during
        // MG_State::Init() no handshake is in flight, and the one that will land is started
@@ -182,6 +183,13 @@ namespace MobileGL {
 #endif
        {
            MG_Backend::Init();
+            // P13 W4: monolith's record arm reads the verb's own state, which only a verb sink
+            // writes; the port routes the ported verbs through one (MG_Impl/Pipe/Verb/VerbPort.cpp).
+            // Installed HERE, by the library's role-neutral init, rather than by MG_Backend's: the
+            // port is client code, and the server image must not need it to link.
+            if (MG_Config::RecordArmAliasesFrontend() && MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject) {
+                MG_Record::InstallMonolithVerbPort(MG_Backend::gBackendFunctionsTable);
+            }
        }
        MGLOG_D("MG_Backend initialized");
        MG_Impl::Init();
@@ -33,10 +33,11 @@ namespace MobileGL {
    } // namespace MG_ConfigLoader

    // Whether this process can be served right now. False when MobileGL is configured to reach a
-    // server that is not there (or a split session already failed to come up), or when the process
-    // asked for software rendering (LIBGL_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE, desktop Linux), so a
+    // server that is not there (or a split session already failed to come up), so a
    // caller that can choose another implementation - the system's EGL/GLX/GBM loaders - should
-    // decline rather than hand out something that cannot draw. Cheap: once true it stays true
+    // decline rather than hand out something that cannot draw. LIBGL_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE does NOT
+    // make it false: that variable selects the system GL's software renderer and is not a reason
+    // to disable MobileGL's entry points. Cheap: once true it stays true
    // until the library is torn down, and a probe is one non-blocking connect with a short bound.
    Bool ImplementationAvailable();

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/BackendFunctions.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#include "BackendFunctions.h"
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend {
+    namespace {
+        MG_Util::Damage::Region& PresentDamageSlot() {
+            thread_local MG_Util::Damage::Region damage = MG_Util::Damage::Region::Full();
+            return damage;
+        }
+    } // namespace
+
+    const MG_Util::Damage::Region& CurrentPresentDamage() {
+        return PresentDamageSlot();
+    }
+    void SetCurrentPresentDamage(const MG_Util::Damage::Region& damage) {
+        PresentDamageSlot() = damage;
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/BackendFunctions.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#pragma once
+#include <Includes.h>
+#include "MG_State/GLState/TextureState/TextureEnum.h"
+#include <MG_Util/Damage/Damage.h>
+#include <MG_Pipe/MGPipeHandles.h>
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_State::GLState {
+    class FramebufferObject;
+    class ITextureObject;
+    class RenderbufferObject;
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_State::GLState
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend {
+    // One endpoint of a glCopyImageSubData. GL 4.6 core 18.3.2 accepts GL_RENDERBUFFER
+    // alongside the ten whole-image texture targets, and a renderbuffer name lives in a
+    // namespace of its own - so an endpoint is a sum type, not an ITextureObject. At most
+    // one of the two pointers is set; neither is set when the name named nothing, which is
+    // the INVALID_VALUE the frontend validator reports.
+    struct CopyImageEndpoint {
+        SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> Texture;
+        SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject> Renderbuffer;
+        MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle TextureHandle = MG_Pipe::kMGPipeNullHandle;
+        MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle RenderbufferHandle = MG_Pipe::kMGPipeNullHandle;
+
+        Bool IsRenderbuffer() const {
+            if (!MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(RenderbufferHandle)) return true;
+            return Renderbuffer != nullptr;
+        }
+        Bool Exists() const {
+            if (!MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(TextureHandle)) return true;
+            if (!MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(RenderbufferHandle)) return true;
+            return Texture != nullptr || Renderbuffer != nullptr;
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Opaque backend fence-sync handle, created by GLFunctionsTable::FenceSync
+    // and released by GLFunctionsTable::DeleteSync.
+    using BackendSyncHandle = void*;
+
+    // Opaque backend timer-query handle, created by
+    // GLFunctionsTable::BeginTimeElapsedQuery / QueryCounterTimestamp and
+    // released by GLFunctionsTable::DeleteBackendQuery.
+    using BackendQueryHandle = void*;
+
+    struct GLFunctionsTable {
+        void (*DrawArrays)(GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count);
+        void (*DrawElements)(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices);
+        void (*DrawElementsBaseVertex)(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices, GLint basevertex);
+        void (*MultiDrawArrays)(GLenum mode, const GLint* first, const GLsizei* count, GLsizei drawcount);
+        void (*MultiDrawElements)(GLenum mode, const GLsizei* count, GLenum type, const GLvoid* const* indices,
+                                  GLsizei drawcount);
+        void (*MultiDrawElementsBaseVertex)(GLenum mode, const GLsizei* count, GLenum type,
+                                            const GLvoid* const* indices, GLsizei drawcount, const GLint* basevertex);
+        void (*MultiDrawElementsIndirect)(GLenum mode, GLenum type, const void* indirect, GLsizei drawcount,
+                                          GLsizei stride);
+        void (*MultiDrawArraysIndirect)(GLenum mode, const void* indirect, GLsizei drawcount, GLsizei stride);
+        void (*MultiDrawElementsIndirectCount)(GLenum mode, GLenum type, const void* indirect, GLintptr drawcount,
+                                               GLsizei maxdrawcount, GLsizei stride);
+        void (*MultiDrawArraysIndirectCount)(GLenum mode, const void* indirect, GLintptr drawcount,
+                                             GLsizei maxdrawcount, GLsizei stride);
+        void (*DrawRangeElementsBaseVertex)(GLenum mode, GLuint start, GLuint end, GLsizei count, GLenum type,
+                                            const void* indices, GLint basevertex);
+        void (*DrawRangeElements)(GLenum mode, GLuint start, GLuint end, GLsizei count, GLenum type,
+                                  const void* indices);
+        void (*DrawElementsInstancedBaseVertexBaseInstance)(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type,
+                                                            const void* indices, GLsizei instancecount,
+                                                            GLint basevertex, GLuint baseinstance);
+        void (*DrawElementsInstancedBaseVertex)(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices,
+                                                GLsizei instancecount, GLint basevertex);
+        void (*DrawElementsInstancedBaseInstance)(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices,
+                                                  GLsizei instancecount, GLuint baseinstance);
+        void (*DrawElementsInstanced)(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices,
+                                      GLsizei instancecount);
+        void (*DrawArraysInstancedBaseInstance)(GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count, GLsizei instancecount,
+                                                GLuint baseinstance);
+        void (*DrawArraysInstanced)(GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count, GLsizei instancecount);
+        void (*DrawElementsIndirect)(GLenum mode, GLenum type, const void* indirect);
+        void (*DrawArraysIndirect)(GLenum mode, const void* indirect);
+        void (*Clear)(GLbitfield mask);
+        void (*ClearBufferfi)(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, GLfloat depth, GLint stencil);
+        void (*ClearBufferfv)(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLfloat* value);
+        void (*ClearBufferuiv)(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLuint* value);
+        void (*ClearBufferiv)(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLint* value);
+        void (*ClearNamedFramebufferfv)(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& framebuffer,
+                                        GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLfloat* value);
+        void (*ClearNamedFramebufferfi)(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& framebuffer,
+                                        GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, GLfloat depth, GLint stencil);
+        void (*ClearNamedFramebufferiv)(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& framebuffer,
+                                        GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLint* value);
+        void (*ClearNamedFramebufferuiv)(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& framebuffer,
+                                         GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLuint* value);
+        void (*BlitFramebuffer)(GLint srcX0, GLint srcY0, GLint srcX1, GLint srcY1, GLint dstX0, GLint dstY0,
+                                GLint dstX1, GLint dstY1, GLbitfield mask, GLenum filter);
+        void (*BlitNamedFramebuffer)(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& readFramebuffer,
+                                     const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& drawFramebuffer,
+                                     GLint srcX0, GLint srcY0, GLint srcX1, GLint srcY1, GLint dstX0, GLint dstY0,
+                                     GLint dstX1, GLint dstY1, GLbitfield mask, GLenum filter);
+        void (*CopyTexImage2D)(GLenum target, GLint level, GLenum internalformat, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width,
+                               GLsizei height, GLint border);
+        void (*CopyTexSubImage2D)(GLenum target, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLint x, GLint y,
+                                  GLsizei width, GLsizei height);
+        // The by-name form: the destination is `texture`, whatever the units hold. `target` is
+        // the one the record carries (the texture's own 2D-class target).
+        void (*CopyTextureSubImage2D)(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& texture, GLenum target,
+                                      GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width,
+                                      GLsizei height);
+        void (*CopyImageSubData)(const CopyImageEndpoint& src, GLenum srcTarget, GLint srcLevel, GLint srcX, GLint srcY,
+                                 GLint srcZ, const CopyImageEndpoint& dst, GLenum dstTarget, GLint dstLevel, GLint dstX,
+                                 GLint dstY, GLint dstZ, GLsizei srcWidth, GLsizei srcHeight, GLsizei srcDepth);
+        void (*GenerateMipmap)(GLenum target);
+        // The by-name form, also used once the bound-target form has resolved its texture.
+        void (*GenerateTextureMipmap)(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& texture, GLenum target);
+        void (*ReadPixels)(GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLenum format, GLenum type, void* pixels);
+        void (*GetTexImage)(GLenum target, GLint level, GLenum format, GLenum type, GLvoid* pixels);
+        void (*GetTextureImage)(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& texture,
+                                TextureUploadTarget uploadTarget, GLint level, GLenum format, GLenum type,
+                                GLsizei bufSize, GLvoid* pixels);
+        void (*DispatchCompute)(GLuint numGroupsX, GLuint numGroupsY, GLuint numGroupsZ);
+        void (*DispatchComputeIndirect)(GLintptr indirect);
+        void (*MemoryBarrier)(GLbitfield barriers);
+        void (*MemoryBarrierByRegion)(GLbitfield barriers);
+        void (*BindImageTexture)(GLuint unit, GLuint texture, GLint level, GLboolean layered, GLint layer,
+                                 GLenum access, GLenum format);
+        // The ONLY indexed query that is genuinely a backend one, and only for the pnames
+        // MG_Impl/GLImpl/Getter/GL_Getter.cpp does not already own. Every indexed pname that
+        // names FRONTEND state - the indexed buffer bindings, the per-unit texture/sampler
+        // bindings, the image-unit bindings, the viewport rectangles, the indexed capabilities
+        // - is answered in GL_Getter::GetIntegeri_v and never reaches this entry; the
+        // 64-bit and float/double widths are derived there from the same answer, which is why
+        // no GetInteger64i_v/GetFloati_v/GetDoublei_v table entry exists. In practice this
+        // leaves GL_MAX_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_COUNT / _SIZE (also asked directly by
+        // MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/CompileEnv.cpp) plus whatever pname the frontend has no
+        // case for at all.
+        void (*GetIntegeri_v)(GLenum target, GLuint index, GLint* data);
+        // There is deliberately NO GetProgramiv entry: glGetProgramiv describes the program
+        // the APPLICATION wrote - link status, the transform-feedback mode, the compute local
+        // size - all of which are frontend link artifacts on ProgramObject, and
+        // MG_Impl/GLImpl/Program/GL_Program.cpp answers every one of them from there. Asking a
+        // backend would mean asking about a DIFFERENT program (a SPIRV-Cross-generated ESSL
+        // one, or a SPIR-V module), in a namespace the application never sees.
+        // The GL program interface (glGetProgramInterfaceiv / glGetProgramResource*) is NOT
+        // a backend query: it describes the program the application wrote, in the
+        // application's namespace, which neither backend program is in. It is answered
+        // entirely by MG_Impl/GLImpl/Program/ProgramInterface from the frontend reflection.
+        // Takes the block's GL NAME, not glShaderStorageBlockBinding's index. The index
+        // the application passes is the frontend interface-query enumeration's, and no
+        // backend shares that index space: DirectVulkan enumerates SPIR-V descriptor
+        // bindings and DirectGLES asks a real driver about SPIRV-Cross-generated ESSL.
+        // The name is the one coordinate all three agree on, so the frontend resolves the
+        // index against its own enumeration and each backend maps the name to its own.
+        void (*ShaderStorageBlockBinding)(GLuint program, const GLchar* storageBlockName, GLuint storageBlockBinding);
+        // GL fence sync objects. All entries are optional (may be null); the
+        // frontend then falls back to always-signaled sync semantics.
+        // FenceSync may itself return null when the backend cannot create a
+        // fence right now (e.g. the calling thread does not own the backend
+        // context); the frontend treats such a sync as always signaled.
+        BackendSyncHandle (*FenceSync)();
+        GLenum (*ClientWaitSync)(BackendSyncHandle sync, GLbitfield flags, GLuint64 timeout);
+        void (*WaitSync)(BackendSyncHandle sync, GLbitfield flags, GLuint64 timeout);
+        void (*DeleteSync)(BackendSyncHandle sync);
+        Bool (*GetSyncStatus)(BackendSyncHandle sync); // true = signaled
+        // GL timer-query objects (GL_ARB_timer_query). All entries are
+        // optional (may be null); the frontend then falls back to zero
+        // results and reports GL_QUERY_COUNTER_BITS == 0.
+        // BeginTimeElapsedQuery / QueryCounterTimestamp may themselves
+        // return null when the backend cannot create a query right now;
+        // the frontend treats such a query as immediately available with
+        // a zero result.
+        // Dynamic support check: true only when the live backend can
+        // actually time at the moment of the call (extension / entry
+        // points / timestamp valid bits are known then, not at table
+        // init). Gates the advertised GL_QUERY_COUNTER_BITS.
+        Bool (*IsTimerQuerySupported)();
+        BackendQueryHandle (*BeginTimeElapsedQuery)();            // starts a TIME_ELAPSED span
+        void (*EndTimeElapsedQuery)(BackendQueryHandle query);    // ends the span
+        BackendQueryHandle (*QueryCounterTimestamp)();            // glQueryCounter(GL_TIMESTAMP) one-shot
+        Bool (*IsQueryResultAvailable)(BackendQueryHandle query); // non-blocking
+        // Returns true when a final value was produced (*outNanoseconds
+        // written; the frontend may cache it and release the handle).
+        // Returns false when the result could not be obtained YET - e.g.
+        // a Vulkan wait that refuses to block on a not-yet-submitted
+        // frame serial - in which case the frontend must keep the handle
+        // and leave the query readable later.
+        Bool (*GetQueryResult64)(BackendQueryHandle query, Bool wait, Uint64* outNanoseconds);
+        void (*DeleteBackendQuery)(BackendQueryHandle query);
+        // GL_SAMPLES_PASSED occlusion queries (optional; null = unsupported,
+        // the frontend then rejects the target). Results/deletion flow through
+        // GetQueryResult64 / DeleteBackendQuery like timer queries.
+        BackendQueryHandle (*BeginOcclusionQuery)();
+        void (*EndOcclusionQuery)(BackendQueryHandle query);
+        // Transform feedback primitive queries backed by real GPU query pools
+        // (optional; null = frontend falls back to CPU accounting).
+        BackendQueryHandle (*BeginXfbPrimitivesQuery)(Bool generated);
+        void (*EndXfbPrimitivesQuery)(BackendQueryHandle query);
+        // Whether GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_PRIMITIVES_WRITTEN should be answered from the
+        // frontend's own accounting wherever that accounting is exact - a capture with no
+        // geometry stage - instead of from the query above. Set by DirectGLES, whose result
+        // is whatever the ES driver's PRIMITIVES_WRITTEN counter says: Adreno reports twice
+        // the written count for a vertex-only capture that follows a large render pass,
+        // where the desktop-exact answer is the one the frontend already computed. Defaults
+        // to false, so a backend that never sets it keeps using its GPU result.
+        Bool PrefersCpuXfbPrimitiveAccounting = false;
+        // Transform feedback capture spans, for backends whose own GL/ES driver
+        // performs the capture (DirectGLES). Both optional; null means the backend
+        // drives capture from its draw recording instead (DirectVulkan). End is
+        // called while the frontend capture state is still active, so the backend
+        // can still see the capture program and buffer bindings.
+        // GL_PATCH_VERTICES; ES 3.2 spells it the same way.
+        void (*PatchParameteri)(GLenum pname, GLint value);
+        void (*BeginTransformFeedback)(GLenum primitiveMode);
+        void (*EndTransformFeedback)();
+        // ARB_transform_feedback2. A backend that leaves these null keeps the single
+        // implicit capture span the frontend has always modelled; the frontend state
+        // (paused flag, per-object bindings) is tracked either way.
+        void (*PauseTransformFeedback)();
+        void (*ResumeTransformFeedback)();
+        void (*BindTransformFeedback)(GLuint name);
+        void (*DeleteTransformFeedback)(GLuint name);
+        Int64 (*GetGpuTimestampNs)(); // glGetInteger64v(GL_TIMESTAMP); 0 if unsupported
+    };
+    struct GlobalBackendFunctionsTable {
+        GLFunctionsTable GL;
+        void (*Present)();
+        // Optional: applies the app-requested eglSwapInterval to the native
+        // presentation path (null = backend keeps its own pacing policy).
+        void (*SetSwapInterval)(Int interval);
+    };
+
+    // THE DAMAGE OF THE PRESENT BEING APPLIED on this thread: the server's apply thread sets it
+    // around the backend's Present (from the present record), and a backend that can hand damage
+    // to its native present reads it there. Full whenever nothing set it.
+    const MG_Util::Damage::Region& CurrentPresentDamage();
+    void SetCurrentPresentDamage(const MG_Util::Damage::Region& damage);
+
+    extern GlobalBackendFunctionsTable gBackendFunctionsTable;
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend
@@ -7,11 +7,7 @@
 // End of Source File Header

 #include "BackendObject.h"
-#include "MG_Util/Converters/MGToStr/TextureEnumConverter.h"
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <iomanip>
-#include <sstream>

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend {
    namespace {
@@ -23,150 +19,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend {
        std::thread::id CurrentThreadKey() {
            return std::this_thread::get_id();
        }
-
-        const char* GetFormatCapabilitySupportString(const FormatCapabilityCache& cache,
-                                                     SizeT targetIndex,
-                                                     SizeT formatIndex,
-                                                     FormatCapability capability) {
-            if (HasFormatCapability(cache.FullCaps[targetIndex][formatIndex], capability)) return "Full";
-            if (HasFormatCapability(cache.CaveatCaps[targetIndex][formatIndex], capability)) return "Caveat";
-            return "None";
-        }
-
-        SizeT GetPrintedFormatNameWidth() {
-            SizeT width = 0;
-            for (SizeT formatIndex = 0; formatIndex < kFormatCapabilityFormatCount; ++formatIndex) {
-                const auto format = static_cast<TextureInternalFormat>(formatIndex);
-                width = std::max(width, MG_Util::ConvertTextureInternalFormatToString(format).size());
-            }
-            return width;
-        }
-
-        SizeT GetCapabilityColumnWidth(FormatCapability capability) {
-            SizeT width = std::strlen(GetFormatCapabilityName(capability));
-            width = std::max<SizeT>(width, std::strlen("Caveat"));
-            return width;
-        }
-
-        String BuildFormatCapabilityHeader(SizeT formatNameWidth) {
-            std::ostringstream line;
-            line << std::left << std::setw(static_cast<Int>(formatNameWidth)) << "";
-            for (FormatCapability capability : kReportedFormatCapabilities) {
-                line << " | " << std::left << std::setw(static_cast<Int>(GetCapabilityColumnWidth(capability)))
-                     << GetFormatCapabilityName(capability);
-            }
-            return line.str();
-        }
-
-        String BuildFormatCapabilityRow(const FormatCapabilityCache& cache,
-                                        SizeT targetIndex,
-                                        SizeT formatIndex,
-                                        SizeT formatNameWidth) {
-            const auto format = static_cast<TextureInternalFormat>(formatIndex);
-            std::ostringstream line;
-            line << std::left << std::setw(static_cast<Int>(formatNameWidth))
-                 << MG_Util::ConvertTextureInternalFormatToString(format);
-            for (FormatCapability capability : kReportedFormatCapabilities) {
-                line << " | " << std::left << std::setw(static_cast<Int>(GetCapabilityColumnWidth(capability)))
-                     << GetFormatCapabilitySupportString(cache, targetIndex, formatIndex, capability);
-            }
-            return line.str();
-        }
    } // namespace

-    void FormatCapabilityCache::Clear() {
-        for (auto& row : FullCaps) {
-            row.fill(FormatCapabilityFlags{});
-        }
-        for (auto& row : CaveatCaps) {
-            row.fill(FormatCapabilityFlags{});
-        }
-        for (auto& row : SampleCounts) {
-            for (auto& counts : row) {
-                counts.clear();
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    Bool HasFormatCapability(FormatCapabilityFlags caps, FormatCapability capability) {
-        return static_cast<Bool>(caps & capability);
-    }
-
-    SizeT GetFormatCapabilityTargetIndex(TextureTarget target) {
-        if (target == TextureTarget::Unknown || static_cast<Int>(target) < 0 ||
-            static_cast<SizeT>(target) >= kFormatCapabilityTextureTargetCount) {
-            return kFormatCapabilityTargetCount;
-        }
-        // An external texture is a 2D one wherever a format can go.
-        if (target == TextureTarget::External) return static_cast<SizeT>(TextureTarget::Texture2D);
-        return static_cast<SizeT>(target);
-    }
-
-    SizeT GetRenderbufferFormatCapabilityTargetIndex() {
-        return kFormatCapabilityRenderbufferTargetIndex;
-    }
-
-    const char* GetFormatCapabilityName(FormatCapability capability) {
-        switch (capability) {
-        case FormatCapability::Creatable:
-            return "Creatable";
-        case FormatCapability::Sampled:
-            return "Sampled";
-        case FormatCapability::LinearFilter:
-            return "LinearFilter";
-        case FormatCapability::GenerateMipmap:
-            return "GenerateMipmap";
-        case FormatCapability::TextureGather:
-            return "TextureGather";
-        case FormatCapability::TextureShadow:
-            return "TextureShadow";
-        case FormatCapability::FramebufferRenderable:
-            return "FramebufferRenderable";
-        case FormatCapability::FramebufferLayered:
-            return "FramebufferLayered";
-        case FormatCapability::MultisampleTexture:
-            return "MultisampleTexture";
-        case FormatCapability::MultisampleRenderbuffer:
-            return "MultisampleRenderbuffer";
-        case FormatCapability::ColorAttachment:
-            return "ColorAttachment";
-        case FormatCapability::DepthAttachment:
-            return "DepthAttachment";
-        case FormatCapability::StencilAttachment:
-            return "StencilAttachment";
-        case FormatCapability::TextureBuffer:
-            return "TextureBuffer";
-        }
-        return "Unknown";
-    }
-
-    String GetFormatCapabilityTargetName(SizeT targetIndex) {
-        if (targetIndex == kFormatCapabilityRenderbufferTargetIndex) {
-            return "Renderbuffer";
-        }
-        if (targetIndex >= kFormatCapabilityTextureTargetCount) {
-            return "Unknown";
-        }
-        return MG_Util::ConvertTextureTargetToString(static_cast<TextureTarget>(targetIndex));
-    }
-
-    void PrintFormatCapabilities(const FormatCapabilityCache& cache) {
-        const SizeT formatNameWidth = GetPrintedFormatNameWidth();
-
-        MGLOG_D("Backend format capabilities:");
-        for (SizeT targetIndex = 0; targetIndex < kFormatCapabilityTargetCount; ++targetIndex) {
-            MGLOG_D("");
-            const String targetName = GetFormatCapabilityTargetName(targetIndex);
-            MGLOG_D("- %s", targetName.c_str());
-            const String header = BuildFormatCapabilityHeader(formatNameWidth);
-            MGLOG_D("%s", header.c_str());
-            for (SizeT formatIndex = 0; formatIndex < kFormatCapabilityFormatCount; ++formatIndex) {
-                const String row = BuildFormatCapabilityRow(cache, targetIndex, formatIndex, formatNameWidth);
-                MGLOG_D("%s", row.c_str());
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
    Bool BackendObject::InitializeEGLDisplay(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLint* major, EGLint* minor) {
        const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(m_eglStateMutex);
        if (dpy == EGL_NO_DISPLAY) {
@@ -390,16 +244,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend {
        m_windowHandle = {};
    }

-    namespace {
-        MG_Util::Damage::Region& PresentDamageSlot() {
-            thread_local MG_Util::Damage::Region damage = MG_Util::Damage::Region::Full();
-            return damage;
-        }
-    } // namespace
-
-    const MG_Util::Damage::Region& CurrentPresentDamage() { return PresentDamageSlot(); }
-    void SetCurrentPresentDamage(const MG_Util::Damage::Region& damage) { PresentDamageSlot() = damage; }
-
    Bool BackendObject::SwapEGLBuffers(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface draw) {
        const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(m_eglStateMutex);
        if (!m_eglDisplayInitialized || m_eglDisplay != dpy) {
@@ -458,8 +302,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend {

    void BackendObject::DestroyPendingEGLSurfaceIfUnused(EGLSurface surface) {
        auto surfaceIt = m_eglSurfaces.find(surface);
-        if (surfaceIt == m_eglSurfaces.end() || !surfaceIt->second.DestroyPending ||
-            IsEGLSurfaceCurrent(surface)) {
+        if (surfaceIt == m_eglSurfaces.end() || !surfaceIt->second.DestroyPending || IsEGLSurfaceCurrent(surface)) {
            return;
        }

@@ -8,565 +8,13 @@

 #pragma once
 #include <Includes.h>
-#include "MG_State/GLState/TextureState/TextureEnum.h"
+#include <BackendCaps.h>
+#include <MG_Backend/BackendFunctions.h>
+#include <MG_Backend/BackendRoles.h>
 #include <MG_Util/Damage/Damage.h>
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
-#include <MG_Pipe/MGPipeHandles.h>
-#endif

 namespace MobileGL {
-    namespace MG_State::GLState {
-        class FramebufferObject;
-        class ITextureObject;
-        class RenderbufferObject;
-    }
-
-    enum class BackendType {
-        DirectGLES,
-        DirectVulkan,
-        BackendTypeCount,
-        Unknown = -1
-    };
-
    namespace MG_Backend {
-        // One endpoint of a glCopyImageSubData. GL 4.6 core 18.3.2 accepts GL_RENDERBUFFER
-        // alongside the ten whole-image texture targets, and a renderbuffer name lives in a
-        // namespace of its own - so an endpoint is a sum type, not an ITextureObject. At most
-        // one of the two pointers is set; neither is set when the name named nothing, which is
-        // the INVALID_VALUE the frontend validator reports.
-        struct CopyImageEndpoint {
-            SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> Texture;
-            SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject> Renderbuffer;
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
-            MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle TextureHandle = MG_Pipe::kMGPipeNullHandle;
-            MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle RenderbufferHandle = MG_Pipe::kMGPipeNullHandle;
-#endif
-
-            Bool IsRenderbuffer() const {
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
-                if (!MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(RenderbufferHandle)) return true;
-#endif
-                return Renderbuffer != nullptr;
-            }
-            Bool Exists() const {
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
-                if (!MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(TextureHandle)) return true;
-                if (!MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(RenderbufferHandle)) return true;
-#endif
-                return Texture != nullptr || Renderbuffer != nullptr;
-            }
-        };
-
-        enum class FormatCapability : Uint64 {
-            Creatable = 1ull << 0,
-
-            Sampled = 1ull << 1,
-            LinearFilter = 1ull << 2,
-            GenerateMipmap = 1ull << 3,
-            TextureGather = 1ull << 4,
-            TextureShadow = 1ull << 5,
-
-            FramebufferRenderable = 1ull << 6,
-            FramebufferLayered = 1ull << 7,
-            MultisampleTexture = 1ull << 8,
-            MultisampleRenderbuffer = 1ull << 9,
-
-            ColorAttachment = 1ull << 10,
-            DepthAttachment = 1ull << 11,
-            StencilAttachment = 1ull << 12,
-
-            TextureBuffer = 1ull << 13
-        };
-
-        using FormatCapabilityFlags = Flags<FormatCapability>;
-
-        inline constexpr Array<FormatCapability, 14> kReportedFormatCapabilities = {
-            FormatCapability::Creatable,
-            FormatCapability::Sampled,
-            FormatCapability::LinearFilter,
-            FormatCapability::GenerateMipmap,
-            FormatCapability::TextureGather,
-            FormatCapability::TextureShadow,
-            FormatCapability::FramebufferRenderable,
-            FormatCapability::FramebufferLayered,
-            FormatCapability::MultisampleTexture,
-            FormatCapability::MultisampleRenderbuffer,
-            FormatCapability::ColorAttachment,
-            FormatCapability::DepthAttachment,
-            FormatCapability::StencilAttachment,
-            FormatCapability::TextureBuffer,
-        };
-
-        inline constexpr SizeT kFormatCapabilityTextureTargetCount =
-            static_cast<SizeT>(TextureTarget::TextureTargetCount);
-        inline constexpr SizeT kFormatCapabilityRenderbufferTargetIndex = kFormatCapabilityTextureTargetCount;
-        inline constexpr SizeT kFormatCapabilityTargetCount = kFormatCapabilityTextureTargetCount + 1;
-        inline constexpr SizeT kFormatCapabilityFormatCount =
-            static_cast<SizeT>(TextureInternalFormat::TextureInternalFormatCount);
-
-        using FormatCapabilityTable =
-            Array<Array<FormatCapabilityFlags, kFormatCapabilityFormatCount>, kFormatCapabilityTargetCount>;
-        using FormatSampleCountTable =
-            Array<Array<Vector<Int>, kFormatCapabilityFormatCount>, kFormatCapabilityTargetCount>;
-
-        struct FormatCapabilityCache {
-            FormatCapabilityTable FullCaps{};
-            FormatCapabilityTable CaveatCaps{};
-            FormatSampleCountTable SampleCounts{};
-
-            void Clear();
-        };
-
-        Bool HasFormatCapability(FormatCapabilityFlags caps, FormatCapability capability);
-        SizeT GetFormatCapabilityTargetIndex(TextureTarget target);
-        SizeT GetRenderbufferFormatCapabilityTargetIndex();
-        const char* GetFormatCapabilityName(FormatCapability capability);
-        String GetFormatCapabilityTargetName(SizeT targetIndex);
-        void PrintFormatCapabilities(const FormatCapabilityCache& cache);
-
-        // Opaque backend fence-sync handle, created by GLFunctionsTable::FenceSync
-        // and released by GLFunctionsTable::DeleteSync.
-        using BackendSyncHandle = void*;
-
-        // Opaque backend timer-query handle, created by
-        // GLFunctionsTable::BeginTimeElapsedQuery / QueryCounterTimestamp and
-        // released by GLFunctionsTable::DeleteBackendQuery.
-        using BackendQueryHandle = void*;
-
-        struct GLFunctionsTable {
-            void (*DrawArrays)(GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count);
-            void (*DrawElements)(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices);
-            void (*DrawElementsBaseVertex)(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices,
-                                           GLint basevertex);
-            void (*MultiDrawArrays)(GLenum mode, const GLint* first, const GLsizei* count, GLsizei drawcount);
-            void (*MultiDrawElements)(GLenum mode, const GLsizei* count, GLenum type, const GLvoid* const* indices,
-                                      GLsizei drawcount);
-            void (*MultiDrawElementsBaseVertex)(GLenum mode, const GLsizei* count, GLenum type,
-                                                const GLvoid* const* indices, GLsizei drawcount,
-                                                const GLint* basevertex);
-            void (*MultiDrawElementsIndirect)(GLenum mode, GLenum type, const void* indirect, GLsizei drawcount,
-                                              GLsizei stride);
-            void (*MultiDrawArraysIndirect)(GLenum mode, const void* indirect, GLsizei drawcount, GLsizei stride);
-            void (*MultiDrawElementsIndirectCount)(GLenum mode, GLenum type, const void* indirect,
-                                                   GLintptr drawcount, GLsizei maxdrawcount, GLsizei stride);
-            void (*MultiDrawArraysIndirectCount)(GLenum mode, const void* indirect, GLintptr drawcount,
-                                                 GLsizei maxdrawcount, GLsizei stride);
-            void (*DrawRangeElementsBaseVertex)(GLenum mode, GLuint start, GLuint end, GLsizei count, GLenum type,
-                                                const void* indices, GLint basevertex);
-            void (*DrawRangeElements)(GLenum mode, GLuint start, GLuint end, GLsizei count, GLenum type,
-                                      const void* indices);
-            void (*DrawElementsInstancedBaseVertexBaseInstance)(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type,
-                                                                const void* indices, GLsizei instancecount,
-                                                                GLint basevertex, GLuint baseinstance);
-            void (*DrawElementsInstancedBaseVertex)(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices,
-                                                    GLsizei instancecount, GLint basevertex);
-            void (*DrawElementsInstancedBaseInstance)(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices,
-                                                      GLsizei instancecount, GLuint baseinstance);
-            void (*DrawElementsInstanced)(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices,
-                                          GLsizei instancecount);
-            void (*DrawArraysInstancedBaseInstance)(GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count, GLsizei instancecount,
-                                                    GLuint baseinstance);
-            void (*DrawArraysInstanced)(GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count, GLsizei instancecount);
-            void (*DrawElementsIndirect)(GLenum mode, GLenum type, const void* indirect);
-            void (*DrawArraysIndirect)(GLenum mode, const void* indirect);
-            void (*Clear)(GLbitfield mask);
-            void (*ClearBufferfi)(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, GLfloat depth, GLint stencil);
-            void (*ClearBufferfv)(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLfloat* value);
-            void (*ClearBufferuiv)(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLuint* value);
-            void (*ClearBufferiv)(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLint* value);
-            void (*ClearNamedFramebufferfv)(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& framebuffer,
-                                            GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLfloat* value);
-            void (*ClearNamedFramebufferfi)(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& framebuffer,
-                                            GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, GLfloat depth, GLint stencil);
-            void (*ClearNamedFramebufferiv)(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& framebuffer,
-                                            GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLint* value);
-            void (*ClearNamedFramebufferuiv)(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& framebuffer,
-                                             GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLuint* value);
-            void (*BlitFramebuffer)(GLint srcX0, GLint srcY0, GLint srcX1, GLint srcY1, GLint dstX0, GLint dstY0,
-                                    GLint dstX1, GLint dstY1, GLbitfield mask, GLenum filter);
-            void (*BlitNamedFramebuffer)(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& readFramebuffer,
-                                         const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& drawFramebuffer,
-                                         GLint srcX0, GLint srcY0, GLint srcX1, GLint srcY1,
-                                         GLint dstX0, GLint dstY0, GLint dstX1, GLint dstY1,
-                                         GLbitfield mask, GLenum filter);
-            void (*CopyTexImage2D)(GLenum target, GLint level, GLenum internalformat, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width,
-                                   GLsizei height, GLint border);
-            void (*CopyTexSubImage2D)(GLenum target, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLint x, GLint y,
-                                      GLsizei width, GLsizei height);
-            void (*CopyImageSubData)(const CopyImageEndpoint& src,
-                                     GLenum srcTarget, GLint srcLevel, GLint srcX, GLint srcY, GLint srcZ,
-                                     const CopyImageEndpoint& dst,
-                                     GLenum dstTarget, GLint dstLevel, GLint dstX, GLint dstY, GLint dstZ,
-                                     GLsizei srcWidth, GLsizei srcHeight, GLsizei srcDepth);
-            void (*GenerateMipmap)(GLenum target);
-            void (*ReadPixels)(GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLenum format, GLenum type,
-                               void* pixels);
-            void (*GetTexImage)(GLenum target, GLint level, GLenum format, GLenum type, GLvoid* pixels);
-            void (*GetTextureImage)(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& texture,
-                                    TextureUploadTarget uploadTarget, GLint level, GLenum format, GLenum type,
-                                    GLsizei bufSize, GLvoid* pixels);
-            void (*DispatchCompute)(GLuint numGroupsX, GLuint numGroupsY, GLuint numGroupsZ);
-            void (*DispatchComputeIndirect)(GLintptr indirect);
-            void (*MemoryBarrier)(GLbitfield barriers);
-            void (*MemoryBarrierByRegion)(GLbitfield barriers);
-            void (*BindImageTexture)(GLuint unit, GLuint texture, GLint level, GLboolean layered, GLint layer,
-                                     GLenum access, GLenum format);
-            // The ONLY indexed query that is genuinely a backend one, and only for the pnames
-            // MG_Impl/GLImpl/Getter/GL_Getter.cpp does not already own. Every indexed pname that
-            // names FRONTEND state - the indexed buffer bindings, the per-unit texture/sampler
-            // bindings, the image-unit bindings, the viewport rectangles, the indexed capabilities
-            // - is answered in GL_Getter::GetIntegeri_v and never reaches this entry; the
-            // 64-bit and float/double widths are derived there from the same answer, which is why
-            // no GetInteger64i_v/GetFloati_v/GetDoublei_v table entry exists. In practice this
-            // leaves GL_MAX_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_COUNT / _SIZE (also asked directly by
-            // MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/CompileEnv.cpp) plus whatever pname the frontend has no
-            // case for at all.
-            void (*GetIntegeri_v)(GLenum target, GLuint index, GLint* data);
-            // There is deliberately NO GetProgramiv entry: glGetProgramiv describes the program
-            // the APPLICATION wrote - link status, the transform-feedback mode, the compute local
-            // size - all of which are frontend link artifacts on ProgramObject, and
-            // MG_Impl/GLImpl/Program/GL_Program.cpp answers every one of them from there. Asking a
-            // backend would mean asking about a DIFFERENT program (a SPIRV-Cross-generated ESSL
-            // one, or a SPIR-V module), in a namespace the application never sees.
-            // The GL program interface (glGetProgramInterfaceiv / glGetProgramResource*) is NOT
-            // a backend query: it describes the program the application wrote, in the
-            // application's namespace, which neither backend program is in. It is answered
-            // entirely by MG_Impl/GLImpl/Program/ProgramInterface from the frontend reflection.
-            // Takes the block's GL NAME, not glShaderStorageBlockBinding's index. The index
-            // the application passes is the frontend interface-query enumeration's, and no
-            // backend shares that index space: DirectVulkan enumerates SPIR-V descriptor
-            // bindings and DirectGLES asks a real driver about SPIRV-Cross-generated ESSL.
-            // The name is the one coordinate all three agree on, so the frontend resolves the
-            // index against its own enumeration and each backend maps the name to its own.
-            void (*ShaderStorageBlockBinding)(GLuint program, const GLchar* storageBlockName,
-                                              GLuint storageBlockBinding);
-            // GL fence sync objects. All entries are optional (may be null); the
-            // frontend then falls back to always-signaled sync semantics.
-            // FenceSync may itself return null when the backend cannot create a
-            // fence right now (e.g. the calling thread does not own the backend
-            // context); the frontend treats such a sync as always signaled.
-            BackendSyncHandle (*FenceSync)();
-            GLenum (*ClientWaitSync)(BackendSyncHandle sync, GLbitfield flags, GLuint64 timeout);
-            void (*WaitSync)(BackendSyncHandle sync, GLbitfield flags, GLuint64 timeout);
-            void (*DeleteSync)(BackendSyncHandle sync);
-            Bool (*GetSyncStatus)(BackendSyncHandle sync); // true = signaled
-            // GL timer-query objects (GL_ARB_timer_query). All entries are
-            // optional (may be null); the frontend then falls back to zero
-            // results and reports GL_QUERY_COUNTER_BITS == 0.
-            // BeginTimeElapsedQuery / QueryCounterTimestamp may themselves
-            // return null when the backend cannot create a query right now;
-            // the frontend treats such a query as immediately available with
-            // a zero result.
-            // Dynamic support check: true only when the live backend can
-            // actually time at the moment of the call (extension / entry
-            // points / timestamp valid bits are known then, not at table
-            // init). Gates the advertised GL_QUERY_COUNTER_BITS.
-            Bool (*IsTimerQuerySupported)();
-            BackendQueryHandle (*BeginTimeElapsedQuery)();            // starts a TIME_ELAPSED span
-            void (*EndTimeElapsedQuery)(BackendQueryHandle query);    // ends the span
-            BackendQueryHandle (*QueryCounterTimestamp)();            // glQueryCounter(GL_TIMESTAMP) one-shot
-            Bool (*IsQueryResultAvailable)(BackendQueryHandle query); // non-blocking
-            // Returns true when a final value was produced (*outNanoseconds
-            // written; the frontend may cache it and release the handle).
-            // Returns false when the result could not be obtained YET - e.g.
-            // a Vulkan wait that refuses to block on a not-yet-submitted
-            // frame serial - in which case the frontend must keep the handle
-            // and leave the query readable later.
-            Bool (*GetQueryResult64)(BackendQueryHandle query, Bool wait, Uint64* outNanoseconds);
-            void (*DeleteBackendQuery)(BackendQueryHandle query);
-            // GL_SAMPLES_PASSED occlusion queries (optional; null = unsupported,
-            // the frontend then rejects the target). Results/deletion flow through
-            // GetQueryResult64 / DeleteBackendQuery like timer queries.
-            BackendQueryHandle (*BeginOcclusionQuery)();
-            void (*EndOcclusionQuery)(BackendQueryHandle query);
-            // Transform feedback primitive queries backed by real GPU query pools
-            // (optional; null = frontend falls back to CPU accounting).
-            BackendQueryHandle (*BeginXfbPrimitivesQuery)(Bool generated);
-            void (*EndXfbPrimitivesQuery)(BackendQueryHandle query);
-            // Whether GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_PRIMITIVES_WRITTEN should be answered from the
-            // frontend's own accounting wherever that accounting is exact - a capture with no
-            // geometry stage - instead of from the query above. Set by DirectGLES, whose result
-            // is whatever the ES driver's PRIMITIVES_WRITTEN counter says: Adreno reports twice
-            // the written count for a vertex-only capture that follows a large render pass,
-            // where the desktop-exact answer is the one the frontend already computed. Defaults
-            // to false, so a backend that never sets it keeps using its GPU result.
-            Bool PrefersCpuXfbPrimitiveAccounting = false;
-            // Transform feedback capture spans, for backends whose own GL/ES driver
-            // performs the capture (DirectGLES). Both optional; null means the backend
-            // drives capture from its draw recording instead (DirectVulkan). End is
-            // called while the frontend capture state is still active, so the backend
-            // can still see the capture program and buffer bindings.
-            // GL_PATCH_VERTICES; ES 3.2 spells it the same way.
-            void (*PatchParameteri)(GLenum pname, GLint value);
-            void (*BeginTransformFeedback)(GLenum primitiveMode);
-            void (*EndTransformFeedback)();
-            // ARB_transform_feedback2. A backend that leaves these null keeps the single
-            // implicit capture span the frontend has always modelled; the frontend state
-            // (paused flag, per-object bindings) is tracked either way.
-            void (*PauseTransformFeedback)();
-            void (*ResumeTransformFeedback)();
-            void (*BindTransformFeedback)(GLuint name);
-            void (*DeleteTransformFeedback)(GLuint name);
-            Int64 (*GetGpuTimestampNs)(); // glGetInteger64v(GL_TIMESTAMP); 0 if unsupported
-        };
-        struct GlobalBackendFunctionsTable {
-            GLFunctionsTable GL;
-            void (*Present)();
-            // Optional: applies the app-requested eglSwapInterval to the native
-            // presentation path (null = backend keeps its own pacing policy).
-            void (*SetSwapInterval)(Int interval);
-        };
-
-        // Coarse GPU vendor identity for gating device-specific quirks. Detected from the
-        // Vulkan physical-device vendorID or the GLES GL_VENDOR/GL_RENDERER strings; stays
-        // Unknown when detection is inconclusive, in which case auto-gated quirks stay off.
-        enum class GpuVendorKind : Uint8 {
-            Unknown = 0,
-            Qualcomm,
-            Arm,
-            Nvidia,
-            Amd,
-            Intel,
-            ImgTec,
-            // Software rasterizers (llvmpipe/lavapipe, SwiftShader).
-            Software,
-        };
-
-        struct DynamicBackendParameters {
-            Uint64 UniformBufferOffsetAlignment = 256;
-            // GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER_OFFSET_ALIGNMENT, which is a SEPARATE limit from the
-            // uniform one and is routinely larger: Adreno 830 reports 32 for uniform buffers and
-            // 64 for storage buffers. Answering the storage query with the uniform value let an
-            // application bind a storage range at an offset the driver cannot address, which it
-            // accepted without error and then wrote somewhere else entirely.
-            Uint64 ShaderStorageBufferOffsetAlignment = 256;
-            // GL_MAX_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY_EXT. 1.0 means the backend cannot filter anisotropically,
-            // which is also why the extension is not advertised in that case.
-            Float MaxTextureMaxAnisotropy = 1.0f;
-            Float AliasedLineWidthRangeMin = 1.0f;
-            Float AliasedLineWidthRangeMax = 1.0f;
-            Float SmoothLineWidthRangeMin = 1.0f;
-            Float SmoothLineWidthRangeMax = 1.0f;
-            Float SmoothLineWidthGranularity = 1.0f;
-            Float PointSizeRangeMin = 1.0f;
-            Float PointSizeRangeMax = 1.0f;
-            Float PointSizeGranularity = 1.0f;
-            Int Max3DTextureSize = 16384;
-            Int MaxArrayTextureLayers = 2048;
-            Int MaxCubeMapTextureSize = 16384;
-            Int MaxFramebufferWidth = 16384;
-            Int MaxFramebufferHeight = 16384;
-            Int MaxFramebufferLayers = 2048;
-            Int MaxRenderbufferSize = 16384;
-            Int MaxTextureSize = 16384;
-            Int MaxColorTextureSamples = 1;
-            Int MaxDepthTextureSamples = 1;
-            Int MaxFramebufferSamples = 1;
-            Int MaxIntegerSamples = 1;
-            Int MaxSamples = 1;
-            Int MaxSampleMaskWords = 1;
-            // Tessellation limits; defaults are the GL 4.0 core minimums.
-            Int MaxPatchVertices = 32;
-            Int MaxTessGenLevel = 64;
-            // GL_MIN/MAX_PROGRAM_TEXTURE_GATHER_OFFSET. Defaults are the GL 4.0 core
-            // minimums, which every ES 3.1 driver also guarantees.
-            Int MinProgramTextureGatherOffset = -8;
-            Int MaxProgramTextureGatherOffset = 7;
-            Int MaxTextureImageUnits = 32;
-            Int MaxVertexTextureImageUnits = 32;
-            Int MaxComputeTextureImageUnits = 32;
-            Int MaxCombinedTextureImageUnits = 192;
-            Int MaxVertexAttribs = 16;
-            Int MaxComputeShaderStorageBlocks = 8;
-            Int MaxCombinedShaderStorageBlocks = 32;
-            // Per-stage GL_MAX_*_SHADER_STORAGE_BLOCKS. Zero is a legal answer for the four
-            // non-compute, non-fragment stages and these defaults are the spec minimums, not
-            // placeholders: GL 4.6 table 23.64 and ES 3.2 table 21.44 both set the minimum for
-            // vertex, tessellation control, tessellation evaluation and geometry at 0, and only
-            // fragment (8 in GL, 4 in ES) and compute are guaranteed to have any. Every real ARM
-            // GLES driver takes that allowance - a Mali-G925 reports 0 for all four - so a
-            // backend that cannot honour a graphics-stage storage block MUST report 0 here
-            // rather than a hopeful number. Advertising a non-zero count the driver will refuse
-            // does not make the block work; it only moves the failure from an honest
-            // "unsupported" at query time to a backend link error the frontend never surfaces,
-            // after which every draw with that program silently renders nothing.
-            Int MaxVertexShaderStorageBlocks = 0;
-            Int MaxTessControlShaderStorageBlocks = 0;
-            Int MaxTessEvaluationShaderStorageBlocks = 0;
-            Int MaxGeometryShaderStorageBlocks = 0;
-            Int MaxFragmentShaderStorageBlocks = 8;
-            Int MaxComputeUniformBlocks = 12;
-            Int MaxComputeWorkGroupInvocations = 128;
-            // GL_MAX_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_COUNT / GL_MAX_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_SIZE, one value per
-            // axis. These six, with the invocations limit above, are the only indexed limits a
-            // backend genuinely OWNS - the device answers them (glGetIntegeri_v on DirectGLES,
-            // VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::maxComputeWorkGroupCount/Size on DirectVulkan) - and so
-            // the only ones that survive the retirement of the GetIntegeri_v table entry: they
-            // cross the MGPipe boundary inside MGPCaps, by inclusion of this struct (plan B
-            // section 4.4.1). Every other indexed pname names frontend state. RAW driver
-            // answers, like the invocations limit: GL_Getter and the compile environment floor
-            // them at the shared MIN_COMPUTE_WORK_GROUP_* minimums themselves. The defaults are
-            // the GL 4.3 core minimums (table 23.60) and describe the no-backend case, as
-            // MaxClipDistances' does.
-            Int MaxComputeWorkGroupCount[3] = {65535, 65535, 65535};
-            Int MaxComputeWorkGroupSize[3] = {1024, 1024, 64};
-            Int MaxShaderStorageBufferBindings = 8;
-            Int MaxTextureBufferSize = 65536;
-            // GL_TEXTURE_BUFFER_OFFSET_ALIGNMENT; 1 means the offset is unconstrained.
-            Int TextureBufferOffsetAlignment = 1;
-            Int MaxUniformBufferBindings = 24;
-            Int MaxUniformBlockSize = 16384;
-            Int MaxImageUnits = 8;
-            Int MaxCombinedImageUniforms = 8;
-            Int MaxVertexImageUniforms = 0;
-            Int MaxGeometryImageUniforms = 0;
-            Int MaxFragmentImageUniforms = 8;
-            Int MaxComputeImageUniforms = 8;
-            Int MaxDrawBuffers = 8;
-            Int MaxColorAttachments = 8;
-            // GL_MAX_CLIP_DISTANCES. Zero is a legal answer here, not a placeholder, and a
-            // backend that cannot host a clip distance MUST report it: advertising eight the
-            // backend will refuse does not make gl_ClipDistance work, it only moves the failure
-            // from an honest "unsupported" at query time to a backend shader-compile error the
-            // frontend never surfaces, after which every draw with that program silently renders
-            // nothing. DirectGLES fills it from GL_EXT_clip_cull_distance, DirectVulkan from the
-            // shaderClipDistance device feature. The DEFAULT stays at the GL 4.3 core minimum
-            // because it describes the no-backend case (standalone shader compiles, unit tests),
-            // where there is no device to be honest about and BuildTBuiltInResource still has to
-            // hand glslang a workable gl_MaxClipDistances.
-            Int MaxClipDistances = 8;
-            // GL_MAX_CULL_DISTANCES and GL_MAX_COMBINED_CLIP_AND_CULL_DISTANCES, under exactly
-            // the contract stated for MaxClipDistances above: ZERO IS A LEGAL ANSWER and a
-            // backend that cannot host a cull distance MUST report it. The failure this prevents
-            // is worse than the clip one, because cull distance discards the whole primitive:
-            // glslang bounds gl_CullDistance[i] against maxCullDistances and expands
-            // gl_MaxCullDistances from it, SPIRV-Cross then emits
-            // `#extension GL_EXT_clip_cull_distance : require` into the ESSL, and a host driver
-            // without that extension rejects the program in an info log nobody surfaces. These
-            // used to be bare 8s inside BuildTBuiltInResource with no backend consulted at all.
-            // The DEFAULTS are the GL 4.5 core minimums for the same reason MaxClipDistances'
-            // is: they describe the no-backend case (standalone compiles, unit tests).
-            Int MaxCullDistances = 8;
-            Int MaxCombinedClipAndCullDistances = 8;
-            Int MaxViewports = 16;
-            // GL_LAYER_PROVOKING_VERTEX / GL_VIEWPORT_INDEX_PROVOKING_VERTEX: which vertex of a
-            // primitive supplies gl_Layer and gl_ViewportIndex. GL 4.6 table 23.65 makes
-            // GL_UNDEFINED_VERTEX a legal answer for both, and it is the honest default - naming
-            // a convention is a statement about behaviour, so a backend that does not pin one
-            // must not claim it does. DirectGLES fills the layer one from the ES 3.2 query and
-            // the viewport one from GL_OES_viewport_array, and leaves UNDEFINED where the
-            // capability is absent: without the viewport array extension only viewport 0 is ever
-            // rasterized, so no convention selects anything. DirectVulkan keeps UNDEFINED for
-            // both - which vertex provokes is decided per pipeline by
-            // VulkanRenderer::SelectProvokingVertexMode out of VK_EXT_provoking_vertex,
-            // provokingVertexModePerPipeline and the topology, so no single convention is true
-            // of the backend.
-            Uint32 LayerProvokingVertex = GL_UNDEFINED_VERTEX;
-            Uint32 ViewportIndexProvokingVertex = GL_UNDEFINED_VERTEX;
-            Int MaxViewportWidth = 16384;
-            Int MaxViewportHeight = 16384;
-            Float ViewportBoundsRangeMin = 0.0f;
-            Float ViewportBoundsRangeMax = 0.0f;
-            Int ViewportSubpixelBits = 0;
-            // GL 4.x fragment-interpolation offset limits. These defaults are the
-            // core minimums and are replaced by live GLES/Vulkan device limits.
-            Float MinFragmentInterpolationOffset = -0.5f;
-            // For four fractional bits the greatest required legal offset is
-            // 0.5 - 2^-4 = 0.4375 (GL 4.6 table 23.70).
-            Float MaxFragmentInterpolationOffset = 0.4375f;
-            Int FragmentInterpolationOffsetBits = 4;
-            Bool SupportsWideLines = false;
-            // Whether a framebuffer whose depth and stencil attachments are distinct
-            // images can be rendered to. GL only requires support when both refer to the
-            // same image and lets an implementation answer GL_FRAMEBUFFER_UNSUPPORTED
-            // otherwise, which is what DirectVulkan (one combined attachment) and the
-            // real ES drivers behind DirectGLES both do. Defaults to true so a backend
-            // that never sets it keeps the permissive behaviour.
-            Bool SupportsDistinctDepthStencilAttachments = true;
-            // Whether attaching a single layer of a 3D or array texture to a framebuffer actually
-            // renders to that layer. DirectGLES hands the layer straight to
-            // glFramebufferTextureLayer, so it does; DirectVulkan maps a GL layer onto a Vulkan
-            // array layer with no notion of a 3D depth slice, so it does not yet. Defaults to false
-            // so a backend that never sets it gets the conservative answer.
-            // Which layered texture targets this backend can attach ONE layer of to a framebuffer
-            // and then really clear, render and read back that layer. Bit (1u << TextureTarget) is
-            // set for each supported target. Deliberately per target rather than one flag: the three
-            // ways a GL layer maps onto Vulkan are independent capabilities. A 2D or 2D multisample
-            // array layer IS a VkImage array layer and needs nothing extra; a 3D texture's layer is
-            // a z slice, which needs a 2D-array-compatible image and a per-slice clear that
-            // vkCmdClearColorImage cannot express; a cube map array needs an image shape and the
-            // imageCubeArray feature before it can be attached at any layer at all. Defaults to 0 so
-            // a backend that never sets it gets the conservative answer.
-            Uint32 PerLayerFramebufferAttachmentTargets = 0;
-
-            static constexpr Uint32 PerLayerFramebufferAttachmentBit(TextureTarget target) {
-                return (static_cast<Int>(target) >= 0 &&
-                        static_cast<Int>(target) < static_cast<Int>(TextureTarget::TextureTargetCount))
-                           ? (1u << static_cast<Uint32>(target))
-                           : 0u;
-            }
-
-            Bool SupportsPerLayerFramebufferAttachment(TextureTarget target) const {
-                const Uint32 bit = PerLayerFramebufferAttachmentBit(target);
-                return bit != 0 && (PerLayerFramebufferAttachmentTargets & bit) != 0;
-            }
-            // Whether this backend can CONSUME a shader module that still declares 64-bit floats,
-            // i.e. whether `double` survives the transpile instead of being narrowed to `float`
-            // (ShaderTranspiler::DemoteFloat64Pass). Detected, never assumed:
-            //   * DirectVulkan sets it from VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures::shaderFloat64, the feature
-            //     VUID-VkShaderModuleCreateInfo-pCode-08740 requires before a module declaring
-            //     OpCapability Float64 may be created at all. lavapipe has it; Adreno and Mali
-            //     both report VK_FALSE, so no real mobile device does.
-            //   * DirectGLES can NEVER have it. GLSL ES has no 64-bit float type in any version
-            //     or extension, so SPIRV-Cross cannot emit one ("FP64 not supported in ES
-            //     profile") and the demotion there is mathematically mandatory, always.
-            // Defaults to false so a backend that never sets it - and the no-backend case, which
-            // is what standalone shader compiles and the unit tests run under - keeps the
-            // demotion, which is the behaviour that works everywhere.
-            Bool SupportsShaderFloat64 = false;
-            // Whether glVertexAttribLFormat / glVertexArrayAttribLFormat can be honoured, i.e.
-            // whether a 64-bit vertex attribute can actually reach a shader unconverted. Detected,
-            // never assumed: DirectVulkan needs VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures::shaderFloat64 (the
-            // attribute travels as its 32-bit word pair, so no VK_FORMAT_R64* is required, but the
-            // bitcast result is Float64); DirectGLES can never have it, ESSL having no fp64 type at
-            // all. Defaults to false so a backend that never sets it gets the conservative answer.
-            //
-            // INDEPENDENT of SupportsShaderFloat64, and it has to be: this flag decides a VkFormat
-            // from the VAO ATTRIBUTE alone, which does not know what type the shader declared, and
-            // glVertexAttribFormat(GL_DOUBLE) feeding a plain `in vec4` is both legal and common
-            // (KHR-GL43.vertex_attrib_binding.basic-input-case4/5, advanced-bindingUpdate). A
-            // backend with native fp64 that still cannot FETCH 64 bits keeps this false and relies
-            // on the per-MODULE rule in ShaderCompiler::SanitizeAndOptimizeBinary instead: a vertex
-            // module that declares a 64-bit float INPUT is demoted whole, so the two shader-side
-            // halves (PackDoubleVertexInputsPass and VertexInputStateFactory::ToVkVertexFormat)
-            // still see one consistent world.
-            Bool SupportsFloat64VertexAttributes = false;
-            // Whether a TESSELLATION stage of this backend may access gl_PointSize - i.e.
-            // whether a module declaring OpCapability TessellationPointSize can reach the
-            // driver at all. DirectVulkan sets both this and the geometry twin from the one
-            // shaderTessellationAndGeometryPointSize feature; DirectGLES sets them
-            // independently from the EXT/OES_tessellation_point_size /
-            // geometry_point_size extension pairs (PointSizeTier), which really do come
-            // separately. When absent, ProgramSpirvTask demotes the built-in to an ordinary
-            // varying program-wide (ShaderCompiler::
-            // DemoteTessellationGeometryPointSizeForProgram); MOBILEGL_POINT_SIZE_DEMOTION
-            // overrides the detection in either direction at backend init.
-            //
-            // Defaults TRUE, deliberately against the house "assume absent" rule: false
-            // ARMS a rewrite, so the conservative no-backend answer (standalone compiles,
-            // unit tests) is the one that leaves modules untouched. A backend that never
-            // sets it gets standard modules and, at worst, the old honest declines.
-            Bool SupportsTessellationPointSize = true;
-            // The geometry-stage twin (OpCapability GeometryPointSize).
-            Bool SupportsGeometryPointSize = true;
-            Uint64 MaxShaderStorageBlockSize = 128 * 1024 * 1024;
-            Uint32 SubgroupSize = 0;
-            Uint32 SubgroupSupportedStages = 0;
-            Uint32 SubgroupSupportedFeatures = 0;
-            Bool SubgroupQuadOperationsInAllStages = false;
-            GpuVendorKind GpuVendor = GpuVendorKind::Unknown;
-        };
-
        enum class WindowBackend {
            Android,
            X11,
@@ -584,208 +32,19 @@ namespace MobileGL {
            Uint32 Height = 0;
        };

-        // SHARED IMAGES (docs/Disaggregated/notes/anland/plan-ahb-dmabuf.md): server-allocated colour
-        // buffers exported to clients as dma-buf descriptors.
-        //
-        // The server-side view of one image, as a backend sees it: `NativeBuffer` is the image's
-        // AHardwareBuffer (null where there is none), `Fourcc` a DRM fourcc - ABGR8888 (R, G, B, A in
-        // memory, GL RGBA8) or XBGR8888 (alpha ignored); ARGB8888 / XRGB8888 images are stored the
-        // same way (SharedImageRegistry.h says why), so a backend binds every one as RGBA8.
-        struct SharedImageView {
-            Uint64 Id = 0;
-            Uint32 Width = 0;
-            Uint32 Height = 0;
-            Uint32 Fourcc = 0;
-            void* NativeBuffer = nullptr;
-        };
-
-        // The client-side answer of an allocation: the image's id and its exported descriptor
-        // (`Fd`, owned by the caller), with the plane layout a linux-dmabuf wl_buffer is created with.
-        struct SharedImageExport {
-            Uint64 Id = 0;
-            int Fd = -1;
-            Uint32 Width = 0;
-            Uint32 Height = 0;
-            Uint32 Fourcc = 0;
-            Uint32 Stride = 0;
-            Uint32 Offset = 0;
-            Uint64 Modifier = 0;
-            // A YUV image's Cb Cr plane: in the same descriptor, at this offset and pitch.
-            Uint32 Plane1Stride = 0;
-            Uint32 Plane1Offset = 0;
-        };
-
-        // An import of a two-plane (YUV) dma-buf: where its planes are in the one descriptor, and
-        // EGL_EXT_image_dma_buf_import's colour hints (0 = not given).
-        struct SharedImageImportLayout {
-            Uint32 PlaneCount = 1;
-            Uint32 Offset[2] = {0, 0};
-            Uint32 Pitch[2] = {0, 0};
-            Uint32 ColorSpace = 0;
-            Uint32 Range = 0;
-            Uint32 SitingX = 0;
-            Uint32 SitingY = 0;
-            // The DRM format modifier the import named; HasModifier false = none (the implicit one).
-            Bool HasModifier = false;
-            Uint64 Modifier = 0;
-        };
-
-        // THE DAMAGE OF THE PRESENT BEING APPLIED on this thread: the server's apply thread sets it
-        // around the backend's Present (from the present record), and a backend that can hand damage
-        // to its native present reads it there. Full whenever nothing set it.
-        const MG_Util::Damage::Region& CurrentPresentDamage();
-        void SetCurrentPresentDamage(const MG_Util::Damage::Region& damage);
-
        class BackendObject {
        public:
            virtual ~BackendObject() = default;

-            // ---- shared images, SERVER side (a backend implements these) ---------------------
-            //
-            // Copies the default framebuffer of the surface current on this (the apply) thread into
-            // `image`, rows TOP FIRST - GL's top row (y = height-1) lands in the image's first memory
-            // row, which is what a wl_buffer's first row is - scaled to the image's extent if the two
-            // differ. The image is ORDERED THROUGH ITS SYNC STATE (SharedImageRegistry.h): the copy
-            // waits for the image's pending read fences before it writes, and its own completion
-            // is published with SharedImages::PublishWrite as a sync_file - the call returns once
-            // the copy is submitted, never waiting for it on the CPU (a backend with no fence export
-            // waits and publishes -1). A reader binding the image waits for that fence on its GPU
-            // when the write generation moved, and at its frame boundary publishes its frame's fence
-            // with PublishRead / ReadTracker. The application's GL state is untouched. False = not
-            // supported / failed (logged).
-            //
-            // `region` (GL window coordinates, origin bottom-left) is the part of the frame to copy;
-            // Full copies all of it. The rest of the image is left as it is - the client sends a
-            // region only for an image that already holds the frame outside it - and a backend that
-            // cannot be sure the image's contents survived (a target it has never written) copies
-            // all of it regardless.
-            virtual Bool BlitDefaultFramebufferToSharedImage(const SharedImageView& image,
-                                                             const MG_Util::Damage::Region& region) {
-                (void)image, (void)region;
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            // EGL_BUFFER_AGE_EXT of the draw surface of the context current on this (the apply)
-            // thread: how many presents ago the buffer the next frame draws into held the frame then
-            // presented; 0 = unknown (the application repaints everything). Asking says the client
-            // relies on the answer, so from then on the backend keeps what it presents.
-            //
-            // `damageRegionFollows`: the client declares the region it draws (SetCurrentDamageRegion)
-            // before drawing. A driver whose only buffer age is EGL_KHR_partial_update's keeps a
-            // buffer's content only outside that region, so without one coming it is not asked.
-            virtual Int32 QueryCurrentBufferAge(Bool damageRegionFollows) {
-                (void)damageRegionFollows;
-                return 0;
-            }
-            // eglSetDamageRegionKHR for that draw surface: the frame draws `region` (GL window
-            // coordinates; Full = all of it) and nothing outside it. A backend without the notion
-            // ignores it.
-            virtual Bool SetCurrentDamageRegion(const MG_Util::Damage::Region& region) {
-                (void)region;
-                return true;
-            }
-            // IMPLICIT SYNC BY FLUSH (docs/Disaggregated/notes/anland/plan-x11-gpu.md): the session
-            // on this (the apply) thread ends a frame at a glFlush. Every shared image it used since
-            // its last boundary is published as written and read by one fence of everything it
-            // submitted (SharedImages::ReadTracker::PublishFrameAsWrite), and from now on its first
-            // use of an image in a frame waits for that image's pending reads (it may be about to
-            // overwrite what another session still samples). A backend without shared images has
-            // nothing to publish.
-            virtual Bool PublishSharedImageAccesses() { return true; }
-            // EGL_ANDROID_native_fence_sync's fence command, on the server: in `*fence`, a sync_file
-            // (the caller's to close) that signals once everything the session submitted so far has
-            // completed - and, for a session that writes images, what PublishSharedImageAccesses
-            // does. -1 when there is none to give: the backend cannot export one, or the work has
-            // already completed - in both cases it HAS completed when this returns.
-            virtual Bool ExportNativeFence(int* fence) {
-                *fence = -1;
-                return PublishSharedImageAccesses();
-            }
-
-            // ---- shared images, CLIENT side (BackendObject_Remote implements these) ----------
-            //
-            // A new image, allocated by the server; `out->Fd` is the caller's to close.
-            virtual Bool AllocateSharedImage(Uint32 width, Uint32 height, Uint32 fourcc, SharedImageExport* out) {
-                (void)width, (void)height, (void)fourcc, (void)out;
-                return false;
-            }
-            // Names the image `fd` was exported from (the caller keeps `fd`). False: not one of this
-            // server's images, or the size/format disagree.
-            virtual Bool ImportSharedImage(int fd, Uint32 width, Uint32 height, Uint32 fourcc, Uint64* outId) {
-                (void)fd, (void)width, (void)height, (void)fourcc, (void)outId;
-                return false;
-            }
-            // The same for a YUV fourcc, whose planes and hints `layout` gives. A YUV buffer the
-            // server did not export is taken too (its labelled CPU-copy fallback).
-            virtual Bool ImportSharedImagePlanes(int fd, Uint32 width, Uint32 height, Uint32 fourcc,
-                                                 const SharedImageImportLayout& layout, Uint64* outId) {
-                (void)fd, (void)width, (void)height, (void)fourcc, (void)layout, (void)outId;
-                return false;
-            }
-            // Drops this client's reference (an allocation's or an import's).
-            virtual Bool ReleaseSharedImage(Uint64 id) {
-                (void)id;
-                return false;
-            }
-            // In the GL stream: the current context's default framebuffer, copied top row first into
-            // the image (BlitDefaultFramebufferToSharedImage on the server) - `region` of it, Full for
-            // all. Returns when it completed.
-            virtual Bool PresentToSharedImage(Uint64 id, const MG_Util::Damage::Region& region) {
-                (void)id, (void)region;
-                return false;
-            }
-            // In the GL stream: EGL_BUFFER_AGE_EXT of the current draw surface (QueryCurrentBufferAge
-            // on the server). False: the backend has no answer (the caller reports 0).
-            virtual Bool QueryBufferAge(Bool damageRegionFollows, EGLint* age) {
-                (void)damageRegionFollows, (void)age;
-                return false;
-            }
-            // In the GL stream: eglSetDamageRegionKHR for the current draw surface
-            // (SetCurrentDamageRegion on the server).
-            virtual Bool SetDamageRegion(const MG_Util::Damage::Region& region) {
-                (void)region;
-                return false;
-            }
-            // In the GL stream: the texture whose lifetime id is `textureLifetimeId` takes the image as
-            // its level-0 storage (glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES), until its next storage definition.
-            // The caller has already defined level 0 as Width x Height RGBA8 with no data.
-            virtual Bool AttachSharedImageToTexture(Uint64 textureLifetimeId, Uint64 id) {
-                (void)textureLifetimeId, (void)id;
-                return false;
-            }
-            // In the GL stream, from glFlush/glFinish: PublishSharedImageAccesses on the server,
-            // returning once the fence is published. Skipped (true) when nothing reached the stream
-            // since the last one.
-            virtual Bool FlushSharedImageAccesses() { return false; }
-            // In the GL stream, from eglCreateSync(EGL_SYNC_NATIVE_FENCE_ANDROID) with no descriptor:
-            // ExportNativeFence on the server. `*fence` is the sync_file it handed back (the
-            // caller's to close), or -1 when it had none - the fenced work has then completed.
-            virtual Bool CreateNativeFence(int* fence) {
-                *fence = -1;
-                return false;
-            }
+            // The hooks only a server, or only a client of a remote server, calls (BackendRoles.h);
+            // null for a backend that plays no such role.
+            virtual ServerHooks* AsServer() { return nullptr; }
+            virtual ClientHooks* AsClient() { return nullptr; }

            virtual void Initialize() = 0;
            virtual Bool InitCapabilities() = 0;
            virtual Bool InitWindowSurface() = 0;

-            // A served session's apply thread - the one thread that runs this backend from here on -
-            // calls this first, in a process that may serve several sessions at once. A backend whose
-            // native state is process-global by construction gives this object its own copy and binds
-            // it to the calling thread. The default has nothing per process to separate.
-            virtual void BindSessionStateToThisThread() {}
-            // A served session's apply thread asks this each time it wakes, BEFORE it applies another
-            // record: true when this session's own GPU work faulted or hung the GPU and the backend has
-            // latched the session for it (MGPipeSessionLatch, family DeviceLost), so the next frame -
-            // which would very likely stop the GPU again - is never applied. Cheap by contract: no
-            // wait, at most a status read. The default knows of no fault.
-            virtual Bool LatchIfGpuFaulted() { return false; }
-            // A served session's ring moved to another of its client's contexts (bind_context). A
-            // backend whose surface follows the native context it binds needs nothing; one that keeps
-            // a single native surface binding re-binds the surface that context was last made current
-            // with. `token` is the client's context token (the EGLContext MakeEGLCurrent was given).
-            virtual void OnClientContextBound(Uint64 token) { (void)token; }
-
            virtual Bool InitializeEGLDisplay(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLint* major, EGLint* minor);
            virtual Bool CreateEGLWindowSurface(EGLSurface surface, const WindowHandle& handle);
            virtual Bool ResizeEGLWindowSurface(EGLSurface surface, Uint32 width, Uint32 height);
@@ -794,7 +53,8 @@ namespace MobileGL {
            virtual Bool SwapEGLBuffers(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface draw);
            // eglSwapBuffersWithDamage: `damage` (GL window coordinates) is a hint for the native
            // present. A backend with nothing to hand it to swaps as SwapEGLBuffers does.
-            virtual Bool SwapEGLBuffersWithDamage(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface draw, const MG_Util::Damage::Region& damage) {
+            virtual Bool SwapEGLBuffersWithDamage(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface draw,
+                                                  const MG_Util::Damage::Region& damage) {
                (void)damage;
                return SwapEGLBuffers(dpy, draw);
            }
@@ -804,36 +64,6 @@ namespace MobileGL {
            virtual void ReleaseEGLSurface(EGLSurface surface);
            virtual void ReleaseEGLResources();

-            // ---- the server's own display window going away and coming back -------------------
-            //
-            // `window` (a window surface's native window) is about to be destroyed - the display's
-            // screen went off. Release ONLY what is bound to it: every window surface on it keeps its
-            // client handle and draws into a placeholder from here on, and every context, object and
-            // device stays. Called on the thread that runs this backend; nothing may reference the
-            // window once it returns true. False: not supported (the caller ends the session instead).
-            virtual Bool SuspendServerWindow(void* window) {
-                (void)window;
-                return false;
-            }
-            // The surfaces SuspendServerWindow parked are rebuilt on `window` (a new native window,
-            // `width`x`height`), and their new extent is published as a creation publishes it. False:
-            // they could not be (the caller ends the session).
-            virtual Bool ResumeServerWindow(void* window, Uint32 width, Uint32 height) {
-                (void)window, (void)width, (void)height;
-                return false;
-            }
-            // `window` changed size to `width`x`height` (the display's report - the one size to publish).
-            // Its surfaces publish that extent to the client now, without waiting for a present; a
-            // swapchain that has to follow is rebuilt when no frame is half-recorded, else at the
-            // present. False: nothing was published (no surface on it, or not supported).
-            virtual Bool ServerWindowResized(void* window, Uint32 width, Uint32 height) {
-                (void)window, (void)width, (void)height;
-                return false;
-            }
-            // CLIENT side, from eglQuerySurface(EGL_WIDTH/EGL_HEIGHT): a backend whose surface extents
-            // change under the application (a remote server's window) applies what it has received.
-            virtual void RefreshSurfaceExtent(EGLSurface surface) { (void)surface; }
-
            void SetWindowHandle(const WindowHandle& handle);

            virtual const RendererInfo& GetRendererInfo() const = 0;
@@ -905,5 +135,15 @@ namespace MobileGL {
            void DestroyPendingEGLSurfaceIfUnused(EGLSurface surface);
            void ReleaseEGLCurrentThread(const std::thread::id& threadKey);
        };
+
+        // A backend's role hooks; null for no backend, or one that plays no such role.
+        inline ServerHooks* ServerHooksOf(BackendObject* backend) {
+            return backend != nullptr ? backend->AsServer() : nullptr;
+        }
+        inline ClientHooks* ClientHooksOf(BackendObject* backend) {
+            return backend != nullptr ? backend->AsClient() : nullptr;
+        }
+
+        extern UniquePtr<BackendObject>& pActiveBackendObject;
    } // namespace MG_Backend
 } // namespace MobileGL
@@ -13,19 +13,16 @@
 #include "DirectVulkan/BackendObject_DirectVulkan.h"

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend {
-    extern UniquePtr<BackendObject>& pActiveBackendObject;
-    extern GlobalBackendFunctionsTable gBackendFunctionsTable;
-
 #if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
    // P5 v1. The counterpart of Init()'s single split hook, and a NO-OP in every run that is
    // not split. It exists ONLY in a split build: G1 admits no new symbol in the pull build,
    // so MobileGL/Init.cpp's call sits under the same #if rather than calling a no-op.
    //
-    // IT MUST RUN FIRST, BEFORE ANYTHING ELSE IN DestroyImpl. ARCHITECTURE.md:537's order is
+    // IT MUST RUN FIRST, BEFORE ANYTHING ELSE IN DestroyImpl. ARCHITECTURE.md §14's order is
    // publish -> the server drains and acks -> stop the apply thread (Kill, then join) -> close
-    // the transport -> the client drains the compile pool -> MobileGL::Destroy() -> release the
-    // sync/query handles; DestroyImpl IS MobileGL::Destroy, so everything before that arrow has
-    // to happen at its top. Two consequences are load-bearing rather than tidy:
+    // the transport -> the client drains the compile pool -> MobileGL::Destroy(); DestroyImpl IS
+    // MobileGL::Destroy, so everything before that last arrow has to happen at its top. Two
+    // consequences are load-bearing rather than tidy:
    //
    //   * the apply thread is JOINED before PipeStats::Shutdown() dumps, so nothing is writing
    //     a counter while the final line is produced;
@@ -33,11 +30,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend {
    //     BackendObject - which is NOT that global (table 3) - is destroyed on the thread that
    //     owns the context, by ServerLoop::Stop, rather than on the app thread.
    //
-    // The sync/query registries stay where they are, drained at MobileGL/Init.cpp:62 and :67
-    // BEFORE pActiveBackendObject.reset(). ARCHITECTURE.md:537 puts them after
-    // MobileGL::Destroy(); the two are only reconcilable if a split sync handle is
-    // client-minted and needs no backend call, which is P10's. CONTRACT-P5 4 flags this as a
-    // KNOWN OPEN ITEM and asks v1 to record which way it went: P5 keeps today's order.
+    // The sync/query registries stay where they are: DestroyImpl drains them with
+    // DestroyAllSyncObjects and DestroyAllQueryObjects before pActiveBackendObject.reset().
    void ShutdownSplitRoles();

    // F1 (P7 wave 2). Init()'s SPLIT ARM, run BEFORE MG_State::Init() rather than after it.
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/BackendRoles.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#pragma once
+#include <Includes.h>
+#include <MG_Backend/SharedImageTypes.h>
+#include <MG_Util/Damage/Damage.h>
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend {
+    // What only the server asks of the backend it applies a session's records with. A backend that
+    // can serve sessions implements it and returns it from BackendObject::AsServer; each default is
+    // the answer of a backend with nothing to do for that hook.
+    class ServerHooks {
+    public:
+        // ---- shared images ------------------------------------------------------------------
+        //
+        // Copies the default framebuffer of the surface current on this (the apply) thread into
+        // `image`, rows TOP FIRST - GL's top row (y = height-1) lands in the image's first memory
+        // row, which is what a wl_buffer's first row is - scaled to the image's extent if the two
+        // differ. The image is ORDERED THROUGH ITS SYNC STATE (SharedImageRegistry.h): the copy
+        // waits for the image's pending read fences before it writes, and its own completion
+        // is published with SharedImages::PublishWrite as a sync_file - the call returns once
+        // the copy is submitted, never waiting for it on the CPU (a backend with no fence export
+        // waits and publishes -1). A reader binding the image waits for that fence on its GPU
+        // when the write generation moved, and at its frame boundary publishes its frame's fence
+        // with PublishRead / ReadTracker. The application's GL state is untouched. False = not
+        // supported / failed (logged).
+        //
+        // `region` (GL window coordinates, origin bottom-left) is the part of the frame to copy;
+        // Full copies all of it. The rest of the image is left as it is - the client sends a
+        // region only for an image that already holds the frame outside it - and a backend that
+        // cannot be sure the image's contents survived (a target it has never written) copies
+        // all of it regardless.
+        virtual Bool BlitDefaultFramebufferToSharedImage(const SharedImageView& image,
+                                                         const MG_Util::Damage::Region& region) {
+            (void)image, (void)region;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // EGL_BUFFER_AGE_EXT of the draw surface of the context current on this (the apply)
+        // thread: how many presents ago the buffer the next frame draws into held the frame then
+        // presented; 0 = unknown (the application repaints everything). Asking says the client
+        // relies on the answer, so from then on the backend keeps what it presents.
+        //
+        // `damageRegionFollows`: the client declares the region it draws (SetCurrentDamageRegion)
+        // before drawing. A driver whose only buffer age is EGL_KHR_partial_update's keeps a
+        // buffer's content only outside that region, so without one coming it is not asked.
+        virtual Int32 QueryCurrentBufferAge(Bool damageRegionFollows) {
+            (void)damageRegionFollows;
+            return 0;
+        }
+        // eglSetDamageRegionKHR for that draw surface: the frame draws `region` (GL window
+        // coordinates; Full = all of it) and nothing outside it. A backend without the notion
+        // ignores it.
+        virtual Bool SetCurrentDamageRegion(const MG_Util::Damage::Region& region) {
+            (void)region;
+            return true;
+        }
+        // IMPLICIT SYNC BY FLUSH (docs/archive/notes/anland/plan-x11-gpu.md): the session
+        // on this (the apply) thread ends a frame at a glFlush. Every shared image it used since
+        // its last boundary is published as written and read by one fence of everything it
+        // submitted (SharedImages::ReadTracker::PublishFrameAsWrite), and from now on its first
+        // use of an image in a frame waits for that image's pending reads (it may be about to
+        // overwrite what another session still samples). A backend without shared images has
+        // nothing to publish.
+        virtual Bool PublishSharedImageAccesses() { return true; }
+        // EGL_ANDROID_native_fence_sync's fence command, on the server: in `*fence`, a sync_file
+        // (the caller's to close) that signals once everything the session submitted so far has
+        // completed - and, for a session that writes images, what PublishSharedImageAccesses
+        // does. -1 when there is none to give: the backend cannot export one, or the work has
+        // already completed - in both cases it HAS completed when this returns.
+        virtual Bool ExportNativeFence(int* fence) {
+            *fence = -1;
+            return PublishSharedImageAccesses();
+        }
+
+        // A served session's apply thread - the one thread that runs this backend from here on -
+        // calls this first, in a process that may serve several sessions at once. A backend whose
+        // native state is process-global by construction gives this object its own copy and binds
+        // it to the calling thread. The default has nothing per process to separate.
+        virtual void BindSessionStateToThisThread() {}
+        // A served session's apply thread asks this each time it wakes, BEFORE it applies another
+        // record: true when this session's own GPU work faulted or hung the GPU and the backend has
+        // latched the session for it (MGPipeSessionLatch, family DeviceLost), so the next frame -
+        // which would very likely stop the GPU again - is never applied. Cheap by contract: no
+        // wait, at most a status read. The default knows of no fault.
+        virtual Bool LatchIfGpuFaulted() { return false; }
+        // A served session's ring moved to another of its client's contexts (bind_context). A
+        // backend whose surface follows the native context it binds needs nothing; one that keeps
+        // a single native surface binding re-binds the surface that context was last made current
+        // with. `token` is the client's context token (the EGLContext MakeEGLCurrent was given).
+        virtual void OnClientContextBound(Uint64 token) { (void)token; }
+
+        // ---- the server's own display window going away and coming back -------------------
+        //
+        // `window` (a window surface's native window) is about to be destroyed - the display's
+        // screen went off. Release ONLY what is bound to it: every window surface on it keeps its
+        // client handle and draws into a placeholder from here on, and every context, object and
+        // device stays. Called on the thread that runs this backend; nothing may reference the
+        // window once it returns true. False: not supported (the caller ends the session instead).
+        virtual Bool SuspendServerWindow(void* window) {
+            (void)window;
+            return false;
+        }
+        // The surfaces SuspendServerWindow parked are rebuilt on `window` (a new native window,
+        // `width`x`height`), and their new extent is published as a creation publishes it. False:
+        // they could not be (the caller ends the session).
+        virtual Bool ResumeServerWindow(void* window, Uint32 width, Uint32 height) {
+            (void)window, (void)width, (void)height;
+            return false;
+        }
+        // `window` changed size to `width`x`height` (the display's report - the one size to publish).
+        // Its surfaces publish that extent to the client now, without waiting for a present; a
+        // swapchain that has to follow is rebuilt when no frame is half-recorded, else at the
+        // present. False: nothing was published (no surface on it, or not supported).
+        virtual Bool ServerWindowResized(void* window, Uint32 width, Uint32 height) {
+            (void)window, (void)width, (void)height;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+    protected:
+        ~ServerHooks() = default;
+    };
+
+    // What only a client of a remote server asks of its backend. BackendObject_Remote implements it
+    // and returns it from BackendObject::AsClient; each default is the answer of a backend with no
+    // server behind it.
+    class ClientHooks {
+    public:
+        // ---- shared images ------------------------------------------------------------------
+        //
+        // A new image, allocated by the server; `out->Fd` is the caller's to close.
+        virtual Bool AllocateSharedImage(Uint32 width, Uint32 height, Uint32 fourcc, SharedImageExport* out) {
+            (void)width, (void)height, (void)fourcc, (void)out;
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Names the image `fd` was exported from (the caller keeps `fd`). False: not one of this
+        // server's images, or the size/format disagree.
+        virtual Bool ImportSharedImage(int fd, Uint32 width, Uint32 height, Uint32 fourcc, Uint64* outId) {
+            (void)fd, (void)width, (void)height, (void)fourcc, (void)outId;
+            return false;
+        }
+        // The same for a YUV fourcc, whose planes and hints `layout` gives. A YUV buffer the
+        // server did not export is taken too (its labelled CPU-copy fallback).
+        virtual Bool ImportSharedImagePlanes(int fd, Uint32 width, Uint32 height, Uint32 fourcc,
+                                             const SharedImageImportLayout& layout, Uint64* outId) {
+            (void)fd, (void)width, (void)height, (void)fourcc, (void)layout, (void)outId;
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Drops this client's reference (an allocation's or an import's).
+        virtual Bool ReleaseSharedImage(Uint64 id) {
+            (void)id;
+            return false;
+        }
+        // In the GL stream: the current context's default framebuffer, copied top row first into
+        // the image (BlitDefaultFramebufferToSharedImage on the server) - `region` of it, Full for
+        // all. Returns when it completed.
+        virtual Bool PresentToSharedImage(Uint64 id, const MG_Util::Damage::Region& region) {
+            (void)id, (void)region;
+            return false;
+        }
+        // In the GL stream: EGL_BUFFER_AGE_EXT of the current draw surface (QueryCurrentBufferAge
+        // on the server). False: the backend has no answer (the caller reports 0).
+        virtual Bool QueryBufferAge(Bool damageRegionFollows, EGLint* age) {
+            (void)damageRegionFollows, (void)age;
+            return false;
+        }
+        // In the GL stream: eglSetDamageRegionKHR for the current draw surface
+        // (SetCurrentDamageRegion on the server).
+        virtual Bool SetDamageRegion(const MG_Util::Damage::Region& region) {
+            (void)region;
+            return false;
+        }
+        // In the GL stream: the texture whose lifetime id is `textureLifetimeId` takes the image as
+        // its level-0 storage (glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES), until its next storage definition.
+        // The caller has already defined level 0 as Width x Height RGBA8 with no data.
+        virtual Bool AttachSharedImageToTexture(Uint64 textureLifetimeId, Uint64 id) {
+            (void)textureLifetimeId, (void)id;
+            return false;
+        }
+        // In the GL stream, from glFlush/glFinish: PublishSharedImageAccesses on the server,
+        // returning once the fence is published. Skipped (true) when nothing reached the stream
+        // since the last one.
+        virtual Bool FlushSharedImageAccesses() { return false; }
+        // In the GL stream, from eglCreateSync(EGL_SYNC_NATIVE_FENCE_ANDROID) with no descriptor:
+        // ExportNativeFence on the server. `*fence` is the sync_file it handed back (the
+        // caller's to close), or -1 when it had none - the fenced work has then completed.
+        virtual Bool CreateNativeFence(int* fence) {
+            *fence = -1;
+            return false;
+        }
+        // From eglQuerySurface(EGL_WIDTH/EGL_HEIGHT): a backend whose surface extents
+        // change under the application (a remote server's window) applies what it has received.
+        virtual void RefreshSurfaceExtent(EGLSurface surface) { (void)surface; }
+
+    protected:
+        ~ClientHooks() = default;
+    };
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend
@@ -0,0 +1,491 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/ClientReadback.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#include "ClientReadback.h"
+#include <MG_Backend/MGPipe/PipeInputs.h>
+#include <MG_Util/Math/HalfFloat.h>
+#include <MG_Util/Math/SmallFloat.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend {
+    // ---- Client-format readback conversion helpers -------------------------------------------------
+    // ReadPixels/GetTexImage read a guaranteed wide RGBA(_INTEGER) layout from the ES driver and repack
+    // it on the CPU into the client's (format, type) layout. Everything here is pure byte shuffling so
+    // unit tests can assert the exact packed words; field positions follow GL 3.3 table 3.6 and mirror
+    // the GL CTS packed_pixels oracle (glcPackedPixelsTests.cpp pack_UNSIGNED_* helpers).
+    namespace ClientReadback {
+        using MG_Util::DecodeHalfBitsToFloat;
+        using MG_Util::EncodeFloatToHalfBits;
+
+        Bool GetReadbackChannelMapping(GLenum format, ReadbackChannelMapping& outMapping) {
+            switch (format) {
+            case GL_RED:
+                outMapping = {{0, 0, 0, 0}, 1, false};
+                return true;
+            case GL_RED_INTEGER:
+                outMapping = {{0, 0, 0, 0}, 1, true};
+                return true;
+            // Desktop-GL single-channel client formats (GL CTS packed_pixels rgba8_format_green/blue):
+            // the destination holds one component sourced from the named channel of the wide RGBA read.
+            // GL_ALPHA is mapped here from the raw enum because the state layer folds it into Red for the
+            // legacy alpha-texture upload hack.
+            case GL_GREEN:
+                outMapping = {{1, 0, 0, 0}, 1, false};
+                return true;
+            case GL_GREEN_INTEGER:
+                outMapping = {{1, 0, 0, 0}, 1, true};
+                return true;
+            case GL_BLUE:
+                outMapping = {{2, 0, 0, 0}, 1, false};
+                return true;
+            case GL_BLUE_INTEGER:
+                outMapping = {{2, 0, 0, 0}, 1, true};
+                return true;
+            case GL_ALPHA:
+                outMapping = {{3, 0, 0, 0}, 1, false};
+                return true;
+            case GL_ALPHA_INTEGER:
+                outMapping = {{3, 0, 0, 0}, 1, true};
+                return true;
+            case GL_RG:
+                outMapping = {{0, 1, 0, 0}, 2, false};
+                return true;
+            case GL_RG_INTEGER:
+                outMapping = {{0, 1, 0, 0}, 2, true};
+                return true;
+            case GL_RGB:
+                outMapping = {{0, 1, 2, 0}, 3, false};
+                return true;
+            case GL_RGB_INTEGER:
+                outMapping = {{0, 1, 2, 0}, 3, true};
+                return true;
+            case GL_BGR:
+                outMapping = {{2, 1, 0, 0}, 3, false};
+                return true;
+            case GL_BGR_INTEGER:
+                outMapping = {{2, 1, 0, 0}, 3, true};
+                return true;
+            case GL_RGBA:
+                outMapping = {{0, 1, 2, 3}, 4, false};
+                return true;
+            case GL_RGBA_INTEGER:
+                outMapping = {{0, 1, 2, 3}, 4, true};
+                return true;
+            case GL_BGRA:
+                outMapping = {{2, 1, 0, 3}, 4, false};
+                return true;
+            case GL_BGRA_INTEGER:
+                outMapping = {{2, 1, 0, 3}, 4, true};
+                return true;
+            default:
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Bool GetPackedReadbackLayout(GLenum type, PackedReadbackLayout& out) {
+            switch (type) {
+            // Non-REV types pack the first format component starting at the most significant bit,
+            // *_REV types starting at the least significant bit (GL CTS pack_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5:
+            // R bits 15-11; pack_UNSIGNED_SHORT_1_5_5_5_REV: R bits 4-0, A bit 15).
+            case GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE_3_3_2:
+                out = {3, {3, 3, 2, 0}, {5, 2, 0, 0}, 1, false};
+                return true;
+            case GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE_2_3_3_REV:
+                out = {3, {3, 3, 2, 0}, {0, 3, 6, 0}, 1, false};
+                return true;
+            case GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5:
+                out = {3, {5, 6, 5, 0}, {11, 5, 0, 0}, 2, false};
+                return true;
+            case GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5_REV:
+                out = {3, {5, 6, 5, 0}, {0, 5, 11, 0}, 2, false};
+                return true;
+            case GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_4_4_4_4:
+                out = {4, {4, 4, 4, 4}, {12, 8, 4, 0}, 2, false};
+                return true;
+            case GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_4_4_4_4_REV:
+                out = {4, {4, 4, 4, 4}, {0, 4, 8, 12}, 2, false};
+                return true;
+            case GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_5_5_1:
+                out = {4, {5, 5, 5, 1}, {11, 6, 1, 0}, 2, false};
+                return true;
+            case GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_1_5_5_5_REV:
+                out = {4, {5, 5, 5, 1}, {0, 5, 10, 15}, 2, false};
+                return true;
+            case GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8:
+                out = {4, {8, 8, 8, 8}, {24, 16, 8, 0}, 4, false};
+                return true;
+            case GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8_REV:
+                out = {4, {8, 8, 8, 8}, {0, 8, 16, 24}, 4, false};
+                return true;
+            case GL_UNSIGNED_INT_10_10_10_2:
+                out = {4, {10, 10, 10, 2}, {22, 12, 2, 0}, 4, false};
+                return true;
+            case GL_UNSIGNED_INT_2_10_10_10_REV:
+                out = {4, {10, 10, 10, 2}, {0, 10, 20, 30}, 4, false};
+                return true;
+            // Packed-float RGB types: fields hold unsigned small floats; 5_9_9_9_REV's shared 5-bit
+            // exponent (bits 31-27) is emitted by EncodeSharedExponentRGB9E5, not a component field.
+            case GL_UNSIGNED_INT_10F_11F_11F_REV:
+                out = {3, {11, 11, 10, 0}, {0, 11, 22, 0}, 4, true};
+                return true;
+            case GL_UNSIGNED_INT_5_9_9_9_REV:
+                out = {3, {9, 9, 9, 0}, {0, 9, 18, 0}, 4, true};
+                return true;
+            default:
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        SizeT GetReadbackComponentSize(GLenum type) {
+            PackedReadbackLayout packedLayout{};
+            if (GetPackedReadbackLayout(type, packedLayout)) {
+                return packedLayout.byteSize;
+            }
+            switch (type) {
+            case GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE:
+            case GL_BYTE:
+                return 1;
+            case GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT:
+            case GL_SHORT:
+            case GL_HALF_FLOAT:
+                return 2;
+            case GL_UNSIGNED_INT:
+            case GL_INT:
+            case GL_FLOAT:
+                return 4;
+            default:
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        SizeT GetReadbackDstPixelSize(const ReadbackChannelMapping& mapping, GLenum type) {
+            PackedReadbackLayout packedLayout{};
+            if (GetPackedReadbackLayout(type, packedLayout)) {
+                if (packedLayout.fieldCount != mapping.channelCount) {
+                    return 0; // 3-field packed types pair with 3-component formats only, 4 with 4
+                }
+                if (mapping.isInteger && packedLayout.isFloatPacked) {
+                    return 0; // packed-float RGB types never pair with integer formats
+                }
+                return packedLayout.byteSize;
+            }
+            if (mapping.isInteger && (type == GL_FLOAT || type == GL_HALF_FLOAT)) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            const SizeT componentSize = GetReadbackComponentSize(type);
+            return componentSize == 0 ? 0 : static_cast<SizeT>(mapping.channelCount) * componentSize;
+        }
+
+        namespace {
+            void WritePackedReadbackWord(Uint8* dst, Uint32 word, SizeT byteSize) {
+                switch (byteSize) {
+                case 1: {
+                    const auto out = static_cast<Uint8>(word);
+                    Memcpy(dst, &out, sizeof(out));
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 2: {
+                    const auto out = static_cast<Uint16>(word);
+                    Memcpy(dst, &out, sizeof(out));
+                    break;
+                }
+                default:
+                    Memcpy(dst, &word, sizeof(word));
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        } // namespace
+
+        // Shared encoders live in MG_Util/Math/SmallFloat.h so the upload conversion
+        // (PixelStoreProcessor) uses byte-identical packing; kept exported here for unit tests.
+        Uint32 EncodeFloatToUnsignedF11(Float value) {
+            return MG_Util::EncodeFloatToUnsignedF11(value);
+        }
+        Uint32 EncodeFloatToUnsignedF10(Float value) {
+            return MG_Util::EncodeFloatToUnsignedF10(value);
+        }
+        Uint32 EncodeSharedExponentRGB9E5(const Float rgb[3]) {
+            return MG_Util::EncodeSharedExponentRGB9E5(rgb);
+        }
+
+        void ConvertWideReadbackRow(const Uint8* src, Uint8* dst, SizeT width, GLenum wideType,
+                                    const ReadbackChannelMapping& mapping, GLenum type) {
+            PackedReadbackLayout packedLayout{};
+            const Bool isPacked = GetPackedReadbackLayout(type, packedLayout);
+            const SizeT dstComponentSize = GetReadbackComponentSize(type);
+            const SizeT dstPixelBytes = GetReadbackDstPixelSize(mapping, type);
+            const SizeT srcPixelBytes = 4 * GetReadbackComponentSize(wideType);
+
+            for (SizeT col = 0; col < width; ++col) {
+                const Uint8* srcPixel = src + col * srcPixelBytes;
+                Uint8* dstPixel = dst + col * dstPixelBytes;
+                if (mapping.isInteger) {
+                    Int64 srcValues[4];
+                    for (Int c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
+                        srcValues[c] = wideType == GL_INT
+                                           ? static_cast<Int64>(reinterpret_cast<const Int32*>(srcPixel)[c])
+                                           : static_cast<Int64>(reinterpret_cast<const Uint32*>(srcPixel)[c]);
+                    }
+                    if (isPacked) {
+                        // Integer sources clamp each component to the unsigned range of its field
+                        // (GL 3.3 section 4.3.1 final conversion).
+                        Uint32 word = 0;
+                        for (Int ch = 0; ch < packedLayout.fieldCount; ++ch) {
+                            const Int64 fieldMax = (Int64{1} << packedLayout.width[ch]) - 1;
+                            const auto v = static_cast<Uint32>(
+                                std::clamp<Int64>(srcValues[mapping.sourceChannel[ch]], 0, fieldMax));
+                            word |= v << packedLayout.shift[ch];
+                        }
+                        WritePackedReadbackWord(dstPixel, word, packedLayout.byteSize);
+                    } else {
+                        for (Int ch = 0; ch < mapping.channelCount; ++ch) {
+                            const Int64 v = srcValues[mapping.sourceChannel[ch]];
+                            Uint8* dstComponent = dstPixel + static_cast<SizeT>(ch) * dstComponentSize;
+                            switch (type) {
+                            case GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE:
+                                *dstComponent = static_cast<Uint8>(std::clamp<Int64>(v, 0, 255));
+                                break;
+                            case GL_BYTE: {
+                                const auto out = static_cast<Int8>(std::clamp<Int64>(v, -128, 127));
+                                Memcpy(dstComponent, &out, sizeof(out));
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT: {
+                                const auto out = static_cast<Uint16>(std::clamp<Int64>(v, 0, 65535));
+                                Memcpy(dstComponent, &out, sizeof(out));
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case GL_SHORT: {
+                                const auto out = static_cast<Int16>(std::clamp<Int64>(v, -32768, 32767));
+                                Memcpy(dstComponent, &out, sizeof(out));
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case GL_UNSIGNED_INT: {
+                                const auto out = static_cast<Uint32>(std::clamp<Int64>(v, 0, 4294967295LL));
+                                Memcpy(dstComponent, &out, sizeof(out));
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case GL_INT: {
+                                const auto out = static_cast<Int32>(std::clamp<Int64>(v, -2147483648LL, 2147483647LL));
+                                Memcpy(dstComponent, &out, sizeof(out));
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            default:
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    Float srcValues[4];
+                    switch (wideType) {
+                    case GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE:
+                        for (Int c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
+                            srcValues[c] = static_cast<Float>(srcPixel[c]) / 255.0f;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case GL_BYTE:
+                        for (Int c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
+                            srcValues[c] = std::max(
+                                static_cast<Float>(reinterpret_cast<const Int8*>(srcPixel)[c]) / 127.0f, -1.0f);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT:
+                        for (Int c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
+                            srcValues[c] = static_cast<Float>(reinterpret_cast<const Uint16*>(srcPixel)[c]) / 65535.0f;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case GL_SHORT:
+                        for (Int c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
+                            srcValues[c] = std::max(
+                                static_cast<Float>(reinterpret_cast<const Int16*>(srcPixel)[c]) / 32767.0f, -1.0f);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case GL_HALF_FLOAT:
+                        for (Int c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
+                            srcValues[c] = DecodeHalfBitsToFloat(reinterpret_cast<const Uint16*>(srcPixel)[c]);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    default: // GL_FLOAT
+                        for (Int c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
+                            srcValues[c] = reinterpret_cast<const Float*>(srcPixel)[c];
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    if (isPacked) {
+                        Uint32 word = 0;
+                        if (packedLayout.isFloatPacked) {
+                            const Float fields[3] = {srcValues[mapping.sourceChannel[0]],
+                                                     srcValues[mapping.sourceChannel[1]],
+                                                     srcValues[mapping.sourceChannel[2]]};
+                            word = type == GL_UNSIGNED_INT_5_9_9_9_REV
+                                       ? EncodeSharedExponentRGB9E5(fields)
+                                       : (EncodeFloatToUnsignedF11(fields[0]) << packedLayout.shift[0]) |
+                                             (EncodeFloatToUnsignedF11(fields[1]) << packedLayout.shift[1]) |
+                                             (EncodeFloatToUnsignedF10(fields[2]) << packedLayout.shift[2]);
+                        } else {
+                            // Normalized encode: round(clamp(v, 0, 1) * (2^bits - 1)) into each field.
+                            for (Int ch = 0; ch < packedLayout.fieldCount; ++ch) {
+                                const auto fieldMax = static_cast<Float>((1u << packedLayout.width[ch]) - 1u);
+                                const auto v = static_cast<Uint32>(std::llround(
+                                    std::clamp(srcValues[mapping.sourceChannel[ch]], 0.0f, 1.0f) * fieldMax));
+                                word |= v << packedLayout.shift[ch];
+                            }
+                        }
+                        WritePackedReadbackWord(dstPixel, word, packedLayout.byteSize);
+                    } else {
+                        for (Int ch = 0; ch < mapping.channelCount; ++ch) {
+                            const Float v = srcValues[mapping.sourceChannel[ch]];
+                            Uint8* dstComponent = dstPixel + static_cast<SizeT>(ch) * dstComponentSize;
+                            switch (type) {
+                            case GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE:
+                                *dstComponent = static_cast<Uint8>(std::llround(std::clamp(v, 0.0f, 1.0f) * 255.0));
+                                break;
+                            case GL_BYTE: {
+                                const auto out = static_cast<Int8>(std::llround(std::clamp(v, -1.0f, 1.0f) * 127.0));
+                                Memcpy(dstComponent, &out, sizeof(out));
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT: {
+                                const auto out = static_cast<Uint16>(std::llround(std::clamp(v, 0.0f, 1.0f) * 65535.0));
+                                Memcpy(dstComponent, &out, sizeof(out));
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case GL_SHORT: {
+                                const auto out = static_cast<Int16>(std::llround(std::clamp(v, -1.0f, 1.0f) * 32767.0));
+                                Memcpy(dstComponent, &out, sizeof(out));
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case GL_UNSIGNED_INT: {
+                                const auto out = static_cast<Uint32>(
+                                    std::llround(static_cast<Double>(std::clamp(v, 0.0f, 1.0f)) * 4294967295.0));
+                                Memcpy(dstComponent, &out, sizeof(out));
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case GL_INT: {
+                                const auto out = static_cast<Int32>(
+                                    std::llround(static_cast<Double>(std::clamp(v, -1.0f, 1.0f)) * 2147483647.0));
+                                Memcpy(dstComponent, &out, sizeof(out));
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case GL_FLOAT:
+                                Memcpy(dstComponent, &v, sizeof(v));
+                                break;
+                            case GL_HALF_FLOAT: {
+                                const Uint16 out = EncodeFloatToHalfBits(v);
+                                Memcpy(dstComponent, &out, sizeof(out));
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            default:
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static SizeT AlignReadbackRow(SizeT rowBytes, Int alignment) {
+            const SizeT align = alignment > 0 ? static_cast<SizeT>(alignment) : 1;
+            return (rowBytes + align - 1) / align * align;
+        }
+
+        // Walks the client-side destination the PACK parameters describe and hands each row to
+        // `fillRow(slice, row, dstRow)`, which writes width * dstPixelBytes bytes of finished client
+        // texels. Shared by the converting and the raw-word stores so both address the destination
+        // identically. The destination is always client memory: a readback into a pack buffer takes
+        // the verb path and never reaches these stores.
+        // applyPackImageParams: GL_PACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT / GL_PACK_SKIP_IMAGES apply only to GetTexImage
+        // of 3D/array images; ReadPixels and 2D GetTexImage ignore them (GL 3.3 sections 4.3.1, 6.1.4).
+        // Per the GL addressing rules, slice k row j lands at
+        // SKIP_IMAGES*imageStride + SKIP_ROWS*rowStride + SKIP_PIXELS*pixelBytes
+        //   + k*imageStride + j*rowStride, with imageStride = max(IMAGE_HEIGHT, sliceHeight)*rowStride.
+        template <typename FillRow>
+        static Bool StoreClientRows(SizeT dstPixelBytes, SizeT swapGroupSize, GLsizei width, GLsizei sliceHeight,
+                                    GLsizei sliceCount, void* pixels, Bool applyPackImageParams, FillRow&& fillRow) {
+            // Destination layout is computed from the client-side PACK parameters; only the actual pixel
+            // rows are written so skip regions of the destination stay untouched.
+            const auto packParams = MG_Pipe::gPipeInputs->GetPixelStoreParameters(false);
+            const SizeT rowPixels = static_cast<SizeT>(packParams.RowLength > 0 ? packParams.RowLength : width);
+            const SizeT dstRowStride = AlignReadbackRow(rowPixels * dstPixelBytes, packParams.Alignment);
+            const SizeT imageRows = applyPackImageParams && packParams.ImageHeight > 0
+                                        ? static_cast<SizeT>(packParams.ImageHeight)
+                                        : static_cast<SizeT>(sliceHeight);
+            const SizeT dstImageStride = imageRows * dstRowStride;
+            const SizeT skipImages =
+                applyPackImageParams ? static_cast<SizeT>(std::max(packParams.SkipImages, 0)) : SizeT{0};
+            const SizeT dstSkipOffset = skipImages * dstImageStride +
+                                        static_cast<SizeT>(std::max(packParams.SkipRows, 0)) * dstRowStride +
+                                        static_cast<SizeT>(std::max(packParams.SkipPixels, 0)) * dstPixelBytes;
+            const SizeT dstRowBytes = static_cast<SizeT>(width) * dstPixelBytes;
+
+            Vector<Uint8> convertedRow(dstRowBytes);
+
+            for (GLsizei slice = 0; slice < sliceCount; ++slice) {
+                for (GLsizei row = 0; row < sliceHeight; ++row) {
+                    fillRow(slice, row, convertedRow.data());
+
+                    if (packParams.SwapBytes && swapGroupSize > 1) {
+                        for (SizeT offset = 0; offset + swapGroupSize <= dstRowBytes; offset += swapGroupSize) {
+                            std::reverse(convertedRow.data() + offset, convertedRow.data() + offset + swapGroupSize);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    const SizeT dstOffset = dstSkipOffset + static_cast<SizeT>(slice) * dstImageStride +
+                                            static_cast<SizeT>(row) * dstRowStride;
+                    Memcpy(static_cast<Uint8*>(pixels) + dstOffset, convertedRow.data(), dstRowBytes);
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // Repacks wide RGBA(_INTEGER) rows into the client's (format, type) layout, honoring the
+        // client-side PACK parameters. `wide` holds
+        // `sliceHeight * sliceCount` rows of `width` texels (slice-major, tightly stacked),
+        // 4 components x GetReadbackComponentSize(wideType) bytes each.
+        Bool StoreWideRowsToClient(const Uint8* wide, GLenum wideType, GLsizei width, GLsizei sliceHeight,
+                                   GLsizei sliceCount, const ReadbackChannelMapping& mapping, GLenum type, void* pixels,
+                                   Bool applyPackImageParams) {
+            const SizeT dstPixelBytes = GetReadbackDstPixelSize(mapping, type);
+            if (dstPixelBytes == 0) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            PackedReadbackLayout packedLayout{};
+            const Bool isPackedType = GetPackedReadbackLayout(type, packedLayout);
+            const SizeT swapGroupSize = isPackedType ? packedLayout.byteSize : GetReadbackComponentSize(type);
+            const SizeT srcPixelBytes = 4 * GetReadbackComponentSize(wideType);
+
+            return StoreClientRows(
+                dstPixelBytes, swapGroupSize, width, sliceHeight, sliceCount, pixels, applyPackImageParams,
+                [&](GLsizei slice, GLsizei row, Uint8* dstRow) {
+                    const SizeT flatRow =
+                        static_cast<SizeT>(slice) * static_cast<SizeT>(sliceHeight) + static_cast<SizeT>(row);
+                    const Uint8* srcRow = wide + flatRow * static_cast<SizeT>(width) * srcPixelBytes;
+                    ConvertWideReadbackRow(srcRow, dstRow, static_cast<SizeT>(width), wideType, mapping, type);
+                });
+        }
+
+        Bool StorePackedWordsToClient(const Uint8* srcWords, GLsizei width, GLsizei sliceHeight, GLsizei sliceCount,
+                                      GLenum type, void* pixels, Bool applyPackImageParams) {
+            PackedReadbackLayout packedLayout{};
+            if (!GetPackedReadbackLayout(type, packedLayout) || packedLayout.byteSize != 4) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            const SizeT srcRowBytes = static_cast<SizeT>(width) * 4;
+
+            return StoreClientRows(4, packedLayout.byteSize, width, sliceHeight, sliceCount, pixels,
+                                   applyPackImageParams, [&](GLsizei slice, GLsizei row, Uint8* dstRow) {
+                                       const SizeT flatRow =
+                                           static_cast<SizeT>(slice) * static_cast<SizeT>(sliceHeight) +
+                                           static_cast<SizeT>(row);
+                                       Memcpy(dstRow, srcWords + flatRow * srcRowBytes, srcRowBytes);
+                                   });
+        }
+    } // namespace ClientReadback
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/ClientReadback.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#pragma once
+#include <Includes.h>
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend {
+    // Pure CPU helpers of the client-format readback conversion (ReadPixels/GetTexImage repack a wide
+    // RGBA(_INTEGER) read into the caller's (format, type) layout). Kept context-free so unit tests can
+    // exercise the exact packing the GL CTS packed_pixels oracle compares against.
+    namespace ClientReadback {
+        struct ReadbackChannelMapping {
+            Int sourceChannel[4]; // RGBA source channel feeding each destination component
+            Int channelCount;     // destination component count
+            Bool isInteger;
+        };
+        Bool GetReadbackChannelMapping(GLenum format, ReadbackChannelMapping& outMapping);
+
+        // Byte size of one destination component of `type`; packed types report the packed word size.
+        // 0 = type not supported by the conversion path.
+        SizeT GetReadbackComponentSize(GLenum type);
+
+        // Bit-field layout of a GL packed pixel type. width/shift are indexed in the client format's
+        // component order (matching ReadbackChannelMapping); shift is the LSB position of the field in
+        // the packed word: non-REV types pack the first component from the MSB, *_REV types from the
+        // LSB (GL 3.3 table 3.6; field positions mirror the GL CTS glcPackedPixelsTests pack_* oracle).
+        struct PackedReadbackLayout {
+            Int fieldCount;     // format components stored in the packed word
+            Int width[4];       // bit width of each component's field
+            Int shift[4];       // LSB bit position of each component's field
+            SizeT byteSize;     // packed word size in bytes (1, 2 or 4)
+            Bool isFloatPacked; // 10F_11F_11F_REV / 5_9_9_9_REV: fields hold unsigned small floats
+        };
+        Bool GetPackedReadbackLayout(GLenum type, PackedReadbackLayout& out);
+
+        // Unsigned small-float encoders (EXT_packed_float / EXT_texture_shared_exponent semantics).
+        Uint32 EncodeFloatToUnsignedF11(Float value);
+        Uint32 EncodeFloatToUnsignedF10(Float value);
+        Uint32 EncodeSharedExponentRGB9E5(const Float rgb[3]);
+
+        // Destination bytes per pixel for a (format mapping, type) readback pair; 0 when the pair is
+        // not convertible (unknown type, packed field count != format component count, floating-point
+        // or packed-float type with an integer format).
+        SizeT GetReadbackDstPixelSize(const ReadbackChannelMapping& mapping, GLenum type);
+
+        // Repacks one row of wide RGBA(_INTEGER) texels (4 components of wideType each) into the
+        // client's (format, type) layout. src holds width * 4 * GetReadbackComponentSize(wideType)
+        // bytes, dst receives width * GetReadbackDstPixelSize(mapping, type) bytes.
+        void ConvertWideReadbackRow(const Uint8* src, Uint8* dst, SizeT width, GLenum wideType,
+                                    const ReadbackChannelMapping& mapping, GLenum type);
+
+        // Stores wide RGBA(_INTEGER) rows into client memory, honoring the client-side PACK
+        // pixel-store parameters (row length, alignment, skips, swap-bytes, and - when
+        // applyPackImageParams - image height/skip images). Shared by the DirectGLES and DirectVulkan
+        // readback conversion paths.
+        Bool StoreWideRowsToClient(const Uint8* wide, GLenum wideType, GLsizei width, GLsizei sliceHeight,
+                                   GLsizei sliceCount, const ReadbackChannelMapping& mapping, GLenum type, void* pixels,
+                                   Bool applyPackImageParams);
+
+        // Stores packed 32-bit source words verbatim, with the same destination addressing and PACK
+        // parameters as StoreWideRowsToClient. For the sources whose storage word already IS the
+        // client word (MG_Util::IsRawPackedPixelTransfer): routing those through the wide float
+        // intermediate re-encodes them, and the RGB9_E5 encoder canonicalizes
+        // the shared exponent, so glGetTexImage would answer with different bits than were stored.
+        // `srcWords` holds sliceHeight * sliceCount tightly stacked rows of `width` 32-bit words.
+        // False when `type` is not a 4-byte packed type.
+        Bool StorePackedWordsToClient(const Uint8* srcWords, GLsizei width, GLsizei sliceHeight, GLsizei sliceCount,
+                                      GLenum type, void* pixels, Bool applyPackImageParams);
+    } // namespace ClientReadback
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include <MG_Backend/DirectGLES/DirectGLES.h>
 #include <MG_Backend/DirectGLES/Managers.h>
 #include <MG_Backend/DirectGLES/Utils.h>
+#include <MG_Backend/DirectGLES/SubgroupPolicy.h>
 #include <MG_Util/BackendLoaders/OpenGL/Loader.h>
 #include <MG_Util/Classifiers/TextureEnumClassifier.h>
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/GLToMG/TextureEnumConverter.h>
@@ -32,7 +33,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            return draw == EGL_NO_SURFACE && read == EGL_NO_SURFACE && ctx == EGL_NO_CONTEXT;
        }

-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        // ID-54 / ID-67 (v1, under ID-52/ID-59's grant for this file). Which VIRTUAL (dpy, draw,
        // read, ctx) the process's one native ES context is currently bound FOR, on the apply
        // thread. DirectGLES has one native context and one native surface (g_Context, g_Surface)
@@ -50,14 +50,20 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        // the recorded tuple; only that exact tuple may skip. Process-wide like the native state it
        // mirrors; under split exactly one DirectGLES object exists (the server's), and only the
        // apply thread reaches these.
-        enum class NativeBindState : Uint8 { NotBound, FreshFromSurfaceCreation, BoundForTuple };
+        enum class NativeBindState : Uint8 {
+            NotBound,
+            FreshFromSurfaceCreation,
+            BoundForTuple
+        };
        NativeBindState g_nativeBindState = NativeBindState::NotBound;
        EGLDisplay g_nativeBoundDpy = EGL_NO_DISPLAY;
        EGLSurface g_nativeBoundDraw = EGL_NO_SURFACE;
        EGLSurface g_nativeBoundRead = EGL_NO_SURFACE;
        EGLContext g_nativeBoundCtx = EGL_NO_CONTEXT;

-        void NoteNativeContextGone() { g_nativeBindState = NativeBindState::NotBound; }
+        void NoteNativeContextGone() {
+            g_nativeBindState = NativeBindState::NotBound;
+        }
        void NoteNativeContextFreshFromSurfaceCreation() {
            g_nativeBindState = NativeBindState::FreshFromSurfaceCreation;
        }
@@ -70,15 +76,16 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        }
        Bool NativeBindCanBeSkippedFor(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface draw, EGLSurface read, EGLContext ctx) {
            switch (g_nativeBindState) {
-            case NativeBindState::NotBound: return false;
-            case NativeBindState::FreshFromSurfaceCreation: return true;
+            case NativeBindState::NotBound:
+                return false;
+            case NativeBindState::FreshFromSurfaceCreation:
+                return true;
            case NativeBindState::BoundForTuple:
                return g_nativeBoundDpy == dpy && g_nativeBoundDraw == draw && g_nativeBoundRead == read &&
                       g_nativeBoundCtx == ctx;
            }
            return false;
        }
-#endif

        void ClearGLErrors(const MG_External::GLESFunctionsTable& gl) {
            if (!gl.glGetError) return;
@@ -365,8 +372,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        // for EVERY colour format while GL_MAX_SAMPLES - ES 3.0 core, so genuinely answered -
        // reports 4. Once the frontend validates against this list, that would reject every
        // multisample renderbuffer on such a context.
-        Int GetGLESRenderbufferFormatMaxSamples(const MG_External::GLESCapabilities& capabilities,
-                                                GLenum imageFormat) {
+        Int GetGLESRenderbufferFormatMaxSamples(const MG_External::GLESCapabilities& capabilities, GLenum imageFormat) {
            const Bool isInteger = imageFormat == GL_RED_INTEGER || imageFormat == GL_RG_INTEGER ||
                                   imageFormat == GL_RGB_INTEGER || imageFormat == GL_RGBA_INTEGER;
            return isInteger ? capabilities.MaxIntegerSamples : capabilities.MaxSamples;
@@ -455,6 +461,58 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            return supported;
        }

+        // GL_SAMPLE_POSITION is a property of the multisample framebuffer the driver builds, so it
+        // is asked once per power-of-two sample count, of a throwaway RGBA8 renderbuffer framebuffer,
+        // through the driver's own glGetMultisamplefv (ES 3.1 core). A count the driver rounds up
+        // reports the first positions of the pattern it really uses - the samples gl_SampleID
+        // 0..count-1 address in a shader. Counts that cannot be built are left unset.
+        void ProbeSamplePositions(const MG_External::GLESFunctionsTable& gl,
+                                  const MG_External::GLESCapabilities& capabilities,
+                                  DynamicBackendParameters& dynamicParameters) {
+            const auto& version = capabilities.GLESVersion;
+            if (version.Major < 3 || (version.Major == 3 && version.Minor < 1)) return;
+            if (!gl.glGetMultisamplefv || !gl.glGenFramebuffers || !gl.glBindFramebuffer ||
+                !gl.glFramebufferRenderbuffer || !gl.glCheckFramebufferStatus || !gl.glDeleteFramebuffers ||
+                !gl.glGenRenderbuffers || !gl.glBindRenderbuffer || !gl.glRenderbufferStorageMultisample ||
+                !gl.glDeleteRenderbuffers || !gl.glGetIntegerv) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            GLint prevFramebuffer = 0, prevRenderbuffer = 0;
+            gl.glGetIntegerv(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_BINDING, &prevFramebuffer);
+            gl.glGetIntegerv(GL_RENDERBUFFER_BINDING, &prevRenderbuffer);
+            for (Int samples = 2;
+                 samples <= DynamicBackendParameters::kMaxSamplePositionCount && samples <= capabilities.MaxSamples;
+                 samples *= 2) {
+                GLuint framebuffer = 0, renderbuffer = 0;
+                gl.glGenFramebuffers(1, &framebuffer);
+                gl.glGenRenderbuffers(1, &renderbuffer);
+                gl.glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, renderbuffer);
+                gl.glRenderbufferStorageMultisample(GL_RENDERBUFFER, samples, GL_RGBA8, 4, 4);
+                gl.glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, framebuffer);
+                gl.glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_RENDERBUFFER, renderbuffer);
+                GLint actualSamples = 0;
+                if (gl.glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER) == GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE) {
+                    gl.glGetIntegerv(GL_SAMPLES, &actualSamples);
+                }
+                if (actualSamples >= samples) {
+                    Float positions[2 * DynamicBackendParameters::kMaxSamplePositionCount] = {};
+                    for (Int index = 0; index < samples; ++index) {
+                        gl.glGetMultisamplefv(GL_SAMPLE_POSITION, static_cast<GLuint>(index), &positions[2 * index]);
+                    }
+                    dynamicParameters.SetSamplePositions(samples, positions);
+                }
+                gl.glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, static_cast<GLuint>(prevFramebuffer));
+                gl.glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, static_cast<GLuint>(prevRenderbuffer));
+                gl.glDeleteFramebuffers(1, &framebuffer);
+                gl.glDeleteRenderbuffers(1, &renderbuffer);
+            }
+            // A count the driver refused leaves its error behind; it must not reach the application.
+            if (gl.glGetError) {
+                for (Int drained = 0; drained < 16 && gl.glGetError() != GL_NO_ERROR; ++drained) {}
+            }
+        }
+
        Bool ProbeFramebufferCompletenessForRenderbuffer(const MG_External::GLESFunctionsTable& gl, GLuint renderbuffer,
                                                         TextureInternalFormat format) {
            GLuint framebuffer = 0;
@@ -676,12 +734,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                        const Flags<PixelFormatNormalizeOptionBit> forcedProbeOptions =
                            (outerHasForcedFallback || widenUnconditionally) ? forcedOptions | renderTargetOptions
                                                                             : forcedOptions;
-                        hasForcedFallback =
-                            BuildFallbackProbeFormatInfo(requestedInternalFormat, forcedProbeOptions, true,
-                                                         fallbackInfo);
+                        hasForcedFallback = BuildFallbackProbeFormatInfo(requestedInternalFormat, forcedProbeOptions,
+                                                                         true, fallbackInfo);
                        if (!hasForcedFallback) {
-                            BuildFallbackProbeFormatInfo(requestedInternalFormat,
-                                                         driverOptions | renderTargetOptions, false, fallbackInfo);
+                            BuildFallbackProbeFormatInfo(requestedInternalFormat, driverOptions | renderTargetOptions,
+                                                         false, fallbackInfo);
                        }
                        // HONEST STATUS OF THE FORCED PATH. A forced fallback is only ever built
                        // for ANGLE (GetForcedPixelFormatNormalizeOptions returns nothing for any
@@ -843,7 +900,24 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                AreTimerQueriesSupported(), capabilities.SupportsTextureFilterAnisotropy,
                capabilities.SupportsDrawIndirect,
                capabilities.SupportsDrawIndirect && capabilities.SupportsBaseInstance,
-                capabilities.SupportsTextureView, capabilities.SupportsTextureCubeMapArray);
+                capabilities.SupportsTextureView, capabilities.SupportsTextureCubeMapArray,
+                AdvertisedFeatureSupport{.TessellationShader = capabilities.SupportsTessellationShader,
+                                         .CullDistance = capabilities.MaxCullDistances > 0,
+                                         .ClipControl = capabilities.SupportsClipControl});
+            // Exactly what InitCapabilities forwards into the dynamic parameters: the base
+            // extension and _primitive when the driver has them, _attachment not yet.
+            auto& extensions = MutableRendererInfo().RendererGLInfo.Extensions;
+            if (capabilities.SupportsFragmentShadingRate) {
+                extensions.push_back(E_GL_EXT_fragment_shading_rate);
+                if (capabilities.SupportsFragmentShadingRatePrimitive) {
+                    extensions.push_back(E_GL_EXT_fragment_shading_rate_primitive);
+                }
+            }
+            // Native where the ES driver has subgroups, emulated in the compute stage where it
+            // has none (SubgroupPolicy.h); the dynamic parameters below say which.
+            if (ResolveEsprytSubgroupImplementation(capabilities) != SubgroupImplementation::None) {
+                extensions.push_back(E_GL_KHR_shader_subgroup);
+            }
        }
    } // namespace

@@ -860,7 +934,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {

        Int maxSamples = 0;
        const SizeT formatIndex = static_cast<SizeT>(logicalFormat);
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        // C6 / ID-52: read the ROLE's own cache. Under split that is the server's private backend
        // (ActiveBackendFormatCaps), not pActiveBackendObject, which holds the client's mirror.
        const FormatCapabilityCache* activeCaps = ActiveBackendFormatCaps();
@@ -872,17 +945,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                maxSamples = probedCounts.front();
            }
        }
-#else
-        if (pActiveBackendObject && targetIndex < kFormatCapabilityTargetCount &&
-            formatIndex < kFormatCapabilityFormatCount) {
-            // Descending, so the head is the largest count this device actually allocated.
-            const Vector<Int>& probedCounts =
-                pActiveBackendObject->GetFormatCapabilities().SampleCounts[targetIndex][formatIndex];
-            if (!probedCounts.empty()) {
-                maxSamples = probedCounts.front();
-            }
-        }
-#endif
        if (maxSamples <= 0) {
            maxSamples = GetGLESFormatMaxSamples(g_GLESCapabilities, logicalFormat, imageFormat);
        }
@@ -995,6 +1057,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        // built).
        UpdateAdvertisedCapabilityExtensions(m_GLESCapabilities);
        UpdateDynamicBackendParameters();
+        // The colour-attachment cap the framebuffer family checks is known from here on.
+        DirectGLES::ResolveRecordArmFamilies();
        PopulateFormatCapabilities(m_GLESFunctions, m_GLESCapabilities, MutableFormatCapabilities());
        PrintFormatCapabilities(GetFormatCapabilities());
        return true;
@@ -1085,7 +1149,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            ResetEGLRuntimeState();
        }

-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        // ID-54 / ID-67: as for the window surface - InitPbufferSurface bound natively. The pull
        // arm below is the original statement, byte for byte (G1).
        const Bool created = BackendObject::CreateEGLPbufferSurface(surface, width, height);
@@ -1098,16 +1161,14 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            NoteNativeContextGone();
        }
        return created;
-#else
-        return BackendObject::CreateEGLPbufferSurface(surface, width, height);
-#endif
    }

    Bool BackendObject_DirectGLES::ResizeEGLWindowSurface(EGLSurface surface, Uint32 width, Uint32 height) {
        const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(m_eglStateMutex);
        const auto state = m_eglSurfaces.find(surface);
        const auto native = m_nativeSurfaces.find(surface);
-        if (state == m_eglSurfaces.end() || state->second.Kind != SurfaceKind::Pbuffer || native == m_nativeSurfaces.end()) {
+        if (state == m_eglSurfaces.end() || state->second.Kind != SurfaceKind::Pbuffer ||
+            native == m_nativeSurfaces.end()) {
            return BackendObject::ResizeEGLWindowSurface(surface, width, height);
        }
        // A pbuffer has no resize: the client surface gets a new native pbuffer at the new size,
@@ -1139,9 +1200,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            if (!DirectGLES::ReleaseCurrent()) {
                return false;
            }
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
            NoteNativeContextGone();
-#endif
            return BackendObject::MakeEGLCurrent(dpy, draw, read, ctx);
        }

@@ -1212,9 +1271,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {

        if (!BackendObject::MakeEGLCurrent(dpy, draw, read, ctx)) {
            (void)DirectGLES::ReleaseCurrent();
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
            NoteNativeContextGone();
-#endif
            return false;
        }
        return true;
@@ -1267,9 +1324,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
    void BackendObject_DirectGLES::ReleaseEGLResources() {
        const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(m_eglStateMutex);
        DestroyEGLContext();
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        NoteNativeContextGone();
-#endif
        m_suspendedWindowSurfaces.clear();
        BackendObject::ReleaseEGLResources();
    }
@@ -1295,10 +1350,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            }
            m_suspendedWindowSurfaces.push_back(client);
        }
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        // The native binding moved onto the placeholder: the next make-current binds for real.
        NoteNativeContextGone();
-#endif
        MGLOG_I("DirectGLES: %zu window surface(s) on server window %p now draw into placeholder pbuffers; the "
                "contexts and their objects stay",
                onWindow.size(), window);
@@ -1327,9 +1380,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            if (surface == EGL_NO_SURFACE) return false;
            native->second = surface;
        }
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        NoteNativeContextGone();
-#endif
        MGLOG_I("DirectGLES: %zu suspended window surface(s) rebuilt on server window %p (%ux%u)", suspended.size(),
                window, width, height);
        return true;
@@ -1353,9 +1404,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            // driver dequeues); only the client has to be told.
            const auto native = m_nativeSurfaces.find(client);
            if (native == m_nativeSurfaces.end()) continue;
-            published = DirectGLES::RepublishWindowSurfaceShape(native->second,
-                                                                reinterpret_cast<NativeWindowType>(window)) ||
-                        published;
+            published =
+                DirectGLES::RepublishWindowSurfaceShape(native->second, reinterpret_cast<NativeWindowType>(window)) ||
+                published;
        }
        return published;
    }
@@ -1366,9 +1417,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        // every object the client had built - which a multi-window client hit on its first closed
        // popup.
        (void)surface;
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        NoteNativeContextGone();
-#endif
    }

    void BackendObject_DirectGLES::OnEGLSurfaceForgotten(EGLSurface surface) {
@@ -1400,31 +1449,29 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
    }

    Vector<GLExtension> BuildAdvertisedExtensions(Bool timerQueriesSupported, Bool anisotropicFilteringSupported,
-                                                  Bool drawIndirectSupported,
-                                                  Bool nonZeroIndirectBaseInstanceSupported,
-                                                  Bool textureViewSupported, Bool cubeMapArraySupported) {
+                                                  Bool drawIndirectSupported, Bool nonZeroIndirectBaseInstanceSupported,
+                                                  Bool textureViewSupported, Bool cubeMapArraySupported,
+                                                  const AdvertisedFeatureSupport& features) {
        Vector<GLExtension> extensions = {
            // The version tokens have to reach the version the backend actually claims:
            // TargetGLVersion is {4,6,0}, and a list that stopped at OpenGL40 told an
            // application feature-detecting off these tokens the opposite of what
            // GL_MAJOR_VERSION / GL_MINOR_VERSION told it.
-            V_OpenGL30, V_OpenGL31, V_OpenGL32, V_OpenGL33, V_OpenGL40, V_OpenGL41, V_OpenGL42, V_OpenGL43,
-            V_OpenGL44, V_OpenGL45, V_OpenGL46,
-            E_GL_ARB_draw_buffers_blend,
+            V_OpenGL30, V_OpenGL31, V_OpenGL32, V_OpenGL33, V_OpenGL40, V_OpenGL41, V_OpenGL42, V_OpenGL43, V_OpenGL44,
+            V_OpenGL45, V_OpenGL46, E_GL_ARB_draw_buffers_blend,
            // The GLSL 1.00/1.10-era ARB trio plus NPOT textures: all core since GL 2.0 and
            // trivially true for every context this backend claims (4.6). KWin 6's
            // EglContext::checkSupported() gates desktop-GL compositing on exactly these four
            // strings, so withholding them fails its renderer bring-up on an otherwise capable
            // implementation.
            E_GL_ARB_shader_objects, E_GL_ARB_vertex_shader, E_GL_ARB_fragment_shader,
-            E_GL_ARB_texture_non_power_of_two,
-            E_GL_ARB_compute_shader, E_GL_ARB_shader_storage_buffer_object, E_GL_ARB_shader_image_load_store,
-            E_GL_ARB_clear_buffer_object, E_GL_ARB_program_interface_query, E_GL_ARB_framebuffer_object, E_GL_EXT_framebuffer_object,
-            E_GL_ARB_depth_texture, E_GL_ARB_buffer_storage, E_GL_ARB_texture_storage,
-            E_GL_ARB_texture_storage_multisample, E_GL_ARB_clear_texture, E_GL_ARB_direct_state_access,
-            E_GL_ARB_multi_draw_indirect, E_GL_ARB_indirect_parameters, E_GL_ARB_shader_draw_parameters,
-            E_GL_ARB_gpu_shader5, E_GL_ARB_multi_bind, E_GL_ARB_shading_language_420pack,
-            E_GL_ARB_vertex_attrib_binding,
+            E_GL_ARB_texture_non_power_of_two, E_GL_ARB_compute_shader, E_GL_ARB_shader_storage_buffer_object,
+            E_GL_ARB_shader_image_load_store, E_GL_ARB_clear_buffer_object, E_GL_ARB_program_interface_query,
+            E_GL_ARB_framebuffer_object, E_GL_EXT_framebuffer_object, E_GL_ARB_depth_texture, E_GL_ARB_buffer_storage,
+            E_GL_ARB_texture_storage, E_GL_ARB_texture_storage_multisample, E_GL_ARB_clear_texture,
+            E_GL_ARB_direct_state_access, E_GL_ARB_multi_draw_indirect, E_GL_ARB_indirect_parameters,
+            E_GL_ARB_shader_draw_parameters, E_GL_ARB_gpu_shader5, E_GL_ARB_multi_bind,
+            E_GL_ARB_shading_language_420pack, E_GL_ARB_vertex_attrib_binding,
            // Both are core from GL 3.2/3.3 on and implemented here for
            // every advertised version, but an app targeting 3.0/3.1
            // only reaches them through the extension string - the CTS
@@ -1513,10 +1560,42 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            // glDepthRangeArrayv / glDepthRangeIndexed / glGetFloati_v / glGetDoublei_v, over the
            // 16 viewports GL_MAX_VIEWPORTS reports and the per-viewport routing emulation.
            E_GL_ARB_viewport_array,
+            // Core in the 4.x versions this backend already claims, and named so a context of an
+            // older requested version reaches the same, already-implemented surface (the conformance
+            // suite gates its GL 3.x runs of these on the string alone):
+            //  - transform feedback objects, pause/resume and glDrawTransformFeedback (4.0);
+            E_GL_ARB_transform_feedback2,
+            //  - multiple capture buffers per stream, gl_SkipComponents / gl_NextBuffer, the
+            //    indexed queries and glDrawTransformFeedbackStream (4.0);
+            E_GL_ARB_transform_feedback3,
+            //  - GL_RGB10_A2UI (3.3), GL_RGB9_E5 (3.0) and the integer colour formats (3.0);
+            E_GL_ARB_texture_rgb10_a2ui, E_GL_EXT_texture_shared_exponent, E_GL_EXT_texture_integer,
+            //  - the eleven pipeline-statistics query targets (4.6). Accepted by glBeginQuery and
+            //    answered with GL_QUERY_COUNTER_BITS = 0, the spec's own "this counter is not
+            //    instrumented" signal (see IsPipelineStatisticsQueryTarget in GL_Query.cpp);
+            E_GL_ARB_pipeline_statistics_query,
+            //  - mix() over integer and boolean vectors in GLSL below 4.50. The frontend compiles it
+            //    to OpSelect, which the backend prints back as a core boolean mix.
+            E_GL_EXT_shader_integer_mix,
            // Advertised with GL_NUM_PROGRAM_BINARY_FORMATS = 0, which the
            // extension explicitly permits. It is also the only thing that
            // exposes glProgramParameteri before GL 4.1.
            E_GL_ARB_get_program_binary};
+        // Tessellation is core from GL 4.0, but on the host it is ES 3.2 or
+        // GL_EXT_tessellation_shader, so the string follows the driver. GL_Query also reads it to
+        // open the two tessellation pipeline-statistics targets.
+        if (features.TessellationShader) {
+            extensions.push_back(E_GL_ARB_tessellation_shader);
+        }
+        // gl_CullDistance goes through GL_EXT_clip_cull_distance, whose cull half the loader only
+        // reports where the driver answers a non-zero GL_MAX_CULL_DISTANCES.
+        if (features.CullDistance) {
+            extensions.push_back(E_GL_ARB_cull_distance);
+        }
+        // glClipControl is forwarded to the driver's glClipControlEXT.
+        if (features.ClipControl) {
+            extensions.push_back(E_GL_ARB_clip_control);
+        }
        // Minecraft 26.3 checks this prerequisite before it even considers
        // GL_ARB_multi_draw_indirect. ES 3.1 supplies both single-draw entry points; the loader
        // folds the version and pointer checks into SupportsDrawIndirect.
@@ -1633,7 +1712,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            funcsTable.GL.DrawElements = DrawElements;
            funcsTable.GL.DrawElementsBaseVertex = DrawElementsBaseVertex;
            funcsTable.GL.MultiDrawArrays = MultiDrawArrays;
-            funcsTable.GL.MultiDrawElements = MultiDrawElements;
            funcsTable.GL.MultiDrawElementsBaseVertex = MultiDrawElementsBaseVertex;
            funcsTable.GL.MultiDrawElementsIndirect = MultiDrawElementsIndirect;
            funcsTable.GL.MultiDrawElementsIndirectCount = MultiDrawElementsIndirectCount;
@@ -1661,18 +1739,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            funcsTable.GL.ClearBufferfv = ClearBufferfv;
            funcsTable.GL.ClearBufferuiv = ClearBufferuiv;
            funcsTable.GL.ClearBufferiv = ClearBufferiv;
-            funcsTable.GL.ClearNamedFramebufferfv = ClearNamedFramebufferfv;
-            funcsTable.GL.ClearNamedFramebufferiv = ClearNamedFramebufferiv;
-            funcsTable.GL.ClearNamedFramebufferuiv = ClearNamedFramebufferuiv;
-            funcsTable.GL.ClearNamedFramebufferfi = ClearNamedFramebufferfi;
            funcsTable.GL.BlitFramebuffer = BlitFramebuffer;
-            funcsTable.GL.BlitNamedFramebuffer = BlitNamedFramebuffer;
            funcsTable.GL.CopyTexImage2D = CopyTexImage2D;
            funcsTable.GL.CopyTexSubImage2D = CopyTexSubImage2D;
            funcsTable.GL.CopyImageSubData = CopyImageSubData;
            funcsTable.GL.GenerateMipmap = GenerateMipmap;
            funcsTable.GL.ReadPixels = ReadPixels;
-            funcsTable.GL.GetTexImage = GetTexImage;
            funcsTable.GL.FenceSync = FenceSync;
            funcsTable.GL.ClientWaitSync = ClientWaitSync;
            funcsTable.GL.WaitSync = WaitSync;
@@ -1739,8 +1811,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {

    void BackendObject_DirectGLES::UpdateDynamicBackendParameters() {
        m_dynamicParameters.UniformBufferOffsetAlignment = m_GLESCapabilities.UniformBufferOffsetAlignment;
-        m_dynamicParameters.ShaderStorageBufferOffsetAlignment =
-            m_GLESCapabilities.ShaderStorageBufferOffsetAlignment;
+        m_dynamicParameters.ShaderStorageBufferOffsetAlignment = m_GLESCapabilities.ShaderStorageBufferOffsetAlignment;
        m_dynamicParameters.MaxTextureMaxAnisotropy = m_GLESCapabilities.MaxTextureMaxAnisotropy;
        m_dynamicParameters.AliasedLineWidthRangeMin = m_GLESCapabilities.AliasedLineWidthRangeMin;
        m_dynamicParameters.AliasedLineWidthRangeMax = m_GLESCapabilities.AliasedLineWidthRangeMax;
@@ -1846,6 +1917,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                             m_dynamicParameters.MaxCombinedImageUniforms});
        };
        m_dynamicParameters.MaxVertexImageUniforms = clampStageImageUniforms(m_GLESCapabilities.MaxVertexImageUniforms);
+        m_dynamicParameters.MaxTessControlImageUniforms =
+            clampStageImageUniforms(m_GLESCapabilities.MaxTessControlImageUniforms);
+        m_dynamicParameters.MaxTessEvaluationImageUniforms =
+            clampStageImageUniforms(m_GLESCapabilities.MaxTessEvaluationImageUniforms);
        m_dynamicParameters.MaxGeometryImageUniforms =
            clampStageImageUniforms(m_GLESCapabilities.MaxGeometryImageUniforms);
        m_dynamicParameters.MaxFragmentImageUniforms =
@@ -1854,6 +1929,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            clampStageImageUniforms(m_GLESCapabilities.MaxComputeImageUniforms);
        m_dynamicParameters.SupportsDistinctDepthStencilAttachments =
            ProbeDistinctDepthStencilAttachments(DirectGLES::g_GLESFuncs);
+        ProbeSamplePositions(DirectGLES::g_GLESFuncs, m_GLESCapabilities, m_dynamicParameters);
        // SyncAttachmentObject routes a layered upload target to glFramebufferTextureLayer with the
        // attachment's layer passed through, so this backend really does render to the layer it was
        // given - provided the driver resolved the entry point at all.
@@ -1881,6 +1957,16 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        // mathematically mandatory here, on every device, forever - which is why this stays false
        // regardless of what the driver underneath happens to support.
        m_dynamicParameters.SupportsShaderFloat64 = false;
+        {
+            const EsprytSubgroupParameters subgroups = ResolveEsprytSubgroupParameters(m_GLESCapabilities);
+            m_dynamicParameters.SubgroupSize = subgroups.size;
+            m_dynamicParameters.SubgroupSupportedStages = subgroups.stages;
+            m_dynamicParameters.SubgroupSupportedFeatures = subgroups.features;
+            m_dynamicParameters.SubgroupQuadOperationsInAllStages = subgroups.quadInAllStages;
+            MGLOG_I("DirectGLES: GL_KHR_shader_subgroup %s (size %u, stages 0x%x, features 0x%x)",
+                    SubgroupImplementationName(ResolveEsprytSubgroupImplementation(m_GLESCapabilities)), subgroups.size,
+                    subgroups.stages, subgroups.features);
+        }
        // Follows the line above, and must: OpenGL ES has no double-precision vertex format and no
        // fp64 type to consume one with, so a 64-bit vertex attribute has nowhere to land here.
        m_dynamicParameters.SupportsFloat64VertexAttributes = false;
@@ -1893,11 +1979,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        // exercised on a healthy driver (the pinned integration lane); =0 restores the
        // detected answer's declines.
        m_dynamicParameters.SupportsTessellationPointSize =
-            m_GLESCapabilities.TessellationPointSizeSupport !=
-            MG_External::GLESCapabilities::PointSizeTier::None;
+            m_GLESCapabilities.TessellationPointSizeSupport != MG_External::GLESCapabilities::PointSizeTier::None;
        m_dynamicParameters.SupportsGeometryPointSize =
-            m_GLESCapabilities.GeometryPointSizeSupport !=
-            MG_External::GLESCapabilities::PointSizeTier::None;
+            m_GLESCapabilities.GeometryPointSizeSupport != MG_External::GLESCapabilities::PointSizeTier::None;
        switch (MG_Config::Features.PointSizeDemotion) {
        case MG_Config::QuirkOverride::ForceOn:
            MGLOG_I("DirectGLES: MOBILEGL_POINT_SIZE_DEMOTION=1 - treating tessellation/geometry "
@@ -1930,6 +2014,25 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        // describe behaviour this backend does not implement.
        m_dynamicParameters.LayerProvokingVertex = m_GLESCapabilities.LayerProvokingVertex;
        m_dynamicParameters.ViewportIndexProvokingVertex = m_GLESCapabilities.ViewportIndexProvokingVertex;
+        // GL_EXT_fragment_shading_rate is a straight pass-through: the pipeline rate and the
+        // combiner ops are forwarded per draw (SyncRenderState), gl_ShadingRateEXT and
+        // gl_PrimitiveShadingRateEXT are emitted into the ESSL as the driver's own built-ins, and
+        // the device answers every query. The attachment is not forwarded yet, so it is not
+        // claimed, whatever the driver offers.
+        m_dynamicParameters.SupportsFragmentShadingRate = m_GLESCapabilities.SupportsFragmentShadingRate;
+        m_dynamicParameters.SupportsPrimitiveFragmentShadingRate =
+            m_GLESCapabilities.SupportsFragmentShadingRatePrimitive;
+        m_dynamicParameters.SupportsAttachmentFragmentShadingRate = false;
+        m_dynamicParameters.FragmentShadingRateNonTrivialCombiners =
+            m_GLESCapabilities.FragmentShadingRateNonTrivialCombiners;
+        m_dynamicParameters.FragmentShadingRateWithShaderDepthStencilWrites =
+            m_GLESCapabilities.FragmentShadingRateWithShaderDepthStencilWrites;
+        m_dynamicParameters.FragmentShadingRateWithSampleMask = m_GLESCapabilities.FragmentShadingRateWithSampleMask;
+        m_dynamicParameters.FragmentShadingRatePrimitiveWithMultiViewport =
+            m_GLESCapabilities.FragmentShadingRatePrimitiveWithMultiViewport;
+        for (SizeT i = 0; i < std::size(m_dynamicParameters.FragmentShadingRateMasks); ++i) {
+            m_dynamicParameters.FragmentShadingRateMasks[i] = m_GLESCapabilities.FragmentShadingRateMasks[i];
+        }
        m_dynamicParameters.MaxViewportWidth = m_GLESCapabilities.MaxViewportWidth;
        m_dynamicParameters.MaxViewportHeight = m_GLESCapabilities.MaxViewportHeight;
        m_dynamicParameters.ViewportBoundsRangeMin = m_GLESCapabilities.ViewportBoundsRangeMin;
@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
    // Populates the same format-capability cache used by backend startup. The caller
    // must keep the supplied GLES context current for the duration of this call.
    void PopulateFormatCapabilities(const MG_External::GLESFunctionsTable& gl,
-                                    const MG_External::GLESCapabilities& capabilities,
-                                    FormatCapabilityCache& cache);
+                                    const MG_External::GLESCapabilities& capabilities, FormatCapabilityCache& cache);

    // Clamps a requested sample count down to what the ES driver can really deliver for this
    // format on this format-capability target: the probed per-format list when there is one, the
@@ -28,10 +27,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
    Int ClampSamplesToBackendSupport(SizeT targetIndex, TextureInternalFormat logicalFormat, GLenum imageFormat,
                                     Int samples);

-    class BackendObject_DirectGLES : public BackendObject {
+    class BackendObject_DirectGLES : public BackendObject, public ServerHooks {
    public:
        ~BackendObject_DirectGLES() override;

+        ServerHooks* AsServer() override { return this; }
+
        // The driver's verdict on this session's context (DirectGLES::LatchIfDeviceLost).
        Bool LatchIfGpuFaulted() override;
        void Initialize() override;
@@ -114,12 +115,13 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {

    // The full OpenGL extension list Espryt advertises (glGetString(GL_EXTENSIONS))
    // for a device whose timer queries / anisotropic filtering / native indirect draws /
-    // non-zero indirect baseInstance semantics / EXT-OES texture views are (or are not) usable.
-    // The MOBILEGL_DISABLE_TIMERQUERY escape hatch is applied inside.
+    // non-zero indirect baseInstance semantics / EXT-OES texture views are (or are not) usable,
+    // plus the feature set in `features`. The MOBILEGL_DISABLE_TIMERQUERY escape hatch is applied
+    // inside.
    Vector<GLExtension> BuildAdvertisedExtensions(Bool timerQueriesSupported, Bool anisotropicFilteringSupported,
-                                                  Bool drawIndirectSupported,
-                                                  Bool nonZeroIndirectBaseInstanceSupported,
-                                                  Bool textureViewSupported, Bool cubeMapArraySupported);
+                                                  Bool drawIndirectSupported, Bool nonZeroIndirectBaseInstanceSupported,
+                                                  Bool textureViewSupported, Bool cubeMapArraySupported,
+                                                  const AdvertisedFeatureSupport& features = {});

    // Format: <OpenGL ES Renderer>, OpenGL ES <Major>.<Minor> — the exact string an
    // initialized backend returns from GetBackendAPIVersionString (and that ends up
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/ContextEpoch.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
 // MobileGL - DirectGLES context-owned static state identities (P5f fs).
 #pragma once

@@ -19,5 +27,5 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        const Bool server = MG_Config::Transport != MG_Config::TransportMode::Monolith;
        return {g_backendContextGeneration, server ? MG_Pipe::MGPipeApplierContextSerial() : 0, server};
    }
-}
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES
 #endif
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
    Bool ReadTextureLevelTight(GLuint texture, TextureTarget target, TextureUploadTarget uploadTarget,
                               TextureInternalFormat logicalFormat, GLint level, const IntVec3& logicalExtent,
                               Bool sourceUsesImageCarrier, GLenum format, GLenum type, Vector<Uint8>& bytes);
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
    Bool ReadTextureImageWire(const MG_Pipe::MGPReadbackInfo& info, Vector<Uint8>& bytes);
    // Whether the NATIVE texture currently holds `level` of `uploadTarget` at `logicalExtent`
    // (glGetTexLevelParameteriv). False for a level the driver never allocated - one defined after
@@ -38,7 +37,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
    // refuses answers true, keeping the caller on its readback path.
    Bool NativeTextureLevelHasExtent(GLuint texture, TextureTarget target, TextureUploadTarget uploadTarget,
                                     GLint level, const IntVec3& logicalExtent);
-#endif
    void ClearBufferfi(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, GLfloat depth, GLint stencil);
    void ClearBufferfv(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLfloat* value);
    void ClearBufferuiv(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLuint* value);
@@ -48,8 +46,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
    void DrawArrays(GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count);
    void DrawElementsBaseVertex(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const GLvoid* indices, GLint basevertex);
    void MultiDrawArrays(GLenum mode, const GLint* first, const GLsizei* count, GLsizei drawcount);
-    void MultiDrawElements(GLenum mode, const GLsizei* count, GLenum type, const GLvoid* const* indices,
-                           GLsizei drawcount);
    void MultiDrawElementsBaseVertex(GLenum mode, const GLsizei* count, GLenum type, const GLvoid* const* indices,
                                     GLsizei drawcount, const GLint* basevertex);
    void MultiDrawElementsIndirect(GLenum mode, GLenum type, const void* indirect, GLsizei drawcount, GLsizei stride);
@@ -73,34 +69,18 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                                         GLuint baseinstance);
    void DrawArraysInstanced(GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count, GLsizei instancecount);
    void DrawArraysIndirect(GLenum mode, const void* indirect);
-    void ClearNamedFramebufferfv(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& framebuffer,
-                                 GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLfloat* value);
-    void ClearNamedFramebufferfi(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& framebuffer,
-                                 GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, GLfloat depth, GLint stencil);
-    void ClearNamedFramebufferiv(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& framebuffer,
-                                 GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLint* value);
-    void ClearNamedFramebufferuiv(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& framebuffer,
-                                  GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLuint* value);
    void BlitFramebuffer(GLint srcX0, GLint srcY0, GLint srcX1, GLint srcY1, GLint dstX0, GLint dstY0, GLint dstX1,
                         GLint dstY1, GLbitfield mask, GLenum filter);
-    void BlitNamedFramebuffer(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& readFramebuffer,
-                              const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& drawFramebuffer,
-                              GLint srcX0, GLint srcY0, GLint srcX1, GLint srcY1,
-                              GLint dstX0, GLint dstY0, GLint dstX1, GLint dstY1,
-                              GLbitfield mask, GLenum filter);
    void CopyTexImage2D(GLenum target, GLint level, GLenum internalformat, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width,
                        GLsizei height, GLint border);
    void CopyTexSubImage2D(GLenum target, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width,
                           GLsizei height);
-    void CopyImageSubData(const CopyImageEndpoint& src,
-                          GLenum srcTarget, GLint srcLevel, GLint srcX, GLint srcY, GLint srcZ,
-                          const CopyImageEndpoint& dst,
-                          GLenum dstTarget, GLint dstLevel, GLint dstX, GLint dstY, GLint dstZ,
-                          GLsizei srcWidth, GLsizei srcHeight, GLsizei srcDepth);
+    void CopyImageSubData(const CopyImageEndpoint& src, GLenum srcTarget, GLint srcLevel, GLint srcX, GLint srcY,
+                          GLint srcZ, const CopyImageEndpoint& dst, GLenum dstTarget, GLint dstLevel, GLint dstX,
+                          GLint dstY, GLint dstZ, GLsizei srcWidth, GLsizei srcHeight, GLsizei srcDepth);
    void GenerateMipmap(GLenum target);
    const GLubyte* GetString(GLenum name);
    void ReadPixels(GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLenum format, GLenum type, void* pixels);
-    void GetTexImage(GLenum target, GLint level, GLenum format, GLenum type, GLvoid* pixels);
    void DispatchCompute(GLuint numGroupsX, GLuint numGroupsY, GLuint numGroupsZ);
    void DispatchComputeIndirect(GLintptr indirect);
    void MemoryBarrier(GLbitfield barriers);
@@ -170,7 +150,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
    // `debugKnob` false: the knob is not consulted here (the on-screen Present, so an injected loss
    // lands on an offscreen client's shared-image present or readback, never on the compositor's).
    Bool LatchIfDeviceLost(const char* site, Bool debugKnob = true);
-    // The apply loop's form of it (BackendObject::LatchIfGpuFaulted), asked each time the apply thread
+    // The apply loop's form of it (ServerHooks::LatchIfGpuFaulted), asked each time the apply thread
    // wakes: the driver's report only, no debug knob, and no EGL ground-truth verification spent.
    Bool LatchIfGuiltyBeforeApply();
 #endif
@@ -284,7 +264,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
    using NativeContextKeyResolver = Bool (*)(Uint64* outSessionKey, Uint64* outContextToken);
    void SetNativeContextKeyResolver(NativeContextKeyResolver resolver);

-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // P14 S6 (docs/Disaggregated/design/11-state-ownership.md): THE TWIN TABLES' KEY, AND ITS
    // SHAPE IS S4's, ONE LEVEL DOWN. A twin is a DRIVER object, so it lives in one native
@@ -310,8 +289,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        SizeT operator()(const TwinKey& key) const {
            // The 64-bit mix SlotAllocator and the applier's registry already use for their own
            // pair keys, so every keyed table in this tree hashes a session the same way.
-            Uint64 mixed = key.SessionKey ^ (key.ShareGroupKey + 0x9E3779B97F4A7C15ull +
-                                             (key.SessionKey << 6) + (key.SessionKey >> 2));
+            Uint64 mixed = key.SessionKey ^
+                           (key.ShareGroupKey + 0x9E3779B97F4A7C15ull + (key.SessionKey << 6) + (key.SessionKey >> 2));
            mixed ^= mixed >> 33;
            mixed *= 0xFF51AFD7ED558CCDull;
            mixed ^= mixed >> 33;
@@ -323,7 +302,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
    // The calling thread's key. Answers false for {0, 0} - the process-wide group - which is
    // also the answer when no probe has ever been installed.
    Bool CurrentTwinKey(TwinKey* outKey);
-#endif

    // Builds the native context for `contextToken` under the calling thread's session. A
    // `shareGroupToken` whose group already has a live native context in this session hands that
@@ -347,7 +325,26 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
    // The calling thread's current native context as a lifetime serial: assigned when the context
    // is created and never reused (a recycled EGLContext address is a new serial). 0 when none was
    // made current through MakeCurrent.
-    Uint64 CurrentNativeContextSerial();
+    //
+    // P15: it lives in one constant-initialized thread_local with the PerNativeContext lookup
+    // cache below, so the draw path's "this context's entry" question is one TLS address
+    // computation, not two calls each paying their own.
+    struct NativeContextThreadState {
+        struct CacheEntry {
+            const void* Owner = nullptr;
+            Uint64 Serial = 0;
+            Uint64 Epoch = 0;
+            void* Entry = nullptr;
+        };
+        static constexpr Uint32 kCacheEntries = 8;
+        Uint64 BoundSerial = 0;
+        // One entry per PerNativeContext instance slot (instances sharing a slot evict each other).
+        CacheEntry Cache[kCacheEntries]{};
+    };
+    inline constinit thread_local NativeContextThreadState t_nativeContextThread;
+    inline Uint64 CurrentNativeContextSerial() {
+        return t_nativeContextThread.BoundSerial;
+    }

    class PerNativeContextBase {
    public:
@@ -360,6 +357,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {

    protected:
        ~PerNativeContextBase();
+        // This instance's entry in NativeContextThreadState::Cache.
+        const Uint32 m_cacheSlot;
    };

    // Called where a native context is destroyed.
@@ -374,12 +373,16 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
    class PerNativeContext final : public PerNativeContextBase {
    public:
        T& Current() {
-            const Uint64 serial = CurrentNativeContextSerial();
+            NativeContextThreadState& thread = t_nativeContextThread;
+            const Uint64 serial = thread.BoundSerial;
            // The draw path asks for the same entry over and over from one thread: a one-entry
-            // thread-local cache, invalidated by any drop anywhere (rare).
-            thread_local CurrentCache cache;
+            // thread-local cache per instance, invalidated by any drop anywhere (rare) and by an
+            // instance's destruction (so a later instance at the same address cannot hit).
+            NativeContextThreadState::CacheEntry& cache = thread.Cache[m_cacheSlot];
            const Uint64 epoch = PerNativeContextEpoch();
-            if (cache.Owner == this && cache.Serial == serial && cache.Epoch == epoch) return *cache.Entry;
+            if (cache.Owner == this && cache.Serial == serial && cache.Epoch == epoch) {
+                return *static_cast<T*>(cache.Entry);
+            }
            const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
            T& entry = m_bySerial[serial]; // node-based: the reference survives other contexts' inserts
            cache = {this, serial, epoch, &entry};
@@ -388,7 +391,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        template <typename F>
        void ForEach(F&& visit) {
            const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-            for (auto& entry : m_bySerial) visit(entry.second);
+            for (auto& entry : m_bySerial)
+                visit(entry.second);
        }
        void Clear() {
            const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
@@ -402,12 +406,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        }

    private:
-        struct CurrentCache {
-            const PerNativeContext* Owner = nullptr;
-            Uint64 Serial = 0;
-            Uint64 Epoch = 0;
-            T* Entry = nullptr;
-        };
        std::mutex m_mutex;
        std::unordered_map<Uint64, T> m_bySerial;
    };
@@ -434,12 +432,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
    // native context already current on this thread IS that one - so the single-context world pays
    // nothing for it. Called from the bind_context path on the apply thread.
    Bool MakeNativeContextCurrentForBoundToken();
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
    // P14: the server's backend turn moved to the calling apply thread (ServerLoop.cpp's
    // BackendTurnLock). Takes the backend's GL ownership for this thread and drops every
    // binding shadow, which still describes the previous holder's native context.
    void OnBackendTurnHandoff();
-#endif
    // How many native contexts this process holds, and how many of them belong to one session. The
    // test observables for "a second context did not tear the first one down".
    Uint64 NativeContextCount();
@@ -520,7 +516,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
    } // namespace RenderStateImpl

 #if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
-    // ---- SHARED IMAGES (docs/Disaggregated/notes/anland/plan-ahb-dmabuf.md) ----
+    // ---- SHARED IMAGES (docs/archive/notes/anland/plan-ahb-dmabuf.md) ----
    //
    // A shared image reaches the driver only through the Android import path: its AHardwareBuffer
    // becomes an EGLImage (EGL_ANDROID_get_native_client_buffer + EGL_ANDROID_image_native_buffer)
@@ -540,7 +536,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        // glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES(GL_TEXTURE_2D, image) on what the active unit has bound to
        // GL_TEXTURE_2D. False when the driver refused it (its GL error is consumed).
        Bool TargetBoundTexture2D(const EglImageRef& image);
-        // BackendObject::BlitDefaultFramebufferToSharedImage, for the calling thread's context.
+        // ServerHooks::BlitDefaultFramebufferToSharedImage, for the calling thread's context.
        Bool BlitDefaultFramebufferTo(const SharedImageView& image, const MG_Util::Damage::Region& region);

        // THE READER'S HALF of the image's sync state (SharedImageRegistry.h). Called on every use
@@ -560,12 +556,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        // at Present and wherever the current native context stops being current (its reads can
        // only be fenced from it). Nothing noted = nothing done.
        void PublishPendingReads();
-        // IMPLICIT SYNC BY FLUSH (BackendObject::PublishSharedImageAccesses): everything the
+        // IMPLICIT SYNC BY FLUSH (ServerHooks::PublishSharedImageAccesses): everything the
        // calling session used since its last boundary is published as written and read by one
        // fence, and the session's first use of an image in each frame from now on also waits for
        // the image's pending reads.
        Bool PublishPendingAccesses();
-        // EGL_ANDROID_native_fence_sync's fence command (BackendObject::ExportNativeFence): a
+        // EGL_ANDROID_native_fence_sync's fence command (ServerHooks::ExportNativeFence): a
        // sync_file of everything the current context submitted in `*fence` (-1: none, and the work
        // is waited out here), and - for a session that writes images - the boundary
        // PublishPendingAccesses makes.
@@ -0,0 +1,707 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/DirectGLESBuffers.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#include "DirectGLESInternal.h"
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
+    namespace BufferImpl {
+        // See Managers.h for why these two are named functions over the applier state and
+        // nothing else.
+        Uint ResolveDrawVertexBuffersFromRecord(const MG_Pipe::MGPipeApplierState& st, DrawVertexBufferRequest* out,
+                                                Uint capacity) {
+            Uint count = 0;
+            const Uint32 begin = st.VertexBufferStart;
+            const Uint32 end = begin + st.VertexBufferCount;
+            for (Uint32 i = begin; i < end && i < MG_Pipe::kMGPipeMaxVertexAttribs; ++i) {
+                const MG_Pipe::MGPVertexBuffer& binding = st.VertexBuffers[i];
+                if (MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(binding.Res)) continue;
+
+                // A {slot, gen} compare, not a raw address compare: an address a successor
+                // object can reproduce is the identity hazard this phase exists to remove.
+                Bool alreadySeen = false;
+                for (Uint j = 0; j < count; ++j) {
+                    if (out[j].Res == binding.Res) {
+                        alreadySeen = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (alreadySeen) continue;
+                if (count >= capacity) {
+                    MGLOG_E_ONCE("MGPipe: the vertex-buffer window named more distinct buffers than "
+                                 "a draw can hold (%u); the tail is dropped",
+                                 capacity);
+                    break;
+                }
+                out[count].Res = binding.Res;
+                out[count].BindingIndex = binding.BindingIndex;
+                ++count;
+            }
+            return count;
+        }
+
+        DrawIndexBufferRequest ResolveDrawIndexBufferFromRecord(const MG_Pipe::MGPipeApplierState& st) {
+            DrawIndexBufferRequest request;
+            request.Res = st.IndexBuffer.Res;
+            request.Serial = st.IndexBufferSerial;
+            return request;
+        }
+
+        // True from a draw or dispatch that ran with a storage buffer bound until the next
+        // barrier that orders storage-buffer writes. Every bound storage point counts as written,
+        // the client's own conservative set (see serverGpuWritten below).
+        //
+        // WHAT IT IS FOR: two dispatches with no barrier between them that write DIFFERENT
+        // components of one vector in the same storage buffer. GL leaves the two unordered, which
+        // allows them to run concurrently, but every write still lands - they are separate memory
+        // locations. A driver that stores a vector component as a read-modify-write of the whole
+        // vector loses one of them instead: KHR-GL43.shader_storage_buffer_object.
+        // advanced-switchBuffers-cs writes digest.x .. digest.w of one uvec4 from four
+        // back-to-back dispatches and read back a zero component in 8 runs of 20 on Adreno (0 of
+        // 20 with a storage barrier between the dispatches, 0 of 20 with uint[4]). The fix is the
+        // barrier the application did not owe: PrepareForCompute issues it when the previous
+        // shader work may have written a storage buffer and nothing ordered those writes since.
+        //
+        // Compute only. A dispatch that follows a dispatch is the shape the test has and the one
+        // a driver may overlap; draws keep their own ordering and are not taxed, they only SET
+        // the flag here - one store in the walk that already visits every bound point.
+        Bool g_shaderStorageWritesUnordered = false;
+
+        // The record arm of SyncBufferBindingPoints. Same shape, same order, same branches; the
+        // four frontend reads become the applier's window and a handle per entry.
+        //
+        // WHAT THE WINDOW IS: ShaderBufferCount[class] starting at ShaderBufferStart[class],
+        // which is the client's touched high-water mark clamped to the 84 the wire carries
+        // (ruling 10). It is NOT clamped on the client to the device's ceiling, so the ES clamp
+        // below stays exactly where it was - a client reading GL_MAX_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BINDINGS
+        // would be answering a driver question from the wrong side of the wire.
+        //
+        // WHOLE-VS-RANGE IS `Offset == 0 && Size == kMGPipeWholeBuffer` and obj->GetSize()
+        // disappears from this function: a base binding does not freeze an extent, the client
+        // deliberately does not resolve one, and the re-resolution happens HERE against the
+        // server's own storage - which is what makes a glBufferData issued between the emission
+        // and this apply bind the NEW extent, as GL does.
+        void SyncBufferBindingPointsByRecord(Uint32 shaderBufferClass, GLenum glTarget) {
+#ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
+            ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
+#endif
+            const MG_Pipe::MGPipeApplierState& st = MG_Pipe::MGPipeApplier();
+            const Uint32 start = st.ShaderBufferStart[shaderBufferClass];
+            SizeT end = static_cast<SizeT>(start) + st.ShaderBufferCount[shaderBufferClass];
+            // ...and never past what the ES driver itself can hold, exactly as the frontend
+            // walk does and for the same reason recorded there.
+            if (glTarget == GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER && g_GLESCapabilities.MaxUniformBufferBindings > 0) {
+                end = std::min(end, static_cast<SizeT>(g_GLESCapabilities.MaxUniformBufferBindings));
+            }
+            for (SizeT i = start; i < end; ++i) {
+                const MG_Pipe::MGPBufferRange& entry = st.BoundShaderBuffers[shaderBufferClass][i];
+                if (MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(entry.Res)) {
+                    BindBufferBaseCached(glTarget, static_cast<GLuint>(i), 0);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                auto* backendResource = EnsureBufferResourceForHandle(nullptr, entry.Res);
+                if (!backendResource || backendResource->id == 0) {
+                    MGLOG_E_ONCE("No backend buffer found for %s binding point %zu (handle {%u, %u}).",
+                                 MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(glTarget).c_str(), i, entry.Res.Slot, entry.Res.Gen);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                // P8-C: the SERVER's half of the mark MarkShaderStorageBuffersGpuWritten no longer
+                // makes under a transport - on this side's twin, for this side's CPU readers
+                // (SplitHostBytesForCpuRead). Every bound storage point, which is the client's
+                // own conservative set (ShaderBufferEmit.h marks every one writable); a uniform
+                // point is read-only by definition.
+                if (shaderBufferClass != MG_Pipe::kMGPipeShaderBufferClassUniform) {
+                    backendResource->serverGpuWritten = true;
+                    g_shaderStorageWritesUnordered = true;
+                }
+                const auto backendBufferId = backendResource->id;
+                if (entry.Offset == 0 && entry.Size == MG_Pipe::kMGPipeWholeBuffer) {
+                    BindBufferBaseCached(glTarget, static_cast<GLuint>(i), backendBufferId);
+                } else {
+                    // CLAMPED AGAINST THE SERVER's OWN STORAGE, which is what the frontend walk
+                    // clamped against obj->GetSize() for: a range that outruns the storage is a
+                    // GL_INVALID_VALUE the driver would raise on a bind the application already
+                    // made legally against a buffer that has since shrunk.
+                    const SizeT storage = backendResource->storageSize;
+                    const SizeT rangeStart = std::min<SizeT>(static_cast<SizeT>(entry.Offset), storage);
+                    const SizeT rangeEnd = std::min<SizeT>(static_cast<SizeT>(entry.Offset + entry.Size), storage);
+                    BindBufferRangeCached(glTarget, static_cast<GLuint>(i), backendBufferId,
+                                          static_cast<GLintptr>(rangeStart),
+                                          static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(rangeEnd - rangeStart));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        void SyncAtomicCounterBuffers(const Vector<Int>& glBindings, Int esslBindingTop) {
+#ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
+            ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
+#endif
+            // P5e (sb, §5.6): THE RECORD ARM. `glBindings` stays the backend program's own list
+            // - it is server-owned since the link and names which GL counter bindings THIS
+            // program declares - and only the points themselves move sides. The bound is the
+            // applier's window instead of GetBufferBindingPointCount's sticky forward, which is
+            // the row this site was the Espryt reader of.
+            const MG_Pipe::MGPipeApplierState& st = MG_Pipe::MGPipeApplier();
+            const Uint32 windowStart = st.ShaderBufferStart[MG_Pipe::kMGPipeShaderBufferClassAtomicCounter];
+            const SizeT windowEnd =
+                static_cast<SizeT>(windowStart) + st.ShaderBufferCount[MG_Pipe::kMGPipeShaderBufferClassAtomicCounter];
+            for (const Int glBinding : glBindings) {
+                if (glBinding < 0) continue;
+                const Int esslBinding = esslBindingTop - glBinding;
+                // Already diagnosed once when the block was transpiled; nothing was bound to
+                // it there either, so there is nothing to unbind here.
+                if (esslBinding < 0) continue;
+                // OUTSIDE THE WINDOW IS "NOTHING BOUND", which is what the frontend array's
+                // default says too - so it takes the unbind arm rather than being skipped.
+                // Skipping would leave whatever the driver last had at that ESSL point,
+                // which is the hole the frontend walk's `continue` never had because its
+                // bound was the whole 84-point array.
+                const MG_Pipe::MGPBufferRange* entry = nullptr;
+                if (static_cast<SizeT>(glBinding) >= windowStart && static_cast<SizeT>(glBinding) < windowEnd) {
+                    entry = &st.BoundShaderBuffers[MG_Pipe::kMGPipeShaderBufferClassAtomicCounter]
+                                                  [static_cast<SizeT>(glBinding)];
+                }
+                if (entry == nullptr || MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(entry->Res)) {
+                    BindBufferBaseCached(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, static_cast<Uint>(esslBinding), 0);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                auto* backendResource = EnsureBufferResourceForHandle(nullptr, entry->Res);
+                if (!backendResource || backendResource->id == 0) {
+                    MGLOG_E_ONCE("No backend buffer found for atomic counter binding point %d "
+                                 "(handle {%u, %u}).",
+                                 glBinding, entry->Res.Slot, entry->Res.Gen);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (entry->Offset == 0 && entry->Size == MG_Pipe::kMGPipeWholeBuffer) {
+                    BindBufferBaseCached(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, static_cast<Uint>(esslBinding), backendResource->id);
+                } else {
+                    const SizeT storage = backendResource->storageSize;
+                    const SizeT rangeStart = std::min<SizeT>(static_cast<SizeT>(entry->Offset), storage);
+                    const SizeT rangeEnd = std::min<SizeT>(static_cast<SizeT>(entry->Offset + entry->Size), storage);
+                    BindBufferRangeCached(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, static_cast<Uint>(esslBinding), backendResource->id,
+                                          static_cast<GLintptr>(rangeStart),
+                                          static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(rangeEnd - rangeStart));
+                }
+                // AND NO MarkBufferGpuWritten HERE. It was the second of the three backend
+                // GPU-write sites and it reached into a client object; the client's
+                // MarkAtomicCounterBindings (GpuWritePending.cpp) already marks the same set
+                // from MarkGpuWritesForDraw, WIDER on purpose - it marks every touched
+                // counter point rather than only the ones this program declares, which is
+                // the safe direction for an over-approximate set.
+                //
+                // P8-C: the server's own twin is marked instead, for the server's own CPU
+                // readers (SplitHostBytesForCpuRead) - a counter buffer later bound as a
+                // parameter or element buffer is read on this side.
+                backendResource->serverGpuWritten = true;
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+    } // namespace BufferImpl
+
+    namespace XfbImpl {
+        // One scratch ES buffer serves every scattered capture: only one span can be
+        // recording at a time (the driver would reject a second Begin), so its contents
+        // are consumed by the End that follows.
+        GLuint g_scatterBufferId = 0;
+        SizeT g_scatterBufferSize = 0;
+
+        UnorderedMap<GLuint, XfbObjectState> g_xfbObjects;
+        GLuint g_currentXfbName = 0;
+        // Cached address of g_xfbObjects[g_currentXfbName]: PrepareForDraw consults
+        // CurrentXfb on EVERY draw (StartPendingTransformFeedback) and the map
+        // lookup was pure per-draw overhead for the overwhelmingly common no-capture
+        // case. Open addressing keeps values in the bucket array, so ANY insert can
+        // rehash and move them - and erase moves them too, by shifting the rest of the
+        // probe cluster into the hole, which reaches entries other than the erased one.
+        // Every site that mutates the map or rebinds the current name resets this to
+        // null instead of reasoning about stability, and CurrentXfb re-resolves lazily.
+        XfbObjectState* g_currentXfbState = nullptr;
+        // P13 W6: one role - the record arm's (the frontend arm's GL-name keyed state went).
+        Array<RoleXfbState, 1> g_roleXfbState;
+
+        namespace {
+            RoleXfbState& ActiveXfbState() {
+                auto& state = g_roleXfbState[0];
+                if (state.NativeGeneration != g_backendContextGeneration) {
+                    state = {};
+                    state.NativeGeneration = g_backendContextGeneration;
+                }
+                return state;
+            }
+        } // namespace
+
+        XfbObjectState& CurrentXfb() {
+            auto& state = ActiveXfbState();
+            const Uint64 lifetime = MG_Pipe::MGPipeApplier().BoundStreamOutputLifetimeId;
+            if (state.Current != lifetime || state.Cached == nullptr || state.NeedsBind)
+                BindTransformFeedback(0); // identity is the applier's lifetime, not this argument
+            auto& g_currentXfbState = state.Cached;
+            auto& g_xfbObjects = state.Objects;
+            const auto g_currentXfbName = state.Current;
+            if (g_currentXfbState == nullptr) {
+                g_currentXfbState = &g_xfbObjects[g_currentXfbName];
+            }
+            return *g_currentXfbState;
+        }
+
+        namespace {
+            Bool AreTransformFeedbackObjectsSupported() {
+                return g_GLESFuncs.glGenTransformFeedbacks != nullptr &&
+                       g_GLESFuncs.glBindTransformFeedback != nullptr &&
+                       g_GLESFuncs.glDeleteTransformFeedbacks != nullptr &&
+                       g_GLESFuncs.glPauseTransformFeedback != nullptr &&
+                       g_GLESFuncs.glResumeTransformFeedback != nullptr;
+            }
+
+            // How wide one OnBufferWriteback may be for a capture range of `rangeBytes`, which is
+            // the whole range when the transport imposes no limit (monolith, where the callback is
+            // a direct call with no ring under it) or when the range already fits one.
+            //
+            // BOTH XFB WRITEBACK PRODUCERS ASK THE SAME FUNCTION. They post from different sources
+            // - one from a live glMapBufferRange mapping, one from a staged Vector<Uint8> - but
+            // they post the same KIND of record into the same ring, and a second spelling of the
+            // width is how one of them ends up being the producer that still kills the server.
+            SizeT XfbWritebackSliceStep(SizeT rangeBytes) {
+                const Uint64 slice = MG_Pipe::MGPipeBufferWritebackSliceBytes();
+                if (slice == 0 || slice >= static_cast<Uint64>(rangeBytes)) return rangeBytes;
+                return static_cast<SizeT>(slice);
+            }
+
+            // Mirrors one capture span's results into the frontend CPU shadows. The GPU wrote
+            // the capture buffers behind the frontend's back, so the shadows that back
+            // MapBuffer/GetBufferSubData still hold the pre-draw bytes. Buffers whose storage
+            // the backend already owns (coherent persistent map) need nothing: reads resolve
+            // against that storage directly.
+            void ReadbackCapturedRanges(Vector<XfbCaptureTarget>& targets) {
+                if (g_GLESFuncs.glMapBufferRange == nullptr || g_GLESFuncs.glUnmapBuffer == nullptr) {
+                    MGLOG_E_ONCE("EndTransformFeedback: the ES driver exposes no glMapBufferRange/glUnmapBuffer, so "
+                                 "captured data can never reach the application's buffers");
+                }
+                if (targets.empty()) {
+                    // The span closed with nothing to mirror back. Either the deferred Begin
+                    // never ran (a span with no draw - legal) or it ran and found no bound
+                    // capture buffer, which is not.
+                    MGLOG_D("EndTransformFeedback: capture span closed with no recorded targets");
+                }
+                if (g_GLESFuncs.glMapBufferRange != nullptr && g_GLESFuncs.glUnmapBuffer != nullptr) {
+                    for (const auto& target : targets) {
+                        // P5c: under an active transport the frontend object is client
+                        // memory (rule E), so the persistence question is the server
+                        // resource's and the captured bytes go back as a writeback EVENT -
+                        // WritebackFromBackend from the apply thread is the R1/R2 shape.
+                        const MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res = target.handle;
+                        auto* resource = BufferImpl::FindBufferResourceForHandle(res);
+                        if (resource == nullptr) continue;
+                        if (resource->persistentMapped) {
+                            // P8-C: nothing to copy - the capture reaches a coherent map -
+                            // but this side's CPU readers must finish before reading it.
+                            resource->serverGpuWritten = true;
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        const SizeT size = target.end - target.start;
+                        BufferImpl::BindBufferId(BufferImpl::TempBufferTarget, target.backendId);
+                        void* mapped = g_GLESFuncs.glMapBufferRange(BufferImpl::TempBufferTarget,
+                                                                    static_cast<GLintptr>(target.start),
+                                                                    static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size), GL_MAP_READ_BIT);
+                        if (mapped == nullptr) {
+                            MGLOG_E_ONCE("EndTransformFeedback: failed to map backend buffer %u [%zu, %zu) for "
+                                         "capture readback (ES error %s); the captured data will NOT be visible to "
+                                         "the application",
+                                         target.backendId, target.start, target.end,
+                                         MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(TakeXfbDriverError()).c_str());
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        if (MG_Pipe::gMGPipeCallbacks.OnBufferWriteback != nullptr) {
+                            // ONE EVENT PER SLICE, NOT ONE PER CAPTURE. The bytes travel
+                            // INLINE in a SEG_EVENT record and the ring refuses any record
+                            // above half its capacity outright, so a whole-range post of a
+                            // capture wider than ~128 KiB was Fatal{EventRingOverflow} - the
+                            // SERVER dying on a large buffer. The slicing shape is
+                            // BufferObject.cpp's one ring over: in-order delivery makes the
+                            // last slice's landing imply every earlier one, so the client
+                            // needs nothing new to reassemble them.
+                            //
+                            // INSIDE THE MAPPING, deliberately: the map is the expensive part
+                            // and the slices are reads of one live pointer, so this unmaps
+                            // once below however many events it posts.
+                            const SizeT step = XfbWritebackSliceStep(size);
+                            for (SizeT off = 0; off < size; off += step) {
+                                const SizeT bytes = std::min(step, size - off);
+                                MG_Pipe::gMGPipeCallbacks.OnBufferWriteback(
+                                    res, target.start + off,
+                                    MG_Pipe::MGPBlobRef{reinterpret_cast<Uint64>(static_cast<Uint8*>(mapped) + off),
+                                                        static_cast<Uint64>(bytes), MG_Pipe::kMGHostSpanSegNone, 0});
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            MGLOG_E_ONCE("EndTransformFeedback: no reverse channel is installed, so the "
+                                         "captured bytes of buffer {%u,%u} cannot reach the client shadow",
+                                         res.Slot, res.Gen);
+                        }
+                        // P8-C: the server's own staged copy takes the same bytes, from the
+                        // same mapping, so this side's CPU readers see the capture too.
+                        BufferImpl::StageServerWrittenRange(*resource, res, mapped, target.start, size);
+                        g_GLESFuncs.glUnmapBuffer(BufferImpl::TempBufferTarget);
+                        // Ops_H_Readback's order: writeback, unmap, THEN the serial
+                        // stamp, so the next draw does not re-upload the server's stale
+                        // staged bytes over the capture that just landed.
+                        resource->syncedChangeSerial = BufferImpl::ResourceSerialForHandle(res);
+                        BufferImpl::BumpBufferMutationEpoch();
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+                targets.clear();
+            }
+
+            // Distributes the gap-free records the driver captured into the application's
+            // buffers at the offsets the GL layout asks for. Only the bytes a varying actually
+            // occupies are written, so the holes gl_SkipComponents asks for keep whatever the
+            // application had put there - which is the whole point of the feature.
+            void ScatterCapturedRecords(XfbObjectState& xfb) {
+                auto& g_scatterBufferId = xfb.serverScatterBuffer;
+                const XfbProgramSource program{xfb.scatterProgram, xfb.scatterArchive};
+                if (!program || xfb.targets.empty()) return;
+                if (g_GLESFuncs.glMapBufferRange == nullptr || g_GLESFuncs.glUnmapBuffer == nullptr) return;
+
+                const SizeT packedStride = program->GetTransformFeedbackPackedStride();
+                const SizeT modelledVertices =
+                    static_cast<SizeT>(MG_Pipe::gPipeInputs->GetTransformFeedbackCapturedVertices());
+                const SizeT vertices = std::min<SizeT>(modelledVertices, xfb.scatterCapacityVertices);
+                if (packedStride == 0 || vertices == 0) {
+                    // The scatter path redirected the DRIVER's capture into the scratch buffer,
+                    // so bailing here leaves the application's buffers holding their pre-draw
+                    // bytes - a total data loss, not a no-op. The vertex count is the CPU model
+                    // (AccountTransformFeedbackPrimitives), which is 0 for any draw mode
+                    // CountPrimitivesForDraw does not know and for the instanced/indirect entry
+                    // points that never call it.
+                    MGLOG_E_ONCE("EndTransformFeedback: scattered capture discarded - packedStride=%zu, "
+                                 "CPU-modelled captured vertices=%zu, scratch capacity=%zu. The capture buffers keep "
+                                 "their pre-draw contents.",
+                                 packedStride, modelledVertices, xfb.scatterCapacityVertices);
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                BufferImpl::BindBufferId(BufferImpl::TempBufferTarget, g_scatterBufferId);
+                const void* packed = g_GLESFuncs.glMapBufferRange(
+                    BufferImpl::TempBufferTarget, 0, static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(packedStride * vertices), GL_MAP_READ_BIT);
+                if (packed == nullptr) {
+                    MGLOG_E_ONCE("EndTransformFeedback: failed to map the scatter capture buffer");
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                // One staged copy per destination buffer: start from what the application had
+                // (the shadow is authoritative - uploads go shadow -> ES, and previous captures
+                // were mirrored back into it), patch the captured varyings in, then push the
+                // whole range down once.
+                for (SizeT targetIndex = 0; targetIndex < xfb.targets.size(); ++targetIndex) {
+                    const auto& target = xfb.targets[targetIndex];
+                    // By BUFFER index, not by position in the compacted list - see XfbCaptureTarget.
+                    const SizeT stride = program->GetTransformFeedbackStride(static_cast<Uint32>(target.bufferIndex));
+                    if (stride == 0) continue;
+                    const SizeT rangeBytes = target.end - target.start;
+                    Vector<Uint8> staged(rangeBytes);
+                    // P5c: under an active transport BufferObject::MappedData on the apply
+                    // thread is Fatal{RoleViolation, "buffer-legacy-arm"} (CONTRACT-P5C §3.8) -
+                    // the pre-capture bytes are the SERVER's staged shadow, and the reconciled
+                    // range goes back as a writeback EVENT instead of a WritebackFromBackend
+                    // poke into client memory.
+                    MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle splitRes = MG_Pipe::kMGPipeNullHandle;
+                    BufferImpl::GLESBufferResource* splitResource = nullptr;
+                    splitRes = target.handle;
+                    splitResource = BufferImpl::FindBufferResourceForHandle(splitRes);
+                    if (splitResource == nullptr) {
+                        // THE ONLY DISCARD LEFT, and it is the impossible one: this target
+                        // was recorded by BindBufferRange/Base against a handle the applier
+                        // had already minted a twin for, so no twin here means the slot
+                        // table and the capture list disagree about one resource. There is
+                        // no backendId to upload into either, so there is nothing to do but
+                        // name it.
+                        MGLOG_E_ONCE("EndTransformFeedback: a scattered capture target (handle {%u,%u}) has "
+                                     "no server twin at all; its capture is discarded",
+                                     splitRes.Slot, splitRes.Gen);
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    // P8-C: made current first - a store a shader wrote here is refreshed.
+                    const Uint8* hostBytes =
+                        BufferImpl::SplitHostBytesForCpuRead(*splitResource, splitRes, "xfb_scatter_pre_capture");
+                    // A NULL SHADOW IS NOT A LOST CAPTURE. It is the ORPHANED store
+                    // (glBufferData(size, NULL) with no resource_subdata since), which
+                    // M-3 declares legal: every byte the application has not staged is
+                    // UNDEFINED by its own declaration, and `staged` is already
+                    // value-initialised to zero - which is byte for byte what the monolith
+                    // arm scatters over when it reads a fresh MappedData(). Skipping the
+                    // Memcpy is therefore the WHOLE of the difference; skipping the TARGET
+                    // threw the varyings away and left the application's buffer holding its
+                    // pre-draw bytes under GL_NO_ERROR, the silent-loss class this file's
+                    // preamble exists to close. The streaming idiom that hits it - orphan,
+                    // partial glBufferSubData, capture into the rest - is ordinary.
+                    if (hostBytes != nullptr) {
+                        // Managers.cpp's pool-reuse ladder guards its whole-store
+                        // MGL_SERVER_STAGED_REQUIRE with exactly this predicate and for
+                        // exactly this reason: for a store whose content the application
+                        // SUPPLIED a coverage gap is a missing record and zero-filling past
+                        // it is silent data loss (Fatal by name); for an orphaned one the
+                        // gap is its own undefined content and the read is legal.
+                        if (BufferImpl::ResourceContentIsDeclared(splitRes)) {
+                            BufferImpl::RequireStagedCoverage(*splitResource, hostBytes, target.start, target.end,
+                                                              "xfb_scatter_pre_capture");
+                        }
+                        Memcpy(staged.data(), hostBytes + target.start, rangeBytes);
+                    }
+
+                    for (const auto& varying : program->GetTransformFeedbackVaryings()) {
+                        if (varying.bufferIndex != target.bufferIndex) continue;
+                        for (SizeT v = 0; v < vertices; ++v) {
+                            const SizeT dstOffset = v * stride + varying.offsetBytes;
+                            if (dstOffset + varying.byteSize > rangeBytes) break;
+                            Memcpy(staged.data() + dstOffset,
+                                   static_cast<const Uint8*>(packed) + v * packedStride + varying.packedOffsetBytes,
+                                   varying.byteSize);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (MG_Pipe::gMGPipeCallbacks.OnBufferWriteback != nullptr) {
+                        // Sliced for the reason the readback path above is sliced: the bytes
+                        // are INLINE in a SEG_EVENT record and the ring refuses a record wider
+                        // than half its capacity outright, so one whole-range post of a
+                        // capture over ~128 KiB was Fatal{EventRingOverflow} and the server
+                        // died. Only the EVENT is cut; the glBufferSubData below stays one
+                        // call over the whole `staged` vector, because the ES store has no
+                        // ring and cutting it would change how many backend calls one
+                        // application call makes.
+                        const SizeT step = XfbWritebackSliceStep(rangeBytes);
+                        for (SizeT off = 0; off < rangeBytes; off += step) {
+                            const SizeT bytes = std::min(step, rangeBytes - off);
+                            MG_Pipe::gMGPipeCallbacks.OnBufferWriteback(
+                                splitRes, target.start + off,
+                                MG_Pipe::MGPBlobRef{reinterpret_cast<Uint64>(staged.data() + off),
+                                                    static_cast<Uint64>(bytes), MG_Pipe::kMGHostSpanSegNone, 0});
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        MGLOG_E_ONCE("EndTransformFeedback: no reverse channel is installed, so the "
+                                     "scattered capture of buffer {%u,%u} cannot reach the client shadow",
+                                     splitRes.Slot, splitRes.Gen);
+                    }
+                    // P8-C: the staged copy takes the composed range too, so this side's CPU
+                    // readers see the capture (before P8 it kept the pre-capture bytes).
+                    BufferImpl::StageServerWrittenRange(*splitResource, splitRes, staged.data(), target.start,
+                                                        rangeBytes);
+                    // Ops_H_Readback's stamp, for its reason: the GL store now holds the
+                    // capture, and the next draw must not re-upload an older range over it.
+                    splitResource->syncedChangeSerial = BufferImpl::ResourceSerialForHandle(splitRes);
+                    // Serial bumped with no backend op (see ReadbackCapturedRanges).
+                    BufferImpl::BumpBufferMutationEpoch();
+                    if (g_GLESFuncs.glBufferSubData != nullptr) {
+                        BufferImpl::BindBufferId(BufferImpl::TempBufferTarget, target.backendId);
+                        g_GLESFuncs.glBufferSubData(BufferImpl::TempBufferTarget, static_cast<GLintptr>(target.start),
+                                                    static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(rangeBytes), staged.data());
+                    }
+                    BufferImpl::BindBufferId(BufferImpl::TempBufferTarget, g_scatterBufferId);
+                }
+                g_GLESFuncs.glUnmapBuffer(BufferImpl::TempBufferTarget);
+                xfb.targets.clear();
+            }
+        } // namespace
+
+        Bool AreTransformFeedbacksSupported() {
+            return g_GLESFuncs.glBeginTransformFeedback != nullptr && g_GLESFuncs.glEndTransformFeedback != nullptr &&
+                   g_GLESFuncs.glTransformFeedbackVaryings != nullptr;
+        }
+
+        Bool IsCaptureSpanOpen() {
+            const auto& xfb = CurrentXfb();
+            return (xfb.pending || xfb.started) && !xfb.paused;
+        }
+
+        void BeginTransformFeedback(GLenum primitiveMode) {
+            if (!AreTransformFeedbacksSupported()) return;
+            auto& xfb = CurrentXfb();
+            xfb.primitiveMode = primitiveMode;
+            xfb.pending = true;
+            xfb.started = false;
+            xfb.paused = false;
+            xfb.targets.clear();
+        }
+
+        void EndTransformFeedback() {
+            auto& xfb = CurrentXfb();
+            const Bool wasPending = xfb.pending;
+            xfb.pending = false;
+            xfb.paused = false;
+            if (!xfb.started) {
+                // A span that never drew is legal and captures nothing by definition; one that
+                // is STILL pending here drew nothing the backend saw, which for a span the
+                // application expected data from is the whole bug in one line.
+                MGLOG_D("EndTransformFeedback: closing a span the driver never opened (pending=%d)",
+                        wasPending ? 1 : 0);
+                return;
+            }
+            xfb.started = false;
+            g_GLESFuncs.glEndTransformFeedback();
+            if (const GLenum endError = TakeXfbDriverError(); endError != GL_NO_ERROR) {
+                MGLOG_E_ONCE("EndTransformFeedback: the ES driver rejected glEndTransformFeedback with %s - the "
+                             "driver's capture state and MobileGL's have diverged",
+                             MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(endError).c_str());
+            }
+            if (xfb.scattered) {
+                ScatterCapturedRecords(xfb);
+                xfb.scattered = false;
+                xfb.scatterProgram.reset();
+                xfb.scatterArchive.reset();
+            } else {
+                ReadbackCapturedRanges(xfb.targets);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void PauseTransformFeedback() {
+            auto& xfb = CurrentXfb();
+            xfb.paused = true;
+            // A span the driver never opened (paused before the first draw) has nothing to
+            // pause; the flag above is what holds the deferred Begin back until the resume.
+            if (!xfb.started || g_GLESFuncs.glPauseTransformFeedback == nullptr) return;
+            g_GLESFuncs.glPauseTransformFeedback();
+        }
+
+        void ResumeTransformFeedback() {
+            auto& xfb = CurrentXfb();
+            xfb.paused = false;
+            if (!xfb.started || g_GLESFuncs.glResumeTransformFeedback == nullptr) return;
+            g_GLESFuncs.glResumeTransformFeedback();
+        }
+
+        void BindTransformFeedback(GLuint name) {
+            auto& roleState = ActiveXfbState();
+            auto& g_currentXfbState = roleState.Cached;
+            auto& g_xfbObjects = roleState.Objects;
+            auto& g_currentXfbName = roleState.Current;
+            const Uint64 key = MG_Pipe::MGPipeApplier().BoundStreamOutputLifetimeId;
+            (void)name;
+            roleState.NeedsBind = false;
+            g_currentXfbState = nullptr; // name changes; operator[] below may also rehash
+            // The capture buffer bindings are the OBJECT's, not the context's: the bind below
+            // swaps all of them for whatever the target object holds, which the redundant-bind
+            // shadow has never seen.
+            BufferImpl::InvalidateTransformFeedbackBindingShadows();
+            if (!AreTransformFeedbackObjectsSupported()) {
+                // Without driver objects there is only the default span; keep the frontend
+                // name so the bookkeeping below stays consistent.
+                g_currentXfbName = key;
+                return;
+            }
+            auto& xfb = g_xfbObjects[key];
+            // Even each virtual context's name-0 object gets its own native object.
+            if (xfb.esId == 0) {
+                g_GLESFuncs.glGenTransformFeedbacks(1, &xfb.esId);
+            }
+            g_GLESFuncs.glBindTransformFeedback(GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK, xfb.esId);
+            g_currentXfbName = key;
+        }
+
+        void DeleteTransformFeedback(GLuint name) {
+            auto& roleState = ActiveXfbState();
+            auto& g_currentXfbState = roleState.Cached;
+            auto& g_xfbObjects = roleState.Objects;
+            auto& g_currentXfbName = roleState.Current;
+            const Uint64 key = MG_Pipe::MGPipeApplier().VerbDeleteStreamOutputLifetimeId;
+            (void)name;
+            // A generated but never-bound name has no native object or lifetime.
+            if (key == 0) return;
+            const auto it = g_xfbObjects.find(key);
+            if (it == g_xfbObjects.end()) return;
+            if (it->second.esId != 0 && g_GLESFuncs.glDeleteTransformFeedbacks != nullptr) {
+                g_GLESFuncs.glDeleteTransformFeedbacks(1, &it->second.esId);
+            }
+            g_currentXfbState = nullptr; // erase shifts the probe cluster, moving other entries
+            g_xfbObjects.erase(it);
+            // The frontend reverts to the default object when the bound one is deleted.
+            if (g_currentXfbName == key) {
+                // The following BindStreamOutput names this context's actual
+                // default lifetime. Never create a native object for key 0.
+                g_currentXfbName = 0;
+                roleState.NeedsBind = true;
+                BufferImpl::InvalidateTransformFeedbackBindingShadows();
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // The ES context went away (or is being torn down): the spans, their buffer ids, the
+        // driver objects and the frontend objects they pinned all belonged to it.
+        void OnBackendContextDestroyed() {
+            for (auto& state : g_roleXfbState)
+                state = {};
+            g_currentXfbState = nullptr;
+            g_xfbObjects.clear();
+            g_currentXfbName = 0;
+            g_scatterBufferId = 0;
+            g_scatterBufferSize = 0;
+            BufferImpl::InvalidateTransformFeedbackBindingShadows();
+        }
+    } // namespace XfbImpl
+
+    namespace VertexArrayImpl {
+        // THE CLIENT-MEMORY VERTEX ARRAY UPLOAD, and the one read of this family that P5e does
+        // NOT retire - it MOVES the decision instead, which is what ID-82 / ruling 2 settles.
+        //
+        // The bytes of a client-memory array exist only in the application's own memory: the
+        // emitter publishes Res == kMGPipeNullHandle for such an attribute by design
+        // (VertexInputEmit.h) and this upload is where the server used to dereference
+        // attrib.Offset as a raw client pointer (Managers.cpp's
+        // SyncClientSideAttributesForDrawArrays, kimi audit row 14). Under run-ahead those bytes
+        // are movable and the read is torn by construction, so the CLIENT refuses the draw by
+        // name before it is ever emitted (EmitTables.cpp, Fatal{UnmigratedVerb,
+        // "DrawArrays+CLIENT_ARRAYS"}); staging them as a record tail is P8's.
+        //
+        // What is left here is therefore reachable in exactly two situations, and both are safe:
+        //   * monolith / the push-monolith build  - one process, one thread, no wire;
+        //   * a LOCKSTEP split session            - the client is parked in WaitForApplied for
+        //                                           this very record, so its memory is stable
+        //                                           (rule F is scoped to unbarriered records,
+        //                                           ruling 4). Escalation (ii) of §2.1 pins the
+        //                                           same thing from the other side: a draw
+        //                                           carrying kDrawClientArrays is BARRIERED.
+        // Making it monolith-only instead would silently drop the attribute upload of a
+        // lockstep split session, which is a wrong picture today - before ra has landed
+        // anything - so the refusal is the client's to raise, not this arm's to assume.
+        //
+        // The frontend VAO is taken ONLY when the applier's own vertex-buffer window says a
+        // client-sourced attribute exists, which is what retires the per-draw
+        // GetBoundVertexArray row of the ordinary (VBO-backed) DrawArrays - the strict lane's
+        // `GetBoundVertexArray@DrawArrays` marker - without touching this path's behaviour.
+        // `static` on purpose (G1): the pull build must not gain an exported name for a
+        // function that only re-homes two identical inline blocks the two DrawArrays entry
+        // points used to carry. The same spelling governs the three below, and for a second
+        // reason on top of the symbol count: a Debug build drops CXX_VISIBILITY_PRESET to
+        // `default` (CMakeLists.txt:707-719), so an external-linkage helper here would be a
+        // DYNAMIC export in exactly the configuration a symbol gate cannot see it in.
+        //
+        // ALL FLAVORS, NOT JUST THE SPLIT ARM. These three were inside
+        // `#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED` for one round and that was a misreading of their
+        // own gate: the body's first statement returns early when `MG_Config::Transport !=
+        // Monolith`, i.e. they exist FOR the monolith arm - and the monolith arm is what the
+        // pull/verify/push builds run. Their callers sit in entry points that compile in every
+        // flavor (the indexed family, both indirect executors), so a guard here breaks the
+        // pull build outright rather than merely omitting a split-arm path. In those flavors
+        // the guard's own test folds to a compile-time false (Config.h:566) and the body is
+        // the transport-free upload it always was.
+        //
+        // ---- THE MONOLITH ARM'S CLIENT-MEMORY SNAPSHOT, PER DRAW -----------------------------
+        //
+        // A client-memory attribute is uploaded HERE because its bytes have no store on this side
+        // to bind. SyncClientSideVertexArraysForDrawArrays below does that for the non-indexed
+        // family, whose fetched elements are exactly the contiguous (first, count) run. Every
+        // OTHER draw shape fetches by index and by instance, so its elements have to come from
+        // MGPipeClientFetchPlan - the same answer the wire arm's owned snapshot is built from
+        // (MG_Impl/Pipe/OwnedDrawInputs.h, which is why the two arms agree by construction).
+        //
+        // WHAT WAS MISSING BEFORE THIS: an indexed draw over a client array uploaded nothing at
+        // all. The ES context kept whatever the last VBO-backed attribute had left for that
+        // index - normally the array DISABLED, i.e. every vertex reading the generic current
+        // value - so the draw painted nothing, with no GL error anywhere to say why.
+        struct ClientSnapshotSources {
+            const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>* ElementBuffer = nullptr;
+        };
+    } // namespace VertexArrayImpl
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES
@@ -0,0 +1,893 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/DirectGLESSharedImage.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#include "DirectGLESInternal.h"
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
+#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
+    // ---- SHARED IMAGES (DirectGLES.h; docs/archive/notes/anland/plan-ahb-dmabuf.md) ------
+
+    namespace SharedImageImpl {
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+        namespace {
+            namespace SI = MG_Remote::Server::SharedImages;
+
+            // EGL_ANDROID_image_native_buffer's target and EGL_KHR_image_base's attribute, spelled
+            // here so no extension header is needed.
+            constexpr EGLenum kEglNativeBufferAndroid = 0x3140;
+            constexpr EGLint kEglImagePreservedKhr = 0x30D2;
+
+            using GetNativeClientBufferFn = EGLClientBuffer (*)(const AHardwareBuffer*);
+            using CreateImageKhrFn = void* (*)(EGLDisplay, EGLContext, EGLenum, EGLClientBuffer, const EGLint*);
+            using DestroyImageKhrFn = EGLBoolean (*)(EGLDisplay, void*);
+            using ImageTargetFn = void (*)(GLenum, void*);
+
+            // EGL_KHR_fence_sync / EGL_KHR_wait_sync / EGL_ANDROID_native_fence_sync, likewise.
+            constexpr EGLenum kEglSyncNativeFenceAndroid = 0x3144;
+            constexpr EGLint kEglSyncNativeFenceFdAndroid = 0x3145;
+            constexpr EGLint kEglConditionSatisfiedKhr = 0x30F6;
+            using CreateSyncKhrFn = void* (*)(EGLDisplay, EGLenum, const EGLint*);
+            using DestroySyncKhrFn = EGLBoolean (*)(EGLDisplay, void*);
+            using WaitSyncKhrFn = EGLint (*)(EGLDisplay, void*, EGLint);
+            using ClientWaitSyncKhrFn = EGLint (*)(EGLDisplay, void*, EGLint, Uint64);
+            using DupNativeFenceFdFn = EGLint (*)(EGLDisplay, void*);
+
+            struct EntryPoints {
+                Bool Resolved = false;
+                Bool Usable = false;
+                String Why;
+                GetNativeClientBufferFn GetNativeClientBuffer = nullptr;
+                CreateImageKhrFn CreateImage = nullptr;
+                DestroyImageKhrFn DestroyImage = nullptr;
+                ImageTargetFn TargetTexture2D = nullptr;
+                ImageTargetFn TargetRenderbuffer = nullptr;
+                // Fences as sync_files: what lets one session's GPU wait for another's without a
+                // CPU in between. Without them every wait below is a CPU wait.
+                Bool FencesUsable = false;
+                CreateSyncKhrFn CreateSync = nullptr;
+                DestroySyncKhrFn DestroySync = nullptr;
+                WaitSyncKhrFn WaitSync = nullptr;
+                ClientWaitSyncKhrFn ClientWaitSync = nullptr;
+                DupNativeFenceFdFn DupNativeFenceFd = nullptr;
+                // YUV images: sampled as external textures (GL_OES_EGL_image_external_essl3), and
+                // through GL_EXT_YUV_target's raw Y'CbCr sampler where the driver has it, so the
+                // conversion is the import's own (its colour hints) rather than the driver's guess.
+                Bool ExternalEssl3 = false;
+                Bool YuvTarget = false;
+            };
+
+            // None of these is in the loader's tables, and eglGetProcAddress hands back live-looking
+            // stubs for entry points a driver lacks, so the extension strings decide first. Resolved
+            // once, from the first call that has a context current to read the strings from; the
+            // answer is never modified afterwards, so it is read without the lock.
+            const EntryPoints& ResolvedEntryPoints() {
+                static auto* mutex = new std::mutex();
+                static auto* entry = new EntryPoints();
+                const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(*mutex);
+                if (entry->Resolved) return *entry;
+                if (!g_EGLFuncs.eglGetProcAddress || !g_EGLFuncs.eglQueryString || !g_GLESFuncs.glGetString) {
+                    entry->Why = "the loader has no eglGetProcAddress/eglQueryString/glGetString";
+                    return *entry;
+                }
+                const char* egl =
+                    g_Display != EGL_NO_DISPLAY ? g_EGLFuncs.eglQueryString(g_Display, EGL_EXTENSIONS) : nullptr;
+                const char* gl = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(g_GLESFuncs.glGetString(GL_EXTENSIONS));
+                if (egl == nullptr || gl == nullptr) {
+                    entry->Why = "no current display and context to read the extension strings from";
+                    return *entry; // asked again on the next call
+                }
+                entry->Resolved = true;
+                if (HasExtensionWord(egl, "EGL_KHR_fence_sync") && HasExtensionWord(egl, "EGL_KHR_wait_sync") &&
+                    HasExtensionWord(egl, "EGL_ANDROID_native_fence_sync")) {
+                    entry->CreateSync =
+                        reinterpret_cast<CreateSyncKhrFn>(g_EGLFuncs.eglGetProcAddress("eglCreateSyncKHR"));
+                    entry->DestroySync =
+                        reinterpret_cast<DestroySyncKhrFn>(g_EGLFuncs.eglGetProcAddress("eglDestroySyncKHR"));
+                    entry->WaitSync = reinterpret_cast<WaitSyncKhrFn>(g_EGLFuncs.eglGetProcAddress("eglWaitSyncKHR"));
+                    entry->ClientWaitSync =
+                        reinterpret_cast<ClientWaitSyncKhrFn>(g_EGLFuncs.eglGetProcAddress("eglClientWaitSyncKHR"));
+                    entry->DupNativeFenceFd = reinterpret_cast<DupNativeFenceFdFn>(
+                        g_EGLFuncs.eglGetProcAddress("eglDupNativeFenceFDANDROID"));
+                    entry->FencesUsable = entry->CreateSync && entry->DestroySync && entry->WaitSync &&
+                                          entry->ClientWaitSync && entry->DupNativeFenceFd;
+                }
+                if (!entry->FencesUsable) {
+                    MGLOG_I("Shared images: no EGL native fence sync / wait sync; sessions order their access "
+                            "to an image with CPU waits");
+                }
+                if (!HasExtensionWord(egl, "EGL_KHR_image_base") ||
+                    !HasExtensionWord(egl, "EGL_ANDROID_image_native_buffer") ||
+                    !HasExtensionWord(egl, "EGL_ANDROID_get_native_client_buffer")) {
+                    entry->Why = "EGL_KHR_image_base / EGL_ANDROID_image_native_buffer / "
+                                 "EGL_ANDROID_get_native_client_buffer is not advertised";
+                    return *entry;
+                }
+                if (!HasExtensionWord(gl, "GL_OES_EGL_image")) {
+                    entry->Why = "GL_OES_EGL_image is not advertised";
+                    return *entry;
+                }
+                entry->ExternalEssl3 = HasExtensionWord(gl, "GL_OES_EGL_image_external_essl3");
+                entry->YuvTarget = HasExtensionWord(gl, "GL_EXT_YUV_target");
+                entry->GetNativeClientBuffer = reinterpret_cast<GetNativeClientBufferFn>(
+                    g_EGLFuncs.eglGetProcAddress("eglGetNativeClientBufferANDROID"));
+                entry->CreateImage =
+                    reinterpret_cast<CreateImageKhrFn>(g_EGLFuncs.eglGetProcAddress("eglCreateImageKHR"));
+                entry->DestroyImage =
+                    reinterpret_cast<DestroyImageKhrFn>(g_EGLFuncs.eglGetProcAddress("eglDestroyImageKHR"));
+                entry->TargetTexture2D =
+                    reinterpret_cast<ImageTargetFn>(g_EGLFuncs.eglGetProcAddress("glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES"));
+                entry->TargetRenderbuffer = reinterpret_cast<ImageTargetFn>(
+                    g_EGLFuncs.eglGetProcAddress("glEGLImageTargetRenderbufferStorageOES"));
+                if (!entry->GetNativeClientBuffer || !entry->CreateImage || !entry->DestroyImage ||
+                    !entry->TargetTexture2D || !entry->TargetRenderbuffer) {
+                    entry->Why = "eglGetProcAddress gave no address for an advertised EGLImage entry point";
+                    return *entry;
+                }
+                entry->Usable = true;
+                return *entry;
+            }
+
+            void DrainErrors() {
+                for (Uint guard = 0; guard < 16 && g_GLESFuncs.glGetError() != GL_NO_ERROR; ++guard) {}
+            }
+        } // namespace
+#endif
+
+        struct EglImage {
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+            SI::ImageRef Image;
+            void* Handle = nullptr;
+            EGLDisplay Display = EGL_NO_DISPLAY;
+            Uint64 DisplayTerminations = 0;
+            DestroyImageKhrFn Destroy = nullptr;
+            // AcquireForSampling's memory, touched only by the session whose twin holds this: the
+            // write generation last waited for and the native context the wait was queued in (a
+            // GPU wait orders that context alone), and the read frame the image was last noted in.
+            Uint64 WaitedGeneration = 0;
+            Uint64 WaitedContext = 0;
+            Uint64 NotedFrame = 0;
+            // A YUV image (ConvertYuvForSampling): an external texture over the EGLImage, the source
+            // of the conversion into the texture's own RGBA storage, and the reader's frame the
+            // conversion last ran in.
+            GLuint ExternalTexture = 0;
+            Uint64 ConvertedFrame = 0;
+
+            ~EglImage() {
+                // eglDestroyImageKHR needs the display, not a context, so a session's twin teardown
+                // (no context current) still releases the image; only exit() and a terminated
+                // display - which destroyed the image itself - skip it.
+                if (Handle == nullptr || Destroy == nullptr || InProcessExit()) return;
+                if (g_displayTerminations.load(std::memory_order_acquire) != DisplayTerminations) return;
+                // Texture names are the share group's: deleting one needs any context of it, and
+                // without one current the name goes with the display.
+                if (ExternalTexture != 0 && t_native.boundContext != EGL_NO_CONTEXT)
+                    g_GLESFuncs.glDeleteTextures(1, &ExternalTexture);
+                Destroy(Display, Handle);
+            }
+#endif
+        };
+
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+        EglImageRef CreateEglImage(Uint64 id, String& why) {
+            const EntryPoints& entry = ResolvedEntryPoints();
+            if (!entry.Usable) {
+                why = entry.Why;
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+            SI::ImageRef image = SI::Find(id);
+            if (image == nullptr) {
+                why = "no live shared image has this id";
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+            if (image->Native == nullptr) {
+                why = "the image has no AHardwareBuffer";
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+            const EGLClientBuffer buffer =
+                entry.GetNativeClientBuffer(static_cast<const AHardwareBuffer*>(image->Native));
+            if (buffer == nullptr) {
+                why = "eglGetNativeClientBufferANDROID returned null";
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+            const EGLint attribs[] = {kEglImagePreservedKhr, EGL_TRUE, EGL_NONE};
+            void* handle = entry.CreateImage(g_Display, EGL_NO_CONTEXT, kEglNativeBufferAndroid, buffer, attribs);
+            if (handle == nullptr) {
+                char text[96];
+                std::snprintf(text, sizeof(text), "eglCreateImageKHR failed (EGL error 0x%04x)",
+                              g_EGLFuncs.eglGetError ? static_cast<unsigned>(g_EGLFuncs.eglGetError()) : 0u);
+                why = text;
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+            auto result = MakeShared<EglImage>();
+            result->Image = std::move(image);
+            result->Handle = handle;
+            result->Display = g_Display;
+            result->DisplayTerminations = g_displayTerminations.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+            result->Destroy = entry.DestroyImage;
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        Bool TargetBoundTexture2D(const EglImageRef& image) {
+            const EntryPoints& entry = ResolvedEntryPoints();
+            if (!entry.Usable || image == nullptr || image->Handle == nullptr) return false;
+            DrainErrors();
+            entry.TargetTexture2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, image->Handle);
+            return g_GLESFuncs.glGetError() == GL_NO_ERROR;
+        }
+
+        namespace {
+            // ONE PRESENT TARGET PER IMAGE, PROCESS-WIDE: the EGLImage and a renderbuffer whose
+            // storage it is. Every native context is in one share group, so the renderbuffer is
+            // one object for every session's context; only the framebuffer it is attached to is
+            // per context. Kept until no session holds the image any more (pruned on every present
+            // - the cache's own reference is then the only one), with a small cap so a client that
+            // cycles through many images cannot pile them up between presents.
+            struct PresentTarget {
+                EglImageRef Image;
+                GLuint Renderbuffer = 0;
+                Uint64 LastUse = 0;
+                // A present has written the image through this target (its content is a frame).
+                Bool Written = false;
+            };
+            struct PresentTargets {
+                std::mutex Mutex;
+                std::unordered_map<Uint64, PresentTarget> ById;
+                Uint64 UseClock = 0;
+            };
+            constexpr SizeT kMaxPresentTargets = 8;
+
+            PresentTargets& Targets() {
+                static auto* targets = new PresentTargets();
+                return *targets;
+            }
+
+            // The framebuffer a present draws through, one per native context (container objects
+            // are never shared). It carries an attachment only for the duration of a present, so
+            // no context's framebuffer keeps a dropped target's renderbuffer alive.
+            PerNativeContext<GLuint> g_presentFramebuffers;
+
+            Bool TargetIsCurrent(const PresentTarget& target) {
+                return target.Image != nullptr &&
+                       target.Image->DisplayTerminations == g_displayTerminations.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+            }
+
+            void DeleteTarget(PresentTarget& target) {
+                if (target.Renderbuffer != 0 && TargetIsCurrent(target)) {
+                    g_GLESFuncs.glDeleteRenderbuffers(1, &target.Renderbuffer);
+                }
+                target.Renderbuffer = 0;
+                target.Image = nullptr;
+            }
+
+            // Caller holds the mutex and has a context of the share group current.
+            void PruneLocked(PresentTargets& targets) {
+                for (auto it = targets.ById.begin(); it != targets.ById.end();) {
+                    if (!TargetIsCurrent(it->second) || it->second.Image->Image.use_count() <= 1) {
+                        DeleteTarget(it->second);
+                        it = targets.ById.erase(it);
+                    } else {
+                        ++it;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            GLuint MakeRenderbuffer(const EglImage& image, String& why) {
+                GLuint renderbuffer = 0;
+                g_GLESFuncs.glGenRenderbuffers(1, &renderbuffer);
+                if (renderbuffer == 0) {
+                    why = "glGenRenderbuffers gave no name";
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                // Espryt keeps no renderbuffer-binding shadow; put the driver's binding back as found.
+                GLint previous = 0;
+                g_GLESFuncs.glGetIntegerv(GL_RENDERBUFFER_BINDING, &previous);
+                DrainErrors();
+                g_GLESFuncs.glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, renderbuffer);
+                ResolvedEntryPoints().TargetRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, image.Handle);
+                const GLenum error = g_GLESFuncs.glGetError();
+                g_GLESFuncs.glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, static_cast<GLuint>(previous));
+                if (error != GL_NO_ERROR) {
+                    char text[96];
+                    std::snprintf(text, sizeof(text), "glEGLImageTargetRenderbufferStorageOES -> 0x%04x",
+                                  static_cast<unsigned>(error));
+                    why = text;
+                    g_GLESFuncs.glDeleteRenderbuffers(1, &renderbuffer);
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                return renderbuffer;
+            }
+
+            // Everything the current context has submitted, waited out on the CPU: the fallback for
+            // a driver that cannot hand a fence to another session.
+            Bool WaitForCompletion() {
+                if (g_GLESFuncs.glFenceSync && g_GLESFuncs.glClientWaitSync && g_GLESFuncs.glDeleteSync) {
+                    if (GLsync fence = g_GLESFuncs.glFenceSync(GL_SYNC_GPU_COMMANDS_COMPLETE, 0)) {
+                        constexpr GLuint64 kSliceNs = 1000ull * 1000 * 1000;
+                        GLenum status = GL_TIMEOUT_EXPIRED;
+                        GLbitfield flags = GL_SYNC_FLUSH_COMMANDS_BIT;
+                        for (Uint slice = 0; slice < 10 && status == GL_TIMEOUT_EXPIRED; ++slice) {
+                            status = g_GLESFuncs.glClientWaitSync(fence, flags, kSliceNs);
+                            flags = 0;
+                        }
+                        g_GLESFuncs.glDeleteSync(fence);
+                        if (status == GL_ALREADY_SIGNALED || status == GL_CONDITION_SATISFIED) return true;
+                        if (status == GL_TIMEOUT_EXPIRED) {
+                            MGLOG_E("Shared images: the submitted work did not complete within 10 s");
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        // GL_WAIT_FAILED: glFinish is the same promise without the object.
+                    }
+                }
+                g_GLESFuncs.glFinish();
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            // How long a CPU wait on another session's fence may take before the order is given up
+            // on (logged): a session whose GPU work never completes must not wedge its peers.
+            constexpr Uint32 kFenceCpuWaitMs = 2000;
+
+            void CloseFd(int fd) {
+                if (fd >= 0) ::close(fd);
+            }
+
+            // The current context's LATER commands wait for `fence` (a sync_file) on the GPU; a CPU
+            // wait when the driver cannot. Takes ownership of `fence`: a native fence sync owns it
+            // from a successful create on, every other path closes it here.
+            void WaitForFenceBeforeLaterCommands(int fence) {
+                if (fence < 0) return;
+                const EntryPoints& entry = ResolvedEntryPoints();
+                if (entry.FencesUsable) {
+                    const EGLint attribs[] = {kEglSyncNativeFenceFdAndroid, fence, EGL_NONE};
+                    if (void* sync = entry.CreateSync(g_Display, kEglSyncNativeFenceAndroid, attribs)) {
+                        if (entry.WaitSync(g_Display, sync, 0) != EGL_TRUE) {
+                            constexpr Uint64 kWaitNs = Uint64{kFenceCpuWaitMs} * 1000 * 1000;
+                            if (entry.ClientWaitSync(g_Display, sync, 0, kWaitNs) != kEglConditionSatisfiedKhr) {
+                                MGLOG_E_ONCE("Shared images: a peer session's fence could not be waited for");
+                            }
+                        }
+                        // A pending server wait keeps the sync alive past this (EGL_KHR_wait_sync).
+                        entry.DestroySync(g_Display, sync);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!SI::SyncFile::Wait(fence, kFenceCpuWaitMs)) {
+                    MGLOG_E_ONCE("Shared images: a peer session's fence did not signal within %u ms",
+                                 static_cast<unsigned>(kFenceCpuWaitMs));
+                }
+                CloseFd(fence);
+            }
+
+            // A sync_file for everything the current context has submitted so far (flushed, so it
+            // will signal), in `*fence`. False when the driver cannot export one; the caller then
+            // waits on the CPU and publishes -1.
+            Bool ExportFence(int* fence) {
+                *fence = -1;
+                const EntryPoints& entry = ResolvedEntryPoints();
+                if (!entry.FencesUsable) return false;
+                const EGLint attribs[] = {EGL_NONE};
+                void* sync = entry.CreateSync(g_Display, kEglSyncNativeFenceAndroid, attribs);
+                if (sync == nullptr) return false;
+                // The fence has no descriptor until its command reaches the driver's queue.
+                g_GLESFuncs.glFlush();
+                const EGLint fd = entry.DupNativeFenceFd(g_Display, sync);
+                entry.DestroySync(g_Display, sync);
+                if (fd < 0) return false;
+                *fence = fd;
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            // ONE READ FRAME PER SESSION: what the session has sampled since its last frame
+            // boundary. A session is served by exactly one apply thread, so the thread owns it -
+            // nothing about it is process-wide, and a session's end (its thread's) drops it. `Id`
+            // is drawn from one counter across all sessions and renewed at every boundary, so an
+            // EglImage's NotedFrame is a once-per-frame gate no other session's frame can match.
+            struct ReadFrame {
+                Uint64 Id = 0;
+                SI::ReadTracker Tracker;
+                // The session ends frames at publishing flushes (PublishPendingAccesses): it writes
+                // images, so its first use of one in a frame waits for that image's pending reads.
+                Bool ImplicitSync = false;
+                // When a YUV image is converted again (ConvertYuvForSampling): renewed at EVERY
+                // boundary - present, publishing flush, and each native fence whatever the session
+                // is - since an offscreen producer (a browser's GPU process) may have no other.
+                Uint64 YuvEpoch = 0;
+            };
+            std::atomic<Uint64> g_readFrameIds{0};
+
+            ReadFrame& CurrentReadFrame() {
+                thread_local ReadFrame frame;
+                if (frame.Id == 0) frame.Id = g_readFrameIds.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed) + 1;
+                if (frame.YuvEpoch == 0) frame.YuvEpoch = g_readFrameIds.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed) + 1;
+                return frame;
+            }
+
+            void RenewYuvEpoch(ReadFrame& frame) {
+                frame.YuvEpoch = g_readFrameIds.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed) + 1;
+            }
+        } // namespace
+
+        void AcquireForSampling(const EglImageRef& image) {
+            if (image == nullptr || image->Image == nullptr) return;
+            EglImage& state = *image;
+            // Steady state: one lock and a compare (the write fence, once signaled, is dropped by
+            // the registry and nothing is duplicated any more).
+            Uint64 generation = 0;
+            int fence = SI::DupWriteFence(*state.Image, &generation);
+            const Uint64 context = CurrentNativeContextSerial();
+            if (generation != state.WaitedGeneration || context != state.WaitedContext) {
+                state.WaitedGeneration = generation;
+                state.WaitedContext = context;
+                WaitForFenceBeforeLaterCommands(fence);
+                fence = -1;
+            }
+            CloseFd(fence);
+            ReadFrame& frame = CurrentReadFrame();
+            if (state.NotedFrame != frame.Id) {
+                // A session that renders into images (it ends frames with a publishing flush) may be
+                // about to overwrite this one: what other sessions still sample goes first.
+                if (frame.ImplicitSync) {
+                    for (const int read : SI::DupPendingReadFences(*state.Image))
+                        WaitForFenceBeforeLaterCommands(read);
+                }
+                frame.Tracker.NoteRead(state.Image);
+                state.NotedFrame = frame.Id;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Bool IsYuv(const EglImageRef& image) {
+            return image != nullptr && image->Image != nullptr && SI::FourccIsYuv(image->Image->Fourcc);
+        }
+
+        namespace {
+            // THE CONVERSION PASS: one triangle over the texture, sampling the image through an
+            // external texture. Programs are the share group's and rebuilt with a new context
+            // generation; the framebuffer and vertex array are per context (never shared).
+            struct YuvConversion {
+                Uint ContextGeneration = ~0u;
+                GLuint ExternalProgram = 0; // the driver's conversion (samplerExternalOES)
+                GLuint TargetProgram = 0;   // the import's own (GL_EXT_YUV_target)
+                GLint TargetMatrix = -1;
+                GLint TargetOffset = -1;
+                Bool Failed = false;
+                NativeContextName Framebuffer;
+                NativeContextName VertexArray;
+            };
+            YuvConversion& Conversion() {
+                static auto* conversion = new YuvConversion();
+                return *conversion;
+            }
+
+            constexpr const char* kYuvVertexSource =
+                "#version 300 es\n"
+                "out vec2 vUv;\n"
+                "void main() {\n"
+                "    vec2 p = vec2(float((gl_VertexID << 1) & 2), float(gl_VertexID & 2));\n"
+                "    gl_Position = vec4(p * 2.0 - 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);\n"
+                "    vUv = p;\n"
+                "}\n";
+            constexpr const char* kYuvExternalFragmentSource =
+                "#version 300 es\n"
+                "#extension GL_OES_EGL_image_external_essl3 : require\n"
+                "precision highp float;\n"
+                "uniform samplerExternalOES uSource;\n"
+                "in vec2 vUv;\n"
+                "out vec4 oColor;\n"
+                "void main() { oColor = vec4(texture(uSource, vUv).rgb, 1.0); }\n";
+            constexpr const char* kYuvTargetFragmentSource =
+                "#version 300 es\n"
+                "#extension GL_EXT_YUV_target : require\n"
+                "precision highp float;\n"
+                "uniform __samplerExternal2DY2YEXT uSource;\n"
+                "uniform mat3 uMatrix;\n"
+                "uniform vec3 uOffset;\n"
+                "in vec2 vUv;\n"
+                "out vec4 oColor;\n"
+                "void main() {\n"
+                "    vec3 ycbcr = texture(uSource, vUv).xyz;\n"
+                "    oColor = vec4(clamp(uMatrix * (ycbcr - uOffset), 0.0, 1.0), 1.0);\n"
+                "}\n";
+
+            GLuint BuildYuvProgram(const char* fragmentSource) {
+                const GLuint vertexShader = g_GLESFuncs.glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
+                const GLuint fragmentShader = g_GLESFuncs.glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
+                GLint linked = GL_FALSE;
+                GLuint program = 0;
+                if (vertexShader != 0 && fragmentShader != 0) {
+                    g_GLESFuncs.glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &kYuvVertexSource, nullptr);
+                    g_GLESFuncs.glCompileShader(vertexShader);
+                    g_GLESFuncs.glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentSource, nullptr);
+                    g_GLESFuncs.glCompileShader(fragmentShader);
+                    program = g_GLESFuncs.glCreateProgram();
+                    if (program != 0) {
+                        g_GLESFuncs.glAttachShader(program, vertexShader);
+                        g_GLESFuncs.glAttachShader(program, fragmentShader);
+                        g_GLESFuncs.glLinkProgram(program);
+                        g_GLESFuncs.glGetProgramiv(program, GL_LINK_STATUS, &linked);
+                    }
+                }
+                if (vertexShader != 0) g_GLESFuncs.glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
+                if (fragmentShader != 0) g_GLESFuncs.glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);
+                if (linked != GL_TRUE) {
+                    if (program != 0) g_GLESFuncs.glDeleteProgram(program);
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                return program;
+            }
+
+            // MOBILEGL_YUV_DRIVER_CONVERSION=1: always the driver's conversion (samplerExternalOES),
+            // even where GL_EXT_YUV_target would let the import's hints decide.
+            Bool DriverConversionForced() {
+                static const Bool forced = [] {
+                    const char* value = std::getenv("MOBILEGL_YUV_DRIVER_CONVERSION");
+                    return value != nullptr && value[0] == '1';
+                }();
+                return forced;
+            }
+        } // namespace
+
+        void ConvertYuvForSampling(const EglImageRef& image, GLuint target, Uint32 width, Uint32 height) {
+            if (!IsYuv(image) || target == 0 || width == 0 || height == 0) return;
+            EglImage& state = *image;
+            ReadFrame& frame = CurrentReadFrame();
+            if (state.ConvertedFrame == frame.YuvEpoch) return;
+            // Whatever happens below, this frame does not try again.
+            state.ConvertedFrame = frame.YuvEpoch;
+            const EntryPoints& entry = ResolvedEntryPoints();
+            if (!entry.Usable || !entry.ExternalEssl3) {
+                MGLOG_E_ONCE("Shared images: a YUV image cannot be sampled here (%s)",
+                             entry.Usable ? "no GL_OES_EGL_image_external_essl3" : entry.Why.c_str());
+                return;
+            }
+            // THE CPU-COPY FALLBACK, for a buffer this server did not allocate (SharedImageRegistry.h).
+            String why;
+            if (state.Image->IsForeign() && !SI::RefreshForeign(*state.Image, why)) {
+                MGLOG_E_ONCE("Shared images: foreign YUV image %llu could not be refreshed: %s",
+                             static_cast<unsigned long long>(state.Image->Id), why.c_str());
+            }
+
+            YuvConversion& conversion = Conversion();
+            if (conversion.ContextGeneration != g_backendContextGeneration) {
+                conversion.ExternalProgram = 0;
+                conversion.TargetProgram = 0;
+                conversion.TargetMatrix = conversion.TargetOffset = -1;
+                conversion.Failed = false;
+                conversion.ContextGeneration = g_backendContextGeneration;
+            }
+            if (conversion.Failed) return;
+            const Bool ownConversion = entry.YuvTarget && !DriverConversionForced();
+            GLuint& program = ownConversion ? conversion.TargetProgram : conversion.ExternalProgram;
+            if (program == 0) {
+                program = BuildYuvProgram(ownConversion ? kYuvTargetFragmentSource : kYuvExternalFragmentSource);
+                if (program == 0) {
+                    conversion.Failed = true;
+                    MGLOG_E_ONCE("Shared images: the YUV conversion program could not be built");
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (ownConversion) {
+                    conversion.TargetMatrix = g_GLESFuncs.glGetUniformLocation(program, "uMatrix");
+                    conversion.TargetOffset = g_GLESFuncs.glGetUniformLocation(program, "uOffset");
+                }
+                MGLOG_I("Shared images: YUV images convert through %s",
+                        ownConversion ? "GL_EXT_YUV_target with the import's colour hints"
+                                      : "the driver's external-sampler conversion");
+            }
+            if (conversion.Framebuffer == 0) g_GLESFuncs.glGenFramebuffers(1, &conversion.Framebuffer);
+            if (conversion.VertexArray == 0) g_GLESFuncs.glGenVertexArrays(1, &conversion.VertexArray);
+            if (conversion.Framebuffer == 0 || conversion.VertexArray == 0) return;
+
+            // Every binding goes through Espryt's shadows or a guard that puts it back.
+            ScopedEmulationDrawState drawState; // also activates TextureImpl::TempTextureUnit
+            ScopedFramebufferBinding binding(/*saveRead=*/false, /*saveDraw=*/true);
+            DrainErrors();
+            if (state.ExternalTexture == 0) {
+                g_GLESFuncs.glGenTextures(1, &state.ExternalTexture);
+                g_GLESFuncs.glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, state.ExternalTexture);
+                entry.TargetTexture2D(GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, state.Handle);
+                g_GLESFuncs.glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+                g_GLESFuncs.glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+                g_GLESFuncs.glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+                g_GLESFuncs.glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+                const GLenum error = g_GLESFuncs.glGetError();
+                if (error != GL_NO_ERROR) {
+                    MGLOG_E_ONCE("Shared images: YUV image %llu cannot be bound as an external texture (0x%04x)",
+                                 static_cast<unsigned long long>(state.Image->Id), static_cast<unsigned>(error));
+                }
+            } else {
+                g_GLESFuncs.glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, state.ExternalTexture);
+            }
+            FramebufferImpl::BindFramebufferId(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, conversion.Framebuffer);
+            g_GLESFuncs.glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D, target, 0);
+            const GLenum status = g_GLESFuncs.glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER);
+            if (status == GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE) {
+                VertexArrayImpl::BindBackendVAOId(conversion.VertexArray);
+                g_GLESFuncs.glUseProgram(program);
+                g_GLESFuncs.glUniform1i(g_GLESFuncs.glGetUniformLocation(program, "uSource"),
+                                        static_cast<GLint>(TextureImpl::TempTextureUnit));
+                if (ownConversion) {
+                    // A Y2Y sample is the stored code normalized as the format stores it: 8 bits, or
+                    // P010's 10 in the high end of 16.
+                    const double sampleMax = state.Image->Fourcc == SI::kFourccP010 ? 65535.0 / 64.0 : 255.0;
+                    const auto c = SI::Yuv::ConversionFor(SI::GetYuvHints(*state.Image), sampleMax);
+                    g_GLESFuncs.glUniformMatrix3fv(conversion.TargetMatrix, 1, GL_FALSE, c.Matrix);
+                    g_GLESFuncs.glUniform3fv(conversion.TargetOffset, 1, c.Offset);
+                }
+                g_GLESFuncs.glViewport(0, 0, static_cast<GLsizei>(width), static_cast<GLsizei>(height));
+                g_GLESFuncs.glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
+                const GLenum error = g_GLESFuncs.glGetError();
+                if (error != GL_NO_ERROR) {
+                    MGLOG_E_ONCE("Shared images: the YUV conversion draw failed (0x%04x)",
+                                 static_cast<unsigned>(error));
+                }
+            } else {
+                MGLOG_E_ONCE("Shared images: a YUV conversion target is not renderable (0x%04x)",
+                             static_cast<unsigned>(status));
+            }
+            g_GLESFuncs.glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0);
+            g_GLESFuncs.glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, 0);
+        }
+
+        Bool PublishPendingAccesses() {
+            ReadFrame& frame = CurrentReadFrame();
+            frame.ImplicitSync = true;
+            RenewYuvEpoch(frame);
+            // Sub-data waiting for a sync that nothing of this session would otherwise trigger.
+            if (t_native.boundContext != EGL_NO_CONTEXT) TextureImpl::WritePendingSharedImageUploads();
+            if (frame.Tracker.Pending() == 0) return true;
+            int fence = -1;
+            if (t_native.boundContext != EGL_NO_CONTEXT && !ExportFence(&fence)) {
+                // No fence to publish: the work is waited out here, and published as completed.
+                (void)WaitForCompletion();
+            }
+            frame.Tracker.PublishFrameAsWrite(fence);
+            frame.Id = g_readFrameIds.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed) + 1;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        Bool ExportNativeFence(int* fence) {
+            *fence = -1;
+            ReadFrame& frame = CurrentReadFrame();
+            RenewYuvEpoch(frame);
+            // No context current: nothing of this session is in flight to fence.
+            if (t_native.boundContext == EGL_NO_CONTEXT) return true;
+            TextureImpl::WritePendingSharedImageUploads();
+            int exported = -1;
+            if (!ExportFence(&exported)) {
+                // No descriptor to give: the work is waited out, so the caller may report it done.
+                exported = -1;
+                (void)WaitForCompletion();
+            }
+            // A session that writes images (one that ends frames at flushes) ends one here too; a
+            // compositor's reads stay for its swap, which comes after the fence's work anyway.
+            if (frame.ImplicitSync && frame.Tracker.Pending() != 0) {
+                frame.Tracker.PublishFrameAsWrite(exported >= 0 ? ::dup(exported) : -1);
+                frame.Id = g_readFrameIds.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed) + 1;
+            }
+            *fence = exported;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        void PublishPendingReads() {
+            ReadFrame& frame = CurrentReadFrame();
+            RenewYuvEpoch(frame);
+            if (frame.Tracker.Pending() == 0) return;
+            int fence = -1;
+            // No context current: the reads' context is gone (and its work with it), and there is
+            // nothing to fence or wait from - the frame is only forgotten.
+            if (t_native.boundContext != EGL_NO_CONTEXT && !ExportFence(&fence)) {
+                // FALLBACK: there is no fence to hand a writer, so the frame's reads are waited out
+                // here instead - once this session moves on (and, say, releases the buffer to its
+                // producer), nothing it submitted still samples the image.
+                (void)WaitForCompletion();
+            }
+            // A session that writes images publishes every boundary as a write: an image it rendered
+            // into must not leave the frame without its generation moving.
+            if (frame.ImplicitSync)
+                frame.Tracker.PublishFrameAsWrite(fence);
+            else
+                frame.Tracker.PublishFrame(fence);
+            frame.Id = g_readFrameIds.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed) + 1;
+        }
+
+        Bool BlitDefaultFramebufferTo(const SharedImageView& view, const MG_Util::Damage::Region& region) {
+            if (view.Id == 0 || view.Width == 0 || view.Height == 0 || view.NativeBuffer == nullptr) return false;
+            if (!IsBackendContextCurrentOnThisThread()) {
+                MGLOG_E_ONCE("Shared image present: no backend context is current on the calling thread");
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (LatchIfDeviceLost("shared-image-present")) return false;
+            const EGLSurface surface = CurrentContextDrawSurface();
+            EGLint sourceWidth = 0;
+            EGLint sourceHeight = 0;
+            if (surface == EGL_NO_SURFACE || !g_EGLFuncs.eglQuerySurface ||
+                !g_EGLFuncs.eglQuerySurface(g_Display, surface, EGL_WIDTH, &sourceWidth) ||
+                !g_EGLFuncs.eglQuerySurface(g_Display, surface, EGL_HEIGHT, &sourceHeight) || sourceWidth <= 0 ||
+                sourceHeight <= 0) {
+                MGLOG_E_ONCE("Shared image present: the current context has no default framebuffer to copy");
+                return false;
+            }
+            const SI::ImageRef image = SI::Find(view.Id);
+            if (image == nullptr) {
+                MGLOG_E_ONCE("Shared image present: image %llu is no longer live",
+                             static_cast<unsigned long long>(view.Id));
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // WRITE AFTER READ: the frames that still sample the image finish before the copy
+            // overwrites it - queued on this context's GPU timeline, or waited out on the CPU when
+            // the driver has no fence to queue. Outside the targets' lock, which every session's
+            // present takes.
+            if (ResolvedEntryPoints().FencesUsable) {
+                for (const int fence : SI::DupPendingReadFences(*image))
+                    WaitForFenceBeforeLaterCommands(fence);
+            } else if (!SI::WaitForReads(*image, kFenceCpuWaitMs)) {
+                MGLOG_E_ONCE("Shared image present: image %llu's readers did not finish within %u ms",
+                             static_cast<unsigned long long>(view.Id), static_cast<unsigned>(kFenceCpuWaitMs));
+            }
+
+            Bool copied = false;
+            {
+                auto& targets = Targets();
+                const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(targets.Mutex);
+                PruneLocked(targets);
+                auto it = targets.ById.find(view.Id);
+                if (it != targets.ById.end() && it->second.Image->Image->Native != view.NativeBuffer) {
+                    DeleteTarget(it->second);
+                    targets.ById.erase(it);
+                    it = targets.ById.end();
+                }
+                if (it == targets.ById.end()) {
+                    String why;
+                    PresentTarget target;
+                    target.Image = CreateEglImage(view.Id, why);
+                    if (target.Image != nullptr) target.Renderbuffer = MakeRenderbuffer(*target.Image, why);
+                    if (target.Renderbuffer == 0) {
+                        MGLOG_E_ONCE("Shared image present: image %llu cannot be rendered to: %s",
+                                     static_cast<unsigned long long>(view.Id), why.c_str());
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    while (targets.ById.size() >= kMaxPresentTargets) {
+                        auto oldest = targets.ById.begin();
+                        for (auto candidate = targets.ById.begin(); candidate != targets.ById.end(); ++candidate) {
+                            if (candidate->second.LastUse < oldest->second.LastUse) oldest = candidate;
+                        }
+                        DeleteTarget(oldest->second);
+                        targets.ById.erase(oldest);
+                    }
+                    it = targets.ById.emplace(view.Id, std::move(target)).first;
+                }
+                it->second.LastUse = ++targets.UseClock;
+                // A target written before keeps what it was given; one new to this process is
+                // copied whole whatever the client asked (it cannot know the image's history here).
+                const Bool wholeTarget = !it->second.Written;
+                it->second.Written = true;
+
+                GLuint& framebuffer = g_presentFramebuffers.Current();
+                if (framebuffer == 0) g_GLESFuncs.glGenFramebuffers(1, &framebuffer);
+                if (framebuffer == 0) {
+                    MGLOG_E_ONCE("Shared image present: glGenFramebuffers gave no name");
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                // Every binding goes through Espryt's shadows (BindFramebufferId, the scissor test's
+                // render-state shadow) and is put back by the guards, so the application's state and
+                // the caches that describe it are what they were. A blit is scissored like a draw.
+                ScopedScissorDisable scissorOff;
+                ScopedFramebufferBinding binding(/*saveRead=*/true, /*saveDraw=*/true);
+                FramebufferImpl::BindFramebufferId(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
+                FramebufferImpl::BindFramebufferId(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, framebuffer);
+                g_GLESFuncs.glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_RENDERBUFFER,
+                                                      it->second.Renderbuffer);
+                const GLenum status = g_GLESFuncs.glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER);
+                if (status == GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE) {
+                    // The default framebuffer's read buffer is context state the application may
+                    // have set to GL_NONE; the copy reads the back buffer either way.
+                    GLint readBuffer = GL_BACK;
+                    g_GLESFuncs.glGetIntegerv(GL_READ_BUFFER, &readBuffer);
+                    if (readBuffer != GL_BACK) g_GLESFuncs.glReadBuffer(GL_BACK);
+                    DrainErrors();
+                    const Bool sameExtent = static_cast<Uint32>(sourceWidth) == view.Width &&
+                                            static_cast<Uint32>(sourceHeight) == view.Height;
+                    // TOP ROW FIRST: GL's top row (y = height - 1) lands in the image's first memory
+                    // row, which an AHardwareBuffer-backed renderbuffer addresses as y = 0.
+                    //
+                    // Only where the image differs from the frame: the client keeps, per image, the
+                    // damage it missed (BufferDamageTracker), and a partial blit keeps the rest of
+                    // the renderbuffer as GL promises (checked texel for texel against the frame on
+                    // Adreno). What once left old texels around the rectangles was the scissor
+                    // guard above trusting another session's shadow: the copy was clipped, and
+                    // the missed-damage bookkeeping then never brought those texels over again.
+                    if (sameExtent && !wholeTarget && !region.IsFull()) {
+                        // Each rectangle flipped the same way (an empty region copies nothing: the
+                        // image already is the frame).
+                        for (const MG_Util::Damage::FlippedCopy& copy :
+                             MG_Util::Damage::FlippedCopies(region, sourceWidth, sourceHeight)) {
+                            const MG_Util::Damage::Rect& from = copy.Source;
+                            const MG_Util::Damage::Rect& to = copy.Destination;
+                            g_GLESFuncs.glBlitFramebuffer(from.X, from.Y, from.X + from.Width, from.Y + from.Height,
+                                                          to.X, to.Y + to.Height, to.X + to.Width, to.Y,
+                                                          GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT, GL_NEAREST);
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        g_GLESFuncs.glBlitFramebuffer(0, 0, sourceWidth, sourceHeight, 0,
+                                                      static_cast<GLint>(view.Height), static_cast<GLint>(view.Width),
+                                                      0, GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT, sameExtent ? GL_NEAREST : GL_LINEAR);
+                    }
+                    const GLenum error = g_GLESFuncs.glGetError();
+                    copied = error == GL_NO_ERROR;
+                    if (readBuffer != GL_BACK) g_GLESFuncs.glReadBuffer(static_cast<GLenum>(readBuffer));
+                    if (!copied) {
+                        MGLOG_E_ONCE("Shared image present: glBlitFramebuffer %dx%d -> %ux%u failed (0x%04x)",
+                                     sourceWidth, sourceHeight, view.Width, view.Height, static_cast<unsigned>(error));
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    MGLOG_E_ONCE("Shared image present: image %llu's framebuffer is incomplete (0x%04x)",
+                                 static_cast<unsigned long long>(view.Id), static_cast<unsigned>(status));
+                }
+                g_GLESFuncs.glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_RENDERBUFFER, 0);
+            }
+            if (!copied) return false;
+
+            // The copy's completion goes to the readers as a fence and the present returns at once;
+            // a reader that binds the image waits for it on its own GPU. Without fence export the
+            // copy is waited out here and published as already complete.
+            int fence = -1;
+            if (!ExportFence(&fence) && !WaitForCompletion()) return false;
+            SI::PublishWrite(*image, fence);
+            // A session that samples images and presents into one (a nested compositor) closes its
+            // read frame here too.
+            PublishPendingReads();
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        void ForgetPresentTargetsAfterTerminate() {
+            auto& targets = Targets();
+            const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(targets.Mutex);
+            // TargetIsCurrent is already false for every entry, so nothing reaches the driver.
+            for (auto& entry : targets.ById)
+                DeleteTarget(entry.second);
+            targets.ById.clear();
+        }
+#else
+        EglImageRef CreateEglImage(Uint64 id, String& why) {
+            (void)id;
+            why = "shared images are imported through AHardwareBuffer, which only Android has";
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        Bool TargetBoundTexture2D(const EglImageRef& image) {
+            (void)image;
+            return false;
+        }
+        Bool BlitDefaultFramebufferTo(const SharedImageView& view, const MG_Util::Damage::Region& region) {
+            (void)view, (void)region;
+            return false;
+        }
+        void AcquireForSampling(const EglImageRef& image) {
+            (void)image;
+        }
+
+        Bool IsYuv(const EglImageRef& image) {
+            (void)image;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        void ConvertYuvForSampling(const EglImageRef& image, GLuint target, Uint32 width, Uint32 height) {
+            (void)image, (void)target, (void)width, (void)height;
+        }
+        void PublishPendingReads() {}
+        Bool PublishPendingAccesses() {
+            return true;
+        }
+        Bool ExportNativeFence(int* fence) {
+            *fence = -1;
+            return true;
+        }
+        void ForgetPresentTargetsAfterTerminate() {}
+#endif
+    } // namespace SharedImageImpl
+#endif
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES
@@ -0,0 +1,682 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/DirectGLESSync.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#include "DirectGLESInternal.h"
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
+    namespace {
+        // Backend fence handle: a native ES sync plus the ES context
+        // generation it was created under.
+        struct GLESSyncObject {
+            GLsync esSync = nullptr;
+            Uint contextGeneration = 0;
+        };
+
+        // Backend timer-query handle: a native GL query object name plus the
+        // ES context generation it was created under. Stale-generation
+        // handles read as available with a zero result, and deleting them
+        // only frees the wrapper (the dead ES context already reclaimed the
+        // query object).
+        struct GLESQueryObject {
+            GLuint queryId = 0;
+            Uint contextGeneration = 0;
+            // Non-zero for the core (non-timer) query targets - occlusion and transform
+            // feedback primitives - and then holds the glBeginQuery target, which glEndQuery
+            // needs back. Their results are counts reachable only through the core
+            // glGetQueryObjectuiv getter: GL_EXT_disjoint_timer_query's 64-bit
+            // glGetQueryObjectui64vEXT is timer-specific and may be entirely absent on
+            // drivers that otherwise fully support these core ES queries.
+            GLenum coreTarget = 0;
+        };
+    } // namespace
+    // EGL ground-truth verification stamp. glvnd's eglGetCurrentContext performs
+    // fork detection with a real getpid() syscall on every call, and this
+    // predicate sits 2-3 deep in every draw - measured at 16% of the render
+    // thread on a live workload. NOT thread_local although the stamp is
+    // per-owner-thread state: a shared-library thread_local costs a
+    // __tls_get_addr call per access, which itself showed at 1.5% of the draw
+    // loop. Plain globals are equivalent because only the thread that passes the
+    // owner-identity check below can ever stamp or trust them, only one thread
+    // can be the owner at a time, and the ONLY writers of the owner id -
+    // MakeCurrent/ReleaseCurrent - reset the stamps before publishing a new
+    // owner, so a stamp can never leak across an ownership change. Atomics
+    // (relaxed) because the resets may come from a non-owner thread; the
+    // owner-id release/acquire pairing orders them.
+    std::atomic<Uint64> g_eglVerifiedFrameSerial{~0ull};
+    std::atomic<Uint> g_eglVerifiedContextGeneration{0};
+
+    Bool IsBackendContextCurrentOnThisThread() {
+        const NativeContextTuple& tuple = ActiveNativeContext();
+        if (tuple.Context == EGL_NO_CONTEXT) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (g_backendContextOwnerThread.load(std::memory_order_acquire) != std::this_thread::get_id()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Belt and braces: EGL itself is the ground truth. A migration that bypassed
+        // MakeCurrent()/ReleaseCurrent() must not leave a stale ownership claim
+        // standing, or GL calls would silently no-op while shadow bookkeeping (bind
+        // cache, synced serials) still advances. Re-verify once per (frame, context
+        // generation) rather than per call: an external migration is caught at the
+        // next frame boundary instead of the next call, which recovers the
+        // bookkeeping just the same, without paying a syscall on every draw.
+        const Uint64 frameSerial = g_currentFrameSerial.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+        if (g_eglVerifiedFrameSerial.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == frameSerial &&
+            g_eglVerifiedContextGeneration.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == g_syncContextGeneration) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (g_EGLFuncs.eglGetCurrentContext && g_EGLFuncs.eglGetCurrentContext() != tuple.Context) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        g_eglVerifiedFrameSerial.store(frameSerial, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+        g_eglVerifiedContextGeneration.store(g_syncContextGeneration, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    BackendSyncHandle FenceSync() {
+        // ES fences can only be created on the thread that owns the ES context
+        // (Flywheel and friends fence on the render thread, which does).
+        // Returning null makes the frontend fall back to an always-signaled
+        // sync object.
+        if (!IsBackendContextCurrentOnThisThread() || !g_GLESFuncs.glFenceSync) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        GLsync esSync = g_GLESFuncs.glFenceSync(GL_SYNC_GPU_COMMANDS_COMPLETE, 0);
+        if (esSync == nullptr) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        return new GLESSyncObject{esSync, g_syncContextGeneration};
+    }
+
+    GLenum ClientWaitSync(BackendSyncHandle handle, GLbitfield flags, GLuint64 timeout) {
+        const auto* sync = static_cast<GLESSyncObject*>(handle);
+        if (sync == nullptr) {
+            return GL_ALREADY_SIGNALED;
+        }
+        // The creating ES context is gone: its GPU work either completed or
+        // died with the context; waiting is meaningless either way.
+        if (sync->contextGeneration != g_syncContextGeneration) {
+            return GL_ALREADY_SIGNALED;
+        }
+        // Degraded path: a thread that does not own the ES context cannot
+        // issue GL calls, so report signaled instead of blocking on state we
+        // cannot observe. Fence waits normally arrive on the render thread,
+        // which owns the context.
+        if (!IsBackendContextCurrentOnThisThread() || !g_GLESFuncs.glClientWaitSync) {
+            return GL_ALREADY_SIGNALED;
+        }
+        return g_GLESFuncs.glClientWaitSync(sync->esSync, flags & GL_SYNC_FLUSH_COMMANDS_BIT, timeout);
+    }
+
+    void WaitSync(BackendSyncHandle handle, GLbitfield flags, GLuint64 timeout) {
+        (void)flags;
+        (void)timeout;
+        const auto* sync = static_cast<GLESSyncObject*>(handle);
+        if (sync == nullptr || sync->contextGeneration != g_syncContextGeneration ||
+            !IsBackendContextCurrentOnThisThread() || !g_GLESFuncs.glWaitSync) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // ES 3.0 requires flags == 0 and timeout == GL_TIMEOUT_IGNORED.
+        g_GLESFuncs.glWaitSync(sync->esSync, 0, GL_TIMEOUT_IGNORED);
+    }
+
+    void DeleteSync(BackendSyncHandle handle) {
+        auto* sync = static_cast<GLESSyncObject*>(handle);
+        if (sync == nullptr) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (sync->contextGeneration == g_syncContextGeneration && IsBackendContextCurrentOnThisThread() &&
+            g_GLESFuncs.glDeleteSync) {
+            g_GLESFuncs.glDeleteSync(sync->esSync);
+        }
+        // Otherwise the ES sync is abandoned; the ES context reclaims all of
+        // its sync objects when it is destroyed.
+        delete sync;
+    }
+
+    Bool GetSyncStatus(BackendSyncHandle handle) {
+        const auto* sync = static_cast<GLESSyncObject*>(handle);
+        if (sync == nullptr || sync->contextGeneration != g_syncContextGeneration ||
+            !IsBackendContextCurrentOnThisThread() || !g_GLESFuncs.glGetSynciv) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        GLint status = GL_SIGNALED;
+        GLsizei length = 0;
+        g_GLESFuncs.glGetSynciv(sync->esSync, GL_SYNC_STATUS, 1, &length, &status);
+        return status == GL_SIGNALED;
+    }
+
+    // GL timer queries, backed by GL_EXT_disjoint_timer_query. The desktop
+    // tokens from glext.h are used throughout: GL_TIME_ELAPSED (0x88BF),
+    // GL_TIMESTAMP (0x8E28), GL_QUERY_RESULT (0x8866) and
+    // GL_QUERY_RESULT_AVAILABLE (0x8867) are numerically identical to their
+    // _EXT counterparts.
+
+    Bool AreTimerQueriesSupported() {
+        return g_GLESCapabilities.SupportsDisjointTimerQuery && g_GLESFuncs.glGenQueries &&
+               g_GLESFuncs.glDeleteQueries && g_GLESFuncs.glBeginQuery && g_GLESFuncs.glEndQuery &&
+               g_GLESFuncs.glGetQueryObjectuiv && g_GLESFuncs.glQueryCounterEXT && g_GLESFuncs.glGetQueryObjectui64vEXT;
+    }
+
+    namespace {
+        // The entry point the resolved tier's support ships, or null when there is none.
+        MG_External::GLES::glTexBuffer_PTR ResolveTexBufferEntryPoint() {
+            using Tier = MG_External::GLESCapabilities::TextureBufferTier;
+            switch (g_GLESCapabilities.TextureBufferSupport) {
+            case Tier::ExtensionEXT:
+                return g_GLESFuncs.glTexBufferEXT ? g_GLESFuncs.glTexBufferEXT : g_GLESFuncs.glTexBuffer;
+            case Tier::ExtensionOES:
+                return g_GLESFuncs.glTexBufferOES ? g_GLESFuncs.glTexBufferOES : g_GLESFuncs.glTexBuffer;
+            case Tier::CoreEs32:
+                return g_GLESFuncs.glTexBuffer;
+            case Tier::None:
+            default:
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+        }
+
+        MG_External::GLES::glTexBufferRange_PTR ResolveTexBufferRangeEntryPoint() {
+            using Tier = MG_External::GLESCapabilities::TextureBufferTier;
+            switch (g_GLESCapabilities.TextureBufferSupport) {
+            case Tier::ExtensionEXT:
+                return g_GLESFuncs.glTexBufferRangeEXT ? g_GLESFuncs.glTexBufferRangeEXT : g_GLESFuncs.glTexBufferRange;
+            case Tier::ExtensionOES:
+                return g_GLESFuncs.glTexBufferRangeOES ? g_GLESFuncs.glTexBufferRangeOES : g_GLESFuncs.glTexBufferRange;
+            case Tier::CoreEs32:
+                return g_GLESFuncs.glTexBufferRange;
+            case Tier::None:
+            default:
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+        }
+    } // namespace
+
+    Bool AreBufferTexturesSupported() {
+        // Both halves matter. The tier is what the driver ADVERTISES, and it is only meaningful
+        // once the capabilities have been filled in; the resolved pointer is what MobileGL can
+        // actually call, through the spelling that tier's support ships. Gating on the
+        // unsuffixed name alone would call an entry point an EXT/OES driver never exported.
+        return g_GLESCapabilities.TextureBufferSupport != MG_External::GLESCapabilities::TextureBufferTier::None &&
+               ResolveTexBufferEntryPoint() != nullptr;
+    }
+
+    void CallTexBuffer(GLenum target, GLenum internalFormat, GLuint buffer) {
+        MG_External::GLES::glTexBuffer_PTR entryPoint = ResolveTexBufferEntryPoint();
+        if (entryPoint == nullptr) {
+            return;
+        }
+        entryPoint(target, internalFormat, buffer);
+    }
+
+    Bool CallTexBufferRange(GLenum target, GLenum internalFormat, GLuint buffer, GLintptr offset, GLsizeiptr size) {
+        MG_External::GLES::glTexBufferRange_PTR entryPoint = ResolveTexBufferRangeEntryPoint();
+        if (entryPoint == nullptr) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        entryPoint(target, internalFormat, buffer, offset, size);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    const char* GetBufferTextureTierName() {
+        using Tier = MG_External::GLESCapabilities::TextureBufferTier;
+        switch (g_GLESCapabilities.TextureBufferSupport) {
+        case Tier::CoreEs32:
+            return "core (ES 3.2)";
+        case Tier::ExtensionEXT:
+            return "GL_EXT_texture_buffer";
+        case Tier::ExtensionOES:
+            return "GL_OES_texture_buffer";
+        case Tier::None:
+        default:
+            return "unsupported";
+        }
+    }
+
+    BackendQueryHandle BeginTimeElapsedQuery() {
+        // Query objects can only be created on the thread that owns the ES
+        // context (MC's F3 profiler queries on the render thread, which
+        // does). Returning null makes the frontend fall back to an
+        // immediately available zero result.
+        if (!IsBackendContextCurrentOnThisThread() || !AreTimerQueriesSupported()) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        GLuint queryId = 0;
+        g_GLESFuncs.glGenQueries(1, &queryId);
+        if (queryId == 0) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        g_GLESFuncs.glBeginQuery(GL_TIME_ELAPSED, queryId);
+        return new GLESQueryObject{queryId, g_syncContextGeneration};
+    }
+
+    void EndTimeElapsedQuery(BackendQueryHandle handle) {
+        const auto* query = static_cast<GLESQueryObject*>(handle);
+        if (query == nullptr || query->contextGeneration != g_syncContextGeneration ||
+            !IsBackendContextCurrentOnThisThread() || !g_GLESFuncs.glEndQuery) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // ES tracks the active query per target, not per object, so the
+        // handle only guards the degraded paths above.
+        g_GLESFuncs.glEndQuery(GL_TIME_ELAPSED);
+    }
+
+    BackendQueryHandle QueryCounterTimestamp() {
+        if (!IsBackendContextCurrentOnThisThread() || !AreTimerQueriesSupported()) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        GLuint queryId = 0;
+        g_GLESFuncs.glGenQueries(1, &queryId);
+        if (queryId == 0) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        g_GLESFuncs.glQueryCounterEXT(queryId, GL_TIMESTAMP);
+        return new GLESQueryObject{queryId, g_syncContextGeneration};
+    }
+
+    // The core (non-timer) query targets - occlusion and transform feedback primitives.
+    // Unlike the timer queries above these are core ES (no GL_EXT_disjoint_timer_query
+    // needed), so they share one begin/end pair keyed on the glBeginQuery target.
+    static Bool AreCoreQueriesSupported() {
+        return g_GLESFuncs.glGenQueries && g_GLESFuncs.glDeleteQueries && g_GLESFuncs.glBeginQuery &&
+               g_GLESFuncs.glEndQuery && g_GLESFuncs.glGetQueryObjectuiv;
+    }
+
+    static BackendQueryHandle BeginCoreQuery(GLenum target) {
+        if (!IsBackendContextCurrentOnThisThread() || !AreCoreQueriesSupported()) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        GLuint queryId = 0;
+        g_GLESFuncs.glGenQueries(1, &queryId);
+        if (queryId == 0) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        g_GLESFuncs.glBeginQuery(target, queryId);
+        return new GLESQueryObject{queryId, g_syncContextGeneration, target};
+    }
+
+    static void EndCoreQuery(BackendQueryHandle handle) {
+        const auto* query = static_cast<GLESQueryObject*>(handle);
+        if (query == nullptr || query->coreTarget == 0 || query->contextGeneration != g_syncContextGeneration ||
+            !IsBackendContextCurrentOnThisThread() || !g_GLESFuncs.glEndQuery) {
+            return;
+        }
+        g_GLESFuncs.glEndQuery(query->coreTarget);
+    }
+
+    BackendQueryHandle BeginOcclusionQuery() {
+        // ES only implements the boolean ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED variant, not an exact
+        // GL_SAMPLES_PASSED count; the frontend already coerces ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED*
+        // targets to boolean, and desktop GL_SAMPLES_PASSED reads a 0/1 approximation.
+        return BeginCoreQuery(GL_ANY_SAMPLES_PASSED);
+    }
+
+    void EndOcclusionQuery(BackendQueryHandle handle) {
+        EndCoreQuery(handle);
+    }
+
+    // GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_PRIMITIVES_WRITTEN / GL_PRIMITIVES_GENERATED. The frontend
+    // otherwise counts primitives on the CPU from the draw calls, which cannot see a
+    // geometry shader's amplification; the real driver's counters are exact. Returning
+    // null keeps that CPU accounting as the fallback.
+    BackendQueryHandle BeginXfbPrimitivesQuery(Bool generated) {
+        // GL_PRIMITIVES_GENERATED is only a legal query target from ES 3.2 on (it comes
+        // with geometry shaders); issuing it earlier just leaves a stray GL_INVALID_ENUM
+        // that some later unrelated glGetError would report as its own failure.
+        if (generated && g_GLESCapabilities.GLESVersion.Major * 10 + g_GLESCapabilities.GLESVersion.Minor < 32) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        return BeginCoreQuery(generated ? GL_PRIMITIVES_GENERATED : GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_PRIMITIVES_WRITTEN);
+    }
+
+    void EndXfbPrimitivesQuery(BackendQueryHandle handle) {
+        EndCoreQuery(handle);
+    }
+
+    Bool IsQueryResultAvailable(BackendQueryHandle handle) {
+        const auto* query = static_cast<GLESQueryObject*>(handle);
+        // Null/stale handles report available so the frontend proceeds to
+        // GetQueryResult64, which finalizes them as zero. A thread that does
+        // not own the ES context also reports available: GetQueryResult64
+        // then returns false and the frontend keeps the handle for a later
+        // read from the owning thread.
+        if (query == nullptr || query->contextGeneration != g_syncContextGeneration ||
+            !IsBackendContextCurrentOnThisThread() || !g_GLESFuncs.glGetQueryObjectuiv) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        GLuint available = GL_FALSE;
+        g_GLESFuncs.glGetQueryObjectuiv(query->queryId, GL_QUERY_RESULT_AVAILABLE, &available);
+        return available != GL_FALSE;
+    }
+
+    Bool GetQueryResult64(BackendQueryHandle handle, Bool wait, Uint64* outNanoseconds) {
+        *outNanoseconds = 0;
+        const auto* query = static_cast<GLESQueryObject*>(handle);
+        // Null handles never had a GL query object, handles from a
+        // since-destroyed ES context lost theirs, and missing entry points
+        // can never produce a reading (belt and braces: the creators already
+        // require them): zero is the FINAL result in all three cases, so
+        // report it as produced and let the frontend cache it and release
+        // the handle.
+        if (query == nullptr || query->contextGeneration != g_syncContextGeneration ||
+            !g_GLESFuncs.glGetQueryObjectuiv || (query->coreTarget == 0 && !g_GLESFuncs.glGetQueryObjectui64vEXT)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        // A thread that does not own the ES context cannot issue GL calls,
+        // but the result still lands on the owning context eventually: report
+        // "not obtainable yet" so the frontend keeps the handle and a later
+        // availability poll / result read from the owning thread can still
+        // produce the real value.
+        if (!IsBackendContextCurrentOnThisThread()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (wait) {
+            // Reading GL_QUERY_RESULT blocks in the driver until the result
+            // lands, but only after the commands were flushed; flush once,
+            // then poll availability for a bounded ~100ms before dropping to
+            // a glFinish as the last resort (ClientWaitSync has no polling
+            // loop to mirror - it delegates its timeout to the driver, which
+            // a query-object read cannot do).
+            if (g_GLESFuncs.glFlush) {
+                g_GLESFuncs.glFlush();
+            }
+            constexpr Int kMaxAvailabilityPolls = 1000; // ~100ms at 100us per poll
+            GLuint available = GL_FALSE;
+            for (Int i = 0; i < kMaxAvailabilityPolls && available == GL_FALSE; ++i) {
+                g_GLESFuncs.glGetQueryObjectuiv(query->queryId, GL_QUERY_RESULT_AVAILABLE, &available);
+                if (available == GL_FALSE) {
+                    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::microseconds(100));
+                }
+            }
+            if (available == GL_FALSE && g_GLESFuncs.glFinish) {
+                g_GLESFuncs.glFinish();
+            }
+        }
+        // GL_EXT_disjoint_timer_query's GPU_DISJOINT_EXT signal is
+        // deliberately ignored: after a disjoint event (power state change,
+        // context switch) the result may be garbage, which is tolerable for
+        // an F3 GPU% readout, and consuming the latched flag here could hide
+        // the event from another observer.
+        if (query->coreTarget != 0) {
+            GLuint result32 = 0;
+            g_GLESFuncs.glGetQueryObjectuiv(query->queryId, GL_QUERY_RESULT, &result32);
+            *outNanoseconds = static_cast<Uint64>(result32);
+            return true;
+        }
+        GLuint64 result = 0;
+        g_GLESFuncs.glGetQueryObjectui64vEXT(query->queryId, GL_QUERY_RESULT, &result);
+        *outNanoseconds = static_cast<Uint64>(result);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void DeleteBackendQuery(BackendQueryHandle handle) {
+        auto* query = static_cast<GLESQueryObject*>(handle);
+        if (query == nullptr) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (query->contextGeneration == g_syncContextGeneration && IsBackendContextCurrentOnThisThread() &&
+            g_GLESFuncs.glDeleteQueries) {
+            g_GLESFuncs.glDeleteQueries(1, &query->queryId);
+        }
+        // Otherwise the GL query object is abandoned; the ES context reclaims
+        // all of its query objects when it is destroyed.
+        delete query;
+    }
+
+    Int64 GetGpuTimestampNs() {
+        // Synchronous GPU clock sample; 0 tells the frontend GL_TIMESTAMP
+        // getter to fall back.
+        if (!IsBackendContextCurrentOnThisThread() || !AreTimerQueriesSupported() || !g_GLESFuncs.glGetInteger64v) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        GLint64 timestamp = 0;
+        g_GLESFuncs.glGetInteger64v(GL_TIMESTAMP, &timestamp);
+        return static_cast<Int64>(timestamp);
+    }
+
+    Uint64 CurrentFrameSerial() {
+        return g_currentFrameSerial.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    }
+    Uint64 CompletedFrameSerial() {
+        return g_completedFrameSerial.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    }
+
+    namespace {
+        // THE WATERMARK IS CONTIGUOUS. Fences signal in submission order only within ONE context,
+        // and the serials are handed out to every native context of every session in turn, so the
+        // highest signaled serial says nothing about an older fence of another context still
+        // pending. A serial is complete when no live fence at or below it is pending.
+        void PollFrameFences() {
+            if (!g_GLESFuncs.glGetSynciv) return;
+            Uint64 lowestPending = ~Uint64{0};
+            for (FrameFence& slot : g_frameFenceRing) {
+                if (!slot.sync) continue;
+                if (slot.contextGeneration != g_syncContextGeneration) {
+                    slot.sync = nullptr; // its context reclaimed it, and its work is over
+                    continue;
+                }
+                GLint status = GL_SIGNALED;
+                GLsizei length = 0;
+                g_GLESFuncs.glGetSynciv(slot.sync, GL_SYNC_STATUS, 1, &length, &status);
+                if (status == GL_SIGNALED) {
+                    if (g_GLESFuncs.glDeleteSync) g_GLESFuncs.glDeleteSync(slot.sync);
+                    slot.sync = nullptr;
+                } else if (slot.serial < lowestPending) {
+                    lowestPending = slot.serial;
+                }
+            }
+            const Uint64 completed =
+                lowestPending == ~Uint64{0} ? g_currentFrameSerial.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) : lowestPending - 1;
+            if (completed > g_completedFrameSerial.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
+                g_completedFrameSerial.store(completed, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+            }
+        }
+
+        FrameFence* OldestPendingFrameFence() {
+            FrameFence* oldest = nullptr;
+            for (FrameFence& slot : g_frameFenceRing) {
+                if (!slot.sync || slot.contextGeneration != g_syncContextGeneration) continue;
+                if (!oldest || slot.serial < oldest->serial) oldest = &slot;
+            }
+            return oldest;
+        }
+    } // namespace
+
+    Bool WaitForFrameSerialCompleted(Uint64 serial, Uint64 timeoutNs) {
+        if (CompletedFrameSerial() >= serial) return true;
+        if (!IsBackendContextCurrentOnThisThread() || !g_GLESFuncs.glClientWaitSync) return false;
+        // Oldest pending fence first: the watermark can only pass a serial once every older fence
+        // (of any context) has signaled. Each fence was flushed when it was made (Present's swap),
+        // so waiting from this context needs no flush of the other.
+        for (int guard = 0; guard < kFrameFenceRingDepth + 1; ++guard) {
+            PollFrameFences();
+            if (CompletedFrameSerial() >= serial) return true;
+            FrameFence* oldest = OldestPendingFrameFence();
+            if (!oldest) return false;
+            const GLenum status = g_GLESFuncs.glClientWaitSync(oldest->sync, GL_SYNC_FLUSH_COMMANDS_BIT, timeoutNs);
+            if (status != GL_ALREADY_SIGNALED && status != GL_CONDITION_SATISFIED) return false;
+        }
+        PollFrameFences();
+        return CompletedFrameSerial() >= serial;
+    }
+
+#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
+    namespace {
+        // Once per thread: a latched session declines everything after this verb anyway, and the
+        // apply thread is the session's own.
+        thread_local Bool t_deviceLossLatched = false;
+
+        Bool LatchOnResetStatus(const char* site, GLenum status) {
+            if (status == GL_NO_ERROR) return false;
+            // ONLY THE GUILTY CONTEXT ENDS ITS SESSION. The contexts ask for reset notification
+            // (EnsureNativeContext) so the driver can name the context whose work hung or faulted the
+            // GPU; a reset it reports to an INNOCENT context - one whose work only waited behind the
+            // stall, the compositor's above all - is noted and the session goes on as it did before
+            // contexts were told. Adreno 750 measured: the guilty context reads GUILTY once, after
+            // which the driver drops everything it submits; innocent ones read NO_ERROR.
+            static thread_local Bool innocentNoted = false;
+            if (status == GL_INNOCENT_CONTEXT_RESET) {
+                if (!innocentNoted) {
+                    innocentNoted = true;
+                    MGLOG_W("Espryt:%s - the driver reports a GPU reset this session's context did not cause "
+                            "(GL_INNOCENT_CONTEXT_RESET); the session goes on",
+                            site != nullptr ? site : "?");
+                }
+                return false;
+            }
+            t_deviceLossLatched = true;
+            (void)MG_Pipe::MGPipeSessionLatch(MG_Pipe::MGPipeFatalFamily::DeviceLost,
+                                              "MGPipe: Fatal{BackendDeviceLost, \"Espryt:%s\"} - this session's EGL "
+                                              "context was reset (glGetGraphicsResetStatus 0x%x); the session ends "
+                                              "and its client reads a lost context, every other session keeps running",
+                                              site != nullptr ? site : "?", static_cast<unsigned>(status));
+            return true;
+        }
+    } // namespace
+
+    Bool LatchIfDeviceLost(const char* site, Bool debugKnob) {
+        if (MG_Config::Transport == MG_Config::TransportMode::Monolith) return false;
+        if (t_deviceLossLatched) return true;
+        GLenum status = GL_NO_ERROR;
+        if (g_GLESFuncs.glGetGraphicsResetStatus != nullptr && IsBackendContextCurrentOnThisThread()) {
+            status = g_GLESFuncs.glGetGraphicsResetStatus();
+        }
+        if (status == GL_NO_ERROR && debugKnob && MG_Pipe::MGPipeDebugDeviceLossDue())
+            status = GL_UNKNOWN_CONTEXT_RESET;
+        return LatchOnResetStatus(site, status);
+    }
+
+    Bool LatchIfGuiltyBeforeApply() {
+        if (MG_Config::Transport == MG_Config::TransportMode::Monolith) return false;
+        if (t_deviceLossLatched) return true;
+        // Asked every time the apply thread wakes, so it must leave nothing behind: not
+        // IsBackendContextCurrentOnThisThread, whose once-per-frame EGL verification stamp it would
+        // spend at the top of the loop (where the session may be between two of its contexts) - only
+        // whether this thread holds a native context and the backend's ownership.
+        if (g_GLESFuncs.glGetGraphicsResetStatus == nullptr || t_native.boundContext == EGL_NO_CONTEXT ||
+            g_backendContextOwnerThread.load(std::memory_order_acquire) != std::this_thread::get_id())
+            return false;
+        return LatchOnResetStatus("apply", g_GLESFuncs.glGetGraphicsResetStatus());
+    }
+#endif
+
+    void Present() {
+#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
+        if (LatchIfDeviceLost("present", /*debugKnob=*/false)) return;
+#endif
+        // Insert one fence per frame BEFORE the swap (eglSwapBuffers' implicit flush
+        // makes it reachable), then non-blocking-poll prior frames' fences AFTER to
+        // advance the completed-frame watermark that gates buffer-pool recycling.
+        const Bool canFence = IsBackendContextCurrentOnThisThread() && g_GLESFuncs.glFenceSync;
+        Uint64 presentedSerial = 0;
+        if (canFence) {
+            const Uint64 serial = g_currentFrameSerial.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed) + 1;
+            presentedSerial = serial;
+            FrameFence& slot = g_frameFenceRing[serial % kFrameFenceRingDepth];
+            if (slot.sync && slot.contextGeneration == g_syncContextGeneration) {
+                // The slot's fence is a ring-depth of serials old and may be another context's:
+                // dropping it unsignaled would let the watermark pass work nobody waited for.
+                if (g_GLESFuncs.glClientWaitSync) {
+                    constexpr Uint64 kOldFenceWaitNs = 100ull * 1000 * 1000;
+                    (void)g_GLESFuncs.glClientWaitSync(slot.sync, GL_SYNC_FLUSH_COMMANDS_BIT, kOldFenceWaitNs);
+                }
+                if (g_GLESFuncs.glDeleteSync) g_GLESFuncs.glDeleteSync(slot.sync);
+            }
+            slot = {g_GLESFuncs.glFenceSync(GL_SYNC_GPU_COMMANDS_COMPLETE, 0), g_syncContextGeneration, serial};
+        }
+
+#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
+        // The session's frame boundary: the shared images its frame sampled get the frame's fence,
+        // so their producers' next copies wait for it.
+        SharedImageImpl::PublishPendingReads();
+#endif
+
+        // P14 S4: the session's surface, not the process's.
+        //
+        // EXT -> KHR -> plain. The loader fills eglSwapBuffersWithDamageEXT from whichever
+        // spelling the driver provides (Adreno exposes only eglSwapBuffersWithDamageKHR), so
+        // the null check below is the whole chain: a driver with neither presents with plain
+        // eglSwapBuffers. Passing n_rects == 0 is not a partial present - the extension
+        // defines it as "the entire surface is implicitly damaged and the behaviour is
+        // equivalent to calling eglSwapBuffers" - and the wire protocol carries no damage
+        // rectangles for the server to forward, so the full surface is what is meant anyway.
+        //
+        // The damage is the client's, from the present record (CurrentPresentDamage): GL window
+        // coordinates, which is what the native call takes. Whole surface = no rectangles.
+        //
+        // ONLY A WINDOW SURFACE TAKES RECTANGLES: the platform's swap-with-damage hands them to the
+        // surface's native window, and a pbuffer has none (Android's dereferences it regardless).
+        NativeSessionState& session = ActiveNativeSession(); // before the lock: it takes it too
+        const EGLSurface drawSurface = session.Draw;
+        Bool windowSurface = false;
+        if (drawSurface != EGL_NO_SURFACE) {
+            const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_nativeRegistryMutex);
+            if (const auto* entry = FindSessionSurfaceLocked(session, drawSurface))
+                windowSurface = entry->Window != static_cast<NativeWindowType>(0);
+        }
+        EGLBoolean mglSwapped = EGL_FALSE;
+        if (g_EGLFuncs.eglSwapBuffersWithDamageEXT != nullptr) {
+            const MG_Util::Damage::Region& damage = MG_Backend::CurrentPresentDamage();
+            EGLint rects[MG_Util::Damage::kMaxRects * 4] = {};
+            const EGLint count = static_cast<EGLint>(MG_Util::Damage::NativeSwapRects(windowSurface, damage, rects));
+            mglSwapped =
+                g_EGLFuncs.eglSwapBuffersWithDamageEXT(g_Display, drawSurface, count > 0 ? rects : nullptr, count);
+            // A DRIVER THAT NAMES THE ENTRY POINT AND THEN REFUSES THE SWAP. Some vendor EGLs
+            // export eglSwapBuffersWithDamageEXT and answer EGL_FALSE on a window surface without
+            // setting an error (measured on a 4.14 vendor kernel with an Adreno driver; the plain
+            // entry point presents the same surface happily). Keeping the frame on that answer
+            // queues nothing at all: the compositor composites into a window whose buffer queue
+            // never sees a buffer. Fall back to the plain call instead of dropping the frame.
+            if (mglSwapped == EGL_FALSE && g_EGLFuncs.eglSwapBuffers != nullptr) {
+                MGLOG_W_ONCE("DirectGLES: this driver's eglSwapBuffersWithDamageEXT refused a window "
+                             "surface; presenting through eglSwapBuffers for the rest of the process");
+                mglSwapped = g_EGLFuncs.eglSwapBuffers(g_Display, drawSurface);
+            }
+        } else if (g_EGLFuncs.eglSwapBuffers != nullptr) {
+            mglSwapped = g_EGLFuncs.eglSwapBuffers(g_Display, drawSurface);
+        }
+        NoteDrawSurfaceMoved(); // a window surface takes a new size at its swap
+        if (drawSurface != EGL_NO_SURFACE) {
+            const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_nativeRegistryMutex);
+            if (auto* entry = FindSessionSurfaceLocked(session, drawSurface)) ++entry->Presents;
+        }
+        // A frame boundary: the next frame's age is asked anew, and its window buffer use flushed.
+        t_ageAskedSurface = EGL_NO_SURFACE;
+        t_windowBufferFlushIssued = false;
+
+        // P15: MOBILEGL_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT, Espryt's half. Magma bounds the frames the GPU has
+        // queued with its frame contexts (frame S+1 reuses the context of frame S+1-N); this is
+        // the same bound on the ES driver: after presenting S, wait for S+1-N to complete. The
+        // platform's own queueBuffer throttle already waits for S-1, so only N = 1 is stricter
+        // than what Android does by itself; larger N is the same contract stated, not a change.
+        const Uint32 framesInFlight = MG_Config::Features.FramesInFlight;
+        if (presentedSerial != 0 && framesInFlight != 0 && framesInFlight < static_cast<Uint32>(kFrameFenceRingDepth) &&
+            g_GLESFuncs.glClientWaitSync && presentedSerial + 1 > framesInFlight) {
+            const Uint64 target = presentedSerial + 1 - framesInFlight;
+            const FrameFence& oldest = g_frameFenceRing[target % kFrameFenceRingDepth];
+            if (oldest.sync && oldest.serial == target && oldest.contextGeneration == g_syncContextGeneration) {
+                constexpr Uint64 kFramesInFlightWaitNs = 1000ull * 1000 * 1000;
+                (void)g_GLESFuncs.glClientWaitSync(oldest.sync, GL_SYNC_FLUSH_COMMANDS_BIT, kFramesInFlightWaitNs);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (canFence) PollFrameFences();
+
+        // After the watermark advanced: retire grown-away ring stores and record the
+        // frame's ring high-water marks for slot reclamation.
+        BufferImpl::UboRingOnPresent();
+        BufferImpl::UnpackRingOnPresent();
+        BufferImpl::UploadRingOnPresent();
+        BufferImpl::TrimBufferPool();
+
+        // THE frame boundary for the MGPipe counters: publish this frame's plots, fold the
+        // frame into the run totals and, every 120th frame, emit the summary line.
+        if (MG_Util::PipeStats::Enabled()) {
+            MG_Util::PipeStats::OnPresent();
+        }
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES
@@ -0,0 +1,675 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/ManagersInternal.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#pragma once
+#include "Managers.h"
+#include "SubgroupPolicy.h"
+#include <MG_Backend/MGPipe/PipeInputs.h>
+// P3a: the handle-shaped resource op table, the applier's records and the reverse channel.
+// Both headers are compiled into the library only under push, so they are included here
+// under the same condition - a pull build must gain no declaration it cannot link.
+#include <MG_Pipe/MGPipeCallbacks.h>
+#include <MG_Pipe/MGPipeHostSpan.h>
+#include <MG_Pipe/PipeApply.h>
+// P5e (pg): the DEFINITION of the archive MGPipeShaderCsoRecord holds by SharedPtr. PipeApply.h
+// needs only the name - the deleter is captured where the archive is constructed - but the
+// program build reads through it, so the one translation unit that does needs the whole type.
+#include <MG_State/GLState/ProgramState/ProgramArtifactsCodec.h>
+// R-11's server-owned staging copy. Header-only and package v1's; see its own header block for
+// why GLESBufferResource does not simply gain a member.
+#include <MG_Backend/Record/StagedShadow.h>
+#include <MG_Backend/Record/StagedTextureStore.h>
+#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
+#include <MG_Remote/Server/ServerLoop.h>
+// P5c (ct): object_death's producer (CONTRACT-P5C.md §5.2) - the death notice's split arm
+// emits the record through the client's emit helper instead of hopping a stack struct to the
+// apply thread.
+#include <MG_Remote/Client/WireTables.h>
+// P11 B2 (T0): the client's AHardwareBuffer store - its reference counting and, on Android, the
+// allocation the POST self-test makes.
+#include <MG_Remote/Transport/AdoptT0.h>
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+#include <android/hardware_buffer.h>
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#include "Utils.h"
+#include "DirectGLES.h"
+#include "BackendObject_DirectGLES.h"
+#include <Config.h>
+#include <MG_State/GLState/StateObjectDeathNotice.h>
+#include <MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/ShaderCompiler.h>
+#include <MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/TranslationCache.h>
+
+#include <MG_Util/BackendLoaders/OpenGL/Loader.h>
+#include <MG_Util/Metrics/PipeStats.h>
+#include <MG_Util/Converters/GLToStr/GLEnumConverter.h>
+#include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToGL/DataTypeConverter.h>
+#include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToGL/BufferEnumConverter.h>
+#include <MG_Util/Converters/GLToMG/TextureEnumConverter.h>
+#include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToGL/ProgramEnumConverter.h>
+#include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToGL/TextureEnumConverter.h>
+#include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToStr/TextureEnumConverter.h>
+#include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToStr/FramebufferEnumConverter.h>
+#include <MG_State/GLState/TextureState/TextureObjectBuffer.h>
+#include <MG_Util/Converters/GLToMG/FramebufferEnumConverter.h>
+#include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToGL/FramebufferEnumConverter.h>
+#include <MG_State/GLState/FramebufferState/FramebufferObject.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <limits>
+#include <map>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <regex>
+#include "ContextEpoch.h"
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
+    constexpr const char* BASE_INSTANCE_UNIFORM_NAME = "mg_BaseInstance";
+    constexpr const char* DRAW_ID_UNIFORM_NAME = "mg_DrawID";
+    constexpr const char* BASE_VERTEX_UNIFORM_NAME = "mg_BaseVertex";
+    constexpr const char* BASE_INSTANCE_WORD_INDEX_UNIFORM_NAME = "mg_BaseInstanceWordIndex";
+    constexpr const char* INDIRECT_PARAMS_BLOCK_NAME = "mg_IndirectParams";
+
+    Bool ViewportArrayEmulationEnabled();
+
+    GLenum ResolveBackendMinFilter(const SamplerParameters& samplerParams, Bool avoidMipmapMinFilter);
+
+    String EmulateBaseInstanceInVertexShader(String source, GLenum shaderType);
+
+    String PromoteDrawParameterGlobalsToUniforms(String source, GLenum shaderType);
+    constexpr const char* VIEWPORT_PASS_MASK_UNIFORM_NAME = "mg_ViewportPassMask";
+
+    Bool PromoteViewportIndexGlobalToVarying(String& source);
+
+    Bool InjectViewportIndexPassGate(String& source);
+
+    namespace BufferImpl {
+        using MG_State::GLState::BackendBufferResource;
+        using MG_State::GLState::BufferObject;
+
+        extern Uint g_bufferContextGeneration;
+
+        // --- Persistent-mapped bump rings (see Managers.h) -----------------------
+        // Shared machinery behind BOTH the global-UBO ring and the texture
+        // unpack-PBO ring: one EXT_buffer_storage persistent|coherent map per ring,
+        // monotonic head/tail cursors, and reclamation riding the Present()
+        // frame-fence watermark. The two rings differ only in size cap, offset
+        // alignment and log label - the reclamation, context-loss and
+        // emergency-drain rules are the part that was hard to get right, so they
+        // are shared rather than copied.
+        constexpr SizeT kUboRingInitialBytes = 4u * 1024u * 1024u;
+        constexpr SizeT kUboRingMaxBytes = 64u * 1024u * 1024u;
+        constexpr SizeT kUnpackRingInitialBytes = 4u * 1024u * 1024u;
+        constexpr SizeT kUnpackRingMaxBytes = 64u * 1024u * 1024u;
+        // A PBO-sourced glTexSubImage constrains the offset only to the pixel
+        // TYPE's size (GL_INVALID_OPERATION otherwise), and no ES client type is
+        // wider than 4 bytes - unlike a UBO bind, which owes the driver
+        // GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER_OFFSET_ALIGNMENT. 64 covers every type with room to
+        // spare and keeps consecutive staged blocks off each other's cache lines.
+        constexpr SizeT kUnpackRingAlignment = 64;
+        // glCopyBufferSubData carries no offset-alignment requirement at all; 64
+        // keeps staged blocks cache-line separated, same as the unpack ring.
+        constexpr SizeT kUploadRingInitialBytes = 4u * 1024u * 1024u;
+        constexpr SizeT kUploadRingMaxBytes = 64u * 1024u * 1024u;
+        constexpr SizeT kUploadRingAlignment = 64;
+
+        struct PersistentRingStore {
+            Uint id = 0;
+            Uint8* mappedPtr = nullptr;
+            SizeT size = 0;
+            // Monotonic linear cursors: `head` counts every byte ever allocated
+            // (incl. wrap padding); everything below `tail` is GPU-complete. Ring
+            // offset of a linear position is pos % size, so in-flight bytes are
+            // head - tail and must stay <= size.
+            Uint64 head = 0;
+            Uint64 tail = 0;
+            Uint32 generation = 0; // bumped on every (re)create/grow; 0 = never valid
+            Uint contextGeneration = 0;
+            SizeT alignment = 256;
+            // A hard storage-creation failure under this context; stop retrying
+            // per use (cleared when the context generation moves on).
+            Bool creationFailed = false;
+        };
+
+        // Grown-away ring stores: deletable only once the GPU finished the last
+        // frame that could reference them (same watermark as the buffer pool).
+        struct RetiredRingStore {
+            Uint id = 0;
+            Uint contextGeneration = 0;
+            Uint64 retireSerial = 0;
+        };
+
+        // Present()-time high-water marks: every byte below headAtPresent was
+        // written during frames <= frameSerial, so once frameSerial completes,
+        // tail may advance to headAtPresent. FIFO by construction.
+        struct RingFrameMark {
+            Uint64 frameSerial = 0;
+            Uint64 headAtPresent = 0;
+        };
+
+        // One ring: its live store, its two reclamation lists, and the immutable
+        // knobs that tell it apart from the other one.
+        struct PersistentRing {
+            PersistentRingStore store;
+            Vector<RetiredRingStore> retired;
+            Vector<RingFrameMark> frameMarks;
+            SizeT initialBytes = 0;
+            SizeT maxBytes = 0;
+            // 0: take the offset alignment from GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER_OFFSET_ALIGNMENT
+            // at store-creation time (the UBO ring's binds require it).
+            SizeT fixedAlignment = 0;
+            const char* label = "";
+        };
+
+        // THE RINGS ARE PER NATIVE CONTEXT. Their slots are reclaimed by frame marks recorded at
+        // Present, which say "everything this context wrote before its fence N is done once N is".
+        // One process-wide set used to be shared by every session's contexts: a fence from one
+        // context retired bytes another context's not-yet-executed copies still had to read
+        // (a glTexSubImage from the unpack ring is a deferred GPU read), and the next session's
+        // staging overwrote them - its pixels landed, at the wrong offsets, in the first one's
+        // textures. With one set per context, a context's bytes wait for that context's own
+        // fence. (The buffers themselves are shared objects; only who stages into them is split.)
+        // Staging ring for app buffer updates whose destination store may still be
+        // referenced by in-flight GPU work. Mali's glBufferSubData resolves that WAR
+        // hazard by BLOCKING in the call (osup_sync_object_wait) until every
+        // referencing job retires - under Minecraft 26.3's per-frame UBO and
+        // chunk-mesh SubData streams that serialized whole frames (~1 fps while
+        // chunks stream in). Staging the bytes here and issuing a
+        // glCopyBufferSubData instead keeps the hazard on the GPU timeline where it
+        // is just job ordering, and the CPU never waits.
+        struct RingSet {
+            PersistentRing ubo{{}, {}, {}, kUboRingInitialBytes, kUboRingMaxBytes, 0, "Global-UBO ring"};
+            PersistentRing unpack{
+                {}, {}, {}, kUnpackRingInitialBytes, kUnpackRingMaxBytes, kUnpackRingAlignment, "Texture unpack ring"};
+            PersistentRing upload{
+                {}, {}, {}, kUploadRingInitialBytes, kUploadRingMaxBytes, kUploadRingAlignment, "Buffer upload ring"};
+            RingSet();
+            ~RingSet();
+            RingSet(const RingSet&) = delete;
+            RingSet& operator=(const RingSet&) = delete;
+        };
+
+        extern DirectGLES::PerNativeContext<RingSet> g_ringSets;
+
+        namespace {
+            Bool CanTouchGLNow() {
+                return DirectGLES::IsBackendContextCurrentOnThisThread();
+            }
+        } // namespace
+
+        MG_Record::StagedShadowStore& ServerStaged();
+
+        namespace {
+            // THE COVERAGE RULE FOR THE THREE-TIER FLUSH DRAIN, ASSERTED BEFORE THE CALL AND NOT
+            // INSIDE IT. FlushPendingRangesFrom is a G5-pinned body (p3a_untouched_regions.sh's
+            // PINNED_FUNCTIONS, ID-41): the split arm CALLS it, it does not re-spell it, and it
+            // does not add a line to it either. Its tier-1 arm - the range-invalidating map -
+            // copies with its own Memcpy and never reaches UploadRangeFrom, so the one tier that
+            // DECLARES THE OLD BYTES DEAD is the one tier no later check can see; the only place
+            // left to say "every queued range is inside the staged coverage" is the instant before
+            // the drain takes the queue. The clamp is the drain's own (limit = the smaller of the
+            // frontend size and the backend store; bytes past either end have nowhere to land and
+            // are not this rule's subject), so the two agree about which bytes are meant.
+            //
+            // Fires only for a base that IS this resource's server shadow: RequireCoverage
+            // answers nothing for the legacy arm's MappedData(), which is valid for the whole
+            // store. `pendingMutex` is taken here and released before the drain takes it again.
+            void RequireStagedCoverageForPendingRanges(GLESBufferResource& resource, const Uint8* hostBase,
+                                                       SizeT frontendSize, const char* site) {
+                if (hostBase == nullptr) return;
+                const SizeT limit = std::min(frontendSize, resource.storageSize);
+                const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(resource.pendingMutex);
+                for (const auto& range : resource.pendingRanges) {
+                    const SizeT end = std::min(range.end, limit);
+                    const SizeT start = std::min(range.start, end);
+                    if (start == end) continue;
+                    ServerStaged().RequireCoverage(&resource, hostBase, start, end, site);
+                }
+            }
+
+// The four hostBytes sites read the same in both builds. The non-split expansion is the
+// ORIGINAL EXPRESSION, character for character - `raw - offset` - so a push or verify build
+// compiles exactly what it compiled before R-11 and the split arm is the only new behaviour.
+#define MGL_SERVER_STAGED_ADOPT(res, width, bytes, offset, size)                                                       \
+    ServerStaged().Adopt(&(res), (width), (bytes), (offset), (size))
+#define MGL_SERVER_STAGED_REQUIRE_PENDING(res, base, frontendSize, site)                                               \
+    RequireStagedCoverageForPendingRanges((res), (base), (frontendSize), (site))
+        } // namespace
+
+        // Ring machinery shared with the UBO/unpack rings; defined further down in
+        // this same unnamed namespace.
+        Bool RingAllocate(PersistentRing& ring, SizeT size, SizeT& outOffset);
+
+        // Push every queued range of `resource` from the shadow into the backend
+        // store, without ever letting a driver resolve the WAR hazard against
+        // in-flight frames at the WHOLE BUFFER's expense. Three tiers:
+        //
+        //   1. glMapBufferRange(WRITE | INVALIDATE_RANGE) + memcpy. The entire
+        //      mapped range is rewritten from the authoritative shadow, so
+        //      declaring its old bytes dead is exact - and it lets the driver
+        //      swap fresh pages in for JUST that range. This is the only tier
+        //      whose cost scales with the RANGE on this Mali driver: both the
+        //      immediate glBufferSubData (pre-queueing) and a staged
+        //      glCopyBufferSubData into a busy MUTABLE store ghost the whole
+        //      destination with a worker-thread memcpy - Minecraft 26.3 streams
+        //      ~1MB section meshes into 128MB arenas about nine times a frame
+        //      during a camera pan, and 9 x 128MB of ghosting per frame is
+        //      ~380ms, the measured 2-4 fps. (Backing the arenas with immutable
+        //      stores also kills the ghost, but eagerly commits every arena's
+        //      full extent - +hundreds of MB - which LMK'd the whole device.)
+        //   2. The staging ring + glCopyBufferSubData: the copy is ordered on
+        //      the GPU timeline, no CPU wait (MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_DISABLE_INVALIDATE_FLUSH
+        //      forces this tier as the map path's negative control).
+        //   3. Direct glBufferSubData (potentially stalling) when neither the
+        //      map entry points nor the ring exist.
+        //
+        // The ranges are flushed AS QUEUED (VecRange1D::Add already merges
+        // near-adjacent ones): bytes, not flush calls, are the cost axis here,
+        // and collapsing a scattered flush into its union re-copied nearly whole
+        // chunk-mesh arenas every frame.
+        // The caller owns syncedChangeSerial; this only drains the queue.
+        //
+        // ONE body for both arms, and deliberately so: the three-tier decision (whole-buffer
+        // orphan map / >= 128 KiB range-invalidating map / staged ring copy) is what the MC
+        // 26.3 p99 depends on, and a second copy of it for the handle arm is exactly how a
+        // tier silently changes. The arms differ only in where `hostBase` and `frontendSize`
+        // come from.
+        //
+        // R-11'S PARAMETER, AND IT IS A PARAMETER RATHER THAN AN ASSUMPTION (P5 b1).
+        // `hostBase` is re-read at every use today precisely because a shadow resize or an
+        // adoption moves what an earlier base pointed at. Under split the server may hold
+        // no pointer into the client's shadow at all, so the base becomes a SNAPSHOT taken
+        // into SEG_STAGE at emission - and a snapshot covers a RANGE, not the store. The
+        // two extra arguments say which range `hostBase` is good for; the default is the
+        // whole store, which is exactly what a live shadow is, so every caller today is
+        // byte-identical. The moment w1 passes a real snapshot extent, tier 1's widening
+        // refusal below stops being unreachable and a too-narrow snapshot is named instead
+        // of silently clobbering GPU-written bytes with stale ones.
+        constexpr SizeT kHostBaseCoversWholeStore = ~static_cast<SizeT>(0);
+
+        void FlushPendingRangesFrom(GLESBufferResource& resource, const Uint8* hostBase, SizeT frontendSize,
+                                    SizeT hostBaseFrom = 0, SizeT hostBaseTo = kHostBaseCoversWholeStore);
+
+        void DrainResidentWritesNow(GLESBufferResource& resource);
+
+        namespace {
+            // The two-argument spelling the legacy arm's call sites use, kept so those sites
+            // are the SAME text in both builds (G1). The object was never read.
+            void DrainResidentWritesNow(GLESBufferResource& resource, BufferObject& bufferObject) {
+                (void)bufferObject;
+                DrainResidentWritesNow(resource);
+            }
+
+            // ---- P3a: the same seven ops plus the create/unmap pair, BY HANDLE ------------
+            //
+            // Every body below is its Ops_* counterpart above with exactly the substitutions
+            // D-A2's table names and nothing else: the frontend object's GetSize() / GetUsage()
+            // / HasDefinedContent() / MappedData() / GetChangeSerial() become the applier
+            // record's Desc.Width / Desc.Usage / Desc.HasDefinedContent, the shadow base the
+            // call carried, and the record's server-owned Serial. Every branch survives -
+            // pendingRespecify early-out, the off-thread queue, the adopted zero-copy stamp,
+            // the upload-ring kill switch, the Mali WAR-stall queue-only default.
+            //
+            // NOTHING here reads a frontend type. The one thing a handle op cannot do is ask
+            // an object for its shadow, which is why GLESBufferResource::hostBytes exists: the
+            // three content-carrying calls hand the base over and the later drains read it.
+
+            // The applier's record for this resource, or null when the client never created it
+            // (or created it into a slot that has since been recycled).
+            const MG_Pipe::MGPipeResourceRecord* ResourceRecordOf(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res) {
+                if (MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(res)) return nullptr;
+                const auto& records = MG_Pipe::MGPipeApplier().Resources;
+                if (res.Slot >= records.size()) return nullptr;
+                const auto& record = records[res.Slot];
+                if (!record.Live || record.Gen != res.Gen) return nullptr;
+                return &record;
+            }
+
+            // The server-owned MGGen this backend mirrors in syncedChangeSerial. Zero for a
+            // resource with no record, which is the same "never synced" answer a frontend
+            // change serial of zero gave.
+            Uint64 ResourceSerialOf(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res) {
+                const auto* record = ResourceRecordOf(res);
+                return record != nullptr ? record->Serial : 0;
+            }
+            SizeT ResourceWidthOf(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res) {
+                const auto* record = ResourceRecordOf(res);
+                return record != nullptr ? static_cast<SizeT>(record->Desc.Width) : 0;
+            }
+        } // namespace
+
+#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED && defined(__ANDROID__)
+        using MG_Util::BackendLoader::HasExtensionWord;
+#endif // MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED && __ANDROID__
+
+        const Vector<TextureUploadTarget>& StagedUploadTargetsForPipeTarget(Uint8 pipeResourceTarget);
+
+        TextureTarget StagedTextureTargetForPipeTarget(Uint8 pipeResourceTarget);
+
+        void BumpBufferMutationEpoch();
+
+        GLESBufferResource* FindBufferResourceForHandle(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res);
+
+        SizeT ResourceWidthForHandle(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res);
+
+        Uint64 ResourceSerialForHandle(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res);
+
+        GLESBufferResource* EnsureBufferResourceForHandle(
+            const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& bufferObject, MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res);
+
+        void BindBufferId(GLenum target, Uint id);
+
+        void BindPixelUnpackBufferId(Uint id);
+
+        void NoteBufferIdDeleted(Uint id);
+
+        Bool CreateRingStorage(PersistentRing& ring, SizeT minBytes);
+        Bool RingAllocateSlow(PersistentRing& ring, SizeT size, SizeT& outOffset);
+
+        Bool RingAllocate(PersistentRing& ring, SizeT size, SizeT& outOffset);
+
+        Bool RingAllocateSlow(PersistentRing& ring, SizeT size, SizeT& outOffset);
+
+        Bool UnpackRingAvailable();
+
+        Bool UnpackRingAllocate(SizeT size, SizeT& outOffset);
+
+        void* UnpackRingMappedPtr();
+
+        Uint UnpackRingBufferId();
+
+        SizeT UnpackRingMaxBytes();
+    } // namespace BufferImpl
+
+    // The release-build VOICE for StateBackendObjectRegistry::GetOrCreateByHandle's two
+    // silent refusals, shared by the kinds P4a re-keys so the wording cannot drift between
+    // them. It is the shape GetOrCreateBufferResourceForHandle gives P3a's buffer family,
+    // lifted into one template because a copy per kind is a chance per kind to write one of
+    // them differently.
+    //
+    // ITS CALLERS IN THIS PACKAGE ARE THE FRAMEBUFFER ATTACHMENT WALK'S TWO
+    // (FramebufferImpl::SyncAttachmentSurface: the texture registry and the renderbuffer
+    // registry), because that is where a HANDLE arrives in a payload - MGPSurface::Res -
+    // and an ADOPTION is what the arm owes rather than a lookup. The other three re-keyed
+    // kinds resolve at sites in DirectGLES.cpp (package E's SyncCurrentFBO, the lazy
+    // sampler mint and SyncCurrentProgram), so their first adoption is E's to write; this
+    // template is what they call so all five say the same thing.
+    //
+    // WHY A VOICE AT ALL: the table asserts, and MOBILEGL_ASSERT compiles out at INFO -
+    // which all three gate builds and every shipped build are - so an object that silently
+    // stops being twinned is exactly the failure mode the refusal exists to replace.
+    //
+    // Returns null on the legacy arm too, so a caller that reaches this without checking
+    // its family's arm gets nothing rather than a twin the legacy arm would never see.
+    //
+    // SPLIT IN TWO (review N-3), and the split is what makes the two refusals REACHABLE.
+    // Both of this package's call sites stand behind a cross-check that the record's Res
+    // equals registry.HandleOf(frontendObject) - the LIVE handle - so by the time the
+    // adoption ran, the slot was in bounds and the generation was current BY CONSTRUCTION
+    // and neither refusal below could ever fire: the letter of M-4 was closed and its
+    // substance was not. The record's handle is the UNTRUSTED input and the frontend is the
+    // corroboration, so the validity question is asked FIRST, on its own, at both sites;
+    // the adoption then performs the resolve. Asking it first is also side-effect free,
+    // which the ordering rule N-1 states for the framebuffer refusal wants here too:
+    // GetOrCreateByHandle can reset an incumbent twin, and a handle this predicate rejects
+    // must not reach it.
+    template <typename Registry>
+    Bool PipeTwinHandleIsAdoptable(Registry& registry, MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle, const char* kindName) {
+        if (MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(handle)) return false;
+        if (handle.Slot >= Registry::SlotTable::kMaxHandleSlot) {
+#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
+            MG_Pipe::MGPipeSessionFail( // @Ph-declined (ID-P7-1): PH-2 stays Fatal, CONTRACT-P7 §12
+                MG_Pipe::MGPipeFatalFamily::ProtocolCorruption,
+                "MGPipe: Fatal{ProtocolCorruption, \"BackendSlotTable.HandleSlot\"} - "
+                "%s handle slot %u is past this table's %u bound",
+                kindName, handle.Slot, Registry::SlotTable::kMaxHandleSlot);
+#else
+            MGLOG_E_ONCE("MGPipe: %s handle slot %u is past the backend table's %u bound - "
+                         "refusing to twin it",
+                         kindName, handle.Slot, Registry::SlotTable::kMaxHandleSlot);
+            return false;
+#endif
+        }
+        const Uint32 liveGen = registry.LiveGenAt(handle.Slot);
+        if (liveGen != 0 && liveGen > handle.Gen) {
+#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
+            MG_Pipe::MGPipeSessionFail( // @Ph-declined (ID-P7-1): PH-2 stays Fatal, CONTRACT-P7 §12
+                MG_Pipe::MGPipeFatalFamily::ProtocolCorruption,
+                "MGPipe: Fatal{ProtocolCorruption, \"BackendSlotTable.Generation\"} - "
+                "%s handle {%u, %u} names generation behind live generation %u",
+                kindName, handle.Slot, handle.Gen, liveGen);
+#else
+            // SlotTables.h:301-321: forward is a recycle and resets the twin, BACKWARD is
+            // refused, because adopting it would release the incumbent LIVE twin's driver
+            // id and then stamp the slot back to the dead object's generation, after which
+            // the incumbent's own FindByHandle refuses it and it is silently handed a
+            // fresh, empty twin - a leak AND an object that loses its storage with no
+            // diagnostic. That is the shape commit d7655247 fixed on the buffer side.
+            MGLOG_E_ONCE("MGPipe: %s handle {%u, %u} names a generation BEHIND the live "
+                         "twin's %u - refusing rather than dropping the incumbent's driver "
+                         "object",
+                         kindName, handle.Slot, handle.Gen, liveGen);
+            return false;
+#endif
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    namespace {
+        template <typename Registry>
+        typename Registry::BackendPtr* AdoptTwinByHandle(Registry& registry, MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle,
+                                                         const char* kindName) {
+            if (!PipeTwinHandleIsAdoptable(registry, handle, kindName)) return nullptr;
+            return registry.GetOrCreateByHandle(handle);
+        }
+    } // namespace
+
+    // ---- P4a: the record readers (Managers.h documents the contract) ----
+
+    namespace {
+        // One shape for all five, so a kind cannot grow a different liveness rule than its
+        // neighbours: index the applier's own dense table, refuse a slot it has not grown to,
+        // refuse a record that is not Live, and refuse a generation that has moved on under
+        // the caller. The last of the three is the one that matters: a stale handle resolving
+        // to its successor's record is how a twin ends up describing another object's storage.
+        template <typename Record>
+        const Record* PipeRecordAt(const Vector<Record>& table, MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle) {
+            if (MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(handle)) return nullptr;
+            if (handle.Slot >= table.size()) return nullptr;
+            const Record& record = table[handle.Slot];
+            if (!record.Live || record.Gen != handle.Gen) return nullptr;
+            return &record;
+        }
+    } // namespace
+
+    const MG_Pipe::MGPipeResourceRecord* PipeTextureRecordForHandle(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res);
+
+    const MG_Pipe::MGPipeSamplerCsoRecord* PipeSamplerCsoRecordForHandle(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle cso);
+
+    void NotePipeSubDataTargetLowByte(const MG_Pipe::MGPipeResourceRecord& record, Uint16 packedTarget, Uint16 level);
+
+    const MG_Pipe::MGPipeResourceRecord::PendingUpload* FindPipeTextureUpload(
+        const MG_Pipe::MGPipeResourceRecord& record, Uint16 uploadTarget, Uint16 level);
+
+    void ConsumePipeTextureUpload(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res, Uint16 uploadTarget, Uint16 level);
+
+    Bool RearmPipeTextureLevelUpload(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res, Uint16 packedTarget, Uint16 level,
+                                     const MG_Pipe::MGPBox& wholeLevel);
+
+    namespace TextureImpl {
+        // Sets the backend GL unpack state to MobileGL's upload default for the scope,
+        // then restores it. The previous state is read from a shadow instead of via
+        // glGetIntegerv - that query forces a driver pipeline sync and, because texture
+        // uploads run it per dirty texture per frame, it dominated the DirectGLES draw
+        // path. The backend unpack state is set ONLY by MobileGL's own save/restore
+        // helpers (this class and, historically, the R32F copy path), all of
+        // which restore to the resting default, so the shadow stays accurate; a one-time
+        // forced sync pins the backend to that known default up front. Apply() is
+        // compare-and-set, so the (now redundant) glPixelStorei calls also usually no-op.
+        class ScopedDefaultUnpackState {
+        public:
+            ScopedDefaultUnpackState() {
+                EnsureShadowSynced();
+                m_prevAlignment = s_alignment;
+                m_prevRowLength = s_rowLength;
+                m_prevSkipRows = s_skipRows;
+                m_prevSkipPixels = s_skipPixels;
+                m_prevImageHeight = s_imageHeight;
+                m_prevSkipImages = s_skipImages;
+                // Shadow mip data is tightly packed (ProcessTexturePixelsDataUnpack emits
+                // width * bpp rows with no padding), so uploads must use UNPACK_ALIGNMENT = 1.
+                // Alignment 4 made the driver read e.g. 7-byte R8 rows at an 8-byte stride,
+                // shifting every row of a non-multiple-of-4 upload by one pixel.
+                Apply(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+            }
+
+            ~ScopedDefaultUnpackState() {
+                Apply(m_prevAlignment, m_prevRowLength, m_prevSkipRows, m_prevSkipPixels, m_prevImageHeight,
+                      m_prevSkipImages);
+            }
+
+        private:
+            static void EnsureShadowSynced() {
+#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
+                const auto epoch = CurrentContextEpoch();
+                if (s_epoch != epoch) {
+                    s_synced = false;
+                    s_epoch = epoch;
+                }
+#endif
+                if (s_synced) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                s_synced = true;
+                g_GLESFuncs.glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 4);
+                g_GLESFuncs.glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, 0);
+                g_GLESFuncs.glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS, 0);
+                g_GLESFuncs.glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS, 0);
+                g_GLESFuncs.glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT, 0);
+                g_GLESFuncs.glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_IMAGES, 0);
+                s_alignment = 4;
+                s_rowLength = 0;
+                s_skipRows = 0;
+                s_skipPixels = 0;
+                s_imageHeight = 0;
+                s_skipImages = 0;
+            }
+
+            static void Apply(GLint alignment, GLint rowLength, GLint skipRows, GLint skipPixels, GLint imageHeight,
+                              GLint skipImages) {
+                if (alignment != s_alignment) {
+                    g_GLESFuncs.glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, alignment);
+                    s_alignment = alignment;
+                }
+                if (rowLength != s_rowLength) {
+                    g_GLESFuncs.glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, rowLength);
+                    s_rowLength = rowLength;
+                }
+                if (skipRows != s_skipRows) {
+                    g_GLESFuncs.glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS, skipRows);
+                    s_skipRows = skipRows;
+                }
+                if (skipPixels != s_skipPixels) {
+                    g_GLESFuncs.glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS, skipPixels);
+                    s_skipPixels = skipPixels;
+                }
+                if (imageHeight != s_imageHeight) {
+                    g_GLESFuncs.glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_IMAGE_HEIGHT, imageHeight);
+                    s_imageHeight = imageHeight;
+                }
+                if (skipImages != s_skipImages) {
+                    g_GLESFuncs.glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_IMAGES, skipImages);
+                    s_skipImages = skipImages;
+                }
+            }
+
+            GLint m_prevAlignment = 4;
+            GLint m_prevRowLength = 0;
+            GLint m_prevSkipRows = 0;
+            GLint m_prevSkipPixels = 0;
+            GLint m_prevImageHeight = 0;
+            GLint m_prevSkipImages = 0;
+
+            // Shadow of the backend GL unpack state (GL defaults). See class comment.
+            static inline Bool s_synced = false;
+#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
+            static inline ContextEpoch s_epoch{};
+#endif
+            static inline GLint s_alignment = 4;
+            static inline GLint s_rowLength = 0;
+            static inline GLint s_skipRows = 0;
+            static inline GLint s_skipPixels = 0;
+            static inline GLint s_imageHeight = 0;
+            static inline GLint s_skipImages = 0;
+        };
+
+        void NoteInPlaceTextureUpload();
+
+        Uint GetWidenableClientComponentCount(TextureInternalFormat format);
+
+        Bool IsIntegerWidenableFormat(TextureInternalFormat format);
+
+        // P5e (tx2): the GL name a log line wants, from whichever side of the arm can answer it.
+        // Desc.GlNameForDiag is the declared diagnostics carrier (MGPipeTypes.h) and it is the
+        // ONLY thing the by-handle arm may say about a texture's frontend name - a GL name is
+        // never an identity, never a memo key and never part of a hash (section 4.2.1). The
+        // twenty-odd GetExternalIndex() log reads this family carried (scout G-S2-4) all become
+        // this call.
+        static Uint32 TextureDiagName(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& stateTextureObject,
+                                      const MG_Pipe::MGPipeResourceRecord* record) {
+            if (stateTextureObject) return static_cast<Uint32>(stateTextureObject->GetExternalIndex());
+            return record != nullptr ? record->Desc.GlNameForDiag : 0u;
+        }
+
+        // P5e (fix1, ID-81 / CONTRACT-P5E §5.8): THE NULL FRONTEND OBJECT IS A CONTRACT AND THIS
+        // IS WHERE IT IS CHECKED, ONCE, FOR ALL THREE SYNC BODIES.
+        //
+        // tx2's three sync bodies accept a null `stateTextureObject` because the RECORD answers
+        // every read they make - but only where the record arm is actually SELECTED. Two reads
+        // inside SyncMipmapsToBackend are gated on `Transport != Monolith` (the texture-VIEW test
+        // and RequireImageBindableStorage's re-dirty transition, §5.2), and every read in all
+        // three is gated on TextureResourceSubsystemEnabled() through `pushedStorage`. So a null
+        // object is servable exactly when BOTH hold, and the by-handle entries beside them
+        // (SyncTextureToBackendByHandle / SyncMipmapsToBackendByHandle) pass null on the strength
+        // of a NOTED HANDLE, which says nothing about either.
+        //
+        // The device found the gap: with MOBILEGL_TRANSPORT=monolith the push build still drives
+        // its framebuffer attachments from the record (P4a, D-C2), fb's SyncAttachmentSurface
+        // called the by-handle storage sync from that arm, and `stateTextureObject->IsTextureView()`
+        // dereferenced the null SharedPtr in Lightmap.<init> -> clearColorTexture -> glClear.
+        // The arm selection is repaired at that call site; this refusal is what makes the shape
+        // UNREPEATABLE rather than merely repaired - a null frontend object reaching a body that
+        // can still read one aborts BY NAME instead of taking a SIGSEGV three frames deep.
+        //
+
+        // Returns true when the caller must decline (no handle noted: the caller's bug it always
+        // was, named by the caller's own log line), false when the record arm can serve the call,
+        // and never returns at all when a handle was noted on an arm that cannot serve it.
+        static Bool RefuseNullFrontendTextureOffTheHandleArm(const char* entry, MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle notedHandle) {
+            if (MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(notedHandle)) return true;
+            return false;
+        }
+// The guard the three sync bodies spell. In the PULL build it folds to the constant the
+// pre-fix1 text folded to, so that build's preprocessed text gains no call (D-P).
+#define MGB_TEXTURE_NULL_FRONTEND_REFUSED(twin, entry)                                                                 \
+    (RefuseNullFrontendTextureOffTheHandleArm((entry), (twin).PushedSyncHandle()))
+
+        extern Array<Array<BackendTextureObject*, (SizeT)TextureTarget::TextureTargetCount>,
+                     MG_State::GLState::TextureState::MAX_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS>
+            g_boundTexturesCache;
+
+        void NoteDriverSideTextureWriteByHandle(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res, Bool storeFollowsTheWrite);
+    } // namespace TextureImpl
+
+    namespace ScratchFBOImpl {
+        void NoteTextureIdDeleted(Uint textureId);
+    } // namespace ScratchFBOImpl
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/ManagersSamplers.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#include "ManagersInternal.h"
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
+    static Bool ShouldAvoidSamplerMipmapMinFilterOnAngleLlvmpipe() {
+        // IsAngleLlvmpipeRenderer combined with the
+        // MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_AVOID_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MIN_FILTER feature toggle,
+        // both resolved in FillInGLESCapabilities.
+        return g_GLESCapabilities.AvoidSamplerMipmapMinFilter;
+    }
+
+    namespace SamplerImpl {
+        BackendSamplerObject::BackendSamplerObject() {
+#ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
+            ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
+#endif
+            g_GLESFuncs.glGenSamplers(1, &m_backendSamplerId);
+            m_contextGeneration = g_backendContextGeneration;
+            if (m_backendSamplerId == 0) {
+                MGLOG_E_ONCE("Failed to generate sampler object.");
+                MGLOG_E_ONCE("ES glGetError(): %s", MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(g_GLESFuncs.glGetError()).c_str());
+            } else {
+                MGLOG_D("Generated sampler object with ID: %u.", m_backendSamplerId);
+            }
+        }
+
+        BackendSamplerObject::~BackendSamplerObject() {
+            if (InProcessTeardown()) {
+                return; // see InProcessTeardown(): the driver may be unloaded already
+            }
+            if (m_backendSamplerId == 0) {
+                return;
+            }
+            // Scrub the unit shadow whether or not the id can still be deleted - the next
+            // twin can land on this heap address and would otherwise false-skip its Bind.
+            for (auto& boundSampler : g_boundSamplersCache) {
+                if (boundSampler == this) {
+                    boundSampler = nullptr; // glDeleteSamplers unbinds from every unit
+                }
+            }
+            if (m_contextGeneration == g_backendContextGeneration && g_GLESFuncs.glDeleteSamplers) {
+                g_GLESFuncs.glDeleteSamplers(1, &m_backendSamplerId);
+            }
+            m_backendSamplerId = 0;
+        }
+
+        void BackendSamplerObject::SyncToBackend(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject>& stateSamplerObject,
+                                                 MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle pushedCso) {
+#ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
+            ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
+#endif
+            if (!stateSamplerObject) {
+                // A CSO TWIN HAS NO FRONTEND OBJECT (P4a fable seam F-4, ResolveSamplerCsoTwin):
+                // the content-addressed handle is its identity and the applier's record its
+                // only authority, so a null object beside a live handle is the record arm and
+                // not the pre-P4a error. Everything below that names the object is guarded on
+                // it; the pull build's text is the three lines the #if brackets.
+                if (MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(pushedCso)) {
+                    MGLOG_E_ONCE("State sampler object is null, cannot sync to backend.");
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // P4a (D-F1): a SamplerObject is a pure 100-byte value with no driver-side per-object
+            // binding state, so its CSO is CONTENT-ADDRESSED on the client at capacity 256 and
+            // two identical samplers share one record. What that means here is that the record's
+            // server-owned Serial, not the frontend object's version, is what says the values
+            // moved - and that the values themselves cross byte for byte INCLUDING
+            // borderColorForm, which is why all four border comparands below are still compared.
+            //
+            // The whole arm choice is a preprocessor #if/#else so the PULL build's text is the
+            // pre-P4a text token for token (D-P).
+            const SamplerParameters* pushedParams = nullptr;
+            // The GL name for the two log lines below, or 0 for a CSO twin, which has no object
+            // to name (F-4): the handle in the same line is its name.
+            const Uint samplerName = stateSamplerObject ? stateSamplerObject->GetExternalIndex() : 0u;
+            // THE HANDLE COMES FROM THE CALLER, NOT FROM THIS TWIN'S REGISTRY, and the
+            // difference is the seam D's verification round found on the integrated tree.
+            //
+            // v2 asked g_backendSamplerObjects.HandleOf(object) - the twin's own identity
+            // handle, minted off the frontend lifetime id - and looked the record up by it.
+            // That can only ever miss: a SamplerCso is CONTENT-ADDRESSED on the client
+            // (D-F1, ID-14/ID-17), its handles come out of MGPipeSlots().Allocate keyed on a
+            // parameter hash, and nothing ever emits a create_sampler_state at an identity
+            // handle. On the integrated tree every glBindSampler-driven parameter set was
+            // therefore refused and the driver sampler kept its defaults - two integration
+            // scenarios red, and the twin's own comment below (content-addressed, the
+            // record's Serial is the authority) already said why it could not work.
+            //
+            // The carried fact is MGPipeApplier().BoundSamplerStates[unit], written by the
+            // client at bind_sampler_states; the caller that knows the unit passes it as
+            // `pushedCso`. See the declaration for why the parameter is push-only.
+            if (!MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(pushedCso)) {
+                const auto* record = PipeSamplerCsoRecordForHandle(pushedCso);
+                if (record == nullptr) {
+                    MGLOG_E_ONCE("MGPipe: sampler %u has no applier record on the handle arm, so its "
+                                 "parameters cannot be pushed (handle {%u, %u})",
+                                 samplerName, pushedCso.Slot, pushedCso.Gen);
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (m_isInitialized && m_syncedSamplerSerial != 0 && m_syncedSamplerSerial == record->Serial) {
+                    MGLOG_D("Sampler parameters have not changed for sampler ID: %u, skipping sync.", samplerName);
+                    return;
+                }
+                m_syncedSamplerSerial = record->Serial;
+                pushedParams = &record->Params;
+            } else {
+                // P13: every sampler twin is a CSO twin, synced with its handle
+                // (ResolveSamplerCsoTwin); a sampler with no record has nothing to push.
+                MGLOG_E_ONCE("MGPipe: sampler %u was synced without a SamplerCso handle", samplerName);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            MGLOG_D("Syncing sampler with backend ID %u to backend for state ID %u", m_backendSamplerId, samplerName);
+
+            const SamplerParameters& samplerParams = *pushedParams;
+
+#define SYNC_SAMPLER_PARAM_IF_CHANGED(internalName, glName, type)                                                      \
+    if (m_cacheSamplerParameters.internalName != samplerParams.internalName) {                                         \
+        g_GLESFuncs.glSamplerParameteri(m_backendSamplerId, glName,                                                    \
+                                        (GLint)MG_Util::ConvertSampler##type##ToGLEnum(samplerParams.internalName));   \
+        m_cacheSamplerParameters.internalName = samplerParams.internalName;                                            \
+    }
+
+            if (m_cacheSamplerParameters.minFilter != samplerParams.minFilter ||
+                m_cacheSamplerParameters.mipmapMode != samplerParams.mipmapMode) {
+                g_GLESFuncs.glSamplerParameteri(
+                    m_backendSamplerId, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,
+                    (GLint)ResolveBackendMinFilter(samplerParams, ShouldAvoidSamplerMipmapMinFilterOnAngleLlvmpipe()));
+                m_cacheSamplerParameters.minFilter = samplerParams.minFilter;
+                m_cacheSamplerParameters.mipmapMode = samplerParams.mipmapMode;
+            }
+            if (m_cacheSamplerParameters.magFilter != samplerParams.magFilter) {
+                g_GLESFuncs.glSamplerParameteri(
+                    m_backendSamplerId, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,
+                    (GLint)MG_Util::ConvertSamplerFilterModeToGLEnum(samplerParams.magFilter, SamplerMipmapMode::None));
+                m_cacheSamplerParameters.magFilter = samplerParams.magFilter;
+            }
+
+            SYNC_SAMPLER_PARAM_IF_CHANGED(wrapS, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, WrapMode)
+            SYNC_SAMPLER_PARAM_IF_CHANGED(wrapT, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, WrapMode)
+            SYNC_SAMPLER_PARAM_IF_CHANGED(wrapR, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R, WrapMode)
+            SYNC_SAMPLER_PARAM_IF_CHANGED(compareFunc, GL_TEXTURE_COMPARE_FUNC, CompareFunc)
+            SYNC_SAMPLER_PARAM_IF_CHANGED(compareMode, GL_TEXTURE_COMPARE_MODE, CompareMode)
+            if (m_cacheSamplerParameters.minLod != samplerParams.minLod) {
+                g_GLESFuncs.glSamplerParameterf(m_backendSamplerId, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_LOD, samplerParams.minLod);
+                m_cacheSamplerParameters.minLod = samplerParams.minLod;
+            }
+            if (m_cacheSamplerParameters.maxLod != samplerParams.maxLod) {
+                g_GLESFuncs.glSamplerParameterf(m_backendSamplerId, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LOD, samplerParams.maxLod);
+                m_cacheSamplerParameters.maxLod = samplerParams.maxLod;
+            }
+            if (m_cacheSamplerParameters.maxAnisotropy != samplerParams.maxAnisotropy) {
+                if (g_GLESCapabilities.SupportsTextureFilterAnisotropy) {
+                    g_GLESFuncs.glSamplerParameterf(m_backendSamplerId, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY_EXT,
+                                                    samplerParams.maxAnisotropy);
+                }
+                m_cacheSamplerParameters.maxAnisotropy = samplerParams.maxAnisotropy;
+            }
+            if (m_cacheSamplerParameters.borderColor != samplerParams.borderColor ||
+                m_cacheSamplerParameters.borderColorI != samplerParams.borderColorI ||
+                m_cacheSamplerParameters.borderColorUI != samplerParams.borderColorUI ||
+                m_cacheSamplerParameters.borderColorForm != samplerParams.borderColorForm) {
+                // Same gate as the texture-side border colour above, and the same reason for
+                // branching on the form: an integer border colour must reach the driver through
+                // glSamplerParameterIiv/Iuiv or an integer sampler reads the float's bit pattern
+                // back instead of the value.
+                if (g_GLESCapabilities.SupportsTextureBorderClamp) {
+                    if (samplerParams.borderColorForm == BorderColorForm::Int && g_GLESFuncs.glSamplerParameterIiv) {
+                        const GLint borderColorArray[4] = {
+                            samplerParams.borderColorI.x(), samplerParams.borderColorI.y(),
+                            samplerParams.borderColorI.z(), samplerParams.borderColorI.w()};
+                        g_GLESFuncs.glSamplerParameterIiv(m_backendSamplerId, GL_TEXTURE_BORDER_COLOR,
+                                                          borderColorArray);
+                    } else if (samplerParams.borderColorForm == BorderColorForm::Uint &&
+                               g_GLESFuncs.glSamplerParameterIuiv) {
+                        const GLuint borderColorArray[4] = {
+                            samplerParams.borderColorUI.x(), samplerParams.borderColorUI.y(),
+                            samplerParams.borderColorUI.z(), samplerParams.borderColorUI.w()};
+                        g_GLESFuncs.glSamplerParameterIuiv(m_backendSamplerId, GL_TEXTURE_BORDER_COLOR,
+                                                           borderColorArray);
+                    } else if (g_GLESFuncs.glSamplerParameterfv) {
+                        const GLfloat borderColorArray[4] = {
+                            samplerParams.borderColor.x(), samplerParams.borderColor.y(), samplerParams.borderColor.z(),
+                            samplerParams.borderColor.w()};
+                        g_GLESFuncs.glSamplerParameterfv(m_backendSamplerId, GL_TEXTURE_BORDER_COLOR, borderColorArray);
+                    }
+                }
+                m_cacheSamplerParameters.borderColor = samplerParams.borderColor;
+                m_cacheSamplerParameters.borderColorI = samplerParams.borderColorI;
+                m_cacheSamplerParameters.borderColorUI = samplerParams.borderColorUI;
+                m_cacheSamplerParameters.borderColorForm = samplerParams.borderColorForm;
+            }
+#undef SYNC_SAMPLER_PARAM_IF_CHANGED
+            m_isInitialized = true;
+        }
+
+        void BackendSamplerObject::Bind(Uint unit) {
+#ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
+            ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
+#endif
+            if (g_boundSamplersCache[unit] == this) return;
+
+            g_GLESFuncs.glBindSampler(static_cast<GLenum>(unit), m_backendSamplerId);
+            g_boundSamplersCache[unit] = this;
+        }
+
+        Uint BackendSamplerObject::GetBackendSamplerId() const {
+#ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
+            ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
+#endif
+            return m_backendSamplerId;
+        }
+
+        void UnbindSampler(Uint unit) {
+            if (g_boundSamplersCache[unit] == nullptr) return;
+
+            g_GLESFuncs.glBindSampler(static_cast<GLenum>(unit), 0);
+            g_boundSamplersCache[unit] = nullptr;
+        }
+
+        Array<BackendSamplerObject*, MG_State::GLState::TextureState::MAX_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS> g_boundSamplersCache;
+        TwinRegistry<MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject, BackendSamplerObject, MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::SamplerCso>
+            g_backendSamplerObjects;
+
+        // P4a fable seam F-4. THE TWIN FOR A CONTENT-ADDRESSED SamplerCso HANDLE, keyed by that
+        // handle and synced from its record - see the declaration for why the identity-keyed
+        // lookup it replaces could never hit.
+        BackendSamplerObject* ResolveSamplerCsoTwin(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle cso) {
+            if (MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(cso)) return nullptr;
+            // THE RECORD FIRST, before the table is touched: a handle with no record is a seam
+            // defect (the client minted and named a CSO it never described, or evicted one a
+            // standing set still names), and adopting a slot for it would leave a twin that
+            // syncs nothing. The census stem is the sampler family's.
+            const auto* record = PipeSamplerCsoRecordForHandle(cso);
+            if (record == nullptr) {
+                MGLOG_E_ONCE("MGPipe: sampler CSO {%u, %u} has no applier record on the handle arm, so no "
+                             "driver sampler can be built for it and the unit keeps what it holds",
+                             cso.Slot, cso.Gen);
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+            // The same slot table the identity twins live in: one allocator serves both handle
+            // families of this kind, so a content-addressed slot and an identity-minted slot can
+            // never coincide, and the generation discipline (forward = recycle, backward =
+            // refused) is what retires a twin whose CSO the client's LRU evicted and re-minted.
+            auto* slot = g_backendSamplerObjects.GetOrCreateByHandle(cso);
+            if (slot == nullptr) {
+                MGLOG_E_ONCE("MGPipe: sampler CSO {%u, %u} cannot be adopted on the handle arm (the slot's "
+                             "live generation is %u), so no driver sampler is built for it",
+                             cso.Slot, cso.Gen, g_backendSamplerObjects.LiveGenAt(cso.Slot));
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+            if (!*slot) *slot = MakeShared<BackendSamplerObject>();
+            // Serial-gated inside: a CSO whose record did not move since this twin last synced
+            // costs the record lookup above and one compare.
+            (*slot)->SyncToBackend(nullptr, cso);
+            return slot->get();
+        }
+    } // namespace SamplerImpl
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #include "MultiDraw.h"
 #include "Managers.h"
 #include <MG_State/GLState/Core.h>
-#include <MG_Pipe/PipeInputsSwitch.h>
+#include <MG_Backend/MGPipe/PipeInputs.h>
 #include <MG_Util/Metrics/PipeStats.h>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <cstring>
@@ -25,10 +25,14 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES::MultiDrawImpl {

        SizeT IndexTypeSize(GLenum type) {
            switch (type) {
-            case GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE: return 1;
-            case GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT: return 2;
-            case GL_UNSIGNED_INT: return 4;
-            default: return 0;
+            case GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE:
+                return 1;
+            case GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT:
+                return 2;
+            case GL_UNSIGNED_INT:
+                return 4;
+            default:
+                return 0;
            }
        }

@@ -44,14 +48,14 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES::MultiDrawImpl {
        // verbatim is already "this batch restarts nowhere".
        Uint32 RestartSentinelFor(GLenum type) {
            if (ResolveRestartSubstitution(type) != RestartSubstitutionKind::None) {
-                return MGB_CTX->GetPrimitiveRestartIndex();
+                return MG_Pipe::gPipeInputs->GetPrimitiveRestartIndex();
            }
            return MG_Util::FixedRestartIndexForGLType(type);
        }

        Bool RestartActive() {
-            return MGB_CTX->IsCapabilityEnabled(CapabilityInput::PrimitiveRestart) ||
-                   MGB_CTX->IsCapabilityEnabled(CapabilityInput::PrimitiveRestartFixedIndex);
+            return MG_Pipe::gPipeInputs->IsCapabilityEnabled(CapabilityInput::PrimitiveRestart) ||
+                   MG_Pipe::gPipeInputs->IsCapabilityEnabled(CapabilityInput::PrimitiveRestartFixedIndex);
        }

        // Vertices per primitive for the modes whose sub-draws may be concatenated into a
@@ -60,12 +64,18 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES::MultiDrawImpl {
        // first) and for GL_PATCHES, whose primitive size is dynamic tessellation state.
        Uint32 ConcatenablePrimitiveSize(GLenum mode) {
            switch (mode) {
-            case GL_POINTS: return 1;
-            case GL_LINES: return 2;
-            case GL_TRIANGLES: return 3;
-            case GL_LINES_ADJACENCY: return 4;
-            case GL_TRIANGLES_ADJACENCY: return 6;
-            default: return 0;
+            case GL_POINTS:
+                return 1;
+            case GL_LINES:
+                return 2;
+            case GL_TRIANGLES:
+                return 3;
+            case GL_LINES_ADJACENCY:
+                return 4;
+            case GL_TRIANGLES_ADJACENCY:
+                return 6;
+            default:
+                return 0;
            }
        }

@@ -95,7 +105,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES::MultiDrawImpl {
        // PrepareForDraw leave on GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER (and how big is its store)", and
        // "give me its bytes on the CPU" - and until now it asked all three of the FRONTEND
        // VAO, on the apply thread, once per indexed multi-draw. That was the last unguarded
-        // `MGB_CTX->GetBoundVertexArray()` in the backend: package vi retired the ordinary
+        // `gPipeInputs->GetBoundVertexArray()` in the backend: package vi retired the ordinary
        // draw path's copy (DirectGLES.cpp's SyncCurrentVertexAttributeValues / PrepareForDraw)
        // and this one survived only because these batches used to die earlier, on the
        // framebuffer row fb has since retired.
@@ -112,10 +122,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES::MultiDrawImpl {
        // value is exactly the work its original call site did, in its original order, so the
        // monolith arm makes the same calls in the same sequence it made before this package.
        enum class IndexBufferQuestion {
-            Presence,         // is an element array buffer bound at all
-            DriverName,       // + the GL name currently bound to GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER
-            DriverNameAndSize,// + the store's size in bytes (the compute tier's source)
-            HostBytes,        // a CPU-readable copy of the whole store, and its size
+            Presence,          // is an element array buffer bound at all
+            DriverName,        // + the GL name currently bound to GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER
+            DriverNameAndSize, // + the store's size in bytes (the compute tier's source)
+            HostBytes,         // a CPU-readable copy of the whole store, and its size
        };

        struct BoundIndexBufferView {
@@ -125,7 +135,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES::MultiDrawImpl {
            const Uint8* HostBytes = nullptr; // HostBytes: null when there is no CPU copy
        };

-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        // A missing record on the handle arm is a NAMED refusal and never a quiet fall-back to
        // the frontend (TASK-mv requirement 2; the shape is Managers.cpp's
        // RefuseNullFrontendTextureOffTheHandleArm). The frontend element slot is not a second
@@ -151,8 +160,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES::MultiDrawImpl {
        // the other buffer target: a missing record on the handle arm aborts by name and never
        // falls back to the frontend binding slot, which answers for whatever the CLIENT has
        // bound NOW - a later verb than the one being applied.
-        [[noreturn]] void RefuseMissingIndirectBufferRecord(const char* entry,
-                                                            MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res) {
+        [[noreturn]] void RefuseMissingIndirectBufferRecord(const char* entry, MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res) {
            MGLOG_F("MGPipe: Fatal{RoleViolation, \"multidraw-indirect-buffer-arm\"} - %s found no "
                    "backend resource for the indirect buffer {%u, %u} this verb's record named. "
                    "The indirect buffer of this family is MGPipeApplier().VerbIndirectBuffer "
@@ -168,88 +176,51 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES::MultiDrawImpl {
        // server shadow is a missing record and Fatal by name; for one the application ORPHANED
        // the gap is its own undefined content, and reading the shadow's zero-fill is exactly
        // what the monolith arm's MappedData() hands back.
-        Bool IndexBufferRecordHasDefinedContent(const MG_Pipe::MGPipeApplierState& st,
-                                                MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res) {
+        Bool IndexBufferRecordHasDefinedContent(const MG_Pipe::MGPipeApplierState& st, MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res) {
            if (res.Slot >= st.Resources.size()) return false;
            const auto& candidate = st.Resources[res.Slot];
            if (!candidate.Live || candidate.Gen != res.Gen) return false;
            return candidate.Desc.HasDefinedContent != 0;
        }
-#endif

        BoundIndexBufferView ResolveBoundIndexBuffer(IndexBufferQuestion question, const char* entry) {
            BoundIndexBufferView view;
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
-            if (BufferImpl::VertexInputReadsRecords()) {
-                const auto& st = MG_Pipe::MGPipeApplier();
-                const MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res = BufferImpl::ResolveDrawIndexBufferFromRecord(st).Res;
-                // A null Res is "no element array buffer bound", exactly as a null frontend slot
-                // is on the arm below - the batch's indices are a client array, and every caller
-                // already has an arm for that. It is NOT the arm test; the arm was decided above.
-                if (MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(res)) return view;
-                view.Present = true;
-                if (question == IndexBufferQuestion::Presence) return view;
+            const auto& st = MG_Pipe::MGPipeApplier();
+            const MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res = BufferImpl::ResolveDrawIndexBufferFromRecord(st).Res;
+            // A null Res is "no element array buffer bound", exactly as a null frontend slot
+            // is on the arm below - the batch's indices are a client array, and every caller
+            // already has an arm for that. It is NOT the arm test; the arm was decided above.
+            if (MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(res)) return view;
+            view.Present = true;
+            if (question == IndexBufferQuestion::Presence) return view;

-                if (question == IndexBufferQuestion::HostBytes) {
-                    // The applier has already consumed the persistent-map blocks for this
-                    // resource before the draw verb replayed; the one Sync* this arm owes is the
-                    // monolith's SyncGpuWrites, and (P8-C) SplitHostBytesForCpuRead is it: a store
-                    // a shader wrote on this side is read back from this server's own GL buffer,
-                    // because no writeback ever reaches the server's staged copy. That is also why
-                    // this arm cannot be expressed as "find the object and run the monolith body".
-                    auto* resource = BufferImpl::FindBufferResourceForHandle(res);
-                    if (resource == nullptr) RefuseMissingIndexBufferRecord(entry, res, "backend resource");
-                    view.Size = BufferImpl::ResourceWidthForHandle(res);
-                    view.HostBytes = BufferImpl::SplitHostBytesForCpuRead(*resource, res, "multidraw_index_rebase");
-                    if (view.HostBytes != nullptr && IndexBufferRecordHasDefinedContent(st, res)) {
-                        BufferImpl::RequireStagedCoverage(*resource, view.HostBytes, 0, view.Size,
-                                                          "multidraw_index_rebase");
-                    }
-                    // A null HostBytes is not a refusal: MappedData() on the monolith arm is
-                    // equally allowed to be null (an adopted coherent map keeps its bytes
-                    // elsewhere), and the one caller that asks declines the tier for it.
-                    return view;
-                }
-
-                auto* resource = BufferImpl::EnsureBufferResourceForHandle(nullptr, res);
+            if (question == IndexBufferQuestion::HostBytes) {
+                // The applier has already consumed the persistent-map blocks for this
+                // resource before the draw verb replayed; the one Sync* this arm owes is the
+                // monolith's SyncGpuWrites, and (P8-C) SplitHostBytesForCpuRead is it: a store
+                // a shader wrote on this side is read back from this server's own GL buffer,
+                // because no writeback ever reaches the server's staged copy. That is also why
+                // this arm cannot be expressed as "find the object and run the monolith body".
+                auto* resource = BufferImpl::FindBufferResourceForHandle(res);
                if (resource == nullptr) RefuseMissingIndexBufferRecord(entry, res, "backend resource");
-                view.Id = resource->id;
-                if (question == IndexBufferQuestion::DriverNameAndSize) {
-                    view.Size = BufferImpl::ResourceWidthForHandle(res);
+                view.Size = BufferImpl::ResourceWidthForHandle(res);
+                view.HostBytes = BufferImpl::SplitHostBytesForCpuRead(*resource, res, "multidraw_index_rebase");
+                if (view.HostBytes != nullptr && IndexBufferRecordHasDefinedContent(st, res)) {
+                    BufferImpl::RequireStagedCoverage(*resource, view.HostBytes, 0, view.Size,
+                                                      "multidraw_index_rebase");
                }
+                // A null HostBytes is not a refusal: MappedData() on the monolith arm is
+                // equally allowed to be null (an adopted coherent map keeps its bytes
+                // elsewhere), and the one caller that asks declines the tier for it.
                return view;
            }
-#endif
-            // MONOLITH GLUE from here down, token for token what each call site did before.
-            const auto& vao = MGB_CTX->GetBoundVertexArray();
-            if (!vao) return view;
-            const auto& ibo = vao->GetIndexBufferBindingSlot().GetBoundObject();
-            if (!ibo) return view;
-            view.Present = true;
-            switch (question) {
-            case IndexBufferQuestion::Presence:
-                break;
-            case IndexBufferQuestion::DriverName: {
-                const auto* resource = BufferImpl::EnsureBufferResource(ibo);
-                view.Id = resource ? resource->id : 0;
-                break;
+
+            auto* resource = BufferImpl::EnsureBufferResourceForHandle(nullptr, res);
+            if (resource == nullptr) RefuseMissingIndexBufferRecord(entry, res, "backend resource");
+            view.Id = resource->id;
+            if (question == IndexBufferQuestion::DriverNameAndSize) {
+                view.Size = BufferImpl::ResourceWidthForHandle(res);
            }
-            case IndexBufferQuestion::DriverNameAndSize: {
-                const auto* resource = BufferImpl::EnsureBufferResource(ibo);
-                view.Id = resource ? resource->id : 0;
-                view.Size = ibo->GetSize();
-                break;
-            }
-            case IndexBufferQuestion::HostBytes:
-                // The shadow is the source of truth for CPU reads, but a persistent map or
-                // a shader write may have moved past it since the last sync.
-                ibo->SyncPersistentMappedRange();
-                ibo->SyncGpuWrites();
-                view.HostBytes = ibo->MappedData();
-                view.Size = ibo->GetSize();
-                break;
-            }
-            (void)entry;
            return view;
        }

@@ -269,7 +240,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES::MultiDrawImpl {
        //
        // This was the LAST unguarded frontend read on the multi-draw apply path, and it sat
        // twenty lines above the function that retired its neighbour. It asked
-        // `MGB_CTX->GetBufferBindingSlot(BufferTarget::DrawIndirect)` and then
+        // `gPipeInputs->GetBufferBindingSlot(BufferTarget::DrawIndirect)` and then
        // `EnsureBufferResource(<frontend object>)` - a registry lookup keyed by the client's
        // identity, which is §4.4's rule and not only the allocator's. Under run-ahead that is
        // `Fatal{UnmigratedPipeInput, "GetBufferBindingSlot@DrawArrays"}` on every batch the
@@ -293,23 +264,13 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES::MultiDrawImpl {
        // an empty slot, and not the arm test (ID-110: the arm was decided by the transport
        // above, never inferred from a null).
        Uint BoundDrawIndirectBufferId() {
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
-            if (MG_Config::Transport != MG_Config::TransportMode::Monolith) {
-                const MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res = MG_Pipe::MGPipeApplier().VerbIndirectBuffer;
-                if (MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(res)) return 0;
-                auto* resource = BufferImpl::EnsureBufferResourceForHandle(nullptr, res);
-                if (resource == nullptr) {
-                    RefuseMissingIndirectBufferRecord("BoundDrawIndirectBufferId", res);
-                }
-                return resource->id;
+            const MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res = MG_Pipe::MGPipeApplier().VerbIndirectBuffer;
+            if (MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(res)) return 0;
+            auto* resource = BufferImpl::EnsureBufferResourceForHandle(nullptr, res);
+            if (resource == nullptr) {
+                RefuseMissingIndirectBufferRecord("BoundDrawIndirectBufferId", res);
            }
-#endif
-            // MONOLITH GLUE from here down, token for token what this function did before.
-            const auto& indirect =
-                MGB_CTX->GetBufferBindingSlot(BufferTarget::DrawIndirect).GetBoundObject();
-            if (!indirect) return 0;
-            const auto* resource = BufferImpl::EnsureBufferResource(indirect);
-            return resource ? resource->id : 0;
+            return resource->id;
        }

        // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -370,7 +331,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES::MultiDrawImpl {
            BufferImpl::BindBufferId(BufferImpl::TempBufferTarget, buffer.id);
            // Grow in powers of two so a batch that creeps up in size stops respecifying.
            SizeT capacity = buffer.capacity == 0 ? bytes : buffer.capacity;
-            while (capacity < bytes) capacity *= 2;
+            while (capacity < bytes)
+                capacity *= 2;
            g_GLESFuncs.glBufferData(BufferImpl::TempBufferTarget, static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(capacity), nullptr,
                                     GL_STREAM_DRAW);
            buffer.capacity = capacity;
@@ -404,7 +366,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES::MultiDrawImpl {
            const SizeT aligned = (bytes + kRingAlignment - 1) & ~(kRingAlignment - 1);
            if (buffer.capacity < aligned) {
                SizeT capacity = buffer.capacity == 0 ? kMinRingBytes : buffer.capacity;
-                while (capacity < aligned) capacity *= 2;
+                while (capacity < aligned)
+                    capacity *= 2;
                g_GLESFuncs.glBufferData(BufferImpl::TempBufferTarget, static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(capacity), nullptr,
                                         GL_STREAM_DRAW);
                buffer.capacity = capacity;
@@ -437,7 +400,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES::MultiDrawImpl {
        // driver entries it saves. mc_sodium_multidraw (132 batches x 32 sub-draws),
        // ns/op, median of three:
        //
-        //                    NVIDIA ES 3.2   Mesa llvmpipe ES 3.2
+        //                    NVIDIA ES 3.2     llvmpipe ES 3.2
        //   ext                  n/a               19300
        //   basevertex           2500              25200
        //   multiindirect        5700              27600
@@ -469,9 +432,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES::MultiDrawImpl {
        void ResolveTierOnce() {
            if (g_tierResolved) return;
            g_tierResolved = true;
-            g_resolvedTier =
-                ResolveTier(g_GLESCapabilities, g_GLESFuncs, MG_Config::Features.EsprytMultiDrawMode,
-                            &g_tierResolution);
+            g_resolvedTier = ResolveTier(g_GLESCapabilities, g_GLESFuncs, MG_Config::Features.EsprytMultiDrawMode,
+                                         &g_tierResolution);
            MGLOG_D("DirectGLES multi-draw: %s", g_tierResolution.c_str());
        }

@@ -494,8 +456,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES::MultiDrawImpl {
        // the batch's own shape - not the driver - rules it out; the compute tier keeps
        // its remaining feasibility checks inside its implementation, where the data it
        // has to walk is already in hand.
-        GLESMultiDrawMode ResolveTierForBatch(Bool programReadsDrawID, Bool perSubDrawBaseVertex,
-                                              Bool hasIndexBuffer, Bool arbitraryRestart) {
+        GLESMultiDrawMode ResolveTierForBatch(Bool programReadsDrawID, Bool perSubDrawBaseVertex, Bool hasIndexBuffer,
+                                              Bool arbitraryRestart) {
            ResolveTierOnce();
            GLESMultiDrawMode tier = g_resolvedTier;

@@ -527,8 +489,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES::MultiDrawImpl {
            // The indirect tiers describe each sub-draw as an element offset into the
            // bound element array buffer. A client-memory index array has no such buffer,
            // and indirect draws are not defined without one.
-            if (!hasIndexBuffer &&
-                (tier == GLESMultiDrawMode::MultiIndirect || tier == GLESMultiDrawMode::Indirect)) {
+            if (!hasIndexBuffer && (tier == GLESMultiDrawMode::MultiIndirect || tier == GLESMultiDrawMode::Indirect)) {
                tier = SupportsTier(GLESMultiDrawMode::BaseVertex) ? GLESMultiDrawMode::BaseVertex
                                                                   : GLESMultiDrawMode::DrawElements;
            }
@@ -550,14 +511,18 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES::MultiDrawImpl {
            for (SizeT i = 0; i < sourceIndexCount; ++i) {
                Uint32 value = 0;
                switch (indexSize) {
-                case 1: value = source[i]; break;
+                case 1:
+                    value = source[i];
+                    break;
                case 2: {
                    Uint16 narrow = 0;
                    std::memcpy(&narrow, source + i * 2, sizeof(narrow));
                    value = narrow;
                    break;
                }
-                default: std::memcpy(&value, source + i * 4, sizeof(value)); break;
+                default:
+                    std::memcpy(&value, source + i * 4, sizeof(value));
+                    break;
                }
                // Unsigned wraparound is the defined behaviour for a negative base vertex.
                out[i] = (restartActive && value == restartSentinel) ? 0xFFFFFFFFu : value + baseVertexBits;
@@ -572,9 +537,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES::MultiDrawImpl {
        // P5e (mv): `hasIndexBuffer` is a Bool and not the frontend object it used to be,
        // because presence is the only thing this function ever asked of it - and on the record
        // arm there is no such object on this side to hand it.
-        const Uint8* ResolveSubDrawIndices(Bool hasIndexBuffer, const Uint8* indexBufferBytes,
-                                           SizeT indexBufferSize, const void* indices, SizeT indexCount,
-                                           SizeT indexSize) {
+        const Uint8* ResolveSubDrawIndices(Bool hasIndexBuffer, const Uint8* indexBufferBytes, SizeT indexBufferSize,
+                                           const void* indices, SizeT indexCount, SizeT indexSize) {
            if (!hasIndexBuffer) {
                return static_cast<const Uint8*>(indices);
            }
@@ -657,7 +621,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES::MultiDrawImpl {
                for (GLsizei i = 0; i < drawcount; ++i) {
                    if (feedDrawID) SetCurrentDrawID(static_cast<Uint32>(i));
                    if (feedBaseVertex) SetCurrentBaseVertex(basevertex ? basevertex[i] : 0);
-                    const SizeT commandOffset = commandBase + static_cast<SizeT>(i) * sizeof(DrawElementsIndirectCommand);
+                    const SizeT commandOffset =
+                        commandBase + static_cast<SizeT>(i) * sizeof(DrawElementsIndirectCommand);
                    ForEachViewportRoutingPass([&] {
                        g_GLESFuncs.glDrawElementsIndirect(mode, type, reinterpret_cast<const void*>(commandOffset));
                    });
@@ -697,8 +662,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES::MultiDrawImpl {
        // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

        Bool RunRebasedDrawElements(GLenum mode, const GLsizei* count, GLenum type, const GLvoid* const* indices,
-                                    GLsizei drawcount, const GLint* basevertex, Bool feedDrawID,
-                                    Bool feedBaseVertex) {
+                                    GLsizei drawcount, const GLint* basevertex, Bool feedDrawID, Bool feedBaseVertex) {
            const SizeT indexSize = IndexTypeSize(type);
            if (indexSize == 0) return false;

@@ -735,8 +699,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES::MultiDrawImpl {
                                                            indices[i], subDrawCount, indexSize);
                if (!source) {
                    MGLOG_E_ONCE("DirectGLES multi-draw (drawelements tier): sub-draw %d reads outside the bound index "
-                            "buffer; skipping the batch",
-                            i);
+                                 "buffer; skipping the batch",
+                                 i);
                    return false;
                }
                RebaseIndices(source, subDrawCount, indexSize, basevertex ? basevertex[i] : 0, restartActive,
@@ -854,7 +818,8 @@ void main() {
            if (status != GL_TRUE) {
                char log[1024] = {};
                g_GLESFuncs.glGetShaderInfoLog(shader, sizeof(log) - 1, nullptr, log);
-                MGLOG_E_ONCE("DirectGLES multi-draw (compute tier): index-flattening shader failed to compile: %s", log);
+                MGLOG_E_ONCE("DirectGLES multi-draw (compute tier): index-flattening shader failed to compile: %s",
+                             log);
                g_GLESFuncs.glDeleteShader(shader);
                return false;
            }
@@ -1063,13 +1028,20 @@ void main() {

    const char* TierName(GLESMultiDrawMode tier) {
        switch (tier) {
-        case GLESMultiDrawMode::Auto: return "auto";
-        case GLESMultiDrawMode::Ext: return "ext";
-        case GLESMultiDrawMode::MultiIndirect: return "multiindirect";
-        case GLESMultiDrawMode::Indirect: return "indirect";
-        case GLESMultiDrawMode::BaseVertex: return "basevertex";
-        case GLESMultiDrawMode::DrawElements: return "drawelements";
-        case GLESMultiDrawMode::Compute: return "compute";
+        case GLESMultiDrawMode::Auto:
+            return "auto";
+        case GLESMultiDrawMode::Ext:
+            return "ext";
+        case GLESMultiDrawMode::MultiIndirect:
+            return "multiindirect";
+        case GLESMultiDrawMode::Indirect:
+            return "indirect";
+        case GLESMultiDrawMode::BaseVertex:
+            return "basevertex";
+        case GLESMultiDrawMode::DrawElements:
+            return "drawelements";
+        case GLESMultiDrawMode::Compute:
+            return "compute";
        }
        return "unknown";
    }
@@ -1108,8 +1080,7 @@ void main() {
        const Bool arbitraryRestart = restartKind == RestartSubstitutionKind::RewriteIndices;
        const ScopedSuppressedPrimitiveRestart restartCapOverride(restartKind);

-        const Bool hasIndexBuffer =
-            ResolveBoundIndexBuffer(IndexBufferQuestion::Presence, "DrawElementsBatch").Present;
+        const Bool hasIndexBuffer = ResolveBoundIndexBuffer(IndexBufferQuestion::Presence, "DrawElementsBatch").Present;

        // The compute tier dispatches BEFORE the draw state is established: doing it
        // afterwards would mean unpicking the program, SSBO and index bindings
@@ -1163,8 +1134,8 @@ void main() {
            drawn = RunBaseVertexLoop(mode, count, type, indices, drawcount, basevertex, feedDrawID, feedBaseVertex);
            break;
        case GLESMultiDrawMode::DrawElements:
-            drawn = RunRebasedDrawElements(mode, count, type, indices, drawcount, basevertex, feedDrawID,
-                                           feedBaseVertex);
+            drawn =
+                RunRebasedDrawElements(mode, count, type, indices, drawcount, basevertex, feedDrawID, feedBaseVertex);
            break;
        case GLESMultiDrawMode::Compute:
            // Its pre-pass ran above; reaching here means it declined this batch's shape.
@@ -1183,13 +1154,13 @@ void main() {
            drawn = RunBaseVertexLoop(mode, count, type, indices, drawcount, basevertex, feedDrawID, feedBaseVertex);
        }
        if (!drawn) {
-            drawn = RunRebasedDrawElements(mode, count, type, indices, drawcount, basevertex, feedDrawID,
-                                           feedBaseVertex);
+            drawn =
+                RunRebasedDrawElements(mode, count, type, indices, drawcount, basevertex, feedDrawID, feedBaseVertex);
        }
        if (!drawn) {
            MGLOG_E_ONCE("DirectGLES multi-draw: no usable tier for a %d sub-draw batch (mode 0x%x, type 0x%x); "
-                    "the batch was dropped",
-                    drawcount, mode, type);
+                         "the batch was dropped",
+                         drawcount, mode, type);
        }
    }
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES::MultiDrawImpl
@@ -17,9 +17,6 @@
 // translation units that include it without copying Managers.h's include order.
 #include "DirectGLES.h"

-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH
-#include <MG_Impl/Pipe/SlotAllocator.h>
-#endif
 #if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
 #include <MG_Pipe/PipeSessionFail.h>
 #endif
@@ -43,69 +40,36 @@
 //    MG_Remote/Server/PipeObjectTables) be an array rather than an object graph.
 //
 // Death is ANNOUNCED, and that is what lets this table have no garbage collector - the
-// deliverable ROADMAP.md:18 spells "GC" in and the one D13 makes a precondition of the switch-
+// one the slot-table plan lists for deletion as "GC" and the one D13 makes a precondition of the switch-
 // over. All six re-keyed object classes raise MG_State::GLState::NotifyStateObjectDestroyed()
-// from their destructor (BufferBackendOps' shape, one entry point for six kinds), the backend
-// consumes it in Managers.cpp, and OnFrontendObjectDestroyed() below drops the twin in EVERY
-// table of the kind and returns the slot, at the moment the frontend object's last SharedPtr
-// goes. So:
-//   * there is NO draw-path tick, NO creation tick and NO sweep of any kind on this arm. The
-//     seven CollectGarbageIfNeeded call sites in DirectGLES.cpp drive the LEGACY registry only;
+// from their destructor carrying {kind, lifetimeId, handle}; the backend consumes it in
+// Managers.cpp and releases the twin BY THAT HANDLE in every holder of the kind
+// (ReleaseTwinByHandle below - the same release the wire's object_death runs on a server), and
+// the CLIENT returns the slot after the notice (PipeFill.cpp's NotifyAndFree). So:
+//   * there is NO draw-path tick, NO creation tick and NO sweep of any kind;
 //   * a twin, and the driver storage it owns, is freed when the application lets go of the
 //     object rather than up to 64 creations or 1024 draw ticks later. That is what
 //     Managers.h's "dead gigabytes" note asked for.
 //
 // EVERY HOLDER OF THE KIND, not one. Two live tables of one kind is a real configuration - the
 // ScopedDirectGLESTextureBindings fixture keeps a by-value copy of the Texture registry for the
-// length of a test, and a context reset does the same in reverse - and the slot allocator
-// erases its lifetimeId -> slot mapping on Free, so a notice delivered to one holder and
-// resolved again by the next would find nothing to resolve. Every table therefore links itself
-// into a per-table-type list at construction and out at destruction, and one notice resolves
-// the handle ONCE, drops the twin in each holder BY HANDLE, and frees the slot once, last. No
-// holder can be left naming a live entry for a dead object, and there is nothing a sweep could
-// still find. (The list is per table TYPE; the kind is the type's template parameter, and each
-// of the six kinds has exactly one table type in this backend. Magma's subsystem-4 table mints
-// out of its own per-renderer allocator, not MGPipeSlots(), so it is not a holder here.)
+// length of a test, and a context reset does the same in reverse. Every table therefore links
+// itself into a per-table-type list at construction and out at destruction, and one release
+// drops the twin in each holder by handle. (The list is per table TYPE; the kind is the type's
+// template parameter, and each of the six kinds has exactly one table type in this backend.)
 //
-// The weak_ptr per entry survives as the MONOLITH-GLUE half of the table's identity: the
-// minting GetOrCreate stores it, NoteStateForHandle/StateForHandle read it, and the legacy
-// death notice walks it. It is never an identity test - that is what Gen is for - and it is
-// never read to decide whether an entry is dead: a destructor that runs after exit() has begun
-// has its notice dropped by InProcessTeardown(), and that twin is then a DELIBERATE leak (the
-// process is exiting, the driver reclaims the object, and a twin destructor must not call into
-// a driver that may already be unloaded), not something to be collected later.
+// A destructor that runs after exit() has begun has its notice dropped by InProcessTeardown(),
+// and that twin is then a DELIBERATE leak (the process is exiting, the driver reclaims the
+// object, and a twin destructor must not call into a driver that may already be unloaded).
 //
-// P5e (id, CONTRACT-P5E §4.1): ForEachLive() NO LONGER HANDS IT OUT. It answers
-// fn(MGPipeHandle, const BackendPtr&), because a walk that produced a frontend SharedPtr out
-// of server memory was the last place the server could hold one across records - and a caller
-// that still needs the object (the detach walk) asks StateForHandle for it BY HANDLE, inside
-// the scope that names the debt, so the read is one greppable site rather than a property of
-// the iteration.
-//
-// P3+ DEBT, recorded rather than hidden: this header is under MG_Backend/ and it MINTS
-// handles (MGPipeSlots().Acquire below) off a frontend SharedPtr's GetLifetimeId().
-// MGPipeHandles.h:13-16 says a handle is minted by the CLIENT and never by the server, and
-// under a real split neither the frontend object nor its lifetime id exists on this side of
-// the wire. This is monolith glue: the minting and the lifetimeId -> handle resolution both
-// belong on the client, and the backend should receive the handle in the verb payload. It is
-// NOT part of "Track H done" and check_include_closure.py does not probe MG_Backend headers,
-// so nothing catches it automatically.
-//
-// P5c (hd, CONTRACT-P5C §3.1) is what gives the debt teeth: with an active transport the
-// minting GetOrCreate, HandleOf and OnFrontendObjectDestroyed raise
-// Fatal{RoleViolation, "MGPipeSlots"} when reached from the apply thread (the same check the
-// allocator's own three entries carry, repeated here so the refusal names this surface), and
-// the split paths resolve through GetOrCreate(handle) / ReleaseByHandle instead.
-//
-// P5f (fr): the frontend-keyed half survives only as MONOLITH GLUE. HandleOf,
-// GetOrCreate(StatePtr), NoteStateForHandle and StateForHandle refuse EVERY transport
-// apply before touching a frontend object, with or without a barrier or named scope.
-// Find(StateObject*) delegates to HandleOf; handle-only iteration never reads stateRef.
-// The registry guard is independent of Magma's legacy allocator debt scope.
+// P13: THE TABLE IS HANDLE-ONLY. The frontend-keyed half - a GetOrCreate that minted handles
+// off a frontend object's lifetime id from inside MG_Backend, the object-keyed Find / HandleOf
+// with their lifetime-id memo, the weak per-entry state note and the lifetime-id death walk -
+// was monolith glue, unreachable once every family ran the record arm, and is deleted. A handle
+// is minted by the CLIENT and arrives in the record; nothing on this side touches the client's
+// slot allocator (the link ratchet's P13 exit gate pins that).
 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {

-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH
-
    // Declared in Managers.h as well; repeated here because this header is included from it
    // before that declaration, and the table below is the arming site on this arm (D13: "the
    // arming site moves to the slot table's first insertion").
@@ -122,9 +86,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {

    EsprytSlotArmVerdict ClassifyEsprytSlotArm(Bool subsystemBitSet, Bool legacyMemosEnabled);

-    // This process's verdict, read off MG_Config::Features. Latches nothing and stops nothing.
-    EsprytSlotArmVerdict CurrentEsprytSlotArmVerdict();
-
    // Says, at backend bring-up, that the knobs leave no arm - and does NOT stop.
    //
    // The stop cannot live here, and that is the whole point of the split. Backend context
@@ -132,7 +93,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
    // sequence in a FORKED CHILD (MG_IntegrationTest/Harness/HeadlessGL.cpp): a child that dies
    // on a signal is reported as "no usable GPU/display/ICD" and every scenario in the lane is
    // SKIPPED - i.e. the lane goes green having run nothing, on the very pair of env vars the
-    // D14/D18 A/B is driven with, which is what ROADMAP.md:7 forbids. So bring-up only
+    // D14/D18 A/B is driven with, which is what ARCHITECTURE.md §13.2 forbids. So bring-up only
    // DIAGNOSES; the stop is raised by ResolveEsprytSlotTablesArm() at the first twin lookup,
    // which happens in the test body where the harness reports it as a failure.
    //
@@ -140,6 +101,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
    // DirectGLESSlotTable.EglBringUpUnderTheArmlessKnobPairReturnsInsteadOfStopping, which runs
    // the real bring-up entry point under the pair in a forked child: edit that site back to
    // ResolveEsprytSlotTablesArm() and the case fails naming both knobs.
+    // This process's verdict, read off MG_Config::Features. Latches nothing and stops nothing.
+    EsprytSlotArmVerdict CurrentEsprytSlotArmVerdict();
+
    void DiagnoseEsprytSlotArm();

    // Reads the config, logs, installs the death-notice consumer, and STOPS when the operator
@@ -151,7 +115,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
    // True when this process runs the {slot, gen} arm. Fixed for the life of the process: the
    // two arms hold their twins in different containers, so flipping mid-run would strand them.
    //
-    // INLINE on purpose. Every Find / GetOrCreate / HandleOf / ForEachLive on the twin tables
+    // INLINE on purpose. Every FindByHandle / GetOrCreate / ForEachLive on the twin tables
    // consults it, i.e. it is on the per-draw path several times per draw. As an out-of-line
    // function in Managers.cpp (no LTO in any shipped configuration) that was a call through
    // the PLT per lookup; here the caller sees a guard-variable load and a perfectly-predicted
@@ -184,7 +148,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
    // are two clients, and nothing may be shared with either from the other.
    //
    // THE HOLDER LIST STAYS PROCESS-WIDE AND THAT IS NOT A COMPROMISE. A notice is about an
-    // OBJECT, not about a bucket: OnFrontendObjectDestroyed and ReleaseTwinByHandle must reach
+    // OBJECT, not about a bucket: ReleaseTwinByHandle must reach
    // the by-value copies a fixture or a context reset is holding, whichever bucket they sit in,
    // and "which bucket holds it" is exactly the question that produced the two-holder leak the
    // list exists to fix. Each SHARED holder of the list is ONE bucket; the walk therefore covers
@@ -242,6 +206,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        Table& ForCallingThread() const {
            Key key;
            CurrentTwinKey(&key);
+            // The memo hit without the SharedPtr copy Shared() hands out: two atomic reference
+            // count operations per twin lookup, several lookups per draw (P14). The map keeps the
+            // table alive; only Drop/DropSession/Reset release it, and they clear the memo.
+            if (m_memoTable != nullptr && m_memoKey == key) return *m_memoTable;
            return *Shared(key);
        }

@@ -249,7 +217,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        Vector<SharedPtr<Table>> Snapshot() const {
            Vector<SharedPtr<Table>> all;
            all.reserve(m_buckets.size());
-            for (const auto& bucket : m_buckets) all.push_back(bucket.second);
+            for (const auto& bucket : m_buckets)
+                all.push_back(bucket.second);
            return all;
        }

@@ -302,7 +271,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            m_buckets.clear();
            m_memoKey = Key{};
            m_memoTable = nullptr;
-            for (const SharedPtr<Table>& table : all) table->Reset();
+            for (const SharedPtr<Table>& table : all)
+                table->Reset();
        }

        // ---- the calling thread's bucket, member for member ---------------------------------
@@ -313,12 +283,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        // - unchanged source - answer from the right context's object namespace. A caller that
        // must name a bucket OTHER than its own (a death walk, a case) takes Shared()/Snapshot()
        // and calls the table directly.
-        BackendPtr& GetOrCreate(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle) {
-            return ForCallingThread().GetOrCreate(handle);
-        }
-        BackendPtr* FindByHandle(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle) {
-            return ForCallingThread().FindByHandle(handle);
-        }
+        BackendPtr& GetOrCreate(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle) { return ForCallingThread().GetOrCreate(handle); }
+        BackendPtr* FindByHandle(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle) { return ForCallingThread().FindByHandle(handle); }
        const BackendPtr* FindByHandle(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle) const {
            return ForCallingThread().FindByHandle(handle);
        }
@@ -331,15 +297,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            return Shared(key)->GetOrCreate(handle);
        }
        Uint32 LiveGenAt(Uint32 slot) const { return ForCallingThread().LiveGenAt(slot); }
-        MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle HandleOf(const StateObject* stateObj) const {
-            return ForCallingThread().HandleOf(stateObj);
-        }
-        void NoteStateForHandle(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle, const StatePtr& stateObj) {
-            ForCallingThread().NoteStateForHandle(handle, stateObj);
-        }
-        StatePtr StateForHandle(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle) const {
-            return ForCallingThread().StateForHandle(handle);
-        }
        template <typename Fn>
        void ForEachLive(Fn&& fn) const {
            // THE CALLING THREAD'S BUCKET, not every bucket, and that is the semantic answer
@@ -361,20 +318,13 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        // The process-wide answer for the two statics: a notice is about an OBJECT, so it must
        // reach the twin in EVERY bucket of EVERY holder. They forward to the table's own
        // statics, which walk the holder list - each SHARED holder of it is one bucket.
-        static Bool ReleaseTwinByHandle(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle) {
-            return Table::ReleaseTwinByHandle(handle);
-        }
-        static Bool OnFrontendObjectDestroyed(Uint64 lifetimeId) {
-            return Table::OnFrontendObjectDestroyed(lifetimeId);
-        }
+        static Bool ReleaseTwinByHandle(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle) { return Table::ReleaseTwinByHandle(handle); }
        // The instance spelling, and it HANDS THE TWIN OUT rather than answering a Bool: the two
        // tables that ARE a bucket registry (buffers, sampler views) have always been called as
        // `g_backendBufferResources.ReleaseByHandle(res)` and their callers still have to decide
        // what happens to the driver id the twin owns. The bucket is the CALLING THREAD'S, which
        // is the bucket that twin was created in.
-        BackendPtr ReleaseByHandle(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle) {
-            return ForCallingThread().ReleaseByHandle(handle);
-        }
+        BackendPtr ReleaseByHandle(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle) { return ForCallingThread().ReleaseByHandle(handle); }
        static Uint32 HolderCount() { return Table::HolderCount(); }
        Uint32 LiveCount() const { return ForCallingThread().LiveCount(); }
        Uint32 CompositeLiveCount() const { return ForCallingThread().CompositeLiveCount(); }
@@ -408,8 +358,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
    template <typename StateObject, typename BackendObject, MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind kKind>
    class BackendSlotTable {
    public:
-        using StatePtr = SharedPtr<StateObject>;
-        using StateWeakPtr = std::weak_ptr<StateObject>;
        using BackendPtr = SharedPtr<BackendObject>;

        // The largest slot index this table will grow to for a handle that ARRIVED in a call's
@@ -439,14 +387,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {

        struct Entry {
            BackendPtr backend;
-            // THE MONOLITH-GLUE HALF of the entry (P5e, CONTRACT-P5E §4.1): written by the
-            // minting GetOrCreate and by NoteStateForHandle, read only by StateForHandle and
-            // the legacy death notice. Never compared against another object to decide identity
-            // - that is what Gen is for - never dereferenced for its address, and never read to
-            // decide whether the slot is dead: death is announced, not discovered. ForEachLive
-            // stopped reading it at P5e: a walk that handed a frontend SharedPtr out of server
-            // memory on every step was the last place the server could hold one across records.
-            StateWeakPtr stateRef;
            // The generation this entry's twin was built for. An entry whose Gen no longer
            // matches the allocator's is a twin of the slot's PREVIOUS owner.
            Uint32 Gen = 0;
@@ -456,27 +396,18 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        // Every constructor links the table into the per-type holder list and the destructor
        // unlinks it, so a by-value copy (the ScopedDirectGLESTextureBindings fixture's saved
        // registry) is a holder for exactly as long as it exists. Copy and move carry the
-        // ENTRIES and the memo; the links are the table's own and are never copied.
+        // ENTRIES; the links are the table's own and are never copied.
        BackendSlotTable() { LinkHolder(); }
-        BackendSlotTable(const BackendSlotTable& other):
-            m_ownerSession(other.m_ownerSession),
-            m_slots(other.m_slots),
-            m_band(other.m_band),
-            m_nullTwin(other.m_nullTwin),
-            m_memoLifetimeId(other.m_memoLifetimeId),
-            m_memoHandle(other.m_memoHandle) {
+        BackendSlotTable(const BackendSlotTable& other)
+            : m_ownerSession(other.m_ownerSession), m_slots(other.m_slots), m_band(other.m_band),
+              m_nullTwin(other.m_nullTwin) {
            LinkHolder();
        }
-        BackendSlotTable(BackendSlotTable&& other) noexcept:
-            m_ownerSession(other.m_ownerSession),
-            m_slots(std::move(other.m_slots)),
-            m_band(std::move(other.m_band)),
-            m_nullTwin(std::move(other.m_nullTwin)),
-            m_memoLifetimeId(other.m_memoLifetimeId),
-            m_memoHandle(other.m_memoHandle) {
+        BackendSlotTable(BackendSlotTable&& other) noexcept
+            : m_ownerSession(other.m_ownerSession), m_slots(std::move(other.m_slots)), m_band(std::move(other.m_band)),
+              m_nullTwin(std::move(other.m_nullTwin)) {
            other.m_slots.clear();
            other.m_band.clear();
-            other.ForgetHandle();
            LinkHolder();
        }
        BackendSlotTable& operator=(const BackendSlotTable& other) {
@@ -484,8 +415,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                m_slots = other.m_slots;
                m_band = other.m_band;
                m_nullTwin = other.m_nullTwin;
-                m_memoLifetimeId = other.m_memoLifetimeId;
-                m_memoHandle = other.m_memoHandle;
            }
            return *this;
        }
@@ -494,11 +423,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                m_slots = std::move(other.m_slots);
                m_band = std::move(other.m_band);
                m_nullTwin = std::move(other.m_nullTwin);
-                m_memoLifetimeId = other.m_memoLifetimeId;
-                m_memoHandle = other.m_memoHandle;
                other.m_slots.clear();
                other.m_band.clear();
-                other.ForgetHandle();
            }
            return *this;
        }
@@ -510,91 +436,17 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        void SetOwnerSession(Uint64 session) { m_ownerSession = session; }
        Uint64 OwnerSession() const { return m_ownerSession; }

-        // Resolve-or-create. The handle comes from the client allocator keyed on the frontend
-        // object's lifetime id, so two calls for the same live object always land on the same
-        // slot, and a successor object at the same heap address never does.
-        BackendPtr& GetOrCreate(const StatePtr& stateObj) {
-            // No assert on null here, unlike the map arm: null is TOLERATED, so a DEBUG build
-            // must not trap where the release build quietly does the documented thing.
-            if (stateObj == nullptr) {
-                // The registry this replaces inserted a null KEY and handed back that entry's
-                // twin (DirectGLES.cpp's SyncTextureObjectToBackend documents relying on
-                // exactly that tolerance), so a release build never dereferenced null here.
-                // Keep the shape exactly, INCLUDING across calls: the map kept its null-keyed
-                // entry, so a second null call was handed the same twin the first one got.
-                // Resetting here instead would have destroyed it - an arm difference in the one
-                // path that documents relying on this. One per-table parking slot, never live,
-                // never handed a handle, because a null object has no identity and
-                // therefore cannot have a {slot, gen}.
-                return m_nullTwin;
-            }
-
-            // D13: the teardown sentinel is armed by the slot table's first insertion. Twin
-            // creation is the moment a driver-owned id starts needing a guarded destructor;
-            // this is the cold path, so the once-guard costs nothing per draw. On the legacy
-            // arm StateBackendObjectRegistry::GetOrCreate arms it itself.
-            EnsureProcessTeardownSentinel();
-
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
-            // This overload mints from frontend identity and is monolith-only. Refuse
-            // before either the client object or allocator is touched, even when a
-            // legacy named scope is open and the current record is barriered.
-            MG_Pipe::MGPipeRefuseFrontendKeyedRegistryFromApplyThread("GetOrCreate(StatePtr)");
-#endif
-
-            const MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle =
-                MG_Pipe::MGPipeSlots().Acquire(kKind, stateObj->GetLifetimeId());
-            MOBILEGL_ASSERT(!MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(handle),
-                            "MGPipe slot space of kind %u is exhausted",
-                            static_cast<Uint32>(kKind));
-            Entry& entry = EntryAt(handle.Slot);
-            if (entry.Live && entry.Gen != handle.Gen) {
-                // The slot was reclaimed and handed to a new object: the twin at it describes
-                // driver ids the new state object never made.
-                entry.backend.reset();
-            }
-            entry.Gen = handle.Gen;
-            entry.Live = true;
-            entry.stateRef = stateObj;
-            // No creation tick and no sweep here. The registry this replaces needed both,
-            // because nothing told it a texture or a renderbuffer had been DELETED and object
-            // CHURN rather than draw count is what made that urgent. Every one of the six kinds
-            // now announces its own death from its destructor, so a dead twin's slot is already
-            // back before the next creation asks for one.
-            RememberHandle(stateObj->GetLifetimeId(), handle);
-            return entry.backend;
-        }
-
-        // P3a: resolve-or-create BY HANDLE, and it is the shape that discharges the debt this
-        // header records against itself at the top of the file.
+        // P3a: resolve-or-create BY HANDLE - since P13 the only resolve-or-create there is. The
+        // handle ARRIVED, in the call's payload, already minted by the client; this never
+        // touches the allocator. It indexes the slot, notices a generation that no longer
+        // matches (the slot was recycled, so the twin at it describes driver ids the new
+        // resource never made) and hands back the twin pointer.
        //
-        // The overload above mints - it calls MGPipeSlots().Acquire off a frontend object's
-        // lifetime id, from inside MG_Backend - which is monolith glue: a handle is minted by
-        // the CLIENT, and under a real split neither the object nor its lifetime id exists on
-        // this side. This overload never touches the allocator at all. The handle ARRIVED, in
-        // the call's payload, already minted by the side that owns minting; all this does is
-        // index the slot, notice a generation that no longer matches (the slot was recycled,
-        // so the twin at it describes driver ids the new resource never made) and hand back
-        // the twin pointer. FindByHandle beside it is the same shape and already existed.
+        // Death stays ANNOUNCED: the family's own destroy call or the shared death notice
+        // releases the twin by handle, and the slot is freed by the CLIENT after that returns.
        //
-        // No StatePtr, therefore no Entry::stateRef unless a caller that holds the object notes
-        // it (NoteStateForHandle): a handle-keyed entry has no frontend object to weakly hold
-        // by itself. P5e (§4.1) makes that stop mattering for the iteration - ForEachLive keys
-        // on Live && backend, so such an entry is VISIBLE to the walk and it is StateForHandle,
-        // asked by the one caller that needs the object, that answers null for it. Which is the
-        // same set the old stateRef-locking walk produced, decided at one site instead of in
-        // the loop.
-        //
-        // Death stays ANNOUNCED, as it is on the other overload: for a handle-keyed kind the
-        // announcement is the family's own destroy call, not the shared death notice, and the
-        // slot is freed by the CLIENT after that call returns.
-        //
-        // UNUSED AT THE CONTRACT COMMIT, deliberately: it is a member of a class template, so
-        // an uninstantiated one costs nothing anywhere, and the backend package is what gives
-        // it its first caller.
        BackendPtr& GetOrCreate(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle) {
-            MOBILEGL_ASSERT(!MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(handle),
-                            "GetOrCreate(handle) named the reserved null handle");
+            MOBILEGL_ASSERT(!MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(handle), "GetOrCreate(handle) named the reserved null handle");
            if (MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(handle)) return m_nullTwin;

            // A slot index that ARRIVED in a payload indexes a vector this call would RESIZE,
@@ -615,29 +467,23 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                    "GetOrCreate(handle) named slot %u, past this table's %u bound",
                    handle.Slot, kMaxHandleSlot);
 #else
-                MOBILEGL_ASSERT(false, "GetOrCreate(handle) named slot %u, past this table's %u bound",
-                                handle.Slot, kMaxHandleSlot);
+                MOBILEGL_ASSERT(false, "GetOrCreate(handle) named slot %u, past this table's %u bound", handle.Slot,
+                                kMaxHandleSlot);
                return m_nullTwin;
 #endif
            }

-            // Same arming as the minting overload, and for the same reason: twin creation is
-            // the moment a driver-owned id starts needing a guarded destructor.
+            // Twin creation is the moment a driver-owned id starts needing a guarded destructor.
            EnsureProcessTeardownSentinel();

-            // THE TWO DIRECTIONS ARE NOT SYMMETRIC HERE, where they are on the minting overload.
-            // There the handle comes straight out of MGPipeSlots().Acquire and can never be
-            // BEHIND the entry, so a bare `!=` only ever means "the slot was recycled forward".
-            // Here the handle arrived in a payload, so `handle.Gen < entry.Gen` is a reachable
-            // input, and adopting it would destroy the INCUMBENT LIVE twin - a driver buffer id,
-            // a persistent map, a pooled store, released by a defaulted destructor that issues
-            // no glDeleteBuffers and no pool enrolment - and then stamp the slot back to the
-            // dead resource's generation, after which the incumbent's own FindByHandle refuses
-            // it and it is silently handed a fresh, empty twin. That is a leak AND a resource
-            // that loses its storage with no diagnostic, i.e. the shape commit d7655247 fixed
-            // and the thing MGPipeHandle::Gen exists to prevent. So: forward is a recycle and
-            // resets the twin, BACKWARD is refused - which is the same answer FindByHandle
-            // below already gives the same input.
+            // THE TWO DIRECTIONS ARE NOT SYMMETRIC. The handle arrived in a payload, so
+            // `handle.Gen < entry.Gen` is a reachable input, and adopting it would destroy the INCUMBENT LIVE twin - a
+            // driver buffer id, a persistent map, a pooled store, released by a defaulted destructor that issues no
+            // glDeleteBuffers and no pool enrolment - and then stamp the slot back to the dead resource's generation,
+            // after which the incumbent's own FindByHandle refuses it and it is silently handed a fresh, empty twin.
+            // That is a leak AND a resource that loses its storage with no diagnostic, i.e. the shape commit d7655247
+            // fixed and the thing MGPipeHandle::Gen exists to prevent. So: forward is a recycle and resets the twin,
+            // BACKWARD is refused - which is the same answer FindByHandle below already gives the same input.
            Entry& entry = EntryAt(handle.Slot);
            if (entry.Live && entry.Gen > handle.Gen) {
 #if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
@@ -671,31 +517,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            return entry->Live ? entry->Gen : 0;
        }

-        // Remember/read the frontend object last used by the monolith sync path.
-        // Handles supplied to the server never need this weak state. Neither method
-        // touches the allocator, so each carries its own unconditional apply guard.
-        void NoteStateForHandle(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle, const StatePtr& stateObj) {
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
-            MG_Pipe::MGPipeRefuseFrontendKeyedRegistryFromApplyThread("NoteStateForHandle");
-#endif
-            if (MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(handle)) return;
-            Entry* const entry = EntryOrNull(handle.Slot);
-            if (entry == nullptr || !entry->Live || entry->Gen != handle.Gen) return;
-            entry->stateRef = stateObj;
-        }
-
-        // The frontend object noted for this handle, or null. The handle answers identity;
-        // this answers only "which object was this twin last synced from".
-        StatePtr StateForHandle(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle) const {
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
-            MG_Pipe::MGPipeRefuseFrontendKeyedRegistryFromApplyThread("StateForHandle");
-#endif
-            if (MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(handle)) return nullptr;
-            const Entry* const entry = EntryOrNull(handle.Slot);
-            if (entry == nullptr || !entry->Live || entry->Gen != handle.Gen) return nullptr;
-            return entry->stateRef.lock();
-        }
-
        // P3a: the death half of the overload above, for a kind whose announcement is its own
        // destroy CALL rather than the shared death notice (D-L). Hands the twin OUT rather
        // than destroying it in place, because the caller may still have to decide what
@@ -705,35 +526,20 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        // GetOrCreate from a twin destructor cannot resurrect it.
        //
        // The slot itself is NOT freed here: it belongs to the kind, and for a handle-keyed
-        // kind the CLIENT frees it after the destroy call returns (SlotAllocator.h:60 - the
+        // kind the CLIENT frees it after the destroy call returns (MGPipeSlotAllocator::Free - the
        // Gen bump rides the next handout, so a double free cannot skip a generation). An
        // entry whose Gen no longer matches is a twin of the slot's previous owner and is
        // left alone: the successor's own GetOrCreate resets it.
        BackendPtr ReleaseByHandle(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle) {
            if (MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(handle)) return BackendPtr{};
-            if (m_memoHandle.Slot == handle.Slot) ForgetHandle();
            Entry* const entry = EntryOrNull(handle.Slot);
            if (entry == nullptr || !entry->Live || entry->Gen != handle.Gen) return BackendPtr{};
            BackendPtr dead = std::move(entry->backend);
            entry->backend.reset();
-            entry->stateRef.reset();
            entry->Live = false;
            return dead;
        }

-        // Null when no live twin of this object exists. Unlike the registry's Find this NEVER
-        // mutates the table, so the returned pointer survives any later Find on it; only a
-        // GetOrCreate that grows the vector can move it, and callers that hold one across a
-        // possible insertion still copy the BackendPtr out.
-        BackendPtr* Find(StateObject* stateObj) {
-            if (stateObj == nullptr) return nullptr;
-            return FindByHandle(HandleOf(stateObj));
-        }
-
-        const BackendPtr* Find(StateObject* stateObj) const {
-            return const_cast<BackendSlotTable*>(this)->Find(stateObj);
-        }
-
        BackendPtr* FindByHandle(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle) {
            if (MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(handle)) return nullptr;
            Entry* const entry = EntryOrNull(handle.Slot);
@@ -741,65 +547,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            return &entry->backend;
        }

-        // The handle this object's twin is keyed on, or the null handle. This is what a backend
-        // memo stores instead of a raw pointer, a GL name or a bare lifetime id.
-        //
-        // A NULL answer is never memoised. The memo is per table and the allocator is per
-        // kind, so with two holders of one kind the OTHER table can be the one that acquires;
-        // a cached "no handle" here would then outlive the twin's creation over there, and
-        // nothing on this table's own acquire path would ever refresh it. A miss costs the
-        // allocator probe it always cost; a hit is refreshed the moment anyone acquires.
-        MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle HandleOf(const StateObject* stateObj) const {
-            if (stateObj == nullptr) return MG_Pipe::kMGPipeNullHandle;
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
-            // Resolve frontend identity only in the monolith path. A cache hit is
-            // subject to the same guard as a fresh allocator lookup.
-            MG_Pipe::MGPipeRefuseFrontendKeyedRegistryFromApplyThread("HandleOf");
-#endif
-            const Uint64 lifetimeId = stateObj->GetLifetimeId();
-            if (lifetimeId == m_memoLifetimeId) return m_memoHandle;
-            const MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle =
-                MG_Pipe::MGPipeSlots().FindByLifetimeId(kKind, lifetimeId);
-            if (!MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(handle)) RememberHandle(lifetimeId, handle);
-            return handle;
-        }
-
-        // P2 step e2's backend half. The frontend object with this lifetime id has just been
-        // DESTROYED: resolve its handle ONCE, drop its twin in EVERY table of this type, and
-        // return the slot to the allocator - in that order, because the allocator forgets the
-        // lifetime id on Free and a holder told second could no longer resolve it.
-        //
-        // The slot is returned whether or not any holder still had a twin at it: the lifetime
-        // id is dead and MG_State never hands one out twice, so nothing can acquire it again,
-        // and a slot minted for it that no table holds (a table reset with `= {}` drops its
-        // entries without freeing) would otherwise stay allocated for the life of the process.
-        //
-        // STATIC, and deliberately so: a notice is about an object, not about a table, and
-        // "which table holds it" is exactly the question that produced the two-holder leak.
-        // Returns whether the object had a slot of this kind, i.e. whether anything was freed;
-        // a second call for the same id answers false because the allocator no longer maps it.
-        static Bool OnFrontendObjectDestroyed(Uint64 lifetimeId) {
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
-            // P5c (hd): the Find/Free pair below is monolith-only with an active transport -
-            // a frontend death is announced to the server by the object_death record (ct),
-            // and a direct call from the apply thread is Fatal{RoleViolation, "MGPipeSlots"}.
-            MG_Pipe::MGPipeRefuseAllocatorFromApplyThread("OnFrontendObjectDestroyed");
-#endif
-            const MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle =
-                MG_Pipe::MGPipeSlots().FindByLifetimeId(kKind, lifetimeId);
-            if (MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(handle)) return false;
-            for (BackendSlotTable* holder = s_firstHolder; holder != nullptr;) {
-                // The successor is read BEFORE the release: ReleaseTwinAt runs the twin's
-                // destructor, which is a driver call, and nothing that outlives it may be a
-                // reference into this holder.
-                BackendSlotTable* const next = holder->m_nextHolder;
-                holder->ReleaseTwinAt(handle);
-                holder = next;
-            }
-            MG_Pipe::MGPipeSlots().Free(kKind, handle);
-            return true;
-        }
-
        // P5c (ct), CONTRACT-P5C.md §5.2: the handle-keyed half of the above, for a death that
        // arrived AS A WIRE RECORD (object_death) rather than as the shared notice. The
        // handle IS the resolution - it crossed in the record's payload - so the client's
@@ -838,8 +585,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        // list; nothing on a shipping path asks.
        static Uint32 HolderCount() {
            Uint32 count = 0;
-            for (const BackendSlotTable* holder = s_firstHolder; holder != nullptr;
-                 holder = holder->m_nextHolder) {
+            for (const BackendSlotTable* holder = s_firstHolder; holder != nullptr; holder = holder->m_nextHolder) {
                ++count;
            }
            return count;
@@ -851,14 +597,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        // it must not have - and replaces P3a's own fn(StatePtr, BackendPtr), which handed a
        // frontend SharedPtr OUT OF SERVER MEMORY on every step.
        //
-        // WHAT THE CALLER LOST AND HOW IT GETS IT BACK, because the two are not the same thing.
-        // The walk no longer locks Entry::stateRef, so a caller that needs the frontend object
-        // asks StateForHandle(handle) for it - which is the same weak reference, read at one
-        // named site inside the scope that owns the debt, instead of at every step of an
-        // iteration. Coverage is UNCHANGED by construction: an entry ForEachLive used to skip
-        // because its stateRef did not lock is one whose StateForHandle answers null, and the
-        // caller skips it there instead.
-        //
        // The handle is the entry's own {slot, gen}, band-aware: a composite ShaderCso's slot
        // is reported as kMGPipeShaderCsoCompositeSlotBase + its band index, i.e. the slot the
        // client minted, never the index into m_band.
@@ -879,9 +617,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                const Entry& entry = m_band[index];
                if (!entry.Live || !entry.backend) continue;
                const BackendPtr twin = entry.backend;
-                fn(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle{
-                       static_cast<Uint32>(index) + MG_Pipe::kMGPipeShaderCsoCompositeSlotBase,
-                       entry.Gen},
+                fn(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle{static_cast<Uint32>(index) + MG_Pipe::kMGPipeShaderCsoCompositeSlotBase,
+                                         entry.Gen},
                   twin);
            }
        }
@@ -898,7 +635,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            Vector<Entry> slots = std::move(m_slots);
            Vector<Entry> band = std::move(m_band);
            BackendPtr nullTwin = std::move(m_nullTwin);
-            ForgetHandle();
            slots.clear();
            band.clear();
            nullTwin.reset();
@@ -934,13 +670,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {

    private:
        // Drop the twin at `handle` if THIS table holds it. Frees nothing: the slot belongs to
-        // the kind, not to the table, and OnFrontendObjectDestroyed returns it once, after
-        // every holder has let go.
+        // the kind, not to the table, and the client returns it once, after the release.
        Bool ReleaseTwinAt(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle) {
-            // Forget the memo whenever it names this slot, even if this table has no entry
-            // there: a memo can be a handle learned from the allocator for an object another
-            // holder twinned, and it must not survive the slot's next handout.
-            if (m_memoHandle.Slot == handle.Slot) ForgetHandle();
            // The twin's destructor is a driver call and could, in principle, re-enter
            // GetOrCreate on this table and resize m_slots. So NOTHING that outlives the
            // destructor may be a reference into m_slots: the twin is moved out into a local,
@@ -951,7 +682,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                if (entry == nullptr || !entry->Live || entry->Gen != handle.Gen) return false;
                dead = std::move(entry->backend);
                entry->backend.reset();
-                entry->stateRef.reset();
                entry->Live = false;
            }
            dead.reset();
@@ -968,9 +698,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            return kHasCompositeBand && MG_Pipe::MGPipeIsCompositeShaderSlot(slot);
        }
        static constexpr SizeT IndexOfSlot(Uint32 slot) {
-            return SlotIsBanded(slot)
-                       ? static_cast<SizeT>(slot - MG_Pipe::kMGPipeShaderCsoCompositeSlotBase)
-                       : static_cast<SizeT>(slot);
+            return SlotIsBanded(slot) ? static_cast<SizeT>(slot - MG_Pipe::kMGPipeShaderCsoCompositeSlotBase)
+                                      : static_cast<SizeT>(slot);
        }

        // The entry a slot names, or null when its space has never grown that far. NEVER grows:
@@ -982,12 +711,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            if (index >= table.size()) return nullptr;
            return &table[index];
        }
-        const Entry* EntryOrNull(Uint32 slot) const {
-            return const_cast<BackendSlotTable*>(this)->EntryOrNull(slot);
-        }
+        const Entry* EntryOrNull(Uint32 slot) const { return const_cast<BackendSlotTable*>(this)->EntryOrNull(slot); }

-        // Grows the right space to hold `slot`. Every caller bounds `slot` first - the minting
-        // overload because the allocator produced it, the handle overload against
+        // Grows the right space to hold `slot`. Every caller bounds `slot` first - against
        // kMaxHandleSlot - because this is the one place a client-supplied number decides an
        // allocation size. A composite slot grows m_band by (slot - base) + 1, so the ordinary
        // table never learns the band exists.
@@ -998,15 +724,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
            return table[index];
        }

-        void RememberHandle(Uint64 lifetimeId, MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle) const {
-            m_memoLifetimeId = lifetimeId;
-            m_memoHandle = handle;
-        }
-        void ForgetHandle() const {
-            m_memoLifetimeId = 0;
-            m_memoHandle = MG_Pipe::kMGPipeNullHandle;
-        }
-
        // The holder list: intrusive and doubly linked, so registering and unregistering are
        // two pointer writes with no allocation, and its head is a constant-initialised
        // static - which is what lets the process-lifetime registry globals in Managers.cpp
@@ -1043,32 +760,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        Vector<Entry> m_band;
        // Handed back by GetOrCreate for a null state object. Never live, never handed a handle.
        BackendPtr m_nullTwin;
-
-        // ONE-entry resolution memo, lifetimeId -> handle. It exists because without it every
-        // resolution goes through the allocator's ByLifetimeId hash, which the deleted
-        // TwinLookupMemos existed to avoid and which D13 promises to replace with "direct slot
-        // indexing".
-        //
-        // It is one entry and therefore only helps a caller that asks for the SAME object twice
-        // running - ResolveVaoTwin and SyncCurrentProgram do, once per draw each. Two callers
-        // it does NOT help, recorded rather than claimed away: BindCurrentFBO resolves BOTH
-        // targets in a frame, and ResolveUnitSamplerBackend asks for a different sampler per
-        // texture unit, so both thrash a single-entry memo and pay the probe P1 did not (P1 had
-        // a per-unit memo and a direct-mapped 6-slot array there). Making the memo per-unit /
-        // per-target is the fix, and G11 - the device-side gate that would price it - is owed.
-        //
-        // It cannot serve a stale answer, by three independent arguments:
-        //   * the key is a lifetime id, which MG_State never hands out twice, so a recycled
-        //     heap address cannot hit this memo the way it could hit an address-keyed one;
-        //   * a null answer is never stored, so another holder's acquire cannot be hidden by
-        //     a "no handle" this table remembered earlier; and
-        //   * even a hit for a slot that has since been freed and re-handed is caught, because
-        //     the caller resolves the handle through FindByHandle, which compares Gen.
-        // Cleared anyway when a death notice names the memoised slot. 0 is never a live
-        // lifetime id (MG_State's counters start at 1), so a zeroed memo is a guaranteed miss.
-        mutable Uint64 m_memoLifetimeId = 0;
-        mutable MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle m_memoHandle = MG_Pipe::kMGPipeNullHandle;
    };

-#endif // MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/SubgroupPolicy.h
+// Copyright (c) 2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <Includes.h>
+#include <MG_Backend/SubgroupImplementation.h>
+#include <MG_Util/BackendLoaders/OpenGL/Loader.h>
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
+    // How DirectGLES implements GL_KHR_shader_subgroup (MG_Backend/SubgroupImplementation.h),
+    // shared by the extension list, the dynamic parameters and the ESSL transpile.
+    //
+    // NATIVE where the ES driver itself has GL_KHR_shader_subgroup: the stage is transpiled
+    // with its GroupNonUniform operations intact and SPIRV-Cross spells them as the
+    // GL_KHR_shader_subgroup_* built-ins. Without Vulkan semantics SPIRV-Cross can only print
+    // the basic, vote and ballot operations (plus add/mul reductions, which do not make up the
+    // arithmetic feature), so those three features are all the native path advertises.
+    //
+    // EMULATED where it has none (Adreno's ES driver among them): the compute stage is lowered
+    // onto a 32-lane virtual subgroup in workgroup-shared memory before the transpile
+    // (EmulateSubgroupsPass), which needs nothing from the driver beyond barrier() and shared
+    // memory, and advertises every feature.
+    inline SubgroupImplementation ResolveEsprytSubgroupImplementation(const MG_External::GLESCapabilities& caps) {
+        return ResolveSubgroupImplementation(caps.SupportsShaderSubgroup);
+    }
+
+    inline constexpr Uint32 kEsslPrintableSubgroupFeatures =
+        GL_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_BASIC_BIT_KHR | GL_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_VOTE_BIT_KHR | GL_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_BALLOT_BIT_KHR;
+
+    struct EsprytSubgroupParameters {
+        Uint32 size = 0;
+        Uint32 stages = 0;
+        Uint32 features = 0;
+        Bool quadInAllStages = false;
+    };
+
+    inline EsprytSubgroupParameters ResolveEsprytSubgroupParameters(const MG_External::GLESCapabilities& caps) {
+        switch (ResolveEsprytSubgroupImplementation(caps)) {
+        case SubgroupImplementation::Native:
+            return {caps.SubgroupSize, caps.SubgroupSupportedStages,
+                    caps.SubgroupSupportedFeatures & kEsslPrintableSubgroupFeatures, false};
+        case SubgroupImplementation::Emulated:
+            return {kEmulatedSubgroupSize, kEmulatedSubgroupStages, kEmulatedSubgroupFeatures, false};
+        case SubgroupImplementation::None:
+            break;
+        }
+        return {};
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 #include <MG_Util/Texture/TextureFormatProcessor.h>

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
    // C6 / ID-52 / CONTRACT-P5 table 3's pActiveBackendObject row. The format-capability cache of
    // THIS ROLE's backend. Under an active transport the server's own private
    // BackendObject_DirectGLES owns the context on the apply thread, so a backend-internal format
@@ -24,7 +23,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
    // (five in Utils.cpp, ClampSamplesToBackendSupport in BackendObject_DirectGLES.cpp) go through
    // this instead of dereferencing pActiveBackendObject directly.
    const FormatCapabilityCache* ActiveBackendFormatCaps();
-#endif

    namespace DebugImpl {
        class ErrorLopper {
@@ -195,69 +193,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {

    namespace FramebufferImpl {} // namespace FramebufferImpl

-    // Pure CPU helpers of the client-format readback conversion (ReadPixels/GetTexImage repack a wide
-    // RGBA(_INTEGER) read into the caller's (format, type) layout). Kept context-free so unit tests can
-    // exercise the exact packing the GL CTS packed_pixels oracle compares against.
-    namespace ReadbackImpl {
-        struct ReadbackChannelMapping {
-            Int sourceChannel[4]; // RGBA source channel feeding each destination component
-            Int channelCount;     // destination component count
-            Bool isInteger;
-        };
-        Bool GetReadbackChannelMapping(GLenum format, ReadbackChannelMapping& outMapping);
-
-        // Byte size of one destination component of `type`; packed types report the packed word size.
-        // 0 = type not supported by the conversion path.
-        SizeT GetReadbackComponentSize(GLenum type);
-
-        // Bit-field layout of a GL packed pixel type. width/shift are indexed in the client format's
-        // component order (matching ReadbackChannelMapping); shift is the LSB position of the field in
-        // the packed word: non-REV types pack the first component from the MSB, *_REV types from the
-        // LSB (GL 3.3 table 3.6; field positions mirror the GL CTS glcPackedPixelsTests pack_* oracle).
-        struct PackedReadbackLayout {
-            Int fieldCount;     // format components stored in the packed word
-            Int width[4];       // bit width of each component's field
-            Int shift[4];       // LSB bit position of each component's field
-            SizeT byteSize;     // packed word size in bytes (1, 2 or 4)
-            Bool isFloatPacked; // 10F_11F_11F_REV / 5_9_9_9_REV: fields hold unsigned small floats
-        };
-        Bool GetPackedReadbackLayout(GLenum type, PackedReadbackLayout& out);
-
-        // Unsigned small-float encoders (EXT_packed_float / EXT_texture_shared_exponent semantics).
-        Uint32 EncodeFloatToUnsignedF11(Float value);
-        Uint32 EncodeFloatToUnsignedF10(Float value);
-        Uint32 EncodeSharedExponentRGB9E5(const Float rgb[3]);
-
-        // Destination bytes per pixel for a (format mapping, type) readback pair; 0 when the pair is
-        // not convertible (unknown type, packed field count != format component count, floating-point
-        // or packed-float type with an integer format).
-        SizeT GetReadbackDstPixelSize(const ReadbackChannelMapping& mapping, GLenum type);
-
-        // Repacks one row of wide RGBA(_INTEGER) texels (4 components of wideType each) into the
-        // client's (format, type) layout. src holds width * 4 * GetReadbackComponentSize(wideType)
-        // bytes, dst receives width * GetReadbackDstPixelSize(mapping, type) bytes.
-        void ConvertWideReadbackRow(const Uint8* src, Uint8* dst, SizeT width, GLenum wideType,
-                                    const ReadbackChannelMapping& mapping, GLenum type);
-
-        // Stores wide RGBA(_INTEGER) rows into the client pointer or the bound PACK pixel buffer,
-        // honoring the client-side PACK pixel-store parameters (row length, alignment, skips,
-        // swap-bytes, and - when applyPackImageParams - image height/skip images). Shared by the
-        // DirectGLES and DirectVulkan readback conversion paths.
-        Bool StoreWideRowsToClient(const Uint8* wide, GLenum wideType, GLsizei width, GLsizei sliceHeight,
-                                   GLsizei sliceCount, const ReadbackChannelMapping& mapping, GLenum type,
-                                   void* pixels, Bool applyPackImageParams);
-
-        // Stores packed 32-bit source words verbatim, with the same destination addressing, PACK
-        // parameters and pixel-pack-buffer handling as StoreWideRowsToClient. For the sources whose
-        // storage word already IS the client word (MG_Util::IsRawPackedPixelTransfer): routing those
-        // through the wide float intermediate re-encodes them, and the RGB9_E5 encoder canonicalizes
-        // the shared exponent, so glGetTexImage would answer with different bits than were stored.
-        // `srcWords` holds sliceHeight * sliceCount tightly stacked rows of `width` 32-bit words.
-        // False when `type` is not a 4-byte packed type.
-        Bool StorePackedWordsToClient(const Uint8* srcWords, GLsizei width, GLsizei sliceHeight, GLsizei sliceCount,
-                                      GLenum type, void* pixels, Bool applyPackImageParams);
-    } // namespace ReadbackImpl
-
    namespace PrgramImpl {
        String ProcessOutColorLocations(const String& glslCode);
        String ForceSupporterOutput(const String& glslCode);
@@ -276,8 +211,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        // On a driver that advertises only GL_OES_texture_buffer that directive is a compile
        // error, so the name is retargeted in the emitted source. A no-op on every other tier:
        // ES 3.2 needs no directive at all and an EXT driver already has the right one.
-        String RetargetTextureBufferExtension(String glslCode,
-                                              MG_External::GLESCapabilities::TextureBufferTier tier);
+        String RetargetTextureBufferExtension(String glslCode, MG_External::GLESCapabilities::TextureBufferTier tier);
        // Adds `#extension GL_NV_image_formats : require` when the shader carries an image
        // format qualifier GLSL ES has no core spelling for. SPIRV-Cross prints the format and
        // asks for nothing, so the request has to be made here. `needed` is the caller's answer,
@@ -354,7 +288,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        // That rewrite needs every k in the emitted text to be a LITERAL, and it is:
        // LegalizeResourceArrayIndexingForEssl has already folded or lowered every dynamic
        // image-array subscript in the module, because ESSL forbids one outright ("image arrays
-        // indexed with non-constant expressions are forbidden in GLSL ES", Mesa 26.1.4 at
+        // indexed with non-constant expressions are forbidden in GLSL ES", llvmpipe 26.1.4 at
        // ES 3.2, on a raw GLES probe with no MobileGL in the loop). The earlier shape here -
        // widening the array to cover the whole span of units and routing each subscript through
        // a `const highp int` offset table - was written before that pass covered images, and
@@ -388,6 +322,37 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        // that redeclares a different shape than its neighbours is an ES link error against a
        // program that has no other problem.
        std::optional<String> ExtractPerVertexBlockMembers(const String& essl, Bool input);
+        // Moves the clip/cull distance OUTPUTS of a vertex, tessellation evaluation or geometry
+        // stage into a redeclared `out gl_PerVertex { ... };` block. SPIRV-Cross sizes the two
+        // arrays with a standalone `out float gl_ClipDistance[N];` - legal desktop GLSL, but an
+        // ES compiler may refuse it outright ("reserved built-in name"), and leaving the
+        // declaration out instead compiles but fails the link on an array-size mismatch against
+        // the fragment stage. A member of the redeclared block is the spelling ESSL accepts.
+        // gl_Position is always a member (every pre-rasterization stage has it), gl_PointSize
+        // only when the stage writes it, so the block never names a built-in the stage would
+        // otherwise not need. A stage-level `invariant gl_Position;` moves onto the member,
+        // because the bare re-qualification of a block member is not something ESSL allows.
+        // Fragment inputs and the control stage (whose block SPIRV-Cross already emits) are
+        // left alone; a stage without the standalone declarations comes back unchanged.
+        String RedeclareClipCullDistancesInPerVertexBlock(String glslCode, GLenum shaderType);
+        // The INPUT half of the same problem, for a tessellation control, tessellation evaluation
+        // or geometry stage that reads gl_in[i].gl_ClipDistance / gl_CullDistance. SPIRV-Cross
+        // never redeclares an ES input block, so the stage reads the implicitly sized built-in
+        // arrays - and a driver that packs cull distances after clip distances then places the
+        // cull array at the implicit clip size rather than at the size the previous stage wrote,
+        // reading the wrong component. Redeclares `in gl_PerVertex { ... } gl_in[]` with exactly
+        // the members of the previous stage's output block (`producerOutMembers`, from
+        // ExtractPerVertexBlockMembers), which is also the shape ES interface matching wants.
+        // Unchanged when the stage does not read either array, already declares its input block,
+        // reads a gl_in member the producer's block does not carry, or the producer has no block.
+        String RedeclareClipCullDistanceInputsInPerVertexBlock(String glslCode, GLenum shaderType,
+                                                               const String& producerOutMembers);
+        // Adds `#extension GL_EXT_clip_cull_distance : require` when `glslCode` names
+        // gl_ClipDistance or gl_CullDistance and does not request it yet. For the synthesized
+        // pass-through control stage, whose gl_in/gl_out member lists are mirrored from stages
+        // that may carry the clip/cull arrays: SPIRV-Cross requests the extension for the stages
+        // it emits, but nothing does for a stage built by hand.
+        String RequestClipCullDistanceExtension(String glslCode);
        // The pass-through tessellation control stage GL 4.6 core 11.2.2 describes: "the input
        // patch is passed through unmodified", the output patch has PATCH_VERTICES vertices, and
        // the levels come from the PATCH_DEFAULT_OUTER_LEVEL / PATCH_DEFAULT_INNER_LEVEL state.
@@ -418,10 +383,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        // disagree on everything but the algorithm: desktop GLSL 450 against ESSL, a fixed
        // gl_PerVertex shape that Vulkan matches structurally against a mirrored one, and a
        // VkShaderModule against a driver shader object.
-        String BuildPassthroughTessControlEssl(Uint esslVersion, Uint patchVertices,
-                                               const String& inPerVertexMembers,
-                                               const String& outPerVertexMembers,
-                                               const FloatVec4& defaultOuterLevel,
+        String BuildPassthroughTessControlEssl(Uint esslVersion, Uint patchVertices, const String& inPerVertexMembers,
+                                               const String& outPerVertexMembers, const FloatVec4& defaultOuterLevel,
                                               const FloatVec2& defaultInnerLevel);
        // Prefix of the writeonly half a read+write image uniform is split into (see
        // SplitReadWriteImageUniforms); the suffix is the image's own (already access-tagged) name.
@@ -481,7 +444,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        // linker answered "Error: Image Image location or component exceeds max allowed. Error:
        // Linking failed." - which, the frontend having already published LINK_STATUS = TRUE from
        // glslang's link, surfaced only as every draw silently doing nothing and the images
-        // reading back zero. Mali and Mesa link the same text, so nothing but a device gate
+        // reading back zero. Mali and a desktop GLES driver link the same text, so nothing but a device gate
        // catches this.
        //
        // A declaration SPIRV-Cross already tagged `readonly` or `writeonly` needs no qualifier
@@ -547,6 +510,30 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
        // Off by default and only ever set on ANGLE + llvmpipe, where injecting the uniform
        // into a constant LOD crashes the driver (MOBILEGL_ESPRYT_AVOID_EXPLICIT_LOD_BIAS).
        String EmulateTextureLodBias(const String& glslCode, Bool avoidExplicitLodBias = false);
+        // A depth-compare lookup at an explicit LOD of 0 on a samplerCubeArrayShadow - what
+        // texture() is outside the fragment stage - has no GLSL ES spelling: there is no
+        // textureLod or textureGrad overload for that sampler. SPIRV-Cross prints it as
+        // textureGrad(s, P, compare, vec3(0.0), vec3(0.0)) anyway; Adreno compiles that and
+        // returns wrong comparisons (KHR-GL4x.texture_cube_map_array.sampling, DEPTH32F, vertex/
+        // tessellation control/geometry/compute). Outside the fragment stage texture(s, P,
+        // compare) samples level 0 exactly (GLSL ES 3.20 8.9), so those calls are rewritten to
+        // it. The fragment stage is left alone: there texture() would pick its own level.
+        String LowerZeroGradCubeArrayShadowLookups(const String& glslCode, GLenum shaderType);
+        // Prefix of the per-sampler int uniform that carries the bound multisample texture's
+        // last real sample index into the shader (see ClampUnsignedMultisampleFetches); the
+        // suffix is the sampler's own name.
+        constexpr const char* MS_SAMPLE_MAX_UNIFORM_PREFIX = "mg_msSampleMax_";
+        // The runtime half of ClampMultisampleFetchPass's deferDirectUnsignedFetches. A
+        // usampler2DMS[Array] reads integer colour textures, which the backend may allocate with
+        // fewer samples than MobileGL advertises, AND the stencil aspect of multisample
+        // depth/stencil textures, which it allocates under the (larger) depth ceiling - so no
+        // single compile-time bound is right for both. Declares one
+        // `uniform highp int mg_msSampleMax_<sampler>;` per non-arrayed unsigned multisample
+        // sampler and wraps the sample argument of every texelFetch that names it in
+        // min(sample, that uniform). Draws push the bound texture's real sample count - 1 into
+        // it (0, the program's initial value, when nothing multisampled is bound). Returns the
+        // source unchanged when there is nothing to rewrite.
+        String ClampUnsignedMultisampleFetches(const String& glslCode);
    } // namespace PrgramImpl

    namespace Utils {
@@ -1,463 +0,0 @@
-// Included in DirectGLES.cpp after the native packed-word readback helper.
-// A storage promotion needs the driver's own texels as owned tight rows, not
-// client PACK layout or a fallback into a frontend texture's potentially stale
-// shadow.
-    class ScopedWireTextureReadLevel {
-    public:
-        ScopedWireTextureReadLevel(GLuint texture, GLenum target, GLint level)
-            : m_texture(texture), m_target(target) {
-            switch (target) {
-            case GL_TEXTURE_2D: m_binding = GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_2D; break;
-            case GL_TEXTURE_3D: m_binding = GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_3D; break;
-            case GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY: m_binding = GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_2D_ARRAY; break;
-            case GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP: m_binding = GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_CUBE_MAP; break;
-            case GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_ARRAY: m_binding = GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_CUBE_MAP_ARRAY; break;
-            default: return;
-            }
-            GLint previous = 0;
-            DrainESErrors();
-            g_GLESFuncs.glGetIntegerv(m_binding, &previous);
-            g_GLESFuncs.glBindTexture(m_target, m_texture);
-            g_GLESFuncs.glGetTexParameteriv(m_target, GL_TEXTURE_BASE_LEVEL, &m_baseLevel);
-            g_GLESFuncs.glGetTexParameteriv(m_target, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LEVEL, &m_maxLevel);
-            m_saved = g_GLESFuncs.glGetError() == GL_NO_ERROR;
-            if (m_saved) {
-                // ES framebuffer completeness can reject a defined level whose
-                // base level or intervening mip chain is missing/inconsistent.
-                // Read this existing native image as the sole base level. The
-                // logical GL parameters and every cached copy remain unchanged.
-                g_GLESFuncs.glTexParameteri(m_target, GL_TEXTURE_BASE_LEVEL, level);
-                g_GLESFuncs.glTexParameteri(m_target, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LEVEL, level);
-                m_valid = g_GLESFuncs.glGetError() == GL_NO_ERROR;
-            }
-            g_GLESFuncs.glBindTexture(m_target, static_cast<GLuint>(previous));
-        }
-
-        ~ScopedWireTextureReadLevel() {
-            if (!m_saved) return;
-            // The packed-word path can use its own texture scratch binding.
-            // Save the binding at restoration time too; do not assume an active
-            // texture unit or make the backend's binding cache forget a bind.
-            GLint previous = 0;
-            g_GLESFuncs.glGetIntegerv(m_binding, &previous);
-            g_GLESFuncs.glBindTexture(m_target, m_texture);
-            g_GLESFuncs.glTexParameteri(m_target, GL_TEXTURE_BASE_LEVEL, m_baseLevel);
-            g_GLESFuncs.glTexParameteri(m_target, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LEVEL, m_maxLevel);
-            g_GLESFuncs.glBindTexture(m_target, static_cast<GLuint>(previous));
-        }
-
-        Bool Valid() const { return m_valid; }
-
-    private:
-        GLuint m_texture;
-        GLenum m_target;
-        GLenum m_binding = GL_NONE;
-        GLint m_baseLevel = 0, m_maxLevel = 0;
-        Bool m_saved = false, m_valid = false;
-    };
-
-    static Bool ReadWireColorRowsTight(GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLenum format, GLenum type,
-                                      Bool forceOpaqueAlpha, const NormalizedImageCarrierRead& carrier,
-                                      Vector<Uint8>& bytes) {
-        ReadbackChannelMapping mapping{};
-        if (!GetReadbackChannelMapping(format, mapping)) return false;
-        const SizeT pixelBytes = GetReadbackDstPixelSize(mapping, type);
-        if (!pixelBytes || width <= 0 || height <= 0) return false;
-        const GLenum componentType = QueryReadAttachmentComponentType();
-        const Bool integerAttachment = componentType == GL_INT || componentType == GL_UNSIGNED_INT;
-        if (carrier.Active() ? (mapping.isInteger || !integerAttachment)
-                             : mapping.isInteger != integerAttachment) return false;
-
-        GLint implFormat = 0, implType = 0;
-        g_GLESFuncs.glGetIntegerv(GL_IMPLEMENTATION_COLOR_READ_FORMAT, &implFormat);
-        g_GLESFuncs.glGetIntegerv(GL_IMPLEMENTATION_COLOR_READ_TYPE, &implType);
-        struct Candidate { GLenum format, type; };
-        Vector<Candidate> candidates;
-        if (carrier.Active()) {
-            candidates.push_back({GL_RGBA_INTEGER, GL_UNSIGNED_INT});
-        } else if (mapping.isInteger) {
-            if (GetWideReadChannelCount(implFormat) > 0 && IsIntegerReadFormat(implFormat) &&
-                (implType == GL_INT || implType == GL_UNSIGNED_INT))
-                candidates.push_back({static_cast<GLenum>(implFormat), static_cast<GLenum>(implType)});
-            candidates.push_back({GL_RGBA_INTEGER, componentType == GL_INT ? GLenum(GL_INT) : GLenum(GL_UNSIGNED_INT)});
-        } else {
-            if (GetWideReadChannelCount(implFormat) > 0 && !IsIntegerReadFormat(implFormat) &&
-                (CanDecodeWideSourceType(implType) ||
-                 (implFormat == GL_RGBA && implType == GL_UNSIGNED_INT_2_10_10_10_REV)))
-                candidates.push_back({static_cast<GLenum>(implFormat), static_cast<GLenum>(implType)});
-            if (componentType == GL_FLOAT) candidates.push_back({GL_RGBA, GL_FLOAT});
-            if (componentType == GL_SIGNED_NORMALIZED) {
-                candidates.push_back({GL_RGBA, GL_SHORT});
-                candidates.push_back({GL_RGBA, GL_BYTE});
-            } else candidates.push_back({GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE});
-        }
-        ScopedPixelPackBuffer packBuffer(0);
-        ScopedPackState packState(PixelStoreImpl::PackState{1, 0, 0, 0});
-        const SizeT pixels = static_cast<SizeT>(width) * static_cast<SizeT>(height);
-        Vector<Uint8> wide;
-        GLenum wideType = GL_NONE;
-        Int channels = 0;
-        DrainESErrors();
-        for (const auto candidate : candidates) {
-            channels = GetWideReadChannelCount(candidate.format);
-            wide.resize(pixels * static_cast<SizeT>(channels) * GetReadbackComponentSize(candidate.type));
-            g_GLESFuncs.glReadPixels(0, 0, width, height, candidate.format, candidate.type, wide.data());
-            if (g_GLESFuncs.glGetError() == GL_NO_ERROR) { wideType = candidate.type; break; }
-        }
-        if (wideType == GL_NONE) return false;
-
-        if (carrier.Active()) {
-            Vector<Uint8> decoded(pixels * 4 * sizeof(Float));
-            auto* dst = reinterpret_cast<Float*>(decoded.data());
-            const auto* src = reinterpret_cast<const Uint32*>(wide.data());
-            for (SizeT i = 0; i < pixels; ++i) {
-                for (SizeT c = 0; c < 4; ++c) {
-                    const Float divisor = static_cast<Float>(carrier.ChannelMax[c]);
-                    dst[i * 4 + c] = carrier.SignedNormalized
-                        ? std::max(static_cast<Float>(static_cast<Int16>(static_cast<Uint16>(src[i * 4 + c]))) / divisor, -1.0f)
-                        : static_cast<Float>(src[i * 4 + c]) / divisor;
-                }
-            }
-            wide = Move(decoded); wideType = GL_FLOAT; channels = 4;
-        } else if (wideType == GL_UNSIGNED_INT_2_10_10_10_REV) {
-            Vector<Uint8> decoded(pixels * 4 * sizeof(Float));
-            auto* dst = reinterpret_cast<Float*>(decoded.data());
-            for (SizeT i = 0; i < pixels; ++i) {
-                Uint32 word = 0;
-                Memcpy(&word, wide.data() + i * sizeof(word), sizeof(word));
-                dst[i * 4] = static_cast<Float>(word & 1023u) / 1023.0f;
-                dst[i * 4 + 1] = static_cast<Float>((word >> 10) & 1023u) / 1023.0f;
-                dst[i * 4 + 2] = static_cast<Float>((word >> 20) & 1023u) / 1023.0f;
-                dst[i * 4 + 3] = static_cast<Float>((word >> 30) & 3u) / 3.0f;
-            }
-            wide = Move(decoded); wideType = GL_FLOAT; channels = 4;
-        }
-        if (channels < 4) ExpandNarrowWideRead(wide, pixels, channels, wideType);
-        if (forceOpaqueAlpha) ForceWideReadAlphaToOne(wide, pixels, wideType);
-        Vector<Uint8> converted(pixels * pixelBytes);
-        const SizeT sourceRowBytes = static_cast<SizeT>(width) * 4 * GetReadbackComponentSize(wideType);
-        for (GLsizei row = 0; row < height; ++row)
-            ReadbackImpl::ConvertWideReadbackRow(wide.data() + static_cast<SizeT>(row) * sourceRowBytes,
-                converted.data() + static_cast<SizeT>(row) * width * pixelBytes, width, wideType, mapping, type);
-        bytes = Move(converted);
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    static Bool ReadWireDepthStencilLevelTight(GLuint texture, TextureTarget target,
-                                               TextureUploadTarget uploadTarget, GLint level,
-                                               const IntVec3& extent, GLenum format, GLenum type,
-                                               Vector<Uint8>& bytes) {
-        const SizeT pixelBytes = MG_Util::GetInputBytesPerPixel(
-            MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureInputFormat(format), MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTexturePixelDataType(type));
-        if (!pixelBytes) return false;
-        const Bool needDepth = format == GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT || format == GL_DEPTH_STENCIL;
-        const Bool needStencil = format == GL_STENCIL_INDEX || format == GL_DEPTH_STENCIL;
-        ScopedFramebufferBinding bindings(true, false);
-        GLuint fbo = 0;
-        g_GLESFuncs.glGenFramebuffers(1, &fbo);
-        struct DeleteFbo { GLuint id; ~DeleteFbo() { g_GLESFuncs.glDeleteFramebuffers(1, &id); } } cleanup{fbo};
-        FramebufferImpl::BindFramebufferId(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, fbo);
-        ScopedPixelPackBuffer packBuffer(0);
-        ScopedPackState packState(PixelStoreImpl::PackState{1, 0, 0, 0});
-        const GLenum nativeTarget = TextureImpl::ConvertTextureTargetToBackendGLEnum(target);
-        const GLenum point = needDepth ? (needStencil ? GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT : GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT)
-                                      : GL_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT;
-        const SizeT count = static_cast<SizeT>(extent.x()) * extent.y();
-        Vector<Uint8> result(count * extent.z() * pixelBytes);
-        if (g_GLESFuncs.glMemoryBarrier) g_GLESFuncs.glMemoryBarrier(GL_ALL_BARRIER_BITS);
-        g_GLESFuncs.glFinish();
-        for (GLint z = 0; z < extent.z(); ++z) {
-            if (nativeTarget == GL_TEXTURE_3D || nativeTarget == GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY ||
-                nativeTarget == GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_ARRAY)
-                g_GLESFuncs.glFramebufferTextureLayer(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, point, texture, level, z);
-            else
-                g_GLESFuncs.glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, point,
-                    TextureImpl::ConvertTextureUploadTargetToBackendGLEnum(uploadTarget), texture, level);
-            g_GLESFuncs.glReadBuffer(GL_NONE);
-            if (g_GLESFuncs.glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER) != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE) return false;
-            Vector<Float> depth;
-            Vector<Uint8> stencil;
-            if (needDepth && !ReadDepthValuesNative(0, 0, extent.x(), extent.y(), depth)) return false;
-            if (needStencil && !ReadStencilBytesNative(0, 0, extent.x(), extent.y(), stencil)) return false;
-            auto* dst = result.data() + count * z * pixelBytes;
-            for (SizeT i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-                if (format == GL_DEPTH_STENCIL) {
-                    const Uint32 s = stencil[i];
-                    if (type == GL_UNSIGNED_INT_24_8) {
-                        const Uint32 packed = (NormalizedDepthToUnsigned(depth[i], 16777215.0) << 8) | s;
-                        Memcpy(dst + i * pixelBytes, &packed, sizeof(packed));
-                    } else if (type == GL_FLOAT_32_UNSIGNED_INT_24_8_REV) {
-                        Memcpy(dst + i * pixelBytes, &depth[i], sizeof(Float));
-                        Memcpy(dst + i * pixelBytes + sizeof(Float), &s, sizeof(s));
-                    } else return false;
-                } else if (type == GL_FLOAT) {
-                    const Float value = needDepth ? depth[i] : static_cast<Float>(stencil[i]);
-                    Memcpy(dst + i * pixelBytes, &value, sizeof(value));
-                } else if (type == GL_HALF_FLOAT) {
-                    const Uint16 value = MG_Util::EncodeFloatToHalfBits(
-                        needDepth ? depth[i] : static_cast<Float>(stencil[i]));
-                    Memcpy(dst + i * pixelBytes, &value, sizeof(value));
-                } else {
-                    const Bool signedType = type == GL_BYTE || type == GL_SHORT || type == GL_INT;
-                    const Double maximum = signedType
-                        ? (pixelBytes == 1 ? 127.0 : pixelBytes == 2 ? 32767.0 : 2147483647.0)
-                        : (pixelBytes == 1 ? 255.0 : pixelBytes == 2 ? 65535.0 : 4294967295.0);
-                    const Uint32 value = needDepth ? NormalizedDepthToUnsigned(depth[i], maximum) : stencil[i];
-                    if (pixelBytes == 1) dst[i] = static_cast<Uint8>(value);
-                    else if (pixelBytes == 2) { const Uint16 v = static_cast<Uint16>(value); Memcpy(dst + i * 2, &v, 2); }
-                    else if (pixelBytes == 4) Memcpy(dst + i * 4, &value, 4);
-                    else return false;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        bytes = Move(result);
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    Bool ReadTextureLevelTight(GLuint texture, TextureTarget target, TextureUploadTarget uploadTarget,
-                               TextureInternalFormat logicalFormat, GLint level, const IntVec3& logicalExtent,
-                               Bool sourceUsesImageCarrier, GLenum format, GLenum type, Vector<Uint8>& bytes) {
-        if (!texture || level < 0 || TextureImpl::IsMultisampleTextureTarget(target)) return false;
-        const IntVec3 extent = TextureImpl::GetBackendUploadSize(target, logicalExtent);
-        const GLenum nativeTarget = TextureImpl::ConvertTextureTargetToBackendGLEnum(target);
-        ScopedWireTextureReadLevel readLevel(texture, nativeTarget, level);
-        if (!readLevel.Valid()) return false;
-        if (format == GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT || format == GL_DEPTH_STENCIL || format == GL_STENCIL_INDEX)
-            return ReadWireDepthStencilLevelTight(texture, target, uploadTarget, level, extent, format, type, bytes);
-        ReadbackChannelMapping mapping{};
-        if (!GetReadbackChannelMapping(format, mapping)) return false;
-        const SizeT pixelBytes = GetReadbackDstPixelSize(mapping, type);
-        if (!pixelBytes || extent.x() <= 0 || extent.y() <= 0 || extent.z() <= 0) return false;
-        const GLenum faceTarget = TextureImpl::ConvertTextureUploadTargetToBackendGLEnum(uploadTarget);
-        const auto widening = sourceUsesImageCarrier
-            ? TextureImpl::GetImageBindableStorageWidening(logicalFormat) : TextureImpl::ImageBindableStorageWidening{};
-        const SizeT sliceBytes = static_cast<SizeT>(extent.x()) * extent.y() * pixelBytes;
-        Vector<Uint8> result(sliceBytes * static_cast<SizeT>(extent.z()));
-        if (g_GLESFuncs.glMemoryBarrier) g_GLESFuncs.glMemoryBarrier(GL_ALL_BARRIER_BITS);
-        g_GLESFuncs.glFinish();
-
-        // A raw packed word may have redundant encodings or NaN payloads. Read
-        // it through R32UI when the source really still uses that native layout.
-        const Bool rawPacked = !widening && MG_Util::PixelStoreProcessor::IsRawPackedPixelTransfer(
-            logicalFormat, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureInputFormat(format),
-            MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTexturePixelDataType(type));
-        if (rawPacked && pixelBytes == sizeof(Uint32)) {
-            const GLint face = uploadTarget >= TextureUploadTarget::CubeMapPositiveX &&
-                               uploadTarget <= TextureUploadTarget::CubeMapNegativeZ
-                ? static_cast<GLint>(uploadTarget) - static_cast<GLint>(TextureUploadTarget::CubeMapPositiveX) : 0;
-            for (GLint layer = 0; layer < extent.z(); ++layer)
-                if (!ReadPackedLevelWordsViaScratch(texture, nativeTarget, level, face + layer, extent.x(), extent.y(),
-                        reinterpret_cast<Uint32*>(result.data() + static_cast<SizeT>(layer) * sliceBytes))) return false;
-            bytes = Move(result);
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        NormalizedImageCarrierRead carrier{};
-        if (widening && widening.CarriesNormalizedCodes()) {
-            for (SizeT c = 0; c < 4; ++c) carrier.ChannelMax[c] = widening.ChannelMax[c];
-            carrier.SignedNormalized = widening.SignedNormalized;
-        }
-        TempFBOBinder binder(true);
-        auto& framebuffer = binder.Framebuffer();
-        for (GLint layer = 0; layer < extent.z(); ++layer) {
-            if (nativeTarget == GL_TEXTURE_3D || nativeTarget == GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY || nativeTarget == GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_ARRAY)
-                ScratchFBOImpl::EnsureColorAttachmentLayer(framebuffer, GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, texture, level, layer);
-            else
-                ScratchFBOImpl::EnsureColorAttachment2D(framebuffer, GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, texture, faceTarget, level);
-            ScratchFBOImpl::EnsureReadBuffer(framebuffer, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0);
-            const GLenum status = g_GLESFuncs.glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER);
-            if (status != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE) {
-                MGLOG_E_ONCE("Espryt wire texture readback: framebuffer status=0x%x texture=%u level=%d target=0x%x",
-                            status, texture, level, nativeTarget);
-                return false;
-            }
-            Vector<Uint8> slice;
-            if (!ReadWireColorRowsTight(extent.x(), extent.y(), format, type,
-                    TextureImpl::BackendTextureFormatAddsAlpha(logicalFormat, target), carrier, slice) ||
-                slice.size() != sliceBytes) return false;
-            Memcpy(result.data() + static_cast<SizeT>(layer) * sliceBytes, slice.data(), sliceBytes);
-        }
-        bytes = Move(result);
-        return true;
-    }
-
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
-    // P9 W2-a. The store's Defined-ness follows the client's respecifies; the driver's follows the
-    // twin's last sync. A re-mint asks this before reading a level back, because a level defined
-    // after that sync (null data, or null data plus a partial upload) is not on the driver yet and
-    // its FBO attachment is incomplete - which used to end the session at
-    // Fatal{ResourceUnavailable, "image-promotion-readback"} on legal GL.
-    Bool NativeTextureLevelHasExtent(GLuint texture, TextureTarget target, TextureUploadTarget uploadTarget,
-                                     GLint level, const IntVec3& logicalExtent) {
-        if (!texture || level < 0 || !g_GLESFuncs.glGetTexLevelParameteriv) return true;
-        const IntVec3 extent = TextureImpl::GetBackendUploadSize(target, logicalExtent);
-        const GLenum nativeTarget = TextureImpl::ConvertTextureTargetToBackendGLEnum(target);
-        GLenum binding = GL_NONE;
-        switch (nativeTarget) {
-        case GL_TEXTURE_2D: binding = GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_2D; break;
-        case GL_TEXTURE_3D: binding = GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_3D; break;
-        case GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY: binding = GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_2D_ARRAY; break;
-        case GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP: binding = GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_CUBE_MAP; break;
-        case GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_ARRAY: binding = GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_CUBE_MAP_ARRAY; break;
-        default: return true;
-        }
-        // A cube's levels are per face; every other target answers for the whole level.
-        const GLenum queryTarget = nativeTarget == GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP
-            ? TextureImpl::ConvertTextureUploadTargetToBackendGLEnum(uploadTarget) : nativeTarget;
-        DrainESErrors();
-        GLint previous = 0;
-        g_GLESFuncs.glGetIntegerv(binding, &previous);
-        g_GLESFuncs.glBindTexture(nativeTarget, texture);
-        GLint width = 0, height = 0, depth = 0;
-        g_GLESFuncs.glGetTexLevelParameteriv(queryTarget, level, GL_TEXTURE_WIDTH, &width);
-        g_GLESFuncs.glGetTexLevelParameteriv(queryTarget, level, GL_TEXTURE_HEIGHT, &height);
-        g_GLESFuncs.glGetTexLevelParameteriv(queryTarget, level, GL_TEXTURE_DEPTH, &depth);
-        const Bool answered = g_GLESFuncs.glGetError() == GL_NO_ERROR;
-        g_GLESFuncs.glBindTexture(nativeTarget, static_cast<GLuint>(previous));
-        if (!answered) return true;
-        const Bool layered = nativeTarget == GL_TEXTURE_3D || nativeTarget == GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY ||
-                             nativeTarget == GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_ARRAY;
-        return width == extent.x() && height == extent.y() && (!layered || depth == extent.z());
-    }
-
-    // P8-E (notes/p8/E.md). MGITEST_ESPRYT_REFUSE_TEXTURE_READBACK_EXTENT=<w>x<h>, READ BY THE SERVER:
-    // a colour level of exactly that extent is treated as one the driver refused to attach - what an
-    // Adreno does for RGB16 and the 16-bit SNORM formats, and what no host driver can be made to do.
-    // Scoped by the extent so the tcp lane's shared supervisor can carry it for the whole lane: only
-    // the scenario that builds that extent (CopyImageStoreReadbackScenario) ever meets it.
-    static Bool WireTextureReadbackRefusedForTesting(const IntVec3& extent) {
-        static const IntVec3 s_refused = [] {
-            const char* value = std::getenv("MGITEST_ESPRYT_REFUSE_TEXTURE_READBACK_EXTENT");
-            if (value == nullptr) return IntVec3{0, 0, 0};
-            char* end = nullptr;
-            const long width = std::strtol(value, &end, 10);
-            if (end == value || *end != 'x') return IntVec3{0, 0, 0};
-            const long height = std::strtol(end + 1, nullptr, 10);
-            if (width <= 0 || height <= 0) return IntVec3{0, 0, 0};
-            return IntVec3{static_cast<Int>(width), static_cast<Int>(height), 1};
-        }();
-        return s_refused.x() > 0 && extent == s_refused;
-    }
-
-    // P8-E: THE STORE ROUTE, for a level the driver refused to read back. The server's staged store
-    // is the only CPU copy of the level on this side, and it answers only while its bytes ARE the
-    // level: every byte crossed (IsCovered), at the extent asked for, and the texture was never
-    // written by the driver except by copies the store followed (!IsDriverWritten - see
-    // StagedTextureStore's P8-E block and FollowCopyImageInStagedStore). The conversion is
-    // GetTexImageViaShadowConversion's, into tight rows: a packed format read with its own type
-    // takes the stored words verbatim, everything else decodes to wide RGBA and converts row by row.
-    // Anything else DECLINES BY NAME: the reply is an error, and the client's
-    // Fatal{ReplyError, "ReadPixels"} ends the session instead of handing back bytes the driver has
-    // since overwritten.
-    static Bool ReadWireLevelFromStagedStore(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res, TextureInternalFormat logicalFormat,
-                                             TextureUploadTarget uploadTarget, GLint level, const IntVec3& extent,
-                                             GLenum format, GLenum type, Vector<Uint8>& bytes) {
-        auto& store = MG_Remote::Server::ServerStagedTexture();
-        const Uint64 key = MG_Remote::Server::StagedTextureStore::KeyForHandle(res);
-        const auto target = static_cast<Uint16>(uploadTarget);
-        const auto mip = static_cast<Uint16>(level);
-        ReadbackChannelMapping mapping{};
-        const SizeT pixelBytes = GetReadbackChannelMapping(format, mapping) ? GetReadbackDstPixelSize(mapping, type) : 0;
-        const SizeT texels = static_cast<SizeT>(std::max(extent.x(), 0)) * static_cast<SizeT>(std::max(extent.y(), 0)) *
-                             static_cast<SizeT>(std::max(extent.z(), 0));
-        const char* declined = nullptr;
-        if (!store.CopiesIntoServerStorage()) {
-            declined = "this arm keeps no staged store";
-        } else if (store.IsDriverWritten(key)) {
-            declined = "the driver has written the texture since its bytes crossed";
-        } else if (!store.IsCovered(key, target, mip)) {
-            declined = "not every byte of the level crossed";
-        } else if (store.LevelExtentOrUndefined(key, target, mip) != extent) {
-            declined = "the staged level is not the extent asked for";
-        } else if (pixelBytes == 0 || texels == 0) {
-            declined = "the format/type pair has no readback mapping";
-        }
-        Vector<Uint8> out;
-        if (declined == nullptr) {
-            const Uint8* staged = store.RequireLevelBytes(key, target, mip, "texture-readback-from-store");
-            if (MG_Util::PixelStoreProcessor::IsRawPackedPixelTransfer(
-                    logicalFormat, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureInputFormat(format),
-                    MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTexturePixelDataType(type))) {
-                if (store.LevelByteSize(key, target, mip) != texels * pixelBytes) {
-                    declined = "the staged words are not the client's word size";
-                } else {
-                    out.assign(staged, staged + texels * pixelBytes);
-                }
-            } else {
-                Vector<Uint8> wide;
-                Bool isInteger = false;
-                Bool isSigned = false;
-                if (!MG_Util::PixelStoreProcessor::DecodeShadowDataToWideRGBA(logicalFormat, staged, texels, wide,
-                                                                             isInteger, isSigned)) {
-                    declined = "the staged format has no wide decoding";
-                } else if (mapping.isInteger != isInteger) {
-                    declined = "an integer read of a normalized level, or the reverse";
-                } else {
-                    const GLenum wideType = isInteger ? (isSigned ? GL_INT : GL_UNSIGNED_INT) : GL_FLOAT;
-                    const SizeT rowTexels = static_cast<SizeT>(extent.x());
-                    const SizeT rows = texels / rowTexels;
-                    const SizeT wideRowBytes = rowTexels * 4 * GetReadbackComponentSize(wideType);
-                    out.resize(texels * pixelBytes);
-                    for (SizeT row = 0; row < rows; ++row) {
-                        ReadbackImpl::ConvertWideReadbackRow(wide.data() + row * wideRowBytes,
-                                                             out.data() + row * rowTexels * pixelBytes, rowTexels,
-                                                             wideType, mapping, type);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if (declined != nullptr) {
-            MGLOG_E_ONCE("MGPipe: texture {%u,%u} level %d: the driver refused the readback and the staged store "
-                         "cannot answer it (%s) - DECLINED (texture-readback-store-declined)",
-                         res.Slot, res.Gen, level, declined);
-            return false;
-        }
-        MGLOG_W_ONCE("MGPipe: texture {%u,%u} level %d: the driver refused the readback (internal format %u); "
-                     "answered from the server's staged store (texture-readback-from-store)",
-                     res.Slot, res.Gen, level, static_cast<unsigned>(logicalFormat));
-        bytes = Move(out);
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    Bool ReadTextureImageWire(const MG_Pipe::MGPReadbackInfo& info, Vector<Uint8>& bytes) {
-        const auto* record = PipeTextureRecordForHandle(info.Res);
-        if (!record) return false;
-        TextureTarget target = TextureTarget::Unknown;
-        for (Int i = 0; i < static_cast<Int>(TextureTarget::TextureTargetCount); ++i)
-            if (MG_Pipe::MGPipeResourceTargetForTextureTarget(static_cast<TextureTarget>(i)) == record->Desc.Target)
-                target = static_cast<TextureTarget>(i);
-        if (target == TextureTarget::Unknown) return false;
-        const auto twin = TextureImpl::SyncTextureToBackendByHandle(info.Res);
-        if (!twin) return false;
-        const Bool wholeCube = info.Target == GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP;
-        const IntVec3 extent{static_cast<Int>(info.Box.W), static_cast<Int>(info.Box.H),
-                            wholeCube ? 1 : static_cast<Int>(info.Box.D)};
-        const auto logicalFormat = static_cast<TextureInternalFormat>(record->Desc.InternalFormat);
-        // The R32UI word leg never goes through a framebuffer, so the knob leaves it alone (it is
-        // ReadTextureLevelTight's first choice for exactly these reads).
-        const Bool packedWordRead =
-            !twin->RequiresImageBindableStorage() &&
-            MG_Util::PixelStoreProcessor::IsRawPackedPixelTransfer(
-                logicalFormat, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureInputFormat(info.Format),
-                MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTexturePixelDataType(info.Type)) &&
-            MG_Util::GetInputBytesPerPixel(MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureInputFormat(info.Format),
-                                           MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTexturePixelDataType(info.Type)) == sizeof(Uint32);
-        const Bool refusedForTesting = !packedWordRead && WireTextureReadbackRefusedForTesting(extent);
-        Vector<Uint8> result;
-        for (Int face = 0; face < (wholeCube ? 6 : 1); ++face) {
-            const auto uploadTarget = wholeCube
-                ? static_cast<TextureUploadTarget>(static_cast<Int>(TextureUploadTarget::CubeMapPositiveX) + face)
-                : MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureUploadTarget(info.Target);
-            Vector<Uint8> slice;
-            if (refusedForTesting ||
-                !ReadTextureLevelTight(twin->GetBackendTextureId(), target, uploadTarget, logicalFormat, info.Level,
-                    extent, twin->RequiresImageBindableStorage(), info.Format, info.Type, slice)) {
-                if (!ReadWireLevelFromStagedStore(info.Res, logicalFormat, uploadTarget, info.Level, extent,
-                                                  info.Format, info.Type, slice)) return false;
-            }
-            result.insert(result.end(), slice.begin(), slice.end());
-        }
-        bytes = Move(result);
-        return true;
-    }
-#endif // MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@
 #include "SubgroupSupportPolicy.h"
 #include "MG_State/GLState/FramebufferState/FramebufferObject.h"
 #include "MG_State/GLState/Core.h"
-#include <MG_Pipe/PipeInputsSwitch.h>
+#include <MG_Backend/MGPipe/PipeInputs.h>
+#include <MG_Pipe/PipeApply.h>
 #include "MG_State/GLState/TextureState/TextureState.h"
 #include "MG_Util/Classifiers/TextureEnumClassifier.h"
 #include "MG_Util/Converters/MGToGL/TextureEnumConverter.h"
@@ -32,11 +33,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            return MG_Config::Features.MagmaR11G11B10FFallback;
        }

-        Bool IsReleaseCurrentRequest(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface draw, EGLSurface read, EGLContext ctx) {
-            (void)dpy;
-            return draw == EGL_NO_SURFACE && read == EGL_NO_SURFACE && ctx == EGL_NO_CONTEXT;
-        }
-
        Bool IsFormatIndexValid(TextureInternalFormat format) {
            return format != TextureInternalFormat::Unknown && static_cast<Int>(format) >= 0 &&
                   static_cast<SizeT>(format) < kFormatCapabilityFormatCount;
@@ -423,17 +419,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    }

    Bool BackendObject_DirectVulkan::LatchIfGpuFaulted() {
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        return pVulkanRenderer != nullptr && pVulkanRenderer->LatchIfGpuHung("apply");
-#else
-        return false;
-#endif
    }

    void BackendObject_DirectVulkan::Initialize() {
 #if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        VkBufferManager::RegisterWireResourceOps();
-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH
        // P7 wave 2 package C (CONTRACT-P7 §5.5). BESIDE the resource ops and for the same
        // reason: this is the one place both Magma server roles pass through - the inproc
        // role and the spawn/TCP session child - and ServerLoop::CreateBackend calls it at
@@ -441,7 +432,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // before any frontend object can die unheard. A per-transport install is how one of
        // the two roles ends up without it.
        InstallStateObjectDeathOps();
-#endif
 #endif
        m_initialized = true;
    }
@@ -464,9 +454,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        }
        UpdateDynamicBackendParameters();
        UpdateAdvertisedExtensions();
-        if (MGB_CTX_LIVE) {
-            MGB_CTX->InvalidateCompileEnv();
-        }
+        MG_Pipe::MGPipeNotifyCompileEnvChanged();
        PopulateFormatCapabilities(physicalDevice.handle, vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties, m_vulkanCaps,
                                   MutableFormatCapabilities());
        PrintFormatCapabilities(GetFormatCapabilities());
@@ -540,8 +528,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(m_eglStateMutex);
        const Bool ok = BackendObject::MakeEGLCurrent(dpy, draw, read, ctx);
        if (ok && UsesSurfaceTargets() && ctx != EGL_NO_CONTEXT && draw != EGL_NO_SURFACE) {
-            m_contextBindings[ctx] = EGLCurrentState{.Display = dpy, .DrawSurface = draw, .ReadSurface = read,
-                                                     .Context = ctx};
+            m_contextBindings[ctx] =
+                EGLCurrentState{.Display = dpy, .DrawSurface = draw, .ReadSurface = read, .Context = ctx};
        }
        return ok;
    }
@@ -803,25 +791,23 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {

    Vector<GLExtension> BuildAdvertisedExtensions(Bool shaderSubgroupSupported, Bool timerQueriesSupported,
                                                  Bool anisotropicFilteringSupported,
-                                                  Bool nonZeroIndirectBaseInstanceSupported,
-                                                  Bool cubeMapArraySupported) {
+                                                  Bool nonZeroIndirectBaseInstanceSupported, Bool cubeMapArraySupported,
+                                                  const AdvertisedFeatureSupport& features) {
        Vector<GLExtension> extensions = {
            // The version tokens have to reach the version the backend actually claims:
            // TargetGLVersion is {4,6,0}, and a list that stopped at OpenGL40 told an
            // application feature-detecting off these tokens the opposite of what
            // GL_MAJOR_VERSION / GL_MINOR_VERSION told it.
-            V_OpenGL30, V_OpenGL31, V_OpenGL32, V_OpenGL33, V_OpenGL40, V_OpenGL41, V_OpenGL42, V_OpenGL43,
-            V_OpenGL44, V_OpenGL45, V_OpenGL46,
-            E_GL_ARB_draw_buffers_blend,
+            V_OpenGL30, V_OpenGL31, V_OpenGL32, V_OpenGL33, V_OpenGL40, V_OpenGL41, V_OpenGL42, V_OpenGL43, V_OpenGL44,
+            V_OpenGL45, V_OpenGL46, E_GL_ARB_draw_buffers_blend,
            // The GLSL 1.00/1.10-era ARB trio plus NPOT textures: all core since GL 2.0 and
            // trivially true for every context this backend claims (4.6). KWin 6's
            // EglContext::checkSupported() gates desktop-GL compositing on exactly these four
            // strings, so withholding them fails its renderer bring-up. Same block as DirectGLES.
            E_GL_ARB_shader_objects, E_GL_ARB_vertex_shader, E_GL_ARB_fragment_shader,
-            E_GL_ARB_texture_non_power_of_two,
-            E_GL_ARB_compute_shader, E_GL_ARB_shader_storage_buffer_object, E_GL_ARB_shader_image_load_store,
-            E_GL_ARB_clear_buffer_object, E_GL_ARB_program_interface_query, E_GL_ARB_framebuffer_object, E_GL_ARB_draw_indirect,
-            E_GL_ARB_multi_draw_indirect,
+            E_GL_ARB_texture_non_power_of_two, E_GL_ARB_compute_shader, E_GL_ARB_shader_storage_buffer_object,
+            E_GL_ARB_shader_image_load_store, E_GL_ARB_clear_buffer_object, E_GL_ARB_program_interface_query,
+            E_GL_ARB_framebuffer_object, E_GL_ARB_draw_indirect, E_GL_ARB_multi_draw_indirect,
            E_GL_ARB_indirect_parameters, E_GL_EXT_framebuffer_object, E_GL_ARB_depth_texture, E_GL_ARB_buffer_storage,
            E_GL_ARB_texture_storage, E_GL_ARB_texture_storage_multisample, E_GL_ARB_texture_multisample,
            E_GL_ARB_clear_texture, E_GL_ARB_direct_state_access, E_GL_ARB_shader_draw_parameters,
@@ -910,10 +896,40 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            // glDepthRangeArrayv / glDepthRangeIndexed / glGetFloati_v / glGetDoublei_v, over the
            // 16 viewports GL_MAX_VIEWPORTS reports.
            E_GL_ARB_viewport_array,
+            // Core in the 4.x versions this backend already claims, and named so a context of an
+            // older requested version reaches the same, already-implemented surface (the conformance
+            // suite gates its GL 3.x runs of these on the string alone):
+            //  - transform feedback objects, pause/resume and glDrawTransformFeedback (4.0);
+            E_GL_ARB_transform_feedback2,
+            //  - multiple capture buffers per stream, gl_SkipComponents / gl_NextBuffer, the
+            //    indexed queries and glDrawTransformFeedbackStream (4.0);
+            E_GL_ARB_transform_feedback3,
+            //  - GL_RGB10_A2UI (3.3), GL_RGB9_E5 (3.0) and the integer colour formats (3.0);
+            E_GL_ARB_texture_rgb10_a2ui, E_GL_EXT_texture_shared_exponent, E_GL_EXT_texture_integer,
+            //  - the eleven pipeline-statistics query targets (4.6). Accepted by glBeginQuery and
+            //    answered with GL_QUERY_COUNTER_BITS = 0, the spec's own "this counter is not
+            //    instrumented" signal (see IsPipelineStatisticsQueryTarget in GL_Query.cpp);
+            E_GL_ARB_pipeline_statistics_query,
+            //  - mix() over integer and boolean vectors in GLSL below 4.50. The frontend compiles it
+            //    to OpSelect, which SPIR-V consumes directly.
+            E_GL_EXT_shader_integer_mix,
+            // The origin and depth mode select the Y negation and the [-1, 1] -> [0, 1] depth
+            // remap of the position fixup every program already gets, so no device feature is
+            // involved (ApplyClipControlToTransformFlags).
+            E_GL_ARB_clip_control,
            // Advertised with GL_NUM_PROGRAM_BINARY_FORMATS = 0, which the
            // extension explicitly permits. It is also the only thing that
            // exposes glProgramParameteri before GL 4.1.
            E_GL_ARB_get_program_binary};
+        // Follows the tessellationShader device feature; GL_Query also reads the string to open
+        // the two tessellation pipeline-statistics targets.
+        if (features.TessellationShader) {
+            extensions.push_back(E_GL_ARB_tessellation_shader);
+        }
+        // Follows the shaderCullDistance device feature, the same gate GL_MAX_CULL_DISTANCES uses.
+        if (features.CullDistance) {
+            extensions.push_back(E_GL_ARB_cull_distance);
+        }
        // Vulkan's drawIndirectFirstInstance feature is optional. Direct base-instance calls work
        // without it, but ARB_base_instance also promises non-zero firstInstance in GPU indirect
        // commands; the renderer supplies true only when that word is legal and gl_InstanceID can
@@ -921,7 +937,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        if (nonZeroIndirectBaseInstanceSupported) {
            extensions.push_back(E_GL_ARB_base_instance);
        }
-        if (shaderSubgroupSupported && !MG_Config::Features.MagmaDisableSubgroup) {
+        if (shaderSubgroupSupported) {
            extensions.push_back(E_GL_KHR_shader_subgroup);
        }
        // GL_KHR_parallel_shader_compile is MobileGL's own capability, not the Vulkan
@@ -998,7 +1014,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            funcsTable.GL.DrawElements = DrawElements;
            funcsTable.GL.DrawElementsBaseVertex = DrawElementsBaseVertex;
            funcsTable.GL.MultiDrawArrays = MultiDrawArrays;
-            funcsTable.GL.MultiDrawElements = MultiDrawElements;
            funcsTable.GL.MultiDrawElementsBaseVertex = MultiDrawElementsBaseVertex;
            funcsTable.GL.MultiDrawElementsIndirect = MultiDrawElementsIndirect;
            funcsTable.GL.MultiDrawArraysIndirect = MultiDrawArraysIndirect;
@@ -1019,19 +1034,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            funcsTable.GL.ClearBufferfv = ClearBufferfv;
            funcsTable.GL.ClearBufferuiv = ClearBufferuiv;
            funcsTable.GL.ClearBufferiv = ClearBufferiv;
-            funcsTable.GL.ClearNamedFramebufferfv = ClearNamedFramebufferfv;
-            funcsTable.GL.ClearNamedFramebufferfi = ClearNamedFramebufferfi;
-            funcsTable.GL.ClearNamedFramebufferiv = ClearNamedFramebufferiv;
-            funcsTable.GL.ClearNamedFramebufferuiv = ClearNamedFramebufferuiv;
            funcsTable.GL.BlitFramebuffer = BlitFramebuffer;
-            funcsTable.GL.BlitNamedFramebuffer = BlitNamedFramebuffer;
            funcsTable.GL.CopyTexImage2D = CopyTexImage2D;
            funcsTable.GL.CopyTexSubImage2D = CopyTexSubImage2D;
            funcsTable.GL.CopyImageSubData = CopyImageSubData;
            funcsTable.GL.GenerateMipmap = GenerateMipmap;
            funcsTable.GL.ReadPixels = ReadPixels;
-            funcsTable.GL.GetTexImage = GetTexImage;
-            funcsTable.GL.GetTextureImage = GetTextureImage;
            funcsTable.GL.DispatchCompute = DispatchCompute;
            funcsTable.GL.DispatchComputeIndirect = DispatchComputeIndirect;
            funcsTable.GL.MemoryBarrier = MemoryBarrier;
@@ -1081,9 +1089,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        m_vulkanCaps = capabilities;
        UpdateDynamicBackendParameters();
        UpdateAdvertisedExtensions();
-        if (MGB_CTX_LIVE) {
-            MGB_CTX->InvalidateCompileEnv();
-        }
+        MG_Pipe::MGPipeNotifyCompileEnvChanged();
        MutableFormatCapabilities().Clear();
    }

@@ -1094,17 +1100,30 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // real device timestamp support. ApplyVulkanCapabilitiesForTesting may
        // run without a renderer; no timer query is advertised then. Rebuilding
        // the whole list keeps re-runs idempotent.
-        // The opt-in emulated compute path (SubgroupSupportPolicy.h) carries the
-        // extension by itself on devices with no native subgroup support at all; a
-        // device with native subgroups always advertises - and uses - those.
+        // The emulated compute path (SubgroupSupportPolicy.h) carries the extension by
+        // itself on devices with no native subgroup support at all; a device with native
+        // subgroups advertises - and uses - those unless MOBILEGL_SUBGROUP_EMULATION forces
+        // the emulation.
        const Bool subgroupSupportAdvertised =
-            m_vulkanCaps.SupportsShaderSubgroup ||
-            ShouldEmulateSubgroups(m_vulkanCaps.SupportsShaderSubgroup);
+            ResolveVulkanSubgroupImplementation(m_vulkanCaps.SupportsShaderSubgroup) !=
+            MG_Backend::SubgroupImplementation::None;
        m_rendererInfo.RendererGLInfo.Extensions = BuildAdvertisedExtensions(
            subgroupSupportAdvertised, pVulkanRenderer && pVulkanRenderer->IsTimerQuerySupported(),
            pVulkanRenderer && pVulkanRenderer->IsSamplerAnisotropySupported(),
            pVulkanRenderer && pVulkanRenderer->IsNonZeroIndirectBaseInstanceSupported(),
-            m_vulkanCaps.SupportsImageCubeArray);
+            m_vulkanCaps.SupportsImageCubeArray,
+            AdvertisedFeatureSupport{.TessellationShader = m_vulkanCaps.SupportsTessellationShader,
+                                     .CullDistance =
+                                         m_vulkanCaps.SupportsShaderCullDistance && m_vulkanCaps.MaxCullDistances > 0});
+        // GL_EXT_fragment_shading_rate rides on VK_KHR_fragment_shading_rate's pipeline rate, and
+        // its _primitive companion on the primitive rate; both only when the renderer enabled them.
+        // _attachment is not advertised: no framebuffer carries a rate attachment to this backend.
+        if (pVulkanRenderer != nullptr && pVulkanRenderer->GetFragmentShadingRateSupport().Pipeline) {
+            m_rendererInfo.RendererGLInfo.Extensions.push_back(E_GL_EXT_fragment_shading_rate);
+            if (pVulkanRenderer->GetFragmentShadingRateSupport().Primitive) {
+                m_rendererInfo.RendererGLInfo.Extensions.push_back(E_GL_EXT_fragment_shading_rate_primitive);
+            }
+        }
    }

    void BackendObject_DirectVulkan::UpdateDynamicBackendParameters() {
@@ -1180,6 +1199,28 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        m_dynamicParameters.MaxIntegerSamples = m_vulkanCaps.MaxIntegerSamples;
        m_dynamicParameters.MaxSamples = m_vulkanCaps.MaxSamples;
        m_dynamicParameters.MaxSampleMaskWords = m_vulkanCaps.MaxSampleMaskWords;
+        // GL_SAMPLE_POSITION. A device reporting standardSampleLocations places the samples exactly
+        // at the Vulkan specification's table (Multisampling, "Standard sample locations"), which
+        // is also what gl_SamplePosition reads back in a shader. Vulkan's sample y grows with the
+        // framebuffer row, and a framebuffer object's row 0 is GL's y = 0, so the table needs no
+        // flip to be GL's answer. Without the flag the positions are unknown and stay unset.
+        if (m_vulkanCaps.StandardSampleLocations) {
+            static constexpr Float kStandard2[] = {0.75f, 0.75f, 0.25f, 0.25f};
+            static constexpr Float kStandard4[] = {0.375f, 0.125f, 0.875f, 0.375f, 0.125f, 0.625f, 0.625f, 0.875f};
+            static constexpr Float kStandard8[] = {0.5625f, 0.3125f, 0.4375f, 0.6875f, 0.8125f, 0.5625f,
+                                                   0.3125f, 0.1875f, 0.1875f, 0.8125f, 0.0625f, 0.4375f,
+                                                   0.6875f, 0.9375f, 0.9375f, 0.0625f};
+            static constexpr Float kStandard16[] = {
+                0.5625f, 0.5625f, 0.4375f, 0.3125f, 0.3125f, 0.625f, 0.75f,  0.4375f, 0.1875f, 0.375f, 0.625f,
+                0.8125f, 0.8125f, 0.6875f, 0.6875f, 0.1875f, 0.375f, 0.875f, 0.5f,    0.0625f, 0.25f,  0.125f,
+                0.125f,  0.75f,   0.0f,    0.5f,    0.9375f, 0.25f,  0.875f, 0.9375f, 0.0625f, 0.0f};
+            const Float* const tables[] = {kStandard2, kStandard4, kStandard8, kStandard16};
+            for (Int samples = 2, row = 0; samples <= decltype(m_dynamicParameters)::kMaxSamplePositionCount &&
+                                           samples <= m_vulkanCaps.MaxSamples;
+                 samples *= 2, ++row) {
+                m_dynamicParameters.SetSamplePositions(samples, tables[row]);
+            }
+        }
        const Int maxSupportedTextureUnits = static_cast<Int>(MG_State::GLState::TextureState::MAX_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS);
        // GL_MAX_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS is a *per-stage* sampler limit. Adreno/Qualcomm report a huge
        // maxPerStageDescriptorSampledImages (descriptor-indexing scale), so clamping it only to our
@@ -1231,9 +1272,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        m_dynamicParameters.MaxCombinedShaderStorageBlocks =
            clampLimit("GL_MAX_COMBINED_SHADER_STORAGE_BLOCKS", m_vulkanCaps.MaxCombinedShaderStorageBlocks,
                       kMaxAdvertisedBufferBlocks);
-        m_dynamicParameters.MaxComputeUniformBlocks =
-            clampLimit("GL_MAX_COMPUTE_UNIFORM_BLOCKS", m_vulkanCaps.MaxComputeUniformBlocks,
-                       kMaxAdvertisedBufferBlocks);
+        m_dynamicParameters.MaxComputeUniformBlocks = clampLimit(
+            "GL_MAX_COMPUTE_UNIFORM_BLOCKS", m_vulkanCaps.MaxComputeUniformBlocks, kMaxAdvertisedBufferBlocks);
        m_dynamicParameters.MaxComputeWorkGroupInvocations = m_vulkanCaps.MaxComputeWorkGroupInvocations;
        // The six per-axis compute limits, from the same VkPhysicalDeviceLimits fields
        // GLFunctionsTable::GetIntegeri_v (DirectVulkan.cpp) reads live. Carried here so that
@@ -1294,6 +1334,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // device reports it, so these are the exact limits the logical device can compile and run.
        m_dynamicParameters.MaxVertexImageUniforms =
            m_vulkanCaps.SupportsVertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics ? maxPerStageImageUniforms : 0;
+        // The tessellation stages are vertex-pipeline stages too, so the same feature gates them.
+        m_dynamicParameters.MaxTessControlImageUniforms = m_dynamicParameters.MaxVertexImageUniforms;
+        m_dynamicParameters.MaxTessEvaluationImageUniforms = m_dynamicParameters.MaxVertexImageUniforms;
        m_dynamicParameters.MaxGeometryImageUniforms =
            m_vulkanCaps.SupportsVertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics && m_vulkanCaps.SupportsGeometryShader
                ? maxPerStageImageUniforms
@@ -1434,14 +1477,16 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        m_dynamicParameters.SupportsFloat64VertexAttributes = false;
        m_dynamicParameters.MaxShaderStorageBlockSize =
            std::min(m_vulkanCaps.MaxShaderStorageBlockSize, kMaxAdvertisedShaderStorageBlockSize);
-        if (m_vulkanCaps.SupportsShaderSubgroup) {
+        const MG_Backend::SubgroupImplementation subgroupImplementation =
+            ResolveVulkanSubgroupImplementation(m_vulkanCaps.SupportsShaderSubgroup);
+        if (subgroupImplementation == MG_Backend::SubgroupImplementation::Native) {
            m_dynamicParameters.SubgroupSize = m_vulkanCaps.SubgroupSize;
            m_dynamicParameters.SubgroupSupportedStages = mapShaderStages(m_vulkanCaps.SubgroupSupportedStages);
            m_dynamicParameters.SubgroupSupportedFeatures =
                mapSubgroupFeatures(m_vulkanCaps.SubgroupSupportedOperations);
            m_dynamicParameters.SubgroupQuadOperationsInAllStages = m_vulkanCaps.SubgroupQuadOperationsInAllStages;
-        } else if (ShouldEmulateSubgroups(m_vulkanCaps.SupportsShaderSubgroup)) {
-            // MOBILEGL_MAGMA_EMULATE_SUBGROUP on a device with no native subgroups: the
+        } else if (subgroupImplementation == MG_Backend::SubgroupImplementation::Emulated) {
+            // A device with no native subgroups (or MOBILEGL_SUBGROUP_EMULATION forcing it): the
            // advertised values describe the 32-lane virtual subgroup the compute
            // lowering implements (SubgroupSupportPolicy.h / EmulateSubgroupsPass).
            // GL requires the advertisement and the execution to agree, and on this
@@ -1450,8 +1495,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            m_dynamicParameters.SubgroupSupportedStages = kEmulatedSubgroupStages;
            m_dynamicParameters.SubgroupSupportedFeatures = kEmulatedSubgroupFeatures;
            m_dynamicParameters.SubgroupQuadOperationsInAllStages = false;
-            MGLOG_I("DirectVulkan: emulating 32-lane compute subgroups "
-                    "(MOBILEGL_MAGMA_EMULATE_SUBGROUP, no native subgroup support)");
+            MGLOG_I("DirectVulkan: emulating 32-lane compute subgroups (%s)",
+                    m_vulkanCaps.SupportsShaderSubgroup ? "forced by MOBILEGL_SUBGROUP_EMULATION"
+                                                        : "no native subgroup support");
        } else {
            m_dynamicParameters.SubgroupSize = 0;
            m_dynamicParameters.SubgroupSupportedStages = 0;
@@ -1481,7 +1527,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        case 0x1010u: // Imagination
            m_dynamicParameters.GpuVendor = GpuVendorKind::ImgTec;
            break;
-        case 0x10005u: // Mesa software (lavapipe)
+        case 0x10005u: // software (lavapipe)
        case 0x1AE0u:  // Google (SwiftShader)
            m_dynamicParameters.GpuVendor = GpuVendorKind::Software;
            break;
@@ -1489,5 +1535,31 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            m_dynamicParameters.GpuVendor = GpuVendorKind::Unknown;
            break;
        }
+
+        // GL_EXT_fragment_shading_rate: what the renderer enabled of VK_KHR_fragment_shading_rate.
+        // The attachment rate stays off (see UpdateAdvertisedExtensions), and with it every limit
+        // that only describes the attachment.
+        {
+            const FragmentShadingRateSupport fsr = pVulkanRenderer != nullptr
+                                                       ? pVulkanRenderer->GetFragmentShadingRateSupport()
+                                                       : FragmentShadingRateSupport{};
+            m_dynamicParameters.SupportsFragmentShadingRate = fsr.Pipeline;
+            m_dynamicParameters.SupportsPrimitiveFragmentShadingRate = fsr.Pipeline && fsr.Primitive;
+            m_dynamicParameters.SupportsAttachmentFragmentShadingRate = false;
+            m_dynamicParameters.FragmentShadingRateNonTrivialCombiners = fsr.NonTrivialCombiners;
+            m_dynamicParameters.FragmentShadingRateWithShaderDepthStencilWrites = fsr.WithShaderDepthStencilWrites;
+            m_dynamicParameters.FragmentShadingRateWithSampleMask = fsr.WithSampleMask;
+            m_dynamicParameters.FragmentShadingRatePrimitiveWithMultiViewport = fsr.PrimitiveWithMultipleViewports;
+            m_dynamicParameters.FragmentShadingRateAttachmentWithDefaultFramebuffer = false;
+            for (SizeT i = 0; i < std::size(m_dynamicParameters.FragmentShadingRateMasks); ++i) {
+                m_dynamicParameters.FragmentShadingRateMasks[i] = fsr.Pipeline ? fsr.RateMasks[i] : 0;
+            }
+            m_dynamicParameters.MinFragmentShadingRateAttachmentTexelWidth = 0;
+            m_dynamicParameters.MinFragmentShadingRateAttachmentTexelHeight = 0;
+            m_dynamicParameters.MaxFragmentShadingRateAttachmentTexelWidth = 0;
+            m_dynamicParameters.MaxFragmentShadingRateAttachmentTexelHeight = 0;
+            m_dynamicParameters.MaxFragmentShadingRateAttachmentTexelAspectRatio = 0;
+            m_dynamicParameters.MaxFragmentShadingRateAttachmentLayers = 0;
+        }
    }
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan
@@ -18,14 +18,15 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    // initialization; the physical device must remain valid for the duration of the call.
    void PopulateFormatCapabilities(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
                                    PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties getFormatProperties,
-                                    const MG_External::VulkanCapabilities& capabilities,
-                                    FormatCapabilityCache& cache);
+                                    const MG_External::VulkanCapabilities& capabilities, FormatCapabilityCache& cache);

-    class BackendObject_DirectVulkan : public BackendObject {
+    class BackendObject_DirectVulkan : public BackendObject, public ServerHooks {
    public:
        BackendObject_DirectVulkan();
        ~BackendObject_DirectVulkan() override;

+        ServerHooks* AsServer() override { return this; }
+
        void Initialize() override;
        void BindSessionStateToThisThread() override;
        // The GPU hang watch's verdict on this session's device (VulkanRenderer::LatchIfGpuHung).
@@ -109,13 +110,14 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    const RendererInfo& GetRendererIdentity();

    // The full OpenGL extension list Magma advertises (glGetString(GL_EXTENSIONS)) for
-    // a device with the given raw capabilities. The MOBILEGL_MAGMA_DISABLE_SUBGROUP and
-    // MOBILEGL_DISABLE_TIMERQUERY escape hatches are applied inside, so callers pass
-    // the detected device support (passing an already-gated value is harmless).
+    // a device with the given raw capabilities. The MOBILEGL_DISABLE_TIMERQUERY escape hatch
+    // is applied inside, so callers pass the detected device support (passing an
+    // already-gated value is harmless). `shaderSubgroupSupported` is whether
+    // GL_KHR_shader_subgroup is offered at all, natively or emulated.
    Vector<GLExtension> BuildAdvertisedExtensions(Bool shaderSubgroupSupported, Bool timerQueriesSupported,
                                                  Bool anisotropicFilteringSupported,
-                                                  Bool nonZeroIndirectBaseInstanceSupported,
-                                                  Bool cubeMapArraySupported);
+                                                  Bool nonZeroIndirectBaseInstanceSupported, Bool cubeMapArraySupported,
+                                                  const AdvertisedFeatureSupport& features = {});

    // Format: <GPU Name>, Vulkan <Vulkan Version>, Driver <Driver Version> — the exact
    // string an initialized backend returns from GetBackendAPIVersionString (and that
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    // headers. They link the static library on desktop; the shipping shared library is built with
    // hidden visibility, so on Android nothing outside the library can call GetDescriptorPoolCensus.
    struct DescriptorPoolCensus {
-        bool available = false;         // false when no Magma renderer is live (e.g. the DirectGLES backend)
+        bool available = false; // false when no Magma renderer is live (e.g. the DirectGLES backend)
        uint32_t frameSlots = 0;
-        uint32_t pools = 0;             // descriptor pools across every frame slot
+        uint32_t pools = 0; // descriptor pools across every frame slot
        uint32_t maxPoolsInOneSlot = 0;
-        uint64_t capacitySets = 0;      // sum of maxSets over those pools
-        uint64_t cachedSets = 0;        // sets allocated from them and held in the per-layout caches
-        uint64_t slotTrims = 0;         // whole-slot trims since the renderer came up
+        uint64_t capacitySets = 0; // sum of maxSets over those pools
+        uint64_t cachedSets = 0;   // sets allocated from them and held in the per-layout caches
+        uint64_t slotTrims = 0;    // whole-slot trims since the renderer came up
    };

    DescriptorPoolCensus GetDescriptorPoolCensus();
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@

 #pragma once
 #include <Includes.h>
-#include <MG_Backend/BackendObject.h>
+#include <MG_Backend/BackendFunctions.h>
 #include "MagmaSession.h"
 #include "Renderer/VulkanRenderer.h"

@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    Uint64 GetRendererGeneration();
    void BumpRendererGeneration();

-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED && MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH
    // P7 wave 2 package C (CONTRACT-P7 §5.5). Magma's StateObjectDeathOps table, installed
    // from BackendObject_DirectVulkan::Initialize() so that GetStateObjectDeathOps() is
    // non-null on every Magma role that owns a backend. See the definition for what the one
@@ -55,7 +54,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    // True when the notice currently installed is this backend's. Read by MG_Test so the
    // install can be asserted without a death having to happen first.
    Bool StateObjectDeathOpsInstalled();
-#endif

    // Drops every cached program-resource reflection entry (CPU-side strings/vectors
    // only, no Vulkan handles). Called at EGL teardown next to the renderer reset;
@@ -67,29 +65,19 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    void ClearBufferfv(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLfloat* value);
    void ClearBufferuiv(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLuint* value);
    void ClearBufferiv(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLint* value);
-    void ClearNamedFramebufferfv(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& framebuffer, GLenum buffer,
-                                 GLint drawbuffer, const GLfloat* value);
-    void ClearNamedFramebufferiv(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& framebuffer, GLenum buffer,
-                                 GLint drawbuffer, const GLint* value);
-    void ClearNamedFramebufferuiv(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& framebuffer, GLenum buffer,
-                                  GLint drawbuffer, const GLuint* value);
-    void ClearNamedFramebufferfi(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& framebuffer, GLenum buffer,
-                                 GLint drawbuffer, GLfloat depth, GLint stencil);
    void Clear(GLbitfield mask);
    void DrawElements(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices);
    void DrawArrays(GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count);
    void DrawElementsBaseVertex(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const GLvoid* indices, GLint basevertex);
    void MultiDrawArrays(GLenum mode, const GLint* first, const GLsizei* count, GLsizei drawcount);
-    void MultiDrawElements(GLenum mode, const GLsizei* count, GLenum type, const GLvoid* const* indices,
-                           GLsizei drawcount);
    void MultiDrawElementsBaseVertex(GLenum mode, const GLsizei* count, GLenum type, const GLvoid* const* indices,
                                     GLsizei drawcount, const GLint* basevertex);
    void MultiDrawElementsIndirect(GLenum mode, GLenum type, const void* indirect, GLsizei drawcount, GLsizei stride);
    void MultiDrawArraysIndirect(GLenum mode, const void* indirect, GLsizei drawcount, GLsizei stride);
    void MultiDrawElementsIndirectCount(GLenum mode, GLenum type, const void* indirect, GLintptr drawcount,
                                        GLsizei maxdrawcount, GLsizei stride);
-    void MultiDrawArraysIndirectCount(GLenum mode, const void* indirect, GLintptr drawcount,
-                                      GLsizei maxdrawcount, GLsizei stride);
+    void MultiDrawArraysIndirectCount(GLenum mode, const void* indirect, GLintptr drawcount, GLsizei maxdrawcount,
+                                      GLsizei stride);
    void DrawRangeElementsBaseVertex(GLenum mode, GLuint start, GLuint end, GLsizei count, GLenum type,
                                     const void* indices, GLint basevertex);
    void DrawRangeElements(GLenum mode, GLuint start, GLuint end, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices);
@@ -107,20 +95,13 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    void DrawArraysIndirect(GLenum mode, const void* indirect);
    void BlitFramebuffer(GLint srcX0, GLint srcY0, GLint srcX1, GLint srcY1, GLint dstX0, GLint dstY0, GLint dstX1,
                         GLint dstY1, GLbitfield mask, GLenum filter);
-    void BlitNamedFramebuffer(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& readFramebuffer,
-                              const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& drawFramebuffer,
-                              GLint srcX0, GLint srcY0, GLint srcX1, GLint srcY1,
-                              GLint dstX0, GLint dstY0, GLint dstX1, GLint dstY1,
-                              GLbitfield mask, GLenum filter);
    void CopyTexImage2D(GLenum target, GLint level, GLenum internalformat, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width,
                        GLsizei height, GLint border);
    void CopyTexSubImage2D(GLenum target, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width,
                           GLsizei height);
-    void CopyImageSubData(const CopyImageEndpoint& src,
-                          GLenum srcTarget, GLint srcLevel, GLint srcX, GLint srcY, GLint srcZ,
-                          const CopyImageEndpoint& dst,
-                          GLenum dstTarget, GLint dstLevel, GLint dstX, GLint dstY, GLint dstZ,
-                          GLsizei srcWidth, GLsizei srcHeight, GLsizei srcDepth);
+    void CopyImageSubData(const CopyImageEndpoint& src, GLenum srcTarget, GLint srcLevel, GLint srcX, GLint srcY,
+                          GLint srcZ, const CopyImageEndpoint& dst, GLenum dstTarget, GLint dstLevel, GLint dstX,
+                          GLint dstY, GLint dstZ, GLsizei srcWidth, GLsizei srcHeight, GLsizei srcDepth);
    void GenerateMipmap(GLenum target);
    void DispatchCompute(GLuint numGroupsX, GLuint numGroupsY, GLuint numGroupsZ);
    void DispatchComputeIndirect(GLintptr indirect);
@@ -131,9 +112,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    void GetIntegeri_v(GLenum target, GLuint index, GLint* data);
    void ShaderStorageBlockBinding(GLuint program, const GLchar* storageBlockName, GLuint storageBlockBinding);
    void ReadPixels(GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLenum format, GLenum type, void* pixels);
-    void GetTexImage(GLenum target, GLint level, GLenum format, GLenum type, GLvoid* pixels);
-    void GetTextureImage(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& texture, TextureUploadTarget uploadTarget,
-                         GLint level, GLenum format, GLenum type, GLsizei bufSize, GLvoid* pixels);
    // GL fence sync objects, mapped onto the renderer's frame-serial busy
    // tracking: a fence captures the frame serial current at creation and is
    // signaled once every command recorded under that serial has completed on
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@

 namespace MobileGL::MG_State::GLState {
    class ProgramObject;
-}
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_State::GLState

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    GLuint GetShaderStorageBlockIndex(const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program, const String& name);
    GLuint GetShaderStorageBlockBinding(const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program, GLuint blockIndex);
-}
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan
@@ -26,11 +26,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {

        std::atomic<Uint64> g_nextSessionId{1};

-        thread_local MagmaSession* t_boundSession = nullptr;
-
        // Leak-at-exit, like the renderer it holds (GlobalObjects.cpp): nothing may tear the
        // monolith's renderer down from a static destructor after the driver is gone.
-        MagmaSession& ProcessSession() {
+        MagmaSession& ProcessSessionInstance() {
            static auto* session = new MagmaSession();
            return *session;
        }
@@ -42,12 +40,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        return static_cast<Uint32>(registry.size() - 1);
    }

-    MagmaSession& Detail::CurrentMagmaSession() {
-        MagmaSession* bound = t_boundSession;
-        return bound != nullptr ? *bound : ProcessSession();
+    MagmaSession& Detail::ProcessMagmaSession() {
+        return ProcessSessionInstance();
    }

-    void* Detail::SessionLocalSlot(MagmaSession& session, Uint32 index) {
+    void* Detail::SessionLocalSlotSlow(MagmaSession& session, Uint32 index) {
        if (index >= session.m_slots.size()) session.m_slots.resize(Registry().size(), nullptr);
        void*& slot = session.m_slots[index];
        if (slot == nullptr) slot = Registry()[index].construct();
@@ -59,29 +56,36 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // the app renders on, and a lazily built slot would be a first-touch race between two.
        const auto& registry = Registry();
        m_slots.resize(registry.size(), nullptr);
-        for (SizeT i = 0; i < registry.size(); ++i) m_slots[i] = registry[i].construct();
+        for (SizeT i = 0; i < registry.size(); ++i)
+            m_slots[i] = registry[i].construct();
    }

    MagmaSession::~MagmaSession() {
-        MagmaSession* const previous = t_boundSession;
-        t_boundSession = this;
+        MagmaSession* const previous = Detail::t_boundMagmaSession;
+        Detail::t_boundMagmaSession = this;
        const auto& registry = Registry();
        for (SizeT i = m_slots.size(); i-- > 0;) {
            if (m_slots[i] != nullptr) registry[i].destroy(m_slots[i]);
            m_slots[i] = nullptr;
        }
        // Never back to this session: it is gone.
-        t_boundSession = previous == this ? nullptr : previous;
+        Detail::t_boundMagmaSession = previous == this ? nullptr : previous;
    }

-    MagmaSessionScope::MagmaSessionScope(MagmaSession* session) : m_previous(t_boundSession) {
-        t_boundSession = session;
+    MagmaSessionScope::MagmaSessionScope(MagmaSession* session) : m_previous(Detail::t_boundMagmaSession) {
+        Detail::t_boundMagmaSession = session;
    }

-    MagmaSessionScope::~MagmaSessionScope() { t_boundSession = m_previous; }
+    MagmaSessionScope::~MagmaSessionScope() {
+        Detail::t_boundMagmaSession = m_previous;
+    }

-    void BindMagmaSessionToThisThread(MagmaSession* session) { t_boundSession = session; }
+    void BindMagmaSessionToThisThread(MagmaSession* session) {
+        Detail::t_boundMagmaSession = session;
+    }

-    MagmaSession* BoundMagmaSession() { return t_boundSession; }
+    MagmaSession* BoundMagmaSession() {
+        return Detail::t_boundMagmaSession;
+    }

 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan
@@ -34,9 +34,19 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        using SessionLocalDestroy = void (*)(void*);
        // Registers one SessionLocal<T> and returns its slot. Called from static initialization.
        Uint32 RegisterSessionLocal(SessionLocalConstruct construct, SessionLocalDestroy destroy);
+        // The calling thread's bound session (MagmaSessionScope, BindMagmaSessionToThisThread), null
+        // when it has none. P15: visible here, and constant-initialized, so the read inlines into
+        // every SessionLocal access and one function's accesses can share a single TLS address
+        // computation instead of paying one out-of-line call each.
+        inline constinit thread_local MagmaSession* t_boundMagmaSession = nullptr;
+        MagmaSession& ProcessMagmaSession();
        // The calling thread's session, or the process-wide default.
-        MagmaSession& CurrentMagmaSession();
-        void* SessionLocalSlot(MagmaSession& session, Uint32 index);
+        inline MagmaSession& CurrentMagmaSession() {
+            MagmaSession* const bound = t_boundMagmaSession;
+            return bound != nullptr ? *bound : ProcessMagmaSession();
+        }
+        inline void* SessionLocalSlot(MagmaSession& session, Uint32 index);
+        void* SessionLocalSlotSlow(MagmaSession& session, Uint32 index);
    } // namespace Detail

    // One served session's copy of every SessionLocal. Slots are built lazily on first use and
@@ -55,12 +65,21 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {

    private:
        friend void* Detail::SessionLocalSlot(MagmaSession& session, Uint32 index);
+        friend void* Detail::SessionLocalSlotSlow(MagmaSession& session, Uint32 index);
        Vector<void*> m_slots;
        Uint64 m_id = 0;
    };

    // Makes `session` the calling thread's Magma session for the scope's lifetime, restoring the
    // previous binding (usually none) afterwards.
+    // A built slot is returned in line; a missing one is built out of line.
+    inline void* Detail::SessionLocalSlot(MagmaSession& session, Uint32 index) {
+        if (index < session.m_slots.size()) {
+            if (void* const slot = session.m_slots[index]) return slot;
+        }
+        return SessionLocalSlotSlow(session, index);
+    }
+
    class MagmaSessionScope {
    public:
        explicit MagmaSessionScope(MagmaSession* session);
@@ -85,9 +104,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        SessionLocal(const SessionLocal&) = delete;
        SessionLocal& operator=(const SessionLocal&) = delete;

-        T& Get() const {
-            return *static_cast<T*>(Detail::SessionLocalSlot(Detail::CurrentMagmaSession(), m_index));
-        }
+        T& Get() const { return *static_cast<T*>(Detail::SessionLocalSlot(Detail::CurrentMagmaSession(), m_index)); }
        T& operator*() const { return Get(); }
        T* operator->() const { return &Get(); }

@@ -7,9 +7,7 @@
 // End of Source File Header

 #include "BufferArena.h"
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
 #include <Config.h>
-#endif

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    Bool BufferArena::Initialize(const BufferArenaDesc& desc) {
@@ -128,14 +126,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        bufferDesc.usage = m_desc.usage;
        bufferDesc.memoryUsage = m_desc.memoryUsage;
        bufferDesc.allocationFlags = m_desc.allocationFlags;
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        // Split staging may also be the destination of a GPU UBO range copy.
        // Persistent host writes must be coherent: Upload deliberately writes
        // the mapped pointer without a per-range VMA flush.
-        if (MG_Config::Transport != MG_Config::TransportMode::Monolith && m_desc.persistentlyMapped) {
+        if (m_desc.persistentlyMapped) {
            bufferDesc.requiredFlags = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT;
        }
-#endif
        if (!buffer.Create(bufferDesc)) {
            return false;
        }
@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        void CollectDeferredReleases(Uint32 frameIndex);

        Bool Allocate(Uint32 frameIndex, VkDeviceSize size, VkDeviceSize alignment, BufferSlice& outSlice);
-        Bool Upload(Uint32 frameIndex, const void* data, VkDeviceSize size, VkDeviceSize alignment, BufferSlice& outSlice);
+        Bool Upload(Uint32 frameIndex, const void* data, VkDeviceSize size, VkDeviceSize alignment,
+                    BufferSlice& outSlice);

        VkDeviceSize GetWriteCursor(Uint32 frameIndex) const;
        Uint32 GetFrameCount() const;
@@ -7,9 +7,7 @@
 // End of Source File Header

 #include "FrameContext.h"
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
 #include <Config.h>
-#endif

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    VkResult FrameContext::Initialize(VkDevice device, VkCommandPool commandPool, Uint32 frameCount) {
@@ -103,14 +101,17 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    VkCommandBuffer& FrameContext::BeginCommandRecording(VkCommandBufferUsageFlags flags,
                                                         const VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo* pInheritanceInfo) {
        auto& frame = GetCurrent();
-        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(!frame.isCommandRecording, "BeginCommandRecording called while command buffer is already recording");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(!frame.isCommandRecording,
+                        "BeginCommandRecording called while command buffer is already recording");

        frame.hasCommandBufferRecorded = false;
        VK_VERIFY(vkResetCommandBuffer(frame.commandBuffer, 0), "BeginCommandRecording, vkResetCommandBuffer");

        VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo{};
        beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
-        beginInfo.flags = flags;
+        // P15: a frame recording is submitted once and then reset, so the driver may skip whatever
+        // it keeps for re-submission.
+        beginInfo.flags = flags | VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT;
        beginInfo.pInheritanceInfo = pInheritanceInfo;
        VK_VERIFY(vkBeginCommandBuffer(frame.commandBuffer, &beginInfo), "BeginCommandRecording, vkBeginCommandBuffer");

@@ -139,6 +140,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        VK_VERIFY(vkResetCommandBuffer(frame.preCommandBuffer, 0), "BeginPreCommandRecording, vkResetCommandBuffer");
        VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo{};
        beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
+        beginInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT;
        VK_VERIFY(vkBeginCommandBuffer(frame.preCommandBuffer, &beginInfo),
                  "BeginPreCommandRecording, vkBeginCommandBuffer");
        frame.isPreCommandRecording = true;
@@ -173,8 +175,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        m_swapchainImageRenderFinishedSemaphores.assign(swapchainImageCount, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
        VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO};
        for (Uint32 imageIndex = 0; imageIndex < swapchainImageCount; ++imageIndex) {
-            VkResult result =
-                vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &m_swapchainImageRenderFinishedSemaphores[imageIndex]);
+            VkResult result = vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr,
+                                                &m_swapchainImageRenderFinishedSemaphores[imageIndex]);
            if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
                DestroySwapchainSemaphores(device);
                return result;
@@ -224,13 +226,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        VkImageMemoryBarrier presentBarrier{};
        presentBarrier.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
        presentBarrier.srcAccessMask = 0;
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        // A layout transition writes the image too. Order it after the wire
        // render pass's storeOp, clears and copies instead of relying on the old
        // per-draw queue-idle path. This applies even when contents are discarded.
-        if (MG_Config::Transport != MG_Config::TransportMode::Monolith)
-            presentBarrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_WRITE_BIT;
-#endif
+        presentBarrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_WRITE_BIT;
        presentBarrier.dstAccessMask = 0;
        presentBarrier.oldLayout = oldLayout;
        presentBarrier.newLayout = presentLayout;
@@ -242,15 +241,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        presentBarrier.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
        presentBarrier.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
        presentBarrier.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
-        vkCmdPipelineBarrier(commandBuffer,
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
-                             MG_Config::Transport != MG_Config::TransportMode::Monolith
-                                 ? VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT : VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT,
-#else
-                             VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT,
-#endif
-                             VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT, 0, 0,
-                             nullptr, 0, nullptr, 1, &presentBarrier);
+        vkCmdPipelineBarrier(commandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT, 0,
+                             0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 1, &presentBarrier);

        if (openedRecording) {
            EndCommandRecording();
@@ -261,7 +253,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    FrameContext::SubmitInfoPacket FrameContext::GetSubmitInfo(Bool shouldSubmitCommandBuffer,
                                                               Uint32 swapchainImageIndex) const {
        const auto& frame = GetCurrent();
-        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(!frame.isCommandRecording, "GetSubmitInfo called while command buffer recording is still active");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(!frame.isCommandRecording,
+                        "GetSubmitInfo called while command buffer recording is still active");
        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(!frame.isPreCommandRecording,
                        "GetSubmitInfo called while the pre-pass stream is still recording");
        AssertValidSwapchainImageIndex(swapchainImageIndex);
@@ -280,7 +273,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {

        packet.submitInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = frame.imageAvailableSemaphoreConsumed ? 0U : 1U;
        packet.submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = frame.imageAvailableSemaphoreConsumed ? nullptr : &packet.waitSemaphore;
-        packet.submitInfo.pWaitDstStageMask = frame.imageAvailableSemaphoreConsumed ? nullptr : &packet.waitDstStageMask;
+        packet.submitInfo.pWaitDstStageMask =
+            frame.imageAvailableSemaphoreConsumed ? nullptr : &packet.waitDstStageMask;
        packet.submitInfo.commandBufferCount = commandBufferCount;
        packet.submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = commandBufferCount > 0 ? packet.commandBuffers : nullptr;
        packet.submitInfo.signalSemaphoreCount = 1;
@@ -309,7 +303,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        auto& frame = GetCurrent();
        const VkResult result = vkAcquireNextImageKHR(device, swapchain, UINT64_MAX, frame.imageAvailableSemaphore,
                                                      VK_NULL_HANDLE, &outImageIndex);
-        if (result == VK_SUCCESS || result == VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR) frame.imageAvailableSemaphoreConsumed = false;
+        if (result == VK_SUCCESS || result == VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR) {
+            frame.imageAvailableSemaphoreConsumed = false;
+            frame.acquiredImageReferenced = false;
+        }
        return result;
    }

@@ -340,6 +337,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        }

        frame.imageAvailableSemaphoreConsumed = false;
+        frame.acquiredImageReferenced = false;
        const VkResult resetResult = vkResetFences(device, 1, &frame.imageInFlightFence);
        // Hand the acquire's own code back so the caller can schedule a rebuild.
        return resetResult == VK_SUCCESS ? result : resetResult;
@@ -467,8 +465,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        DestroySyncObjectsForFrame(device, frameIndex);

        auto& frame = m_frames[frameIndex];
-        VkResult result =
-            vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &frame.imageAvailableSemaphore);
+        VkResult result = vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &frame.imageAvailableSemaphore);
        if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
@@ -483,6 +480,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        frame.hasCommandBufferRecorded = false;
        frame.isCommandRecording = false;
        frame.imageAvailableSemaphoreConsumed = false;
+        frame.acquiredImageReferenced = false;
        return VK_SUCCESS;
    }

@@ -501,5 +499,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        frame.isCommandRecording = false;
        frame.hasCommandBufferRecorded = false;
        frame.imageAvailableSemaphoreConsumed = false;
+        frame.acquiredImageReferenced = false;
    }
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan
@@ -25,8 +25,16 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            virtual void OnFrameCommandRecordingBegan(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer) = 0;
        };

+        // The stages the acquire wait blocks. Every first access of an acquired swapchain image is
+        // a layout transition out of PRESENT_SRC_KHR or UNDEFINED whose source scope includes these
+        // stages (TransitionWireImage, TransitionToPresent), and that chain is what orders the
+        // access after the presentation engine's release. Work at other stages, in this and later
+        // submissions, does not wait for the release.
+        static constexpr VkPipelineStageFlags kAcquireWaitStages =
+            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;
+
        struct SubmitInfoPacket {
-            VkPipelineStageFlags waitDstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT;
+            VkPipelineStageFlags waitDstStageMask = kAcquireWaitStages;
            VkSemaphore waitSemaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
            VkSemaphore signalSemaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
            // [0] = pre-pass command buffer (when recorded), then the frame
@@ -67,6 +75,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            Bool isPreCommandRecording = false;
            Bool hasPreCommandBufferRecorded = false;
            Bool imageAvailableSemaphoreConsumed = false;
+            // The open recording references the acquired swapchain image. Only a submission that
+            // does (or the present's) waits on imageAvailableSemaphore: the frame's work recorded
+            // before its first use of the image goes to the queue without the wait, so it never
+            // queues behind the release of an image the display still scans out.
+            Bool acquiredImageReferenced = false;
            // Command buffers submitted mid-frame (FlushPendingCommands),
            // appended in submit order; freed once their submission is known
            // complete (fence wait or completion poll).
@@ -107,7 +120,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        VkResult AcquireNextImageInCurrentSlot(VkDevice device, VkSwapchainKHR swapchain, Uint32& outImageIndex);
        // The per-swapchain-image render-finished semaphores belong to one swapchain; a renderer
        // that parks a surface parks them with it.
-        void ExchangeSwapchainSemaphores(Vector<VkSemaphore>& other) { std::swap(m_swapchainImageRenderFinishedSemaphores, other); }
+        void ExchangeSwapchainSemaphores(Vector<VkSemaphore>& other) {
+            std::swap(m_swapchainImageRenderFinishedSemaphores, other);
+        }
        VkResult WaitAndAcquireNextImage(VkDevice device, VkSwapchainKHR swapchain, Uint32& outImageIndex,
                                         Uint64 timeout = UINT64_MAX, VkFence acquireFence = VK_NULL_HANDLE);

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        return true;
    }

-    GpuProgressMarkers::Bracket GpuProgressMarkers::Acquire() {
+    GpuProgressMarkers::Bracket GpuProgressMarkers::Acquire(Uint64 completedSubmitIndex) {
        Bracket bracket;
        if (m_device == VK_NULL_HANDLE) return bracket;
        const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
@@ -106,7 +106,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            if (slot.Claimed) continue;
            // Retire what finished since the watch last looked: frames come faster than its polls.
            if (slot.InFlight && vkGetEventStatus(m_device, slot.Finished) == VK_EVENT_SET) slot.InFlight = false;
-            if (!slot.InFlight && free == nullptr) free = &slot;
+            // Free once its submission is complete by fence, not by the event read (see the header).
+            if (!slot.InFlight && slot.SubmitIndex <= completedSubmitIndex && free == nullptr) free = &slot;
        }
        if (free == nullptr) {
            if (!AddSlot()) return bracket;
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        return bracket;
    }

-    void GpuProgressMarkers::Submitted(const Bracket& bracket) {
+    void GpuProgressMarkers::Submitted(const Bracket& bracket, Uint64 submitIndex) {
        if (!bracket.Valid()) return;
        const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
        if (bracket.Slot >= m_slots.size()) return;
@@ -133,6 +134,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        slot.Claimed = false;
        slot.InFlight = true;
        slot.Dirty = true;
+        slot.SubmitIndex = submitIndex;
        slot.Id = m_nextId++;
    }

@@ -187,7 +189,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        VkCommandBuffer buffers[kMaxOwn + 2];
        Uint32 count = 0;
        buffers[count++] = bracket.Begin;
-        for (Uint32 i = 0; i < info.commandBufferCount; ++i) buffers[count++] = info.pCommandBuffers[i];
+        for (Uint32 i = 0; i < info.commandBufferCount; ++i)
+            buffers[count++] = info.pCommandBuffers[i];
        buffers[count++] = bracket.End;
        const VkCommandBuffer* own = info.pCommandBuffers;
        const Uint32 ownCount = info.commandBufferCount;
@@ -50,9 +50,18 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {

        // The two buffers to put first and last in one submission (an invalid bracket when off or
        // when every slot is in flight: the submission then goes unwatched).
-        Bracket Acquire();
-        // The submission carrying `bracket` was accepted by vkQueueSubmit / was not submitted.
-        void Submitted(const Bracket& bracket);
+        //
+        // A slot is reused only once the submission it last bracketed is COMPLETE by its fence
+        // (`completedSubmitIndex`, the renderer's contiguous completed-submit floor), not merely once
+        // the host has read its `finished` event as set. A host read of an event gives no device-side
+        // ordering: nothing orders the bracket's `started` set (TOP_OF_PIPE, first buffer) against
+        // its `finished` set, so a host vkResetEvent plus a re-set in a later submission could
+        // overlap a set the earlier submission has not executed yet. The synchronization validator
+        // reports that as SYNC-vkCmdSetEvent-missingbarrier-set. Event reads still drive the watch.
+        Bracket Acquire(Uint64 completedSubmitIndex);
+        // The submission carrying `bracket` (renderer submit index `submitIndex`) was accepted by
+        // vkQueueSubmit / was not submitted.
+        void Submitted(const Bracket& bracket, Uint64 submitIndex);
        void Abandon(const Bracket& bracket);

        // The watch named one of this device's submissions as hanging the GPU.
@@ -71,9 +80,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            VkCommandBuffer Begin = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
            VkCommandBuffer End = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
            Uint64 Id = 0;
-            Bool InFlight = false; // submitted and not yet seen finished
-            Bool Claimed = false;  // handed out by Acquire, not yet submitted or abandoned
-            Bool Dirty = false;    // its events were set by a past submission: reset before reuse
+            Bool InFlight = false;  // submitted and not yet seen finished
+            Bool Claimed = false;   // handed out by Acquire, not yet submitted or abandoned
+            Bool Dirty = false;     // its events were set by a past submission: reset before reuse
+            Uint64 SubmitIndex = 0; // the renderer submit index of the submission it last bracketed
        };
        static constexpr Uint32 kMaxSlots = 16;

@@ -10,18 +10,17 @@
 #include <Includes.h>

 #include <Config.h>
-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH
 // kMGPipeSubsystem* - the runtime bitmask's named bits - and MGPipeHandle itself. Both are
 // header-only constant/POD declarations, and both are push-only, so the pull build's include
 // graph is unchanged (G1).
 #include <MG_Pipe/MGPipe.h>
 #include <MG_Pipe/MGPipeHandles.h>
-#endif

 #include <cstdlib>

-// Magma's arm selector for the P2 Track H / render-state re-keys (P2 brief D14), and the
-// {slot, gen} mint the re-keyed sites are written against.
+// Magma's arm selector for the P2 Track H / render-state re-keys (P2 brief D14). (The {slot, gen}
+// mint that used to live here keyed the frontend arm's VAO memos and went with that arm in P13
+// W6; the record arm keys every object on the applier's own handles.)
 //
 // Two switches decide which arm a re-keyed site runs, and they are NOT the same switch:
 //
@@ -44,7 +43,6 @@
 // below is behind it, and the pull build's translation units are byte-identical (G1).
 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {

-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH
    // Is `subsystemBit` (MG_Pipe/MGPipe.h's kMGPipeSubsystem*) migrated in this run?
    inline Bool MagmaPipeSubsystemOn(Uint64 subsystemBit) {
        return (MG_Config::Features.PipePush & subsystemBit) != 0;
@@ -82,530 +80,26 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    // there is a correct answer (the state hash) where for bits 5/6 there is none - but it no
    // longer does it SILENTLY: the combination is named once, at startup, right here.
    inline void MagmaPipeValidateSubsystemConfiguration() {
-        if (!MG_Config::Features.PipeLegacyMemos &&
-            !MagmaPipeSubsystemOn(MG_Pipe::kMGPipeSubsystemRenderState)) {
-            MGLOG_W("MGPipe: MOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS=0 with kMGPipeSubsystemRenderState (bit 0 "
-                    "of MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH) clear - Magma's pipeline memo has no CSO handle to key "
-                    "on, so every draw whose pipeline-state version moved runs the pre-handle STATE "
-                    "HASH instead. That is not a Track-H subsystem and not fatal, but it is not the "
-                    "handle arm either: set bit 0 (MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH=0x%llx) if this run was meant "
-                    "to measure it.",
-                    static_cast<unsigned long long>(MG_Config::Features.PipePush |
-                                                    MG_Pipe::kMGPipeSubsystemRenderState));
+        if (!MagmaPipeSubsystemOn(MG_Pipe::kMGPipeSubsystemRenderState)) {
+            MGLOG_W(
+                "MGPipe: MOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS=0 with kMGPipeSubsystemRenderState (bit 0 "
+                "of MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH) clear - Magma's pipeline memo has no CSO handle to key "
+                "on, so every draw whose pipeline-state version moved runs the pre-handle STATE "
+                "HASH instead. That is not a Track-H subsystem and not fatal, but it is not the "
+                "handle arm either: set bit 0 (MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH=0x%llx) if this run was meant "
+                "to measure it.",
+                static_cast<unsigned long long>(MG_Config::Features.PipePush | MG_Pipe::kMGPipeSubsystemRenderState));
        }
-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS
-        // The pre-handle arm is compiled AND the operator has not forbidden entering it, so a
-        // clear bit is an ordinary, valid A/B: the site takes the legacy arm.
-        if (MG_Config::Features.PipeLegacyMemos) return;
-#endif
        if (MagmaPipeSubsystemOn(MG_Pipe::kMGPipeSubsystemMagmaVertexInput)) return;
-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS
-        const char* const why = "this run has MOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS=0";
-#else
-        const char* const why =
-            "this build has cmake -DMOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS=OFF, which compiles no such arm";
-#endif
-        MGLOG_F("MGPipe: Fatal{PipeLegacyMemosDisabled} Magma's Track-H subsystem "
-                "(kMGPipeSubsystemMagmaVertexInput, bit 6 of MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH) is clear, so the "
-                "vertex-input cache and the VAO draw memo want the pre-handle arm - but %s. Set "
-                "bit 6 (MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH=0x%llx, or the default 0x%llx), or allow the legacy arm.",
-                why,
-                static_cast<unsigned long long>(MG_Config::Features.PipePush |
-                                                MG_Pipe::kMGPipeSubsystemMagmaVertexInput),
-                static_cast<unsigned long long>(MG_Pipe::kMGPipeSubsystemsMigratedAtP2));
+        const char* const why = "this build has cmake -DMOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS=OFF, which compiles no such arm";
+        MGLOG_F(
+            "MGPipe: Fatal{PipeLegacyMemosDisabled} Magma's Track-H subsystem "
+            "(kMGPipeSubsystemMagmaVertexInput, bit 6 of MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH) is clear, so the "
+            "vertex-input cache and the VAO draw memo want the pre-handle arm - but %s. Set "
+            "bit 6 (MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH=0x%llx, or the default 0x%llx), or allow the legacy arm.",
+            why,
+            static_cast<unsigned long long>(MG_Config::Features.PipePush | MG_Pipe::kMGPipeSubsystemMagmaVertexInput),
+            static_cast<unsigned long long>(MG_Pipe::kMGPipeSubsystemsMigratedAtP2));
        std::abort();
    }
-
-    // "Does this Track-H site run the handle arm?" - the ONE question every re-keyed Track-H
-    // site asks, so that they cannot disagree with each other or with the startup gate.
-    inline Bool MagmaPipeTrackHArmIsHandles(Uint64 trackHBit) {
-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS
-        return MagmaPipeSubsystemOn(trackHBit);
-#else
-        // No pre-handle arm exists in this build, and MagmaPipeValidateSubsystemConfiguration
-        // has already made a clear bit a startup Fatal, so the handle arm is the only arm a
-        // running process can be on.
-        (void)trackHBit;
-        return true;
-#endif
-    }
-
-    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Negative control C (P2 brief D18): MOBILEGL_PIPE_HANDLE_ABA_CONTROL
-    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    //
-    // "Is the object-identity half of every vertex-input memo key deliberately defeated in
-    // this run?" - the ONE question the control's sites ask, for the same reason
-    // MagmaPipeTrackHArmIsHandles exists: three sites deciding separately could disagree,
-    // and a control that defeats two of three guards proves nothing.
-    //
-    // WHAT IT DEFEATS, AND WHY IT IS SPELLED AS "REPLACE THE IDENTITY WITH A CONSTANT"
-    // RATHER THAN "USE THE HEAP ADDRESS".
-    //
-    // D18 wrote the control as "hash attr.Buffer.get() instead of GetLifetimeId(), and skip
-    // the vaoLifetimeId compare", on the theory that a deleted object's replacement lands at
-    // the freed heap block and so reproduces the key. Measured, it does not: in
-    // HandleRecycleScenario the GL NAMES come back (glGen* hands the deleted name straight
-    // out) but the C++ heap blocks do not - a VertexArrayObject is 3920 bytes, too large for
-    // glibc's tcache, so its chunk goes to the unsorted bin and is split by the very next
-    // allocation the replacement path makes. Four create/delete cycles in one run produced
-    // four distinct addresses, ~1 MiB apart. With no address reuse there is nothing for
-    // "hash the address" to collide with: the replacement hashes differently, indexes a
-    // different memo slot, and inherits nothing - so the arm asserted stale pixels and saw
-    // fresh ones, which is a FAILING negative control that had stopped controlling anything.
-    //
-    // So the control no longer asks the allocator for the collision; it manufactures it. On
-    // both arms the object identity is replaced by a constant, which is the strongest form of
-    // "the allocator handed the block back" and is deterministic. That covers strictly more
-    // than D18's spelling, and in particular it reaches the arm P2 SHIPS: on the handle arm
-    // the constant defeats the OBJECT IDENTITY THAT SELECTS THE SLOT - the key the handle arm
-    // ships - so the replacement VAO is handed the dead one's memo entry and its content hash.
-    // Defeating only the retired lifetime-id/address guards would leave that key untested,
-    // which is exactly the vacuity this control exists to catch.
-    //
-    // WHAT IT DOES NOT COVER, AND WHY NO REPRODUCER OF THIS SHAPE CAN [fix-aba review v1,
-    // MAJOR 1]. It does NOT exercise the GENERATION half of {slot, gen}:
-    //
-    //   * THIS MINT still has no death notification, and that is now a narrower statement than
-    //     it was. P7 wave 2 package C gives DirectVulkan a StateObjectDeathOps table
-    //     (DirectVulkan.cpp's g_magmaStateObjectDeathOps, CONTRACT-P7 §5.5), so
-    //     NotifyStateObjectDestroyed DOES have a consumer on this backend - but that consumer's
-    //     one job is to emit the `object_death` RECORD so the server drops its twin, and it
-    //     never touches these per-renderer identity tables: they are the SERVER-side renderer's
-    //     own, the notice is raised on the CLIENT thread, and an Acquire/retire from the wrong
-    //     side is precisely the cross-role read CONTRACT-P5C §3.1 forbids. So a slot here still
-    //     returns to the free list only through OnFrameBoundary's age sweep (kSweepInterval
-    //     256, kRetireAgeBoundaries 1024, below), and everything the two bullets below derive
-    //     from that is unchanged;
-    //   * HandleRecycleScenario issues five frame boundaries, so the free list is empty when
-    //     the replacement VAO acquires and it gets a BRAND-NEW slot at Gen 1 (measured:
-    //     redVao slot=2 gen=1, greenVao slot=3 gen=1). The knob-off FRESH verdict there is
-    //     decided by the SLOT alone, and deleting the ++Gen below leaves all four arms green;
-    //   * a genuine slot REUSE needs >= 1024 idle boundaries after the dead object's last
-    //     draw, which necessarily puts the two draws in different frames - and the only memo
-    //     that carries a GPU slice rather than a layout, ResolvedVertexBindings, declines
-    //     across frames by design. The two requirements are mutually exclusive, so the
-    //     generation is out of reach of any same-frame pixel reproducer for this memo.
-    //
-    // The generation is covered where it IS expressible, over this mint and the claim rule
-    // MagmaPipeClaimSlotMemos below: MG_Test/Pipe/MagmaPipeIdentityTest.cpp drives a real
-    // retire -> reuse and asserts that a memo stamped at {slot, gen=N} is not served at
-    // {slot, gen=N+1} with the knob off and IS served with it on. Deleting the ++Gen reds that
-    // suite; it is the only place in the tree where that deletion is caught.
-    //
-    // Everything the control does NOT defeat is as load-bearing as what it does. It never
-    // touches a guard that is not an IDENTITY guard: the resolved-bindings memo's frame
-    // serial, its slice-epoch compares and its host-map check all stay in force, so a green
-    // AbaControl arm still means "a replacement object was handed its dead predecessor's
-    // resolved vertex bindings because the identity halves of the keys were defeated", not
-    // "every safety net was switched off until something broke".
-    //
-    // Off by default (Config.h), set only by the HandleRecycle AbaControl ctest lanes, and
-    // #if MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH throughout, so no shipping pull build can even parse it.
-    // P4a (BRIEF-P4A.md D-I2, G8): WHICH KINDS THIS ANSWER COVERS, and it is not "all of them".
-    //
-    // P4a mints six more client-side kinds - Texture, Renderbuffer, Framebuffer, SamplerCso,
-    // SamplerViewCso and ShaderCso - and requires the ABA control to defeat "the identity half
-    // of P4a's memo keys as well", because a control that only defeats the guards a phase
-    // RETIRED says nothing about the key that phase SHIPS.
-    //
-    // On Magma there is no such key to defeat, and that is a fact about the roadmap rather than
-    // an omission here. MagmaPipeIdentityTables below mints exactly TWO kinds,
-    // VertexElementsCso and Buffer; a texture, a framebuffer, a sampler, a view and a program
-    // are all still reached from their frontend objects on this backend, and moving them onto
-    // handles is P7's work (ROADMAP.md:24 - "Magma anything"; P4a leaves MG_Backend/DirectVulkan
-    // untouched apart from this file). So the honest statement is per KIND, and it is spelled as
-    // code rather than as a comment so that a caller cannot read the blanket answer above and
-    // conclude the knob covers its kind:
-    //
-    //   * for the two kinds this backend really keys on {slot, gen}, the knob defeats the
-    //     identity exactly as it always has (MagmaPipeClaimSlotMemos);
-    //   * for P4a's six there is nothing here to defeat, so the answer is FALSE - and
-    //     MG_IntegrationTest's HandleRecycleScenario reads that through its own build probe and
-    //     makes those cases' AbaControl arm assert the CORRECT pixels while SAYING that it is
-    //     not controlling anything for that kind. It does not assert a corruption that no code
-    //     on this tree can produce, which would be a permanently red always-on lane.
-    //
-    // WHAT MAKES IT TRUE LATER, in one sentence, so the next reader does not have to derive it:
-    // when a backend grows a Features.PipeHandleAbaControl consumer over its P4a object slot
-    // tables - one `if` in GetOrCreate / FindByHandle, the shape MagmaPipeClaimSlotMemos already
-    // has for vertex input - this function's per-kind answer becomes that consumer's, the
-    // integration probe finds the consumer, and the six cases flip to expecting the corruption.
-    inline Bool MagmaPipeAbaControlDefeatsIdentity() {
-        return MG_Config::Features.PipeHandleAbaControl;
-    }
-
-    // WHICH KINDS THIS BACKEND ACTUALLY KEYS ON {slot, gen}, and therefore which kinds the knob
-    // above has an identity to defeat at all. `kind` is MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind.
-    //
-    // EXHAUSTIVE, WITH NO `default:`, for MG_IntegrationTest/Harness/PipeSlotPeek.cpp's reason:
-    // a kind added to MGPipeKind without a decision here must be a -Wswitch warning in this
-    // file rather than a row that silently inherits somebody else's answer. Being wrong in the
-    // "covered" direction is the expensive one - a control asserting a corruption nobody can
-    // produce is a permanently red always-on lane - so an undecided kind must never read true,
-    // and with no `default:` there is no arm for it to read true from.
-    //
-    // constexpr AND PINNED BY static_assert BELOW, which is what stops it rotting the way a
-    // predicate with no caller does: MagmaPipeIdentityTables mints exactly two kinds, the
-    // asserts say so in both directions, and the file no longer compiles if the tables and this
-    // statement of them ever part company. (Review F-m5: the earlier form had no caller at all
-    // and could not make anything red or green.)
-    inline constexpr Bool MagmaPipeAbaControlKindIsRekeyedHere(MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind kind) {
-        switch (kind) {
-            // The two MagmaPipeIdentityTables really mints.
-            case MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::VertexElementsCso:
-            case MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::Buffer:
-                return true;
-            // P4a's six object classes: still reached from their frontend objects on this
-            // backend (Magma's object paths are P7, ROADMAP.md:24), so there is no key here for
-            // the knob to defeat.
-            case MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::Texture:
-            case MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::Renderbuffer:
-            case MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::Framebuffer:
-            case MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::SamplerCso:
-            case MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::SamplerViewCso:
-            case MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::ShaderCso:
-            // ...and everything else this backend does not mint a handle for.
-            case MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::None:
-            case MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::Xfb:
-            case MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::RenderStateCso:
-            case MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::Fence:
-            case MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::Query:
-            case MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::Context:
-            case MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::KindCount:
-                return false;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    static_assert(MagmaPipeAbaControlKindIsRekeyedHere(MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::VertexElementsCso),
-                  "MagmaPipeIdentityTables mints VertexElementsCso: the knob has an identity to "
-                  "defeat for it");
-    static_assert(MagmaPipeAbaControlKindIsRekeyedHere(MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::Buffer),
-                  "MagmaPipeIdentityTables mints Buffer: the knob has an identity to defeat for it");
-    static_assert(!MagmaPipeAbaControlKindIsRekeyedHere(MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::Texture) &&
-                      !MagmaPipeAbaControlKindIsRekeyedHere(MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::Renderbuffer) &&
-                      !MagmaPipeAbaControlKindIsRekeyedHere(MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::Framebuffer) &&
-                      !MagmaPipeAbaControlKindIsRekeyedHere(MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::SamplerCso) &&
-                      !MagmaPipeAbaControlKindIsRekeyedHere(MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::SamplerViewCso) &&
-                      !MagmaPipeAbaControlKindIsRekeyedHere(MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::ShaderCso),
-                  "P4a's six object classes are not keyed on {slot, gen} on this backend, so "
-                  "HandleRecycleScenario's six AbaControl arms must NOT expect a corruption here. "
-                  "Wiring one of them is what flips this assert, this predicate and that arm - and "
-                  "MG_IntegrationTest's two-symbol probe over MG_Backend/DirectVulkan is what "
-                  "carries the answer into the lane");
-
-    // THERE IS DELIBERATELY NO PER-KIND WRAPPER HERE, and review F-v2-m3 is why. An earlier
-    // round carried `MagmaPipeAbaControlCoversKind(kind)` - the conjunction of the two
-    // statements above - and it had no caller anywhere in the tree: the knob's only two
-    // consumers (VulkanRenderer.cpp's VAO draw memo and VertexInputStateFactory.cpp's pipeline
-    // key) each hold ONE kind, VertexElementsCso, by construction, so the kind is not a
-    // variable at either site. A conjunction no build ever evaluates cannot be pinned the way
-    // the predicate above is pinned - it is not constexpr, because it reads MG_Config::Features,
-    // so no static_assert can reach it - which makes it exactly the rot F-m5 was raised about,
-    // one level up: an `&&` whose operands could be inverted or dropped with nothing to say so.
-    //
-    // The two pieces stand alone instead, and each is pinned by something that runs:
-    // MagmaPipeAbaControlKindIsRekeyedHere is constexpr and asserted in BOTH directions by the
-    // three static_asserts above, which compile in every Magma build; MagmaPipeAbaControlDefeats
-    // Identity is the knob, and its two consumers are what make it true or false. A call site
-    // that ever does hold a variable kind writes the `&&` there, where a build will run it.
-
-    // The single consumer-table entry every VAO collapses onto while the control is on. Slot
-    // 0 is a real, ordinary entry of both tables (MagmaPipeSlotIndex maps the first allocatable
-    // handle onto it), so nothing about the tables changes shape for the control's sake.
-    inline constexpr Uint32 kMagmaPipeAbaControlSlotIndex = 0;
-
-    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // The {slot, gen} mint
-    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    //
-    // Maps a frontend object's never-reused lifetime id to a dense {slot, gen}. Three
-    // properties, and the third is the one review v2 got wrong:
-    //
-    //   1. exact identity - Gen moves whenever a slot changes owner, so a stale handle can
-    //      never match a live object even if the allocator hands back the same heap address
-    //      (the ABA HandleRecycleScenario reproduces);
-    //   2. dense slots - the slot IS an index, so a consumer's per-slot table needs no hash,
-    //      no probe and no mix;
-    //   3. NO CAPACITY CLIFF. A live object's handle never changes while the object is being
-    //      drawn, whatever the working set size.
-    //
-    // Property 3 is why this is not the fixed 2-way set-associative LRU the previous round
-    // shipped. That structure evicted a LIVE object once the working set passed its capacity,
-    // and every consumer memo keyed on the handle died with it: measured on a verbatim
-    // transcription, 54% of uses lost their handle at 2500 live VAOs against 2048 entries, and
-    // 20% at 1024 live VAOs once the lifetime ids are sparse (an app that creates and destroys
-    // VAOs, which is the Minecraft chunk shape this exists for). Two of the three memos it
-    // fed - the content-hash memo and the resolved-state memo - had NO capacity before this
-    // package: they were unbounded mutable fields on VertexArrayObject. Introducing eviction
-    // there turns one ComputeHash per VAO reconfiguration into one per DRAW, and, once the
-    // buffer table thrashes too, makes the vertex-input content hash a per-draw value that
-    // inserts a fresh heap-allocated BackendVertexInputState into an unbounded map on every
-    // draw. That is a worse leak than the one it was introduced to avoid.
-    //
-    // So: grow on demand, and reclaim by AGE instead of by capacity.
-    //
-    //   * Acquire hits an UnorderedMap<lifetimeId, slotIndex>, in front of which sits a
-    //     one-entry memo. Every re-keyed site in a draw asks about the SAME VAO, so the memo
-    //     turns the five-or-six acquisitions a draw makes into one map probe plus five Uint64
-    //     compares - less than the address multiply plus two-way probe the pre-handle arm ran.
-    //   * OnFrameBoundary retires slots whose object has not been drawn for
-    //     kRetireAgeBoundaries boundaries and returns them to a free list, so the table's
-    //     footprint tracks the LIVE DRAWN working set, not objects ever created. That is the
-    //     property MG_Impl/Pipe/SlotAllocator cannot have here: nothing in P2 can call its
-    //     Free (the tracker emits no object-class state, BufferBackendOps::OnDestroy is handed
-    //     a BackendBufferResource rather than the BufferObject, and VertexArrayObject has no
-    //     death hook at all - adding one is D13's explicit-destroy work, which covers Espryt's
-    //     six kinds, not VertexElementsCso), so an allocator here would grow by one SlotState
-    //     plus one map node per object EVER created, for the life of the process, on a
-    //     platform with an LMK. Age-based reclamation is the stand-in for the death
-    //     notification, and it is exactly as ABA-proof, because reuse bumps Gen.
-    //   * A retire costs at most one memo recompute if the object is drawn again - the same
-    //     price a cache miss costs - and it is charged only to objects that went idle for
-    //     ~1024 frames, never to a hot one.
-    //
-    // Memory: one map node plus one 24-byte Entry per live object, i.e. tens of bytes against
-    // the kilobyte a VertexArrayObject or a BufferObject already costs the frontend. There is
-    // no capacity to size off a device measurement because there is no capacity; what the
-    // device run in D.4.2 can still want is the number itself, so the high-water mark is
-    // logged at MGLOG_D on the allocate-a-new-slot branch (once per new object, never on a
-    // draw - ROADMAP.md:7).
-    //
-    // Single-threaded, like the rest of the renderer. Owned per VulkanRenderer (see
-    // MagmaPipeIdentityTables): a process-global would share one table, and one reclamation
-    // clock, across two live contexts.
-    class MagmaPipeIdentityTable {
-    public:
-        explicit MagmaPipeIdentityTable(const char* kindName) : m_kindName(kindName) {}
-
-        // Slots ever minted. A consumer table indexed by MagmaPipeSlotIndex() needs this many
-        // entries; MagmaPipeSlotTable below grows itself, so nobody has to ask.
-        Uint32 Count() const { return static_cast<Uint32>(m_entries.size()); }
-        // Objects currently holding a slot - the live working set this table tracks.
-        Uint32 LiveCount() const { return static_cast<Uint32>(m_index.size()); }
-
-        MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle Acquire(Uint64 lifetimeId) {
-            // Unreachable: MG_State hands out lifetime ids from 1 precisely so that a
-            // zero-initialised memo slot cannot carry a live object's id. Guarded anyway so
-            // that a zero can never be minted into a slot and then indexed with.
-            if (lifetimeId == 0) return MG_Pipe::kMGPipeNullHandle;
-            // The one-entry front memo. Cleared by any retire, so it can never serve a slot
-            // that has been handed back to the free list.
-            if (lifetimeId == m_lastLifetimeId) {
-                m_entries[m_lastIndex].LastUse = m_boundary;
-                return m_lastHandle;
-            }
-            Uint32 index = 0;
-            const auto it = m_index.find(lifetimeId);
-            if (it != m_index.end()) {
-                index = it->second;
-            } else {
-                index = ClaimSlot();
-                m_entries[index].LifetimeId = lifetimeId;
-                m_index.emplace(lifetimeId, index);
-            }
-            Entry& entry = m_entries[index];
-            entry.LastUse = m_boundary;
-            m_lastLifetimeId = lifetimeId;
-            m_lastIndex = index;
-            m_lastHandle = MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle{index + MG_Pipe::kMGPipeFirstAllocatableSlot,
-                                                 entry.Gen};
-            return m_lastHandle;
-        }
-
-        // Ages the table and returns idle slots to the free list. Same shape and the same
-        // self-gating as VertexInputStateFactory::OnFrameBoundary, which is what the reclaimed
-        // slots' consumers use.
-        void OnFrameBoundary() {
-            ++m_boundary;
-            if ((m_boundary % kSweepInterval) != 0) return;
-            SizeT retired = 0;
-            for (auto it = m_index.begin(); it != m_index.end();) {
-                Entry& entry = m_entries[it->second];
-                if ((m_boundary - entry.LastUse) > kRetireAgeBoundaries) {
-                    entry.LifetimeId = 0;
-                    m_freeSlots.push_back(it->second);
-                    it = m_index.erase(it);
-                    ++retired;
-                } else {
-                    ++it;
-                }
-            }
-            if (retired != 0) {
-                // A retired slot's Gen has not moved yet - it moves when the slot is reused -
-                // so a front memo pointing at one would still hand out a handle the consumer
-                // tables would accept. Drop it.
-                m_lastLifetimeId = 0;
-                m_lastHandle = MG_Pipe::kMGPipeNullHandle;
-                MGLOG_D("MagmaPipeIdentityTable(%s): retired %zu idle slots, %u live of %u minted",
-                        m_kindName, retired, LiveCount(), Count());
-            }
-        }
-
-    private:
-        // Sweep cadence and retirement age, deliberately the same numbers
-        // VertexInputStateFactory::OnFrameBoundary uses for the entries these slots key: a slot
-        // retired earlier than its cache entry would mint a new handle for an object whose
-        // entry is still live and still correct, which is a pure waste.
-        static constexpr Uint64 kSweepInterval = 256;
-        static constexpr Uint64 kRetireAgeBoundaries = 1024;
-
-        struct Entry {
-            Uint64 LifetimeId = 0;
-            Uint64 LastUse = 0;
-            // Moves ONLY on slot reuse, never on respecify: an object that keeps its slot keeps
-            // its generation, which is what makes a memo survive a reconfiguration.
-            Uint32 Gen = 0;
-        };
-
-        Uint32 ClaimSlot() {
-            while (!m_freeSlots.empty()) {
-                const Uint32 index = m_freeSlots.back();
-                m_freeSlots.pop_back();
-                // MGPipeHandles.h:52-58 defends the Gen wrap only in a debug allocator, and
-                // MOBILEGL_ASSERT is compiled out of every build P2 runs (Defines.h: asserts are
-                // live only at MOBILEGL_LOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL == DEBUG). So the wrap is handled on the
-                // RELEASE path instead of asserted: a slot that has been reused 2^32 times is
-                // permanently retired rather than wrapped, because a wrapped Gen would let a
-                // stale handle match a live object. It costs one slot.
-                if (m_entries[index].Gen == ~Uint32{0}) {
-                    MGLOG_W("MagmaPipeIdentityTable(%s): slot %u reached generation 2^32-1 and is "
-                            "retired for good; {slot, gen} stays unique",
-                            m_kindName, index + MG_Pipe::kMGPipeFirstAllocatableSlot);
-                    continue;
-                }
-                ++m_entries[index].Gen;
-                return index;
-            }
-            const Uint32 index = static_cast<Uint32>(m_entries.size());
-            m_entries.push_back(Entry{});
-            m_entries[index].Gen = 1;
-            // The high-water mark, at powers of two from 1024 up: at most a handful of lines
-            // for a whole session, emitted from the allocate-a-NEW-slot branch, i.e. once per
-            // object this backend has ever seen and never on a draw (ROADMAP.md:7).
-            //
-            // [narrow, declared deviation from D20's "MGLOG_D for anything non-critical"] This
-            // one is I, not D, because D is compiled out of every build that ships and of every
-            // build P2 measures, and this line IS the measurement review v2's MAJOR 1 asks for:
-            // the live-object high-water mark of minecraft-1.21.4-in-world and
-            // ...-sodium-in-world, which nothing on desktop reaches and no gate here can see.
-            // The structure no longer has a capacity to size off it, so the number is evidence
-            // rather than a tuning input - but D.4.2 should still read it out of the device log,
-            // and it cannot read a line that was compiled away.
-            const SizeT minted = m_entries.size();
-            if (minted >= 1024 && (minted & (minted - 1)) == 0) {
-                MGLOG_I("MagmaPipeIdentityTable(%s): high-water %zu slots minted, %u live",
-                        m_kindName, minted, LiveCount());
-            }
-            return index;
-        }
-
-        const char* m_kindName = "";
-        Uint64 m_boundary = 0;
-        Vector<Entry> m_entries;
-        Vector<Uint32> m_freeSlots;
-        UnorderedMap<Uint64, Uint32> m_index;
-        // One-entry front memo (see Acquire). m_lastLifetimeId == 0 means "empty": a live
-        // object's lifetime id is never 0.
-        Uint64 m_lastLifetimeId = 0;
-        Uint32 m_lastIndex = 0;
-        MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle m_lastHandle = MG_Pipe::kMGPipeNullHandle;
-    };
-
-    // The two mints one renderer owns. Per renderer, NOT process-global: two live contexts (or
-    // a context recreation, which destroys and rebuilds the renderer) would otherwise share one
-    // table and one reclamation clock, and both consumer tables are per-instance already.
-    class MagmaPipeIdentityTables {
-    public:
-        // A VAO is kind VertexElementsCso: that is the gallium-shaped CSO a vertex array
-        // resolves to, and the only kind in MGPipeKind that names vertex-input state.
-        MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle HandleOf(MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind kind, Uint64 lifetimeId) {
-            return kind == MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::Buffer ? m_buffers.Acquire(lifetimeId)
-                                                       : m_vaos.Acquire(lifetimeId);
-        }
-        void OnFrameBoundary() {
-            m_vaos.OnFrameBoundary();
-            m_buffers.OnFrameBoundary();
-        }
-        const MagmaPipeIdentityTable& Vaos() const { return m_vaos; }
-        const MagmaPipeIdentityTable& Buffers() const { return m_buffers; }
-
-    private:
-        MagmaPipeIdentityTable m_vaos{"VertexElementsCso"};
-        MagmaPipeIdentityTable m_buffers{"Buffer"};
-    };
-
-    // The table entry a handle names. Every per-slot table Magma keeps is indexed by this.
-    //
-    // A null handle has no slot, and it is unreachable here: both lifetime-id sources start at
-    // 1 (VertexArrayObject.cpp, BufferObject.cpp), so Acquire's zero guard never fires. The
-    // ternary, not the assertion, is what has effect in a shipped build (Defines.h compiles
-    // MOBILEGL_ASSERT out at INFO), and slot 0 of a consumer table is a real entry that a null
-    // handle can never match, because MGPipeHandleIsNull is also what the consumers compare.
-    inline Uint32 MagmaPipeSlotIndex(const MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle& handle) {
-        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(!MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(handle),
-                        "a null MGPipeHandle has no slot to index a per-slot table with");
-        return MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandleIsNull(handle)
-                   ? 0u
-                   : handle.Slot - MG_Pipe::kMGPipeFirstAllocatableSlot;
-    }
-
-    // A grow-on-demand per-slot table whose ENTRY ADDRESSES NEVER MOVE.
-    //
-    // D12.4 asks for a grow-on-demand Vector, and with an unbounded mint that is what a
-    // consumer needs - but a Vector that grows relocates its elements, and the draw path holds
-    // references into these entries across nested calls. Chunks of kChunkEntries are appended
-    // instead: the Vector of owning pointers reallocates, the chunks never do, so an entry
-    // reference is valid for the life of the table. That is the same guarantee the fixed table
-    // it replaces gave, without the fixed capacity.
-    template <typename T, Uint32 kChunkEntries = 256>
-    class MagmaPipeSlotTable {
-    public:
-        T& operator[](Uint32 index) {
-            const Uint32 chunk = index / kChunkEntries;
-            while (m_chunks.size() <= chunk) {
-                m_chunks.push_back(MakeUnique<Chunk>());
-            }
-            return m_chunks[chunk]->Entries[index % kChunkEntries];
-        }
-        SizeT Capacity() const { return m_chunks.size() * kChunkEntries; }
-
-    private:
-        struct Chunk {
-            T Entries[kChunkEntries] = {};
-        };
-        Vector<UniquePtr<Chunk>> m_chunks;
-    };
-
-    // The claim rule every per-slot memo table uses, in one place so that the rule and the
-    // negative control that defeats it cannot drift apart between consumers - and so that the
-    // unit suite which drives a REAL slot reuse (MG_Test/Pipe/MagmaPipeIdentityTest.cpp) tests
-    // this code rather than a copy of it.
-    //
-    // The SLOT picks the entry; the WHOLE handle - Gen included - decides whether the entry is
-    // this object's. A slot the mint recycled for a different object comes back with a moved
-    // Gen, so the compare fails and the entry is cleared rather than inherited. That is the
-    // half HandleRecycleScenario cannot reach (see MagmaPipeAbaControlDefeatsIdentity).
-    //
-    // With negative control C on, every object collapses onto one entry and the entry is handed
-    // back UNCLEARED and UNCLAIMED - at once "the replacement reproduced its predecessor's
-    // slot" and "the slot was reused and Gen did not move".
-    //
-    // `Memos` needs a MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle member named Owner and a default constructor that
-    // means "empty"; VertexInputStateFactory::VaoBackendMemos is the one production instance.
-    template <typename Memos, Uint32 kChunkEntries>
-    inline Memos& MagmaPipeClaimSlotMemos(MagmaPipeSlotTable<Memos, kChunkEntries>& table,
-                                          const MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle& handle) {
-        if (MagmaPipeAbaControlDefeatsIdentity()) {
-            return table[kMagmaPipeAbaControlSlotIndex];
-        }
-        Memos& memos = table[MagmaPipeSlotIndex(handle)];
-        if (!(memos.Owner == handle)) {
-            memos = Memos{};
-            memos.Owner = handle;
-        }
-        return memos;
-    }
-#endif // MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan
@@ -1,9 +1,16 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/MagmaProgramSource.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
 // MobileGL - server-owned program input for Magma (P5f fm).
 #pragma once

 #include <MG_State/GLState/ProgramState/ProgramObject.h>

-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
 #include <MG_Pipe/PipeApply.h>
 #include <MG_State/GLState/ProgramState/ProgramArtifactsCodec.h>
 #include "../DirectVulkanResourceState.h"
@@ -12,112 +19,104 @@
 // the archive (LinkArtifacts::storageBlocks), so the SPIR-V reflector is off the Magma wire
 // draw path entirely. A future edit that re-adds the include is re-adding a per-draw reflect,
 // because a MagmaProgramSource is constructed once per draw and can memoise nothing.
-#endif

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
    // A borrowed view, valid only while its frontend object or server record lives.
    // It never constructs a ProgramObject on the server. Post-link mutable values
    // come from the record tails, not from the archive's link-time defaults.
    class MagmaProgramSource {
    public:
        using Program = MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject;
-        MagmaProgramSource(const Program& program) : m_frontend(&program) {}
        MagmaProgramSource(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle, const MG_Pipe::MGPipeShaderCsoRecord& record)
            : m_handle(handle), m_record(&record) {
            MOBILEGL_ASSERT(record.Archive != nullptr, "Magma program record has no archive");
        }

-        Bool IsWire() const { return m_record != nullptr; }
        MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle Handle() const { return m_handle; }
-        const Program* Frontend() const { return m_frontend; }
-        Uint GetExternalIndex() const { return IsWire() ? m_handle.Slot : m_frontend->GetExternalIndex(); }
-        Uint64 GetLifetimeId() const {
-            return IsWire() ? (Uint64(m_handle.Gen) << 32) | m_handle.Slot : m_frontend->GetLifetimeId();
-        }
-        Bool GetLinkStatus() const { return IsWire() ? m_record->Desc.LinkStatus != 0 : m_frontend->GetLinkStatus(); }
-        Bool GetSpirvStatus() const { return IsWire() ? m_record->Desc.SpirvStatus != 0 : m_frontend->GetSpirvStatus(); }
-        Bool PointSizeDemoted() const { return IsWire() ? m_record->Desc.PointSizeDemoted != 0 : m_frontend->PointSizeDemoted(); }
-        Bool GetSpirvValidationEnabled() const {
-            return IsWire() ? m_record->Desc.EnableSpirvValidation != 0 : m_frontend->GetSpirvValidationEnabled();
-        }
-        const Vector<Vector<Uint>>& GetGeneratedSpirv() const {
-            return IsWire() ? m_record->Archive->Spirv.generatedSpirv : m_frontend->GetGeneratedSpirv();
-        }
+        Uint GetExternalIndex() const { return m_handle.Slot; }
+        Uint64 GetLifetimeId() const { return (Uint64(m_handle.Gen) << 32) | m_handle.Slot; }
+        Bool GetLinkStatus() const { return m_record->Desc.LinkStatus != 0; }
+        Bool GetSpirvStatus() const { return m_record->Desc.SpirvStatus != 0; }
+        Bool PointSizeDemoted() const { return m_record->Desc.PointSizeDemoted != 0; }
+        Bool GetSpirvValidationEnabled() const { return m_record->Desc.EnableSpirvValidation != 0; }
+        const Vector<Vector<Uint>>& GetGeneratedSpirv() const { return m_record->Archive->Spirv.generatedSpirv; }
        Vector<ShaderStage> GetLinkedShaderStages() const {
-            if (!IsWire()) return m_frontend->GetLinkedShaderStages();
            Vector<ShaderStage> result;
-            for (const auto stage : m_record->Archive->LinkedStages) result.push_back(static_cast<ShaderStage>(stage));
+            for (const auto stage : m_record->Archive->LinkedStages)
+                result.push_back(static_cast<ShaderStage>(stage));
            return result;
        }
        Bool HasLinkedShaderStage(ShaderStage stage) const {
-            if (!IsWire()) return m_frontend->HasLinkedShaderStage(stage);
            const auto& stages = m_record->Archive->LinkedStages;
            return std::find(stages.begin(), stages.end(), static_cast<Uint32>(stage)) != stages.end();
        }
+        // The view has no lifetime of its own, so the memo lives in the server record it views
+        // (MGPipeShaderCsoRecord::BackendHashMemo), never in the client's program object: an entry
+        // answers only while the record's Serial and BindingsSerial are the ones it was taken at.
        Bool GetBackendHashMemo(Uint flags, Uint64& hash) const {
-            // A view has no lifetime in which a memo can safely persist. The server
-            // factory's content cache still owns compiled programs; hash from current
-            // archive + binding tails rather than borrowing the client's mutable memo.
-            return !IsWire() && m_frontend->GetBackendHashMemo(flags, hash);
+            for (const auto& entry : m_record->BackendHashMemo) {
+                if (entry.Valid && entry.Key == flags && entry.Serial == m_record->Serial &&
+                    entry.BindingsSerial == m_record->BindingsSerial) {
+                    hash = entry.Hash;
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            return false;
        }
        void SetBackendHashMemo(Uint flags, Uint64 hash) const {
-            if (!IsWire()) m_frontend->SetBackendHashMemo(flags, hash);
+            auto& memo = m_record->BackendHashMemo;
+            auto& entry = memo[m_record->BackendHashMemoNext++ % memo.size()];
+            entry.Serial = m_record->Serial;
+            entry.BindingsSerial = m_record->BindingsSerial;
+            entry.Hash = hash;
+            entry.Key = flags;
+            entry.Valid = true;
        }
-        Uint64 GetBackendStateVersion() const { return IsWire() ? m_record->Serial : m_frontend->GetBackendStateVersion(); }
-        Uint64 GetBlockBindingVersion() const { return IsWire() ? m_record->BindingsSerial : m_frontend->GetBlockBindingVersion(); }
-        Uint64 GetImageUnitVersion() const { return IsWire() ? m_record->BindingsSerial : m_frontend->GetImageUnitVersion(); }
-        Uint64 GetLinkVersion() const { return IsWire() ? m_record->Serial : m_frontend->GetLinkVersion(); }
+        Uint64 GetBackendStateVersion() const { return m_record->Serial; }
+        Uint64 GetBlockBindingVersion() const { return m_record->BindingsSerial; }
+        Uint64 GetImageUnitVersion() const { return m_record->BindingsSerial; }
+        Uint64 GetLinkVersion() const { return m_record->Serial; }

-        const void* GetUBOData() const { return IsWire() ? m_record->GlobalConstants.data() : m_frontend->GetUBOData(); }
-        Uint GetUBOSize() const { return IsWire() ? static_cast<Uint>(m_record->GlobalConstants.size()) : m_frontend->GetUBOSize(); }
-        Uint32 GetUBOContentVersion() const { return IsWire() ? m_record->GlobalConstantsVersion : m_frontend->GetUBOContentVersion(); }
-        Int GetActiveUniformBlocksCount() const {
-            return IsWire() ? static_cast<Int>(Link().glBlockIndexToTProgram.size()) : m_frontend->GetActiveUniformBlocksCount();
-        }
+        const void* GetUBOData() const { return m_record->GlobalConstants.data(); }
+        Uint GetUBOSize() const { return static_cast<Uint>(m_record->GlobalConstants.size()); }
+        Uint32 GetUBOContentVersion() const { return m_record->GlobalConstantsVersion; }
+        Int GetActiveUniformBlocksCount() const { return static_cast<Int>(Link().glBlockIndexToTProgram.size()); }
        Uint GetUniformBlockIndex(const char* name) const {
-            if (!IsWire()) return m_frontend->GetUniformBlockIndex(name);
            auto found = Link().uniformBlockIndexByName.find(name);
-            if (found == Link().uniformBlockIndexByName.end()) found = Link().uniformBlockIndexByName.find(String(name) + "[0]");
+            if (found == Link().uniformBlockIndexByName.end())
+                found = Link().uniformBlockIndexByName.find(String(name) + "[0]");
            return found == Link().uniformBlockIndexByName.end() ? GL_INVALID_INDEX : found->second;
        }
        Uint GetUniformBlockBinding(Uint index) const {
-            if (!IsWire()) return m_frontend->GetUniformBlockBinding(index);
            return index < m_record->BlockBindings.size() ? static_cast<Uint>(m_record->BlockBindings[index]) : 0;
        }
        const String& GetUniformBlockName(Uint index) const {
-            if (!IsWire()) return m_frontend->GetUniformBlockName(index);
            const auto* block = Block(index);
            static const String empty;
            return block ? block->name : empty;
        }
        Uint GetUBOSizeAt(Uint index) const {
-            if (!IsWire()) return m_frontend->GetUBOSizeAt(index);
            const auto* block = Block(index);
            return block ? (static_cast<Uint>(block->size) + 15u) & ~15u : 0;
        }
-        Bool IsValidUniformLocation(Int location) const {
-            return IsWire() ? Program::IsValidUniformLocation(Link(), location) : m_frontend->IsValidUniformLocation(location);
-        }
+        Bool IsValidUniformLocation(Int location) const { return Program::IsValidUniformLocation(Link(), location); }
        Bool UniformLocationsAliasSameUniform(Int a, Int b) const {
-            if (!IsWire()) return m_frontend->UniformLocationsAliasSameUniform(a, b);
            return IsValidUniformLocation(a) && IsValidUniformLocation(b) &&
-                Link().uniformIndexInTProgram[a] == Link().uniformIndexInTProgram[b];
+                   Link().uniformIndexInTProgram[a] == Link().uniformIndexInTProgram[b];
        }
        GLenum GetUniformType(Uint location) const {
-            if (!IsWire()) return m_frontend->GetUniformType(location);
            return IsValidUniformLocation(static_cast<Int>(location))
-                ? Program::UniformAtIn(Link(), Link().uniformIndexInTProgram[location]).glDefineType : 0;
+                       ? Program::UniformAtIn(Link(), Link().uniformIndexInTProgram[location]).glDefineType
+                       : 0;
        }
        Int GetUniformSamplerOrImageUnitIndex(Uint location) const {
-            if (!IsWire()) return m_frontend->GetUniformSamplerOrImageUnitIndex(location);
            const auto& units = m_record->SamplerUnits;
-            const auto found = std::lower_bound(units.begin(), units.end(), location,
+            const auto found = std::lower_bound(
+                units.begin(), units.end(), location,
                [](const MG_Pipe::MGPProgramSamplerUnit& unit, Uint value) { return unit.Location < value; });
            return found != units.end() && found->Location == location ? found->Unit : -1;
        }
        Int GetUniformLocation(const String& name) const {
-            if (!IsWire()) return m_frontend->GetUniformLocation(name);
            const auto& locations = Link().uniformLocations;
            auto found = locations.find(name);
            if (found != locations.end()) return static_cast<Int>(found->second);
@@ -140,55 +139,47 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            if (!IsValidUniformLocation(base)) return -1;
            const Int tIndex = Link().uniformIndexInTProgram[base];
            if (!Program::UniformAtIn(Link(), tIndex).type.isArray ||
-                static_cast<GLint>(element) >= Program::GetUniformArraySizeByTIndex(Link(), tIndex)) return -1;
+                static_cast<GLint>(element) >= Program::GetUniformArraySizeByTIndex(Link(), tIndex))
+                return -1;
            const Int location = base + static_cast<Int>(element);
            return UniformLocationsAliasSameUniform(base, location) ? location : -1;
        }

-        SizeT GetTransformFeedbackVaryingCount() const { return IsWire() ? Link().xfbVaryings.size() : m_frontend->GetTransformFeedbackVaryingCount(); }
-        const Vector<MG_State::GLState::XfbVarying>& GetTransformFeedbackVaryings() const {
-            return IsWire() ? Link().xfbVaryings : m_frontend->GetTransformFeedbackVaryings();
-        }
-        SizeT GetTransformFeedbackBufferCount() const { return IsWire() ? Link().xfbStrides.size() : m_frontend->GetTransformFeedbackBufferCount(); }
+        SizeT GetTransformFeedbackVaryingCount() const { return Link().xfbVaryings.size(); }
+        const Vector<MG_State::GLState::XfbVarying>& GetTransformFeedbackVaryings() const { return Link().xfbVaryings; }
+        SizeT GetTransformFeedbackBufferCount() const { return Link().xfbStrides.size(); }
        Uint32 GetTransformFeedbackStride(Uint index) const {
-            if (!IsWire()) return m_frontend->GetTransformFeedbackStride(index);
            return index < Link().xfbStrides.size() ? Link().xfbStrides[index] : 0;
        }
-        GLenum GetTransformFeedbackBufferMode() const {
-            return IsWire() ? Link().xfbBufferMode : m_frontend->GetTransformFeedbackBufferMode();
-        }
+        GLenum GetTransformFeedbackBufferMode() const { return Link().xfbBufferMode; }
        // P7 wave 2 package C, OQ-8 (CONTRACT-P7 §5.3): READ OUT OF THE ARCHIVE.
        //
        // What stood here re-ran spvReflectCreateShaderModule over EVERY stage module of the
        // program, and it did so PER DRAW: a MagmaProgramSource is a borrowed view that
-        // WireDraw.inc's WireProgramSource constructs afresh for each wire draw, so the lazy
+        // WireDraw.cpp's WireProgramSource constructs afresh for each wire draw, so the lazy
        // `m_storageBlocksReady` latch could never outlive one. The list it rebuilt is a pure
        // function of the linked program, so it is now built once at link time and travels in
        // the archive (LinkArtifacts::storageBlocks), which takes the SPIR-V reflector off the
        // wire draw path entirely - this header no longer includes spirv_reflect.h at all.
        Uint GetShaderStorageBlockIndex(const String& name) const {
-            if (!IsWire()) return DirectVulkan::GetShaderStorageBlockIndex(*m_frontend, name);
            const auto& blocks = Link().storageBlocks;
            // The archive carries NORMALISED names (the array subscript stripped), because
            // that is the spelling SPIRV-Reflect's type_name gives and the spelling
            // ProgramFactory::ReflectLayout looks up. A caller that still holds a GL-style
            // "Foo[2]" gets the same second chance it always had.
            const auto find = [&blocks](const String& key) {
-                return std::find_if(blocks.begin(), blocks.end(),
-                    [&](const MG_State::GLState::StorageBlockReflection& block) {
-                        return block.name == key;
-                    });
+                return std::find_if(
+                    blocks.begin(), blocks.end(),
+                    [&](const MG_State::GLState::StorageBlockReflection& block) { return block.name == key; });
            };
            auto found = find(name);
            if (found == blocks.end() && !name.empty() && name.back() == ']') {
                const auto bracket = name.rfind('[');
                if (bracket != String::npos) found = find(name.substr(0, bracket));
            }
-            return found == blocks.end() ? GL_INVALID_INDEX
-                                         : static_cast<Uint>(found - blocks.begin());
+            return found == blocks.end() ? GL_INVALID_INDEX : static_cast<Uint>(found - blocks.begin());
        }
        Uint GetShaderStorageBlockBinding(Uint index) const {
-            if (!IsWire()) return DirectVulkan::GetShaderStorageBlockBinding(*m_frontend, index);
            const auto& blocks = Link().storageBlocks;
            if (index >= blocks.size()) return 0;
            const auto& block = blocks[index];
@@ -208,9 +199,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            if (index >= Link().glBlockIndexToTProgram.size()) return nullptr;
            const Int tIndex = Link().glBlockIndexToTProgram[index];
            return tIndex >= 0 && static_cast<SizeT>(tIndex) < Link().blockReflection.size()
-                ? &Link().blockReflection[tIndex] : nullptr;
+                       ? &Link().blockReflection[tIndex]
+                       : nullptr;
        }
-        const Program* m_frontend = nullptr;
        MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle m_handle = MG_Pipe::kMGPipeNullHandle;
        const MG_Pipe::MGPipeShaderCsoRecord* m_record = nullptr;
        // P7 OQ-8: the two mutables that memoised the per-draw reflect are gone with it. They
@@ -218,7 +209,4 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // also why they never helped: a view lives for one draw, so the latch was cold every
        // time it was read.
    };
-#else
-    using MagmaProgramSource = MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject;
-#endif
-}
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan
@@ -13,17 +13,17 @@
 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    static const char* PrimitiveTopologyToString(VkPrimitiveTopology topology) {
        switch (topology) {
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_POINT_LIST)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_LIST)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_STRIP)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_STRIP)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_FAN)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_LIST_WITH_ADJACENCY)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_STRIP_WITH_ADJACENCY)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST_WITH_ADJACENCY)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_STRIP_WITH_ADJACENCY)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_PATCH_LIST)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_POINT_LIST)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_LIST)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_STRIP)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_STRIP)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_FAN)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_LIST_WITH_ADJACENCY)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_STRIP_WITH_ADJACENCY)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST_WITH_ADJACENCY)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_STRIP_WITH_ADJACENCY)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_PATCH_LIST)
        default:
            return "VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_UNKNOWN";
        }
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {

    static const char* SampleCountToString(VkSampleCountFlagBits sampleCount) {
        switch (sampleCount) {
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_2_BIT)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_8_BIT)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_16_BIT)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_32_BIT)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_64_BIT)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_2_BIT)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_8_BIT)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_16_BIT)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_32_BIT)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_64_BIT)
        default:
            return "VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_UNKNOWN";
        }
@@ -60,14 +60,14 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {

    static const char* CompareOpToString(VkCompareOp compareOp) {
        switch (compareOp) {
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_COMPARE_OP_NEVER)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_COMPARE_OP_EQUAL)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS_OR_EQUAL)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_COMPARE_OP_GREATER)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_COMPARE_OP_NOT_EQUAL)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_COMPARE_OP_GREATER_OR_EQUAL)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_COMPARE_OP_NEVER)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_COMPARE_OP_EQUAL)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS_OR_EQUAL)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_COMPARE_OP_GREATER)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_COMPARE_OP_NOT_EQUAL)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_COMPARE_OP_GREATER_OR_EQUAL)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS)
        default:
            return "VK_COMPARE_OP_UNKNOWN";
        }
@@ -75,29 +75,29 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {

    static const char* LogicOpToString(VkLogicOp logicOp) {
        switch (logicOp) {
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_CLEAR)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_AND)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_AND_REVERSE)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_AND_INVERTED)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_NO_OP)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_XOR)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_OR)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_NOR)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_EQUIVALENT)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_INVERT)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_OR_REVERSE)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY_INVERTED)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_OR_INVERTED)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_NAND)
-        ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_SET)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_CLEAR)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_AND)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_AND_REVERSE)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_AND_INVERTED)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_NO_OP)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_XOR)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_OR)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_NOR)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_EQUIVALENT)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_INVERT)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_OR_REVERSE)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY_INVERTED)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_OR_INVERTED)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_NAND)
+            ENUM_STR_CASE(VK_LOGIC_OP_SET)
        default:
            return "VK_LOGIC_OP_UNKNOWN";
        }
    }

-    PipelineFactory::PipelineFactory(VkDevice device, const VulkanRendererConfig& config):
-        m_device(device), m_config(config) {
+    PipelineFactory::PipelineFactory(VkDevice device, const VulkanRendererConfig& config)
+        : m_device(device), m_config(config) {
        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(m_device != VK_NULL_HANDLE, "PipelineFactory: device is null");

        if (m_config.DisablePipelineCache) {
@@ -149,8 +149,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // If a future workload pairs another blend shape with an equality chain, widen
        // this with that evidence in hand rather than pre-emptively.
        Bool IsAccumulationBlend(const VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState& attachment) {
-            return attachment.colorBlendOp == VK_BLEND_OP_MIN ||
-                   attachment.colorBlendOp == VK_BLEND_OP_MAX;
+            return attachment.colorBlendOp == VK_BLEND_OP_MIN || attachment.colorBlendOp == VK_BLEND_OP_MAX;
        }
    } // namespace

@@ -194,69 +193,63 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    }

    PipelineFactory::HashType PipelineFactory::ComputeHash(const PipelineCreatePayload& payload) const {
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_reset(m_hashState, m_config.CacheVersion));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.programHash, sizeof(payload.programHash)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.vertexInputHash, sizeof(payload.vertexInputHash)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.pipelineLayout, sizeof(payload.pipelineLayout)));
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
+        // P15: one read of the thread_local per hash (emulated TLS: every read is a call).
+        XXH64_state_t* const hashState = m_hashState;
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_reset(hashState, m_config.CacheVersion));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.programHash, sizeof(payload.programHash)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.vertexInputHash, sizeof(payload.vertexInputHash)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.pipelineLayout, sizeof(payload.pipelineLayout)));
        if (payload.wireRenderPassCompatibilityId != 0) {
            constexpr Uint64 wireDomain = 0x5749524552504b59ull;
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &wireDomain, sizeof(wireDomain)));
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.wireRenderPassCompatibilityId,
-                                      sizeof(payload.wireRenderPassCompatibilityId)));
-        } else
-#endif
-        {
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.renderPass, sizeof(payload.renderPass)));
+            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &wireDomain, sizeof(wireDomain)));
+            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.wireRenderPassCompatibilityId,
+                                       sizeof(payload.wireRenderPassCompatibilityId)));
+        } else {
+            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.renderPass, sizeof(payload.renderPass)));
        }
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.colorAttachmentCount, sizeof(payload.colorAttachmentCount)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.rasterizationSamples, sizeof(payload.rasterizationSamples)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.sampleShadingEnable, sizeof(payload.sampleShadingEnable)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.minSampleShading, sizeof(payload.minSampleShading)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.sampleMask, sizeof(payload.sampleMask)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.subpass, sizeof(payload.subpass)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.topology, sizeof(payload.topology)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.colorAttachmentCount, sizeof(payload.colorAttachmentCount)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.rasterizationSamples, sizeof(payload.rasterizationSamples)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.sampleShadingEnable, sizeof(payload.sampleShadingEnable)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.minSampleShading, sizeof(payload.minSampleShading)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.sampleMask, sizeof(payload.sampleMask)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.subpass, sizeof(payload.subpass)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.topology, sizeof(payload.topology)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.primitiveRestartEnable, sizeof(payload.primitiveRestartEnable)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.patchControlPoints, sizeof(payload.patchControlPoints)));
        XXHASH_VERIFY(
-            XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.primitiveRestartEnable, sizeof(payload.primitiveRestartEnable)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.patchControlPoints, sizeof(payload.patchControlPoints)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.passthroughTessControlKey,
-                                   sizeof(payload.passthroughTessControlKey)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.viewportCount, sizeof(payload.viewportCount)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.polygonMode, sizeof(payload.polygonMode)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.cullMode, sizeof(payload.cullMode)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.frontFace, sizeof(payload.frontFace)));
+            XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.passthroughTessControlKey, sizeof(payload.passthroughTessControlKey)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.viewportCount, sizeof(payload.viewportCount)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.nonLayeredStages, sizeof(payload.nonLayeredStages)));
+        const Bool fullCoverageSampleMask = payload.fullCoverageFragmentModule != VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &fullCoverageSampleMask, sizeof(fullCoverageSampleMask)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.polygonMode, sizeof(payload.polygonMode)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.cullMode, sizeof(payload.cullMode)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.frontFace, sizeof(payload.frontFace)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.provokingVertexMode, sizeof(payload.provokingVertexMode)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.depthTestEnable, sizeof(payload.depthTestEnable)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.depthWriteEnable, sizeof(payload.depthWriteEnable)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.depthBiasEnable, sizeof(payload.depthBiasEnable)));
        XXHASH_VERIFY(
-            XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.provokingVertexMode, sizeof(payload.provokingVertexMode)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.depthTestEnable, sizeof(payload.depthTestEnable)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.depthWriteEnable, sizeof(payload.depthWriteEnable)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.depthBiasEnable, sizeof(payload.depthBiasEnable)));
+            XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.rasterizerDiscardEnable, sizeof(payload.rasterizerDiscardEnable)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.logicOpEnable, sizeof(payload.logicOpEnable)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.stencilTestEnable, sizeof(payload.stencilTestEnable)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.depthCompareOp, sizeof(payload.depthCompareOp)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.logicOp, sizeof(payload.logicOp)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.frontStencilFailOp, sizeof(payload.frontStencilFailOp)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.frontStencilPassOp, sizeof(payload.frontStencilPassOp)));
        XXHASH_VERIFY(
-            XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.rasterizerDiscardEnable, sizeof(payload.rasterizerDiscardEnable)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.logicOpEnable, sizeof(payload.logicOpEnable)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.stencilTestEnable, sizeof(payload.stencilTestEnable)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.depthCompareOp, sizeof(payload.depthCompareOp)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.logicOp, sizeof(payload.logicOp)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.frontStencilFailOp, sizeof(payload.frontStencilFailOp)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.frontStencilPassOp, sizeof(payload.frontStencilPassOp)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(
-            XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.frontStencilDepthFailOp, sizeof(payload.frontStencilDepthFailOp)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(
-            XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.frontStencilCompareOp, sizeof(payload.frontStencilCompareOp)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.backStencilFailOp, sizeof(payload.backStencilFailOp)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.backStencilPassOp, sizeof(payload.backStencilPassOp)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(
-            XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.backStencilDepthFailOp, sizeof(payload.backStencilDepthFailOp)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(
-            XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.backStencilCompareOp, sizeof(payload.backStencilCompareOp)));
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(
-            XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.fragmentReplacesDepth, sizeof(payload.fragmentReplacesDepth)));
+            XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.frontStencilDepthFailOp, sizeof(payload.frontStencilDepthFailOp)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.frontStencilCompareOp, sizeof(payload.frontStencilCompareOp)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.backStencilFailOp, sizeof(payload.backStencilFailOp)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.backStencilPassOp, sizeof(payload.backStencilPassOp)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.backStencilDepthFailOp, sizeof(payload.backStencilDepthFailOp)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.backStencilCompareOp, sizeof(payload.backStencilCompareOp)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, &payload.fragmentReplacesDepth, sizeof(payload.fragmentReplacesDepth)));
        if (payload.colorAttachmentCount > 0) {
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(
-                m_hashState,
-                payload.colorBlendAttachments.data(),
-                sizeof(payload.colorBlendAttachments[0]) * payload.colorAttachmentCount));
+            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(hashState, payload.colorBlendAttachments.data(),
+                                       sizeof(payload.colorBlendAttachments[0]) * payload.colorAttachmentCount));
        }
-        return XXH64_digest(m_hashState);
+        return XXH64_digest(hashState);
    }

    VkPipeline PipelineFactory::GetOrCreatePipeline(const PipelineCreatePayload& payload) {
@@ -281,19 +274,16 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            // Log.h ordering fix made MGLOG_E live in INFO builds.
            MGLOG_E("PipelineFactory::GetOrCreatePipeline: creation failed for hash=0x%llx "
                    "programHash=0x%llx; not caching the failure",
-                    static_cast<unsigned long long>(hash),
-                    static_cast<unsigned long long>(payload.programHash));
+                    static_cast<unsigned long long>(hash), static_cast<unsigned long long>(payload.programHash));
            return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        }
-        m_cache.emplace(hash, PipelineCacheEntry{pipeline, payload.programHash,
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
-                                                 // Wire pipelines outlive their creator pass and
-                                                 // may serve another compatible pass in flight.
-                                                 // Never evict them by a recycled native handle.
-                                                 payload.wireRenderPassCompatibilityId != 0 ? VK_NULL_HANDLE :
-#endif
-                                                 payload.renderPass,
-                                                 m_frameCounter});
+        m_cache.emplace(
+            hash, PipelineCacheEntry{pipeline, payload.programHash,
+                                     // Wire pipelines outlive their creator pass and
+                                     // may serve another compatible pass in flight.
+                                     // Never evict them by a recycled native handle.
+                                     payload.wireRenderPassCompatibilityId != 0 ? VK_NULL_HANDLE : payload.renderPass,
+                                     m_frameCounter});
        return pipeline;
    }

@@ -341,34 +331,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        return evicted;
    }

-    Uint32 PipelineFactory::EvictByRenderPasses(const Vector<VkRenderPass>& renderPasses) {
-        if (renderPasses.empty() || m_cache.empty()) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        // Sorted-batch membership test keeps a mass eviction (shader-pack switch,
-        // dimension exit) at one O(cache * log batch) scan instead of one full scan
-        // per dying pass.
-        Vector<VkRenderPass> sortedPasses = renderPasses;
-        std::sort(sortedPasses.begin(), sortedPasses.end());
-        Uint32 evicted = 0;
-        for (auto it = m_cache.begin(); it != m_cache.end();) {
-            if (std::binary_search(sortedPasses.begin(), sortedPasses.end(), it->second.renderPass)) {
-                if (it->second.pipeline != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-                    vkDestroyPipeline(m_device, it->second.pipeline, nullptr);
-                }
-                it = m_cache.erase(it);
-                ++evicted;
-            } else {
-                ++it;
-            }
-        }
-        if (evicted > 0) {
-            MGLOG_D("PipelineFactory::EvictByRenderPasses: evicted %u pipelines for %zu destroyed render passes",
-                    evicted, sortedPasses.size());
-        }
-        return evicted;
-    }
-
    Uint32 PipelineFactory::EvictByProgramHash(HashType programHash) {
        Uint32 evicted = 0;
        for (auto it = m_cache.begin(); it != m_cache.end();) {
@@ -383,8 +345,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            }
        }
        if (evicted > 0) {
-            MGLOG_D("PipelineFactory::EvictByProgramHash: evicted %u pipelines for program hash 0x%llx",
-                    evicted, static_cast<unsigned long long>(programHash));
+            MGLOG_D("PipelineFactory::EvictByProgramHash: evicted %u pipelines for program hash 0x%llx", evicted,
+                    static_cast<unsigned long long>(programHash));
        }
        return evicted;
    }
@@ -404,28 +366,29 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(payload.pipelineLayout != VK_NULL_HANDLE, "PipelineFactory: pipelineLayout is null");
        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(payload.renderPass != VK_NULL_HANDLE, "PipelineFactory: renderPass is null");
        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(payload.colorAttachmentCount <= PipelineCreatePayload::kMaxColorAttachments,
-                "PipelineFactory: colorAttachmentCount=%u is unexpectedly large",
-                payload.colorAttachmentCount);
-        MGLOG_D("PipelineFactory::CreatePipeline: programHash=0x%llx vertexInputHash=0x%llx colorAttachmentCount=%u subpass=%u",
-            static_cast<unsigned long long>(payload.programHash),
-            static_cast<unsigned long long>(payload.vertexInputHash),
-            payload.colorAttachmentCount,
-            payload.subpass);
+                        "PipelineFactory: colorAttachmentCount=%u is unexpectedly large", payload.colorAttachmentCount);
+        MGLOG_D("PipelineFactory::CreatePipeline: programHash=0x%llx vertexInputHash=0x%llx colorAttachmentCount=%u "
+                "subpass=%u",
+                static_cast<unsigned long long>(payload.programHash),
+                static_cast<unsigned long long>(payload.vertexInputHash), payload.colorAttachmentCount,
+                payload.subpass);

-        static constexpr VkDynamicState kDynamicStates[] = {
-            VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT,
-            VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR,
-            VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_BLEND_CONSTANTS,
-            VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BIAS,
-            VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_LINE_WIDTH,
-            VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_COMPARE_MASK,
-            VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_WRITE_MASK,
-            VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_REFERENCE
-        };
+        // The fragment shading rate goes last so the common prefix is the eight-state list every
+        // pipeline shares; it is only present when the device enabled the pipeline rate.
+        static constexpr VkDynamicState kDynamicStates[] = {VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT,
+                                                            VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR,
+                                                            VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_BLEND_CONSTANTS,
+                                                            VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BIAS,
+                                                            VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_LINE_WIDTH,
+                                                            VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_COMPARE_MASK,
+                                                            VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_WRITE_MASK,
+                                                            VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_REFERENCE,
+                                                            VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_KHR};

        VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamicState{};
        dynamicState.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
-        dynamicState.dynamicStateCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(std::size(kDynamicStates));
+        dynamicState.dynamicStateCount =
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(std::size(kDynamicStates)) - (payload.fragmentShadingRateDynamic ? 0u : 1u);
        dynamicState.pDynamicStates = kDynamicStates;

        VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo ia{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO};
@@ -532,11 +495,31 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // wrong). Returning VK_NULL_HANDLE routes this through the same path a driver rejection
        // takes: the draw is skipped, nothing is memoised, and the process survives.
        const Vector<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo>* effectiveStages = payload.stages;
-        Vector<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo> stagesWithPassthrough;
-        if (payload.passthroughTessControlStage.module != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-            stagesWithPassthrough = *payload.stages;
-            stagesWithPassthrough.push_back(payload.passthroughTessControlStage);
-            effectiveStages = &stagesWithPassthrough;
+        Vector<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo> adjustedStages;
+        if (payload.passthroughTessControlStage.module != VK_NULL_HANDLE ||
+            payload.fullCoverageFragmentModule != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+            adjustedStages = *payload.stages;
+            if (payload.passthroughTessControlStage.module != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+                adjustedStages.push_back(payload.passthroughTessControlStage);
+            }
+            if (payload.fullCoverageFragmentModule != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+                for (auto& stageInfo : adjustedStages) {
+                    if (stageInfo.stage == VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT) {
+                        stageInfo.module = payload.fullCoverageFragmentModule;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            effectiveStages = &adjustedStages;
+        }
+        // A static rasterizer discard leaves the pipeline without fragment shader state, and then
+        // pStages may not name a fragment stage (VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pStages-06894).
+        // Nothing would run it anyway.
+        if (payload.rasterizerDiscardEnable) {
+            if (effectiveStages != &adjustedStages) adjustedStages = *effectiveStages;
+            std::erase_if(adjustedStages, [](const VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo& stageInfo) {
+                return stageInfo.stage == VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
+            });
+            effectiveStages = &adjustedStages;
        }
        {
            VkShaderStageFlags stagesPresent = 0;
@@ -555,12 +538,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                if (!s_warnedHalfTessellatedPipeline) {
                    s_warnedHalfTessellatedPipeline = true;
                    MGLOG_E_ONCE("PipelineFactory::CreatePipeline: refusing a pipeline with %s tessellation stage and "
-                            "no %s stage (VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pStages-00730). programHash=0x%llx "
-                            "patchControlPoints=%u. Its draws are skipped; logged once.",
-                            hasTessEval ? "an evaluation" : "a control",
-                            hasTessEval ? "control" : "evaluation",
-                            static_cast<unsigned long long>(payload.programHash),
-                            payload.patchControlPoints);
+                                 "no %s stage (VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pStages-00730). programHash=0x%llx "
+                                 "patchControlPoints=%u. Its draws are skipped; logged once.",
+                                 hasTessEval ? "an evaluation" : "a control", hasTessEval ? "control" : "evaluation",
+                                 static_cast<unsigned long long>(payload.programHash), payload.patchControlPoints);
                }
                return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
            }
@@ -571,8 +552,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        gpi.pStages = effectiveStages->data();
        gpi.pVertexInputState = payload.vertexInputState;
        gpi.pInputAssemblyState = &ia;
-        gpi.pTessellationState =
-            payload.topology == VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_PATCH_LIST ? &tessellation : nullptr;
+        gpi.pTessellationState = payload.topology == VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_PATCH_LIST ? &tessellation : nullptr;
        gpi.pViewportState = &vpci;
        gpi.pRasterizationState = &raster;
        gpi.pMultisampleState = &ms;
@@ -593,32 +573,20 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // GetOrCreatePipeline deliberately does not cache the failure, which is what makes that
        // repetition happen; if the repetition ever needs to stop, fix the pipeline, not the log.
        if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
-            MGLOG_F("PipelineFactory::CreatePipeline failed: result=%s (%d) programHash=0x%llx vertexInputHash=0x%llx stageCount=%u topology=%s(%d) colorAttachmentCount=%u samples=%s(%d) subpass=%u",
-                    VkResultToString(result),
-                    result,
-                    static_cast<unsigned long long>(payload.programHash),
-                    static_cast<unsigned long long>(payload.vertexInputHash),
-                    gpi.stageCount,
-                    PrimitiveTopologyToString(payload.topology),
-                    payload.topology,
-                    payload.colorAttachmentCount,
-                    SampleCountToString(payload.rasterizationSamples),
-                    payload.rasterizationSamples,
-                    payload.subpass);
-            MGLOG_F("PipelineFactory::CreatePipeline state: cullMode=%s(0x%x) frontFace=%d depthTest=%d depthWrite=%d depthCompare=%s(%d) depthBias=%d rasterizerDiscard=%d stencilTest=%d logicOpEnable=%d logicOp=%s(%d)",
-                    CullModeToString(payload.cullMode),
-                    static_cast<Uint32>(payload.cullMode),
-                    payload.frontFace,
-                    payload.depthTestEnable ? 1 : 0,
-                    payload.depthWriteEnable ? 1 : 0,
-                    CompareOpToString(payload.depthCompareOp),
-                    payload.depthCompareOp,
-                    payload.depthBiasEnable ? 1 : 0,
-                    payload.rasterizerDiscardEnable ? 1 : 0,
-                    payload.stencilTestEnable ? 1 : 0,
-                    payload.logicOpEnable ? 1 : 0,
-                    LogicOpToString(payload.logicOp),
-                    payload.logicOp);
+            MGLOG_F("PipelineFactory::CreatePipeline failed: result=%s (%d) programHash=0x%llx vertexInputHash=0x%llx "
+                    "stageCount=%u topology=%s(%d) colorAttachmentCount=%u samples=%s(%d) subpass=%u",
+                    VkResultToString(result), result, static_cast<unsigned long long>(payload.programHash),
+                    static_cast<unsigned long long>(payload.vertexInputHash), gpi.stageCount,
+                    PrimitiveTopologyToString(payload.topology), payload.topology, payload.colorAttachmentCount,
+                    SampleCountToString(payload.rasterizationSamples), payload.rasterizationSamples, payload.subpass);
+            MGLOG_F(
+                "PipelineFactory::CreatePipeline state: cullMode=%s(0x%x) frontFace=%d depthTest=%d depthWrite=%d "
+                "depthCompare=%s(%d) depthBias=%d rasterizerDiscard=%d stencilTest=%d logicOpEnable=%d logicOp=%s(%d)",
+                CullModeToString(payload.cullMode), static_cast<Uint32>(payload.cullMode), payload.frontFace,
+                payload.depthTestEnable ? 1 : 0, payload.depthWriteEnable ? 1 : 0,
+                CompareOpToString(payload.depthCompareOp), payload.depthCompareOp, payload.depthBiasEnable ? 1 : 0,
+                payload.rasterizerDiscardEnable ? 1 : 0, payload.stencilTestEnable ? 1 : 0,
+                payload.logicOpEnable ? 1 : 0, LogicOpToString(payload.logicOp), payload.logicOp);
            MGLOG_F("PipelineFactory::CreatePipeline vertex input: bindingCount=%u attributeCount=%u",
                    payload.vertexInputState->vertexBindingDescriptionCount,
                    payload.vertexInputState->vertexAttributeDescriptionCount);
@@ -632,8 +600,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                    const auto& digest = (*payload.stageSpirvDigests)[i];
                    MGLOG_I("PipelineFactory::CreatePipeline spirv[%zu]: stage=0x%x words=%u bytes=%zu "
                            "hash=0x%llx",
-                            i, digest.stage, digest.wordCount,
-                            static_cast<SizeT>(digest.wordCount) * sizeof(Uint32),
+                            i, digest.stage, digest.wordCount, static_cast<SizeT>(digest.wordCount) * sizeof(Uint32),
                            static_cast<unsigned long long>(digest.hash));
                }
            } else {
@@ -654,16 +621,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            }
            for (Uint32 i = 0; i < payload.colorAttachmentCount; ++i) {
                const auto& attachment = payload.colorBlendAttachments[i];
-                MGLOG_F("PipelineFactory::CreatePipeline colorAttachment[%u]: blend=%d colorWriteMask=0x%x srcColor=%d dstColor=%d colorOp=%d srcAlpha=%d dstAlpha=%d alphaOp=%d",
-                        i,
-                        attachment.blendEnable == VK_TRUE ? 1 : 0,
-                        static_cast<Uint32>(attachment.colorWriteMask),
-                        attachment.srcColorBlendFactor,
-                        attachment.dstColorBlendFactor,
-                        attachment.colorBlendOp,
-                        attachment.srcAlphaBlendFactor,
-                        attachment.dstAlphaBlendFactor,
-                        attachment.alphaBlendOp);
+                MGLOG_F("PipelineFactory::CreatePipeline colorAttachment[%u]: blend=%d colorWriteMask=0x%x srcColor=%d "
+                        "dstColor=%d colorOp=%d srcAlpha=%d dstAlpha=%d alphaOp=%d",
+                        i, attachment.blendEnable == VK_TRUE ? 1 : 0, static_cast<Uint32>(attachment.colorWriteMask),
+                        attachment.srcColorBlendFactor, attachment.dstColorBlendFactor, attachment.colorBlendOp,
+                        attachment.srcAlphaBlendFactor, attachment.dstAlphaBlendFactor, attachment.alphaBlendOp);
            }
        }
        VK_VERIFY(result, "vkCreateGraphicsPipelines");
@@ -35,11 +35,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            HashType vertexInputHash = 0;
            VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
            VkRenderPass renderPass = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
            // Nonzero is an exact, renderer-lifetime compatibility identity.
            // renderPass remains the valid creation handle, not the cache key.
            Uint64 wireRenderPassCompatibilityId = 0;
-#endif
            Uint32 colorAttachmentCount = 1;
            VkSampleCountFlagBits rasterizationSamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
            // glEnable(GL_SAMPLE_SHADING) + glMinSampleShading, which Vulkan bakes into the
@@ -83,6 +81,15 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            // therefore hashed; the DYNAMIC viewport/scissor arrays the draw pushes must have
            // exactly this many elements (VUID-vkCmdDraw-viewportCount-03417/-03418).
            Uint32 viewportCount = 1;
+            // `stages` is the program's nonLayeredStages: the gl_Layer-zeroed modules a draw into
+            // a non-layered framebuffer uses (ZeroLayerOutputPass). Hashed - the two stage sets
+            // are different pipelines; the program hash alone names both.
+            Bool nonLayeredStages = false;
+            // Non-null: the fragment stage in `stages` is replaced by this module, the program's
+            // full-coverage gl_SampleMask variant (VkProgramObject::fullCoverageFragmentModule),
+            // because this draw has no multisample fragment operations. Hashed as presence only -
+            // the module is a pure function of the program, which programHash already names.
+            VkShaderModule fullCoverageFragmentModule = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
            VkPolygonMode polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL;
            VkCullModeFlags cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT;
            VkFrontFace frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE;
@@ -110,6 +117,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            // The fragment module writes gl_FragDepth (SPIR-V DepthReplacing); exempts the
            // pipeline from the blended depth-write quirk (see ShouldSuppressDepthWrite).
            Bool fragmentReplacesDepth = false;
+            // The device enabled VK_KHR_fragment_shading_rate's pipeline rate, so the pipeline takes
+            // VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_KHR and every draw sets glShadingRateEXT's rate
+            // and combiner ops on the command buffer. NOT hashed: it is a device constant, the same
+            // for every pipeline this renderer builds.
+            Bool fragmentShadingRateDynamic = false;
            Array<VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState, kMaxColorAttachments> colorBlendAttachments{};
            const Vector<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo>* stages = nullptr;
            // The tessellation control stage this renderer synthesized for a program that has
@@ -142,15 +154,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // VkRenderPassManager::OnPresent's sweep. Returns the number of pipelines
        // destroyed so the caller can drop any memoized VkPipeline handle.
        Uint32 OnFrameBoundary();
-        // Destroys every cached pipeline hashed on one of `renderPasses`. Only safe
-        // when the caller guarantees GPU idleness for them - the render-pass manager
-        // calls this (via the renderer) for passes its own >1024-boundary-idle sweep
-        // just evicted, and a pipeline hashed on those handles is only ever bound by
-        // draws that also hit the render-pass entries. Also closes the handle-recycling
-        // hazard: a recycled VkRenderPass value must never serve a stale pipeline.
-        // Batched: one cache scan regardless of how many passes died in the sweep.
-        // Returns the number destroyed (callers invalidate memos when non-zero).
-        Uint32 EvictByRenderPasses(const Vector<VkRenderPass>& renderPasses);
        // Destroys every cached pipeline built from the program with content hash
        // `programHash`. Called from the ProgramFactory eviction path, which proves the
        // same >1024-boundary idleness (the program's pipelines are only bound by draws
@@ -171,8 +174,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        static Bool IsSuppressBlendedDepthWriteEnabled() { return s_suppressBlendedDepthWrite; }
        // Device gate for the quirk: ForceOn/ForceOff bypass detection, Auto enables it on
        // the known-affected vendor (Qualcomm).
-        static Bool ShouldSuppressBlendedDepthWriteForDevice(MG_Config::QuirkOverride quirkOverride,
-                                                             Uint32 vendorId);
+        static Bool ShouldSuppressBlendedDepthWriteForDevice(MG_Config::QuirkOverride quirkOverride, Uint32 vendorId);
        // Pure per-pipeline strip decision (exempts gl_FragDepth writers, masked-out and
        // non-accumulation blends); combined with the device flag in CreatePipeline. Static
        // and payload-only so tests can pin the contract without a VkDevice.
@@ -75,6 +75,18 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            ZeroBaseVertex = 1 << 8,
        };
        using CompileOptionFlags = Flags<CompileOptionBit>;
+
+        // glClipControl folded into the position fixup's two bits. An upper-left origin negates
+        // clip-space Y on top of whatever the framebuffer needs (the fixup flips before it rotates,
+        // so this stays in the logical orientation), and inverts the cull sense with it, which
+        // keeps facing a property of the clip-space winding as the extension requires. A
+        // [0, 1] depth mode is Vulkan's own clip volume, so the remap is dropped. gl_FragCoord is
+        // a window coordinate, which clip control does not move.
+        static constexpr Uint32 ApplyClipControlToTransformFlags(Uint32 flags, GLenum origin, GLenum depthMode) {
+            if (origin == GL_UPPER_LEFT) flags ^= static_cast<Uint32>(CompileOptionBit::PositionYFlip);
+            if (depthMode == GL_ZERO_TO_ONE) flags &= ~static_cast<Uint32>(CompileOptionBit::PositionZRemap);
+            return flags;
+        }
        using HashType = Uint64;

        // The gl_PerVertex members a pass-through tessellation control stage may have to carry,
@@ -90,9 +102,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        };
        // What a program parsed below #version 450 carries, and the fallback when a module's
        // block cannot be read.
-        static constexpr Uint32 kDefaultPerVertexMembers =
-            static_cast<Uint32>(PerVertexMemberBit::Position) | static_cast<Uint32>(PerVertexMemberBit::PointSize) |
-            static_cast<Uint32>(PerVertexMemberBit::ClipDistance);
+        static constexpr Uint32 kDefaultPerVertexMembers = static_cast<Uint32>(PerVertexMemberBit::Position) |
+                                                           static_cast<Uint32>(PerVertexMemberBit::PointSize) |
+                                                           static_cast<Uint32>(PerVertexMemberBit::ClipDistance);

        struct UpdateAfterBindLimits {
            Bool enabled = false;
@@ -116,6 +128,18 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {

            HashType hash = 0;
            Vector<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo> stages;
+            // `stages` for a draw into a NON-LAYERED framebuffer: the same list, except that every
+            // module storing gl_Layer is replaced by its ZeroLayerOutputPass variant (GL ignores
+            // gl_Layer there; Vulkan offsets the primitive out of the attachment). Empty for every
+            // program that never writes gl_Layer, which then uses `stages` for both. The variant
+            // modules are owned by `modules` like the others.
+            Vector<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo> nonLayeredStages;
+            // The fragment module a draw without multisample fragment operations uses (a
+            // single-sample framebuffer, or MULTISAMPLE disabled): every gl_SampleMask store
+            // writes all-ones, since GL ignores the shader's mask there and Vulkan would discard
+            // on a clear bit 0 (FullCoverageSampleMaskPass). VK_NULL_HANDLE for every program
+            // whose fragment stage never writes gl_SampleMask. Owned by `modules`.
+            VkShaderModule fullCoverageFragmentModule = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
            Vector<VkShaderModule> modules;
            // Parallel to stages; identifies the exact module bytes handed to the driver when a
            // pipeline creation fails. Sixteen bytes per stage instead of keeping the SPIR-V.
@@ -257,7 +281,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            // entry pointer re-stamps use through a const reference (StampProgramUse).
            mutable Uint64 lastUsedFrame = 0;

-            static inline SessionLocal<VkDevice> s_device;  // per Magma session (MagmaSession.h)
+            static inline SessionLocal<VkDevice> s_device; // per Magma session (MagmaSession.h)

            VkProgramObject() = default;
            VkProgramObject(const VkProgramObject&) = delete;
@@ -265,6 +289,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            VkProgramObject(VkProgramObject&& other) noexcept {
                hash = other.hash;
                stages = std::move(other.stages);
+                nonLayeredStages = std::move(other.nonLayeredStages);
+                fullCoverageFragmentModule = other.fullCoverageFragmentModule;
+                other.fullCoverageFragmentModule = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
                modules = std::move(other.modules);
                // Must travel with `modules`: these digests name the SPIR-V those exact
                // shader modules were built from, and the pipeline-failure diagnostics
@@ -288,8 +315,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                samplerTextureTargetByBinding = std::move(other.samplerTextureTargetByBinding);
                samplerNumericDomainByBinding = std::move(other.samplerNumericDomainByBinding);
                storageImageFormatByBinding = std::move(other.storageImageFormatByBinding);
-                storageImageUsesBindingFormatByBinding =
-                    std::move(other.storageImageUsesBindingFormatByBinding);
+                storageImageUsesBindingFormatByBinding = std::move(other.storageImageUsesBindingFormatByBinding);
                storageBlockNameByBinding = std::move(other.storageBlockNameByBinding);
                storageBlockIndexByBinding = std::move(other.storageBlockIndexByBinding);
                hasStorageImages = other.hasStorageImages;
@@ -344,6 +370,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                Destroy();
                hash = other.hash;
                stages = std::move(other.stages);
+                nonLayeredStages = std::move(other.nonLayeredStages);
+                fullCoverageFragmentModule = other.fullCoverageFragmentModule;
+                other.fullCoverageFragmentModule = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
                modules = std::move(other.modules);
                stageSpirvDigests = std::move(other.stageSpirvDigests); // travels with `modules` - see the move ctor
                descriptorSetLayout = other.descriptorSetLayout;
@@ -360,8 +389,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                samplerTextureTargetByBinding = std::move(other.samplerTextureTargetByBinding);
                samplerNumericDomainByBinding = std::move(other.samplerNumericDomainByBinding);
                storageImageFormatByBinding = std::move(other.storageImageFormatByBinding);
-                storageImageUsesBindingFormatByBinding =
-                    std::move(other.storageImageUsesBindingFormatByBinding);
+                storageImageUsesBindingFormatByBinding = std::move(other.storageImageUsesBindingFormatByBinding);
                storageBlockNameByBinding = std::move(other.storageBlockNameByBinding);
                storageBlockIndexByBinding = std::move(other.storageBlockIndexByBinding);
                hasStorageImages = other.hasStorageImages;
@@ -411,9 +439,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                return *this;
            }

-            ~VkProgramObject() {
-                Destroy();
-            }
+            ~VkProgramObject() { Destroy(); }

        private:
            void Destroy() {
@@ -434,6 +460,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                }
                modules.clear();
                stages.clear();
+                nonLayeredStages.clear();
+                fullCoverageFragmentModule = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
                stageSpirvDigests.clear(); // the modules they describe are gone
            }
        };
@@ -457,11 +485,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // repair passes patch modules AROUND them, and the emulation only replaces them
        // on opted-in devices with no subgroup support at all.
        struct SubgroupLoweringPolicy {
-            Bool emulateSubgroups = false;      // MOBILEGL_MAGMA_EMULATE_SUBGROUP, no-native-support devices
+            Bool emulateSubgroups = false;              // no-native-support devices, or MOBILEGL_SUBGROUP_EMULATION
            Bool fixIterationRPSubgroupScratch = false; // patch iterationRP's under-declared scratch
-            Bool fixIterationRPBarrier = false; // repair Program 203's shared-scratch race
-            Bool deriveNumSubgroups = false;    // repair the NumSubgroups builtin
-            Bool requireFullSubgroups = false;  // computeFullSubgroups enabled on the device
+            Bool fixIterationRPBarrier = false;         // repair Program 203's shared-scratch race
+            Bool deriveNumSubgroups = false;            // repair the NumSubgroups builtin
+            Bool requireFullSubgroups = false;          // computeFullSubgroups enabled on the device
            Uint32 nativeSubgroupSize = 0;
            // Full-subgroup launches are bounded by this device limit; a dispatch whose
            // workgroup needs more subgroups than this cannot request the flag.
@@ -472,18 +500,14 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        };

        explicit ProgramFactory(VkDevice device, const VulkanRendererConfig& config, Uint32 maxBindings,
-                                Bool shaderDrawParametersEnabled,
-                                Bool unformattedFloatStorageImagesEnabled,
-                                Bool tessellationAndGeometryPointSizeEnabled,
-                                Bool enableSpirvValidation,
-                                UpdateAfterBindLimits updateAfterBindLimits,
-                                SubgroupLoweringPolicy subgroupPolicy)
+                                Bool shaderDrawParametersEnabled, Bool unformattedFloatStorageImagesEnabled,
+                                Bool tessellationAndGeometryPointSizeEnabled, Bool enableSpirvValidation,
+                                UpdateAfterBindLimits updateAfterBindLimits, SubgroupLoweringPolicy subgroupPolicy)
            : m_device(device), m_maxBindings(maxBindings), m_config(config),
              m_shaderDrawParametersEnabled(shaderDrawParametersEnabled),
              m_unformattedFloatStorageImagesEnabled(unformattedFloatStorageImagesEnabled),
              m_tessellationAndGeometryPointSizeEnabled(tessellationAndGeometryPointSizeEnabled),
-              m_enableSpirvValidation(enableSpirvValidation),
-              m_updateAfterBindLimits(updateAfterBindLimits),
+              m_enableSpirvValidation(enableSpirvValidation), m_updateAfterBindLimits(updateAfterBindLimits),
              m_subgroupPolicy(subgroupPolicy) {
            VkProgramObject::s_device.Get() = device;
        }
@@ -494,8 +518,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        ProgramFactory(const ProgramFactory&) = delete;

        HashType ComputeHash(const MagmaProgramSource& program, CompileOptionFlags flags) const;
-        const VkProgramObject& GetOrCreateProgram(
-            const MagmaProgramSource& program, CompileOptionFlags flags);
+        const VkProgramObject& GetOrCreateProgram(const MagmaProgramSource& program, CompileOptionFlags flags);

        // The default framebuffer's current image height, baked as a literal into every
        // FragCoordYFlip variant (there is no push-constant or specialization channel here, and
@@ -599,9 +622,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // (size, levels, members) combinations a program draws with - one or two in practice -
        // and only ever happens for the rare program that has no control stage at all.
        VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo GetOrCreatePassthroughTessControlStage(Uint32 patchVertices,
-                                                                              const FloatVec4& defaultOuterLevel,
-                                                                              const FloatVec2& defaultInnerLevel,
-                                                                              Uint32 perVertexMembers);
+                                                                               const FloatVec4& defaultOuterLevel,
+                                                                               const FloatVec2& defaultInnerLevel,
+                                                                               Uint32 perVertexMembers);

        // Source of the module above. Exposed for tests: the generated GLSL is the whole
        // contract with the evaluation stage, so it is worth pinning independently of a device.
@@ -636,22 +659,18 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // `spirv`, at the same index. Taking the stages rather than the shader objects is what
        // keeps the program's live attach list, which is a longer and differently-indexed list
        // the moment a glAttachShader lands after the link, from being passed here by mistake.
-        void ReflectVertexInputs(const Vector<ShaderStage>& stages,
-                     const Vector<Vector<Uint>>& spirv,
-                     VkProgramObject& entry) const;
-        void ReflectViewportIndexUsage(const Vector<ShaderStage>& stages,
-                                       const Vector<Vector<Uint>>& spirv,
+        void ReflectVertexInputs(const Vector<ShaderStage>& stages, const Vector<Vector<Uint>>& spirv,
+                                 VkProgramObject& entry) const;
+        void ReflectViewportIndexUsage(const Vector<ShaderStage>& stages, const Vector<Vector<Uint>>& spirv,
                                       VkProgramObject& entry) const;
-        void ReflectFragmentOutputs(const Vector<ShaderStage>& stages,
-                        const Vector<Vector<Uint>>& spirv,
-                        VkProgramObject& entry) const;
+        void ReflectFragmentOutputs(const Vector<ShaderStage>& stages, const Vector<Vector<Uint>>& spirv,
+                                    VkProgramObject& entry) const;
        void ReflectLayout(const MagmaProgramSource& program, const Vector<Vector<Uint>>& spirv,
                           VkProgramObject& entry) const;
        // Fills needsPassthroughTessControl / passthroughTessControlEmulatable off the linked
        // modules. Const and reflection-only: it decides nothing about the pipeline, it only
        // records what the evaluation stage's input interface is made of.
-        void ReflectPassthroughTessControlNeed(const Vector<ShaderStage>& stages,
-                                               const Vector<Vector<Uint>>& spirv,
+        void ReflectPassthroughTessControlNeed(const Vector<ShaderStage>& stages, const Vector<Vector<Uint>>& spirv,
                                               VkProgramObject& entry) const;

        VkDevice m_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
@@ -13,29 +13,29 @@

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {

-// Collect every fence in the ordered submission prefix. Waiting on only the last matching
-// frame-serial record is insufficient: the same serial may have an earlier in-flight submit.
-template <typename Records, typename Fence>
-bool CollectSubmitFencePrefix(const Records& records, std::uint64_t submitIndex,
-                              Fence nullFence, std::vector<Fence>& fences) {
-    fences.clear();
-    bool foundTarget = false;
-    for (const auto& record : records) {
-        if (record.submitIndex > submitIndex) {
-            break;
+    // Collect every fence in the ordered submission prefix. Waiting on only the last matching
+    // frame-serial record is insufficient: the same serial may have an earlier in-flight submit.
+    template <typename Records, typename Fence>
+    bool CollectSubmitFencePrefix(const Records& records, std::uint64_t submitIndex, Fence nullFence,
+                                  std::vector<Fence>& fences) {
+        fences.clear();
+        bool foundTarget = false;
+        for (const auto& record : records) {
+            if (record.submitIndex > submitIndex) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if (record.fence == nullFence) {
+                fences.clear();
+                return false;
+            }
+            fences.push_back(record.fence);
+            foundTarget = foundTarget || record.submitIndex == submitIndex;
        }
-        if (record.fence == nullFence) {
+        if (!foundTarget) {
            fences.clear();
            return false;
        }
-        fences.push_back(record.fence);
-        foundTarget = foundTarget || record.submitIndex == submitIndex;
+        return true;
    }
-    if (!foundTarget) {
-        fences.clear();
-        return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-}

 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan
@@ -13,10 +13,8 @@
 #include "MG_Impl/GLImpl/Framebuffer/GL_Framebuffer.h"
 #include "MG_State/GLState/TextureState/TextureObject2D.h"

-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH
 // P5c ev: the surface-changed event's producer callback, installed by the server session.
 #include <MG_Pipe/MGPipeCallbacks.h>
-#endif

 #if defined(__has_include)
 #if __has_include(<vulkan/vk_enum_string_helper.h>)
@@ -94,7 +92,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    } // namespace

    SwapchainObject::SwapchainCapabilities SwapchainObject::GetSwapchainCapabilities(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
-                                                                                      VkSurfaceKHR surface) {
+                                                                                     VkSurfaceKHR surface) {
        SwapchainCapabilities swapchainCapabilities{};

        VK_VERIFY(
@@ -104,17 +102,16 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        VK_VERIFY(vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physicalDevice, surface, &formatCount, nullptr));
        if (formatCount != 0) {
            swapchainCapabilities.surfaceFormats.resize(formatCount);
-            VK_VERIFY(vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(
-                physicalDevice, surface, &formatCount, swapchainCapabilities.surfaceFormats.data()));
+            VK_VERIFY(vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physicalDevice, surface, &formatCount,
+                                                           swapchainCapabilities.surfaceFormats.data()));
        }

        Uint32 presentModeCount = 0;
-        VK_VERIFY(
-            vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physicalDevice, surface, &presentModeCount, nullptr));
+        VK_VERIFY(vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physicalDevice, surface, &presentModeCount, nullptr));
        if (presentModeCount != 0) {
            swapchainCapabilities.presentModes.resize(presentModeCount);
-            VK_VERIFY(vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(
-                physicalDevice, surface, &presentModeCount, swapchainCapabilities.presentModes.data()));
+            VK_VERIFY(vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physicalDevice, surface, &presentModeCount,
+                                                                swapchainCapabilities.presentModes.data()));
        }

        return swapchainCapabilities;
@@ -141,13 +138,13 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        return availableFormats[0];
    }

-    VkPresentModeKHR SwapchainObject::ChooseSwapchainPresentMode(
-        const Vector<VkPresentModeKHR>& availablePresentModes, Optional<Int> swapInterval) {
+    VkPresentModeKHR SwapchainObject::ChooseSwapchainPresentMode(const Vector<VkPresentModeKHR>& availablePresentModes,
+                                                                 Optional<Int> swapInterval) {
        static constexpr VkPresentModeKHR s_unthrottledPresentModes[]{
            VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR, VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR, VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR};
        static constexpr VkPresentModeKHR s_vsyncPresentModes[]{VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR};
        static constexpr VkPresentModeKHR s_adaptiveVsyncPresentModes[]{VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR,
-                                                                         VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR};
+                                                                        VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR};
        std::span<const VkPresentModeKHR> ranked = s_desiredPresentModes;
        if (swapInterval) {
            if (*swapInterval == 0) {
@@ -175,7 +172,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {

    void SwapchainObject::Create(VkDevice device, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, VkSurfaceKHR surface,
                                 Uint32 graphicsQueueFamily, Uint32 presentQueueFamily, Uint32 minImageCountHint,
-                                 VkExtent2D desiredExtent, Optional<Int> swapInterval) {
+                                 Uint32 extraImageCount, VkExtent2D desiredExtent, Optional<Int> swapInterval) {
        const auto swapchainCapabilities = GetSwapchainCapabilities(physicalDevice, surface);
        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(swapchainCapabilities.IsComplete(),
                        "SwapchainObject::Create failed: incomplete swapchain capabilities");
@@ -200,11 +197,14 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        m_supportedPresentModes = swapchainCapabilities.presentModes;

        const auto& swapchainCaps = swapchainCapabilities.capabilities;
-        Uint32 targetImageCount = std::max<Uint32>(minImageCountHint, swapchainCaps.minImageCount);
+        // The extra images count from the surface's own minimum: that is how many the platform
+        // keeps for itself and the application, so only images beyond it delay a buffer's reuse.
+        Uint32 targetImageCount = std::max<Uint32>(minImageCountHint, swapchainCaps.minImageCount + extraImageCount);
        if (swapchainCaps.maxImageCount != 0) {
            targetImageCount = std::min(targetImageCount, swapchainCaps.maxImageCount);
        }
-        MGLOG_I("Set minImageCount = %u", targetImageCount);
+        MGLOG_I("Set minImageCount = %u (surface min %u, max %u, extra %u)", targetImageCount,
+                swapchainCaps.minImageCount, swapchainCaps.maxImageCount, extraImageCount);
        MGLOG_I("Swapchain currentTransform = %s",
                string_VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR(swapchainCaps.currentTransform));

@@ -215,11 +215,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        createInfo.imageColorSpace = pickedSurfaceFormat.colorSpace;
        createInfo.imageExtent = swapchainCaps.currentExtent;
        if (createInfo.imageExtent.width == UINT32_MAX || createInfo.imageExtent.height == UINT32_MAX) {
-            createInfo.imageExtent.width = std::clamp(desiredExtent.width,
-                                                      swapchainCaps.minImageExtent.width,
-                                                      swapchainCaps.maxImageExtent.width);
-            createInfo.imageExtent.height = std::clamp(desiredExtent.height,
-                                                       swapchainCaps.minImageExtent.height,
+            createInfo.imageExtent.width =
+                std::clamp(desiredExtent.width, swapchainCaps.minImageExtent.width, swapchainCaps.maxImageExtent.width);
+            createInfo.imageExtent.height = std::clamp(desiredExtent.height, swapchainCaps.minImageExtent.height,
                                                       swapchainCaps.maxImageExtent.height);
        }
        const VkExtent2D defaultFramebufferExtent = createInfo.imageExtent;
@@ -256,11 +254,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        createInfo.preTransform = swapchainCaps.currentTransform;
        MGLOG_I("Set swapchain preTransform = %s", string_VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR(createInfo.preTransform));
        const VkCompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR compositeAlphaCandidates[] = {
-            VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR,
-            VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_PRE_MULTIPLIED_BIT_KHR,
-            VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_POST_MULTIPLIED_BIT_KHR,
-            VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_INHERIT_BIT_KHR
-        };
+            VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR, VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_PRE_MULTIPLIED_BIT_KHR,
+            VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_POST_MULTIPLIED_BIT_KHR, VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_INHERIT_BIT_KHR};
        createInfo.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;
        for (auto candidate : compositeAlphaCandidates) {
            if ((swapchainCaps.supportedCompositeAlpha & candidate) != 0) {
@@ -310,24 +305,23 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        auto& defaultFBOInfo = MG_Impl::GLImpl::FramebufferImpl::pDefaultFramebufferInfo;
        const Int extentWidth = static_cast<Int>(defaultFramebufferExtent.width);
        const Int extentHeight = static_cast<Int>(defaultFramebufferExtent.height);
-        const SizeT defaultAttachmentByteSize =
-            static_cast<SizeT>(defaultFramebufferExtent.width) *
-            static_cast<SizeT>(defaultFramebufferExtent.height) * 4;
+        const SizeT defaultAttachmentByteSize = static_cast<SizeT>(defaultFramebufferExtent.width) *
+                                                static_cast<SizeT>(defaultFramebufferExtent.height) * 4;

        TextureInternalFormat depthFormat = TextureInternalFormat::Depth24Stencil8;
        switch (m_depthStencilFormat) {
-            case VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT:
-                depthFormat = TextureInternalFormat::Depth24Stencil8;
-                break;
-            case VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT:
-                depthFormat = TextureInternalFormat::Depth32FStencil8;
-                break;
-            case VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT:
-                depthFormat = TextureInternalFormat::DepthComponent32F;
-                break;
-            default:
-                depthFormat = TextureInternalFormat::Depth24Stencil8;
-                break;
+        case VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT:
+            depthFormat = TextureInternalFormat::Depth24Stencil8;
+            break;
+        case VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT:
+            depthFormat = TextureInternalFormat::Depth32FStencil8;
+            break;
+        case VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT:
+            depthFormat = TextureInternalFormat::DepthComponent32F;
+            break;
+        default:
+            depthFormat = TextureInternalFormat::Depth24Stencil8;
+            break;
        }

        // The default FBO's stencil attachment must track the swapchain extent:
@@ -337,19 +331,18 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // GL_INVALID_FRAMEBUFFER_OPERATION on DirectVulkan.
        TextureInternalFormat stencilFormat = TextureInternalFormat::Depth24Stencil8;
        switch (m_depthStencilFormat) {
-            case VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT:
-                stencilFormat = TextureInternalFormat::Depth32FStencil8;
-                break;
-            case VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT:
-                stencilFormat = TextureInternalFormat::Depth24Stencil8;
-                break;
-            default:
-                // No stencil plane; mirror the depth format for consistency.
-                stencilFormat = depthFormat;
-                break;
+        case VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT:
+            stencilFormat = TextureInternalFormat::Depth32FStencil8;
+            break;
+        case VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT:
+            stencilFormat = TextureInternalFormat::Depth24Stencil8;
+            break;
+        default:
+            // No stencil plane; mirror the depth format for consistency.
+            stencilFormat = depthFormat;
+            break;
        }

-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH
        if (MG_Pipe::gMGPipeCallbacks.OnSurfaceChanged != nullptr) {
            // P5c ev (CONTRACT-P5C §4.2): with an active transport the default FBO's
            // attachments are CLIENT memory and this thread may not write them - the backend
@@ -366,27 +359,24 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            info.Layers = 1;
            info.IsDefault = 1;
            MG_Pipe::gMGPipeCallbacks.OnSurfaceChanged(&info);
-        } else
-#endif
-        {
+        } else {
            auto* colorTex = static_cast<MG_State::GLState::TextureObject2D*>(defaultFBOInfo->colorAttachment.get());
            colorTex->AllocateStorage(
-                TextureUploadTarget::Texture2D, 0, {
-                    {extentWidth, extentHeight, 1},
-                    defaultAttachmentByteSize}); // TODO: 4 is format size
+                TextureUploadTarget::Texture2D, 0,
+                {{extentWidth, extentHeight, 1}, defaultAttachmentByteSize}); // TODO: 4 is format size
            auto* depthTex = static_cast<MG_State::GLState::TextureObject2D*>(defaultFBOInfo->depthAttachment.get());
            depthTex->SetInternalFormat(depthFormat);
-            depthTex->AllocateStorage(TextureUploadTarget::Texture2D, 0, {
-                {extentWidth, extentHeight, 1},
-                defaultAttachmentByteSize}); // TODO: 4 is format size
+            depthTex->AllocateStorage(
+                TextureUploadTarget::Texture2D, 0,
+                {{extentWidth, extentHeight, 1}, defaultAttachmentByteSize}); // TODO: 4 is format size

-            auto* stencilTex = static_cast<MG_State::GLState::TextureObject2D*>(defaultFBOInfo->stencilAttachment.get());
+            auto* stencilTex =
+                static_cast<MG_State::GLState::TextureObject2D*>(defaultFBOInfo->stencilAttachment.get());
            stencilTex->SetInternalFormat(stencilFormat);
-            stencilTex->AllocateStorage(TextureUploadTarget::Texture2D, 0, {
-                {extentWidth, extentHeight, 1},
-                defaultAttachmentByteSize}); // TODO: 4 is format size
+            stencilTex->AllocateStorage(
+                TextureUploadTarget::Texture2D, 0,
+                {{extentWidth, extentHeight, 1}, defaultAttachmentByteSize}); // TODO: 4 is format size
        }
-
    }

    void SwapchainObject::CreateDepthStencilResources(VkDevice device, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice) {
@@ -20,9 +20,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            Vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> surfaceFormats;
            Vector<VkPresentModeKHR> presentModes;

-            Bool IsComplete() const {
-                return !surfaceFormats.empty() && !presentModes.empty();
-            }
+            Bool IsComplete() const { return !surfaceFormats.empty() && !presentModes.empty(); }
        };

        static SwapchainCapabilities GetSwapchainCapabilities(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, VkSurfaceKHR surface);
@@ -36,8 +34,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        static const char* GetPresentModeName(VkPresentModeKHR presentMode);

        void Create(VkDevice device, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, VkSurfaceKHR surface, Uint32 graphicsQueueFamily,
-                    Uint32 presentQueueFamily, Uint32 minImageCountHint, VkExtent2D desiredExtent,
-                    Optional<Int> swapInterval);
+                    Uint32 presentQueueFamily, Uint32 minImageCountHint, Uint32 extraImageCount,
+                    VkExtent2D desiredExtent, Optional<Int> swapInterval);
        void Shutdown(VkDevice device);
        // Tells the frontend (or, under a transport, the client) the default framebuffer's size
        // and formats. Create does this; a renderer switching between surfaces repeats it.
@@ -97,12 +95,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        void CreateImageViews(VkDevice device);
        void CreateDepthStencilResources(VkDevice device, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice);
        void DestroyDepthStencilResources(VkDevice device);
-        static constexpr VkPresentModeKHR s_desiredPresentModes[] {
-            VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR,
-            VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR,
-            VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR,
-            VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR
-        };
+        static constexpr VkPresentModeKHR s_desiredPresentModes[]{
+            VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR, VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR, VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR,
+            VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR};

        VkSwapchainKHR m_swapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        VkPresentModeKHR m_presentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/UniformDescriptorBinder.h
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/UniformManager.h
 // Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
 // Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
 //   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #pragma once

 #include "ProgramFactory.h"
+#include "RenderPassGuard.h"
 #include "MagmaProgramSource.h"
 #include "VkBufferManager.h"
 #include "VkSamplerManager.h"
@@ -22,21 +23,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_State::GLState {
    class ITextureObject;
    class ProgramObject;
    class SamplerObject;
-}
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_State::GLState

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    class UniformManager {
    public:
-        struct SamplerBindingOverride {
-            Uint32 binding = 0;
-            Uint32 element = 0;
-            MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture = nullptr;
-            const MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject* sampler = nullptr;
-            VkImageView imageView = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            VkImageLayout imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
-            Bool forceNearestFiltering = false;
-        };
-
        struct SamplerImageFeedbackBinding {
            Uint32 samplerBinding = 0;
            Uint32 samplerElement = 0;
@@ -49,14 +40,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // an unbound texel-buffer binding has to be built from a format the DEVICE accepts as a
        // texel buffer, and there is no other route to that answer from here.
        Bool Initialize(VkDevice device, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, VkBufferManager* bufferManager,
-                        ProgramFactory* programFactory,
-                        VkDeviceSize minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment, Uint32 frameCount,
-                        Uint32 maxBindings = 16, Uint32 setsPerFrame = 64,
-                        VkTextureManager* textureManager = nullptr, VkSamplerManager* samplerManager = nullptr);
+                        ProgramFactory* programFactory, VkDeviceSize minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment, Uint32 frameCount,
+                        Uint32 maxBindings = 16, Uint32 setsPerFrame = 64, VkTextureManager* textureManager = nullptr,
+                        VkSamplerManager* samplerManager = nullptr);
        void Shutdown();

        void BeginFrame(Uint32 frameIndex);
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        // A present-less wire frame may run arbitrarily many draws. Before its
        // descriptor cursor reaches this budget, the renderer retires the
        // submission that last used the sets and rewinds every layout cursor.
@@ -74,10 +63,13 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // store inside one pass reading zero, nor privacy past kWirePrivateStoragePlaceholderCap
        // placeholders (CONTRACT-P7 §12). Called after Initialize.
        void SetWireInvalidStorageImageArm(Bool deviceNullDescriptor);
-#endif
        // A command buffer (re)began recording: descriptor bindings recorded into
        // the previous buffer do not carry over, so drop the bind-dedup shadow.
        void OnCommandBufferBoundary() { m_lastBindValid = false; }
+        // The image-write epoch the last full memory barrier made visible (see m_wireImageBarrierEpoch),
+        // and the note a caller that just recorded that same barrier makes.
+        Uint64 WireImageBarrierEpoch() const { return m_wireImageBarrierEpoch; }
+        void NoteWireImageBarrier() const { m_wireImageBarrierEpoch = WireImageWriteEpoch(); }
        // A ProgramFactory eviction just destroyed this layout: purge every frame
        // slot's cached descriptor sets for it, so a recycled handle value can never
        // stale-hit sets written for the dead layout's bindings. The sets are
@@ -102,48 +94,16 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            Uint64 textureLifetimeId = 0;
            Uint64 samplerLifetimeId = 0;
        };
-        Bool CollectSampledTextures(const MagmaProgramSource& program,
-                                    const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj,
-                                    Vector<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject*>& outTextures,
-                                    Vector<SampledBindingRecord>* outBindingRecords = nullptr);
-        // Shadow-compare for the SetupDraw fast path: re-runs the CollectSampledTextures
-        // walk and reports whether every visited binding still resolves to the recorded
-        // (texture, effective sampler) pair. A texture bind generation bump alone (e.g. a
-        // redundant glBindSampler, which always bumps it) does not prove the sampled set
-        // moved; this walk does, without rebuilding the set or falling off the fast path.
-        Bool SampledBindingsUnchanged(const MagmaProgramSource& program,
-                                      const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj,
-                                      const Vector<SampledBindingRecord>& previousRecords) const;
-        Bool CollectStorageImageTextures(const MagmaProgramSource& program,
-                                         const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj,
-                                         Vector<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject*>& outTextures) const;
-        Bool CollectSamplerImageFeedback(
-            const MagmaProgramSource& program,
-            const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj,
-            Vector<SamplerImageFeedbackBinding>& outBindings) const;
-        static Bool SamplerOverlapsWritableImageSubresource(Int samplerBaseLevel, Int samplerMaxLevel,
-                                                             GLint imageLevel, GLenum imageAccess);
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
+        static Bool SamplerOverlapsWritableImageSubresource(Int samplerBaseLevel, Int samplerMaxLevel, GLint imageLevel,
+                                                            GLenum imageAccess);
        // Resolve lazy texture uploads/promotions before the caller captures the
        // command buffer passed to BindProgramUniformBuffers. Preparation may
        // submit older work, but descriptor recording must never rotate it.
        Bool PrepareWireTextureResources(const MagmaProgramSource& program,
-                                          const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj);
-#endif
-        // samplerDescriptorsUnchangedHint: the caller (SetupDraw fast path) proved that
-        // every input of every combined-image-sampler resolution is unchanged since the
-        // previous draw's resolve - same (texture, sampler) per binding, texture params
-        // sum, sampling-resolution generation (sampler params + texture shape), image
-        // epochs AND per-resource layout values - so the per-binding cached
-        // VkDescriptorImageInfo may be reused without re-running the resolve chain.
-        Bool BindProgramUniformBuffers(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer,
-                                       const MagmaProgramSource& program,
-                                       const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj,
-                                       Uint32 frameIndex,
-                                       VkPipelineBindPoint bindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
-                                       const SamplerBindingOverride* samplerBindingOverride = nullptr,
-                                       Bool samplerDescriptorsUnchangedHint = false,
-                                       const Vector<SamplerBindingOverride>* samplerBindingOverrides = nullptr);
+                                         const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj);
+        Bool BindProgramUniformBuffers(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, const MagmaProgramSource& program,
+                                       const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj, Uint32 frameIndex,
+                                       VkPipelineBindPoint bindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS);

        // Pure format-policy helper kept public for host regression tests. Formatted storage
        // images use their shader qualifier; transformed float images use glBindImageTexture's
@@ -151,16 +111,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        static VkFormat ResolveStorageImageViewFormat(VkFormat reflectedFormat, GLenum bindingFormat,
                                                      VkFormat resourceFormat, Bool useBindingFormat);

-        // True when the program reads at least one sampler and every one of them is bound to a
-        // texture whose GL level range is a single level. Such a sampler resolves to
-        // minLod = maxLod = 0 (see VkSamplerManager::GetOrCreateSampler), so an implicit-LOD sample
-        // and an explicit LOD 0 sample must read the same texel - which is what makes the
-        // ExplicitLod0Sampling SPIR-V rewrite safe to request. Deliberately conservative: it reads
-        // only GL state, so a texture that ends up single-level for another reason (one uploaded
-        // level under a wide level range) merely misses the rewrite.
-        static Bool ProgramSamplesOnlySingleLevelTextures(const MagmaProgramSource& program,
-                                                          const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj);
-
        // ---- per-frame descriptor pools ----------------------------------------------------
        // Each frame slot owns a list of pools. The first is the base pool (non-update-after-bind,
        // setsPerFrame sets) and is never destroyed while the manager lives; every later one was
@@ -201,7 +151,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        DescriptorPoolCensus GetDescriptorPoolCensus() const;

    private:
-
        // A cached descriptor set together with the pool it was allocated from, so a
        // layout-destroyed purge can vkFreeDescriptorSets it back and credit the
        // owning bucket's accounting.
@@ -215,7 +164,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            Uint32 cursor = 0;
        };

-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        // ResolveWireImageDescriptor emits no pNext chain. Key every view-create
        // value explicitly: hash collisions must never alias different windows,
        // formats or swizzles. The root handle and allocation epoch also prevent
@@ -236,8 +184,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                       components.r == other.components.r && components.g == other.components.g &&
                       components.b == other.components.b && components.a == other.components.a &&
                       range.aspectMask == other.range.aspectMask && range.baseMipLevel == other.range.baseMipLevel &&
-                       range.levelCount == other.range.levelCount && range.baseArrayLayer == other.range.baseArrayLayer &&
-                       range.layerCount == other.range.layerCount;
+                       range.levelCount == other.range.levelCount &&
+                       range.baseArrayLayer == other.range.baseArrayLayer && range.layerCount == other.range.layerCount;
            }
        };

@@ -270,10 +218,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // (GL 4.6 core 8.26); UNDEFINED keeps the numeric-domain R32 default. `unit` is the image
        // unit of a storage binding (what its private placeholder is private to); unused for a sampler.
        Bool ResolveWirePlaceholderImage(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, const MagmaProgramSource& program,
-            const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj, Uint32 binding, Bool storage,
-            VkDescriptorImageInfo& out, VkFormat boundStorageFormat = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED, Uint32 unit = ~0u) const;
+                                         const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj, Uint32 binding,
+                                         Bool storage, VkDescriptorImageInfo& out,
+                                         VkFormat boundStorageFormat = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED, Uint32 unit = ~0u) const;
        void DestroyWirePlaceholderImage(WirePlaceholderImage& image) const;
-#endif

        // descriptorSetCacheByLayout is the per-frame set cache: BeginFrame rewinds every cursor, so
        // a slot re-writes the sets it allocated in earlier frames instead of allocating new ones, and
@@ -283,12 +231,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            Vector<DescriptorPoolBucket> descriptorPools;
            UnorderedMap<VkDescriptorSetLayout, DescriptorSetCacheEntry> descriptorSetCacheByLayout;
            Vector<VkBufferView> texelBufferViews;
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
            mutable Vector<VkImageView> wireImageViews;
            // Own views in the vector above until this slot's fence/idle proof.
            // Cache hits preserve the handle, enabling descriptor-content reuse.
            mutable UnorderedMap<WireImageViewKey, VkImageView, WireImageViewKeyHash> wireImageViewCache;
-#endif
            Uint32 activeDescriptorPoolIndex = 0;
            Uint32 allocatedSetsThisFrame = 0;
            Uint32 peakAllocatedSetsThisFrame = 0;
@@ -298,36 +244,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            Uint32 quietEpochs = 0;
        };

-        static Bool ResolveSamplerTexture(const MagmaProgramSource& program,
-                                   const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj, Uint32 binding,
-                                   SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& outTexture);
-        // Shared per-binding resolution for CollectSampledTextures and
-        // SampledBindingsUnchanged, so membership and comparison can never diverge:
-        // texture after the fallback substitution (may still be null when no fallback
-        // exists), effective sampler = unit override else the texture's own sampler.
-        // False = the binding is skipped (unbound with a non-2D fallback target).
-        // `element` indexes a sampler array inside the binding; see ResolveSamplerDescriptor.
-        Bool ResolveSampledBinding(const MagmaProgramSource& program,
-                                   const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj, Uint32 binding, Uint32 element,
-                                   MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject*& outTexture,
-                                   const MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject*& outSampler) const;
-        // Raw-pointer variant for the per-draw sampled-texture walk (CollectSampledTextures):
-        // the bound texture stays alive through the draw via GL binding state, so callers that
-        // only need the pointer skip the SharedPtr copy's atomic refcount churn.
-        static MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* ResolveSamplerTextureRaw(
-            const MagmaProgramSource& program,
-            const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj, Uint32 binding, Uint32 element);
-        // `numericDomain` is the sampler's class, and it matters only for the multisample arm -
-        // see GetFallbackMultisampleTexture for why the single-sampled fallback can ignore it.
-        SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> GetFallbackTexture(
-            TextureTarget target, SamplerNumericDomain numericDomain) const;
-        // The multisample arm of GetFallbackTexture. One object per (target, numeric domain) and
-        // no upload path: a multisample image cannot be written by a transfer, so its texels stay
-        // undefined - which is what GL promises for a texelFetch on an incomplete multisample
-        // texture - and it cannot carry MUTABLE_FORMAT, so its format has to match the sampler's
-        // class outright rather than being reinterpreted at view time.
-        SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> GetFallbackMultisampleTexture(
-            TextureTarget target, SamplerNumericDomain numericDomain) const;
        // ---- placeholders for UNBOUND image-backed descriptors -------------------------
        // GL lets a program declare `samplerBuffer`, `imageBuffer` or `image2D` and bind nothing
        // to the unit it names: the fetch is then undefined (GL 4.6 core 8.9 for an incomplete
@@ -344,44 +260,52 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // class when the device cannot use the declared one as a texel buffer.
        VkBufferView AcquireUnboundTexelBufferView(VkFormat declaredFormat, SamplerNumericDomain numericDomain,
                                                   Bool storage);
-        // A 1x1 (x1 layer, or 6 faces for a cube) texture of `format`, shaped for `target` so the
-        // view the descriptor gets has the view type the shader's image declaration demands.
-        // Null for a target with no single-sampled placeholder shape - multisample images, whose
-        // descriptor needs a multisample view that this cannot stand in for.
-        SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> GetUnboundStorageImageTexture(TextureTarget target,
-                                                                                    VkFormat format) const;
-        // The (target, format) pair a storage-image binding's placeholder is keyed by, resolved
-        // from reflection alone. False when the binding has no placeholder shape.
-        Bool ResolveUnboundStorageImagePlaceholder(const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj, Uint32 binding,
-                                                   TextureTarget& outTarget, VkFormat& outFormat) const;
-        // `element` indexes a sampler ARRAY inside one binding; each element carries its own
-        // independently assigned GL texture unit, so it selects the texture, the sampler
-        // override and the fallback separately from its neighbours.
-        //
-        // trustUnchangedHint: reuse this binding's cached VkDescriptorImageInfo outright
-        // (see BindProgramUniformBuffers' samplerDescriptorsUnchangedHint for the proof
-        // obligations the caller carries). The cache is keyed by binding alone, so it is
-        // used ONLY for single-descriptor bindings - see m_samplerResolveMemo.
-        Bool ResolveSamplerDescriptor(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, const MagmaProgramSource& program,
-                                      const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj, Uint32 binding,
-                                      Uint32 element, VkDescriptorImageInfo& outImageInfo,
-                                      Bool trustUnchangedHint = false) const;
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        Bool ResolveWireImageDescriptor(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, const MagmaProgramSource& program,
-                                       const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj, Uint32 binding,
-                                       Uint32 element, Bool storage, VkDescriptorImageInfo& out) const;
+                                        const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj, Uint32 binding,
+                                        Uint32 element, Bool storage, VkDescriptorImageInfo& out,
+                                        VkTextureManager::TextureResource** outResource = nullptr) const;
+        // P14: THE WIRE DESCRIPTOR REBIND. A draw whose image descriptors cannot have changed since
+        // the last full resolve of the same program in the same frame - same applier context, same
+        // unit / sampler / image / buffer-binding serials, same texture shutter, no texture image
+        // re-created or erased, no sampler destroyed, every sampled image still in GENERAL and no
+        // image write awaiting its barrier - re-resolves only its buffer descriptors (the UBO
+        // dynamic offsets move every draw) and, when those name the same buffers and ranges,
+        // rebinds the set it already has. Anything else, or any program with a texel buffer, storage
+        // image or placeholder descriptor, takes the full resolve.
+        struct WireDescriptorRebind {
+            Bool valid = false;
+            Uint32 frameIndex = 0;
+            VkPipelineBindPoint bindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
+            Uint64 programHash = 0;
+            VkDescriptorSetLayout layout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle programHandle = MG_Pipe::kMGPipeNullHandle;
+            Uint64 programSerial = 0, programBindingsSerial = 0;
+            Uint64 contextSerial = 0, samplerViewsSerial = 0, samplerStatesSerial = 0, shaderImagesSerial = 0;
+            Uint64 shaderBuffersSerial = 0, textureShutterSerial = 0;
+            Uint64 storeDestroyEpoch = 0, textureImageEpoch = 0, resourceEraseEpoch = 0;
+            Uint64 samplerDestroyEpoch = 0, samplerFrameBoundary = 0;
+            VkDescriptorSet set = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            Vector<VkTextureManager::TextureResource*> sampledResources;
+            // The buffer descriptors in walk order: dynamic UBOs with offset 0 (their offset is the
+            // dynamic one), storage buffers whole.
+            Vector<VkDescriptorBufferInfo> bufferInfos;
+        };
+        WireDescriptorRebind m_wireDescriptorRebind;
+        Vector<VkDescriptorBufferInfo> m_wireRebindBufferScratch;
+        Vector<VkTextureManager::TextureResource*> m_wireRebindResourcesScratch;
+        Bool TryRebindWireDescriptorSet(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, const MagmaProgramSource& program,
+                                        const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj, Uint32 frameIndex,
+                                        VkPipelineBindPoint bindPoint);
        Bool ResolveWireTexelBufferDescriptor(const MagmaProgramSource& program,
-                                             const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj, Uint32 binding,
-                                             Uint32 frameIndex, Bool storage, VkBufferView& out);
+                                              const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj, Uint32 binding,
+                                              Uint32 frameIndex, Bool storage, VkBufferView& out);
        Uint32 m_wireFrameIndex = 0;
        VkDeviceSize m_wireStorageOffsetAlignment = 1;
        VkDeviceSize m_wireTexelOffsetAlignment = 1;
        VkDeviceSize m_wireMaxUniformRange = ~VkDeviceSize{0};
        VkDeviceSize m_wireMaxStorageRange = ~VkDeviceSize{0};
        Uint32 m_wireMaxTexelElements = ~Uint32{0};
-#endif
-        Bool ResolveSamplerDescriptorOverride(const SamplerBindingOverride& samplerBindingOverride,
-                                              VkDescriptorImageInfo& outImageInfo) const;
        Bool ResolveTexelBufferDescriptor(const MagmaProgramSource& program,
                                          const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj, Uint32 binding,
                                          Uint32 frameIndex, VkBufferView& outBufferView);
@@ -401,8 +325,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                                            Uint32 element, VkDescriptorBufferInfo& outBufferInfo) const;
        // `element` indexes an image ARRAY inside one binding; each element carries its own
        // independently assigned GL image unit.
-        Bool ResolveStorageImageDescriptor(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer,
-                                           const MagmaProgramSource& program,
+        Bool ResolveStorageImageDescriptor(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, const MagmaProgramSource& program,
                                           const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj, Uint32 binding,
                                           Uint32 element, VkDescriptorImageInfo& outImageInfo) const;
        // Result of resolving a UBO binding: either a zero-copy direct bind to the app's resident
@@ -415,10 +338,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            const void* payload = nullptr;  // fallback UploadTransient path
            VkDeviceSize payloadSize = 0;
        };
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
-        Bool ResolveWireUniformBufferPayload(const MagmaProgramSource& program, Uint32 blockIndex,
-                                             Uint32 bindingPoint, UboBindResult& out) const;
-#endif
+        Bool ResolveWireUniformBufferPayload(const MagmaProgramSource& program, Uint32 blockIndex, Uint32 bindingPoint,
+                                             UboBindResult& out) const;
        Bool ResolveUniformBufferPayload(const MagmaProgramSource& program,
                                         const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj, Uint32 binding,
                                         Uint32 arrayElement, UboBindResult& out) const;
@@ -461,10 +382,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        void TrimFrameDescriptorPools(FrameResources& frame, Uint32 frameIndex);
        // Drops every handle this class holds to a descriptor set outside the per-layout caches.
        void InvalidateDescriptorSetMemos();
-        VkResult AllocateDescriptorSetsFromActivePool(
-            Uint32 frameIndex, const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj, VkDescriptorSet& outDescriptorSet);
-        VkResult AcquireDescriptorSet(Uint32 frameIndex,
-                                      const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj,
+        VkResult AllocateDescriptorSetsFromActivePool(Uint32 frameIndex,
+                                                      const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj,
+                                                      VkDescriptorSet& outDescriptorSet);
+        VkResult AcquireDescriptorSet(Uint32 frameIndex, const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj,
                                      VkDescriptorSet& outDescriptorSet);

        VkDevice m_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
@@ -487,19 +408,14 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        Uint64 m_descriptorSlotTrims = 0;
        VkTextureManager* m_textureManager = nullptr;
        VkSamplerManager* m_samplerManager = nullptr;
-        mutable SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> m_fallbackTexture2D;
-        // Keyed by (arrayed, numeric domain); see GetFallbackMultisampleTexture. Lazily populated,
-        // never evicted - at most six tiny 1x1 images - and torn down with the manager.
-        mutable UnorderedMap<Uint32, SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>> m_fallbackMultisampleTextures;
-        // See AcquireUnboundTexelBufferView / GetUnboundStorageImageTexture. Both are lazily
-        // populated, never evicted (a program's declared formats are a fixed, tiny set) and torn
-        // down with the manager. The texel views are keyed by format AND by storage-vs-sampled
+        // See AcquireUnboundTexelBufferView. Lazily populated, never evicted (a program's declared
+        // formats are a fixed, tiny set) and torn down with the manager. The texel views are keyed
+        // by format AND by storage-vs-sampled
        // because the two descriptor kinds demand different format FEATURES of the device, so one
        // format can be usable for one and not the other. Deliberately NOT the per-frame
        // texelBufferViews list: those are destroyed at every frame boundary, and these must
        // outlive it or the placeholder would be rebuilt for every unbound binding every frame.
        UnorderedMap<Uint64, VkBufferView> m_unboundTexelBufferViews;
-        mutable UnorderedMap<Uint64, SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>> m_unboundStorageImageTextures;

        // Per-draw scratch buffers for BindProgramUniformBuffers: reused (clear keeps
        // capacity) so the descriptor-write path stops allocating on every draw.
@@ -526,49 +442,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        DescriptorReuseEntry m_descriptorReuseMemo[kDescriptorReuseMemoSize];
        Uint32 m_descriptorReuseMemoNext = 0;

-        // Dynamic-offset-only rebind (see BindProgramUniformBuffers): records the
-        // descriptor set selected by the last cacheable full walk of a program
-        // whose active bindings are exactly one dynamic UBO (single descriptor)
-        // plus combined-image samplers. When the next call proves every sampler
-        // descriptor input unchanged (samplerDescriptorsUnchangedHint) and the
-        // UBO re-resolves to the SAME VkBuffer+range - only the dynamic offset
-        // moved, the per-draw glUniform case - the walk collapses to: resolve one
-        // offset, rebind the recorded set with new pDynamicOffsets (Vulkan allows
-        // rebinding the same set with different dynamic offsets).
-        // Invalidation inventory: BeginFrame clears it (the frame's sets are
-        // recycled) and the frameIndex field guards cross-frame confusion on top;
-        // OnDescriptorSetLayoutDestroyed clears it (the set may be freed); a
-        // sampler-override walk clears it (mirrors m_descriptorReuseMemo); a
-        // program relink bumps the backend state version and thus programObj.hash
-        // so the key misses; the program lifetime id is never reused, so a
-        // deleted-and-recreated program misses; a texture/sampler/binding change
-        // drops the hint upstream; an arena wrap or growth resolves a different
-        // VkBuffer and misses. AcquireDescriptorSet's per-frame cursor only
-        // advances, so the recorded set is never re-written within its frame.
-        // P7 M2 round 2 (ID-P7-43): a WIRE store can die MID-FRAME on the reclaim
-        // path (VkBufferManager::DeferredWireRelease), and the next mint can hand
-        // its VkBuffer handle value back - a heap pointer under lavapipe - so "the
-        // same VkBuffer+range" is no longer proof of the same store. The memo
-        // therefore records VkBufferManager::GetWireStoreDestroyEpoch() and misses
-        // once any wire store has been destroyed since; the descriptor-reuse
-        // signature below folds the same epoch in. On the wire arm this memo is
-        // never consulted (SetupWireDraw passes no sampler hint), so the field is
-        // the defensive half; the signature is the half the wire arm reaches.
-        struct FastRebindMemo {
-            Bool valid = false;
-            Uint32 frameIndex = 0;
-            Uint64 programLifetimeId = 0;
-            ProgramFactory::HashType programHash = 0;
-            Uint32 uboBinding = 0;
-            VkBuffer uboBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            VkDeviceSize uboRange = 0;
-            VkDescriptorSet set = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
-            Uint64 wireStoreDestroyEpoch = 0;
-#endif
-        };
-        FastRebindMemo m_fastRebindMemo;
-
        // vkCmdBindDescriptorSets dedup: consecutive draws with a static uniform
        // block resolve to the same set AND the same dynamic offsets, so the
        // driver call can be skipped outright. Command-buffer-scope state; reset
@@ -660,7 +533,26 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                m_samplerResolveMemoHighWater = binding + 1;
            }
        }
-        // WireImageWriteEpoch() when ResolveWireImageDescriptor last made image writes visible.
+        // WireImageWriteEpoch() when ResolveWireImageDescriptor, or a new draw pass's attachment
+        // barrier (VulkanRenderer::TransitionWireImage), last made image writes visible.
        mutable Uint64 m_wireImageBarrierEpoch = 0;
+        // P14: the wire arm's sampler memo, one entry per texture unit. The sampler a unit resolves
+        // to is a function of the sampler CSO it names (immutable for a {slot, gen, Serial} within
+        // one applier - ContextSerial tells appliers apart), the texture's format, the numeric
+        // domain and the view's level count. A hit skips the parameter hash and the cache map; it
+        // is taken only while the sampler manager has destroyed nothing (DestroyEpoch) and only
+        // within the frame boundary of the last real lookup, so every used entry is still stamped
+        // once per frame and the idle sweep can never retire a sampler this memo hands out.
+        struct WireSamplerMemo {
+            Bool valid = false;
+            Uint32 slot = 0, gen = 0;
+            Uint64 serial = 0, contextSerial = 0;
+            Uint32 format = 0, viewLevelCount = 0;
+            Bool forceNearest = false;
+            Uint64 frameBoundary = 0, destroyEpoch = 0;
+            VkSampler sampler = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        };
+        static constexpr SizeT kWireSamplerMemoUnits = 192; // MG_Pipe::kMGPipeMaxTextureUnits
+        mutable Array<WireSamplerMemo, kWireSamplerMemoUnits> m_wireSamplerMemo{};
    };
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        m_state.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = nullptr;
    }

-    VertexInputStateBuilder& VertexInputStateBuilder::AddBinding(
-        Uint32 binding, Uint32 stride, VkVertexInputRate inputRate) {
+    VertexInputStateBuilder& VertexInputStateBuilder::AddBinding(Uint32 binding, Uint32 stride,
+                                                                 VkVertexInputRate inputRate) {
        VkVertexInputBindingDescription desc{};
        desc.binding = binding;
        desc.stride = stride;
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        return *this;
    }

-    VertexInputStateBuilder& VertexInputStateBuilder::AddAttribute(
-        Uint32 location, Uint32 binding, VkFormat format, Uint32 offset) {
+    VertexInputStateBuilder& VertexInputStateBuilder::AddAttribute(Uint32 location, Uint32 binding, VkFormat format,
+                                                                   Uint32 offset) {
        VkVertexInputAttributeDescription desc{};
        desc.location = location;
        desc.binding = binding;
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        VertexInputStateBuilder();

        void Reset();
-        VertexInputStateBuilder& AddBinding(
-            Uint32 binding, Uint32 stride, VkVertexInputRate inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX);
+        VertexInputStateBuilder& AddBinding(Uint32 binding, Uint32 stride,
+                                            VkVertexInputRate inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX);
        VertexInputStateBuilder& AddAttribute(Uint32 location, Uint32 binding, VkFormat format, Uint32 offset);

        const VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo& Build();
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 // End of Source File Header

 #include "VertexInputStateFactory.h"
+#include <MG_Backend/Record/ApplyRoleBackend.h>
 #include "MagmaPipeArms.h"
 #include "MG_Util/Converters/MGToStr/DataTypeConverter.h"
 #include <MG_Backend/BackendObjects.h>
@@ -17,428 +18,69 @@
 #include <utility>

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
-    VertexInputStateFactory::HashType VertexInputStateFactory::ComputeHash(
-        const MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject& vao) const {
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_reset(m_hashState, m_config.CacheVersion));
+    namespace {
+        struct WireVertexInputMemo {
+            struct Key {
+                Uint64 Offset;
+                Uint32 Stride;
+                Uint32 Divisor;
+            };
+            Bool Valid = false;
+            Uint64 ContentSerial = 0;
+            Uint32 ActiveMask = 0;
+            Uint32 Start = 0;
+            Uint32 Count = 0;
+            Uint32 KeyCount = 0;
+            Array<Key, MG_Pipe::kMGPipeMaxVertexAttribs> Keys{};
+            VertexInputStateFactory::BackendVertexInputState State;
+        };
+    } // namespace

-        for (Int i = 0; i < MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject::MAX_VERTEX_ATTRIBS; ++i) {
-            const auto& attr = vao.GetAttribute(i);
-
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attr.Enabled, sizeof(attr.Enabled)));
-            if (!attr.Enabled) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attr.Size, sizeof(attr.Size)));
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attr.Type, sizeof(attr.Type)));
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attr.Normalized, sizeof(attr.Normalized)));
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attr.Stride, sizeof(attr.Stride)));
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attr.Offset, sizeof(attr.Offset)));
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attr.IsInteger, sizeof(attr.IsInteger)));
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attr.IsLong, sizeof(attr.IsLong)));
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attr.IsBgra, sizeof(attr.IsBgra)));
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attr.Divisor, sizeof(attr.Divisor)));
-
-            // The bound buffer's IDENTITY is a component of the key, and it has to be the
-            // buffer's never-reused lifetime id - NOT its heap address, which this used to
-            // hash. An address is recycled by the allocator, so a deleted-and-recreated
-            // buffer reproduces it; combined with a byte-identical attribute layout that
-            // reproduces the WHOLE content hash, and the hash is what
-            // TryBindResolvedVertexBindings accepts as proof that a memoised binding still
-            // reads the buffer it was resolved from. It did not: a destroyed buffer's GPU
-            // slice was bound for its successor's draw, which is how a transform-feedback
-            // capture came back holding a dead VAO's vertex data (0,0,0,1 - the previous
-            // test's positions) instead of its own.
-            // Zero for client memory (no buffer), which is a distinct identity of its own.
-            //
-            // P2 D12.4 / ARCHITECTURE.md 9.5: under the handle arm the identity is the
-            // buffer's {slot, gen} rather than its lifetime id - "lifetimeId -> gen mixed
-            // into every server-side content hash". The two are equally ABA-proof (the
-            // allocator maps one onto the other and bumps Gen only on slot REUSE); what
-            // changes is that the key is now the identity the SERVER will be handed once
-            // buffers travel as handles, instead of a number only the client can mint.
-            Uint64 bufferKey = attr.Buffer ? attr.Buffer->GetLifetimeId() : 0;
-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH
-            if (attr.Buffer) {
-                // The SAME arm question the other four re-keyed sites ask, through the same
-                // helper: a site that decided for itself could silently key on the pre-handle
-                // identity while its neighbours keyed on the handle.
-                if (MagmaPipeTrackHArmIsHandles(MG_Pipe::kMGPipeSubsystemMagmaVertexInput)) {
-                    const MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle =
-                        m_identity->HandleOf(MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::Buffer, attr.Buffer->GetLifetimeId());
-                    bufferKey = static_cast<Uint64>(handle.Slot) | (static_cast<Uint64>(handle.Gen) << 32);
-                }
-                if (MagmaPipeAbaControlDefeatsIdentity()) {
-                    // Negative control C (P2 brief D18), on WHICHEVER arm this run is on - the
-                    // pre-handle lifetime id and the handle's {slot, gen} are the same guard
-                    // wearing two hats, and a control that defeated only the retired one would
-                    // say nothing about the key P2 ships.
-                    //
-                    // The identity is replaced by a constant rather than by the raw
-                    // BufferObject*, because the address is not recycled in practice and so
-                    // never collides (see MagmaPipeAbaControlDefeatsIdentity). Zero is what a
-                    // key with NO buffer identity in it looks like - the exact defect this
-                    // hash was fixed for: "the hash is what TryBindResolvedVertexBindings
-                    // accepts as proof that a memoised binding still reads the buffer it was
-                    // resolved from", and with the identity gone it accepts a binding resolved
-                    // from a different buffer. HandleRecycleScenario.AbaControl then draws a
-                    // replacement VAO and gets its dead predecessor's vertex data.
-                    bufferKey = 0;
-                }
-            }
-#endif
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &bufferKey, sizeof(bufferKey)));
+    const VertexInputStateFactory::BackendVertexInputState* VertexInputStateFactory::ResolveWireVertexInput(
+        const MG_Pipe::MGPipeVertexElementsRecord& elements, const MG_Pipe::MGPipeApplierState& state,
+        Uint32 activeMask) const {
+        auto* memo = static_cast<WireVertexInputMemo*>(elements.BackendMemo.get());
+        if (memo == nullptr) {
+            auto created = std::make_shared<WireVertexInputMemo>();
+            memo = created.get();
+            elements.BackendMemo = Move(created);
        }
-
-        return XXH64_digest(m_hashState);
+        // The window first: a location outside it is BuildWireVertexInput's refusal, and the
+        // keys below index the window.
+        Bool hit = memo->Valid && memo->ContentSerial == elements.ContentSerial && memo->ActiveMask == activeMask &&
+                   memo->Start == state.VertexBufferStart && memo->Count == state.VertexBufferCount;
+        if (hit) {
+            Uint32 n = 0;
+            for (Uint32 location = 0; location < elements.AttributeCount && hit; ++location) {
+                if (!elements.Attributes[location].Enabled || !(activeMask & (1u << location))) continue;
+                const auto& buffer = state.VertexBuffers[location];
+                const auto& key = memo->Keys[n++];
+                hit = key.Offset == buffer.Offset && key.Stride == buffer.Stride && key.Divisor == buffer.Divisor;
+            }
+            if (hit) return &memo->State;
+        }
+        memo->Valid = false;
+        if (!BuildWireVertexInput(elements, state, activeMask, memo->State)) return nullptr;
+        Uint32 n = 0;
+        for (Uint32 location = 0; location < elements.AttributeCount; ++location) {
+            if (!elements.Attributes[location].Enabled || !(activeMask & (1u << location))) continue;
+            const auto& buffer = state.VertexBuffers[location];
+            memo->Keys[n++] = {buffer.Offset, buffer.Stride, buffer.Divisor};
+        }
+        memo->KeyCount = n;
+        memo->ContentSerial = elements.ContentSerial;
+        memo->ActiveMask = activeMask;
+        memo->Start = state.VertexBufferStart;
+        memo->Count = state.VertexBufferCount;
+        memo->Valid = true;
+        return &memo->State;
    }

-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH
-    VertexInputStateFactory::VaoBackendMemos& VertexInputStateFactory::MemosFor(
-        const MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject& vao) const {
-        const MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle handle =
-            m_identity->HandleOf(MG_Pipe::MGPipeKind::VertexElementsCso, vao.GetLifetimeId());
-        // One entry per mintable slot, grown on demand: the mint has no capacity, so neither
-        // does this, and no two live VAOs can share an entry however large the working set is.
-        // There is no probe in front of it because the mint itself is one - a one-entry memo
-        // hit for every acquisition after this draw's first, and a hash probe otherwise.
-        //
-        // The claim rule - the slot picks the entry, the whole handle (Gen included) decides
-        // whose it is - and negative control C's defeat of it are MagmaPipeArms.h's
-        // MagmaPipeClaimSlotMemos, so that the unit suite which drives a REAL slot reuse
-        // (MG_Test/Pipe/MagmaPipeIdentityTest.cpp) exercises this code and not a copy of it.
-        // What the control defeats HERE is the identity that SELECTS the entry: every VAO
-        // collapses onto one, handed back uncleared, so the replacement inherits the dead
-        // VAO's content hash and its resolved-entry pointer. The GENERATION half is the unit
-        // suite's business, for the reason MagmaPipeAbaControlDefeatsIdentity spells out.
-        return MagmaPipeClaimSlotMemos(m_vaoMemos, handle);
-    }
-#endif
-
-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH
-    Bool VertexInputStateFactory::TryGetMemoizedHash(const MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject& vao,
-                                                     Uint64& outHash) const {
-        if (MagmaPipeTrackHArmIsHandles(MG_Pipe::kMGPipeSubsystemMagmaVertexInput)) {
-            const VaoBackendMemos& memos = MemosFor(vao);
-            if (memos.HashConfigVersion != vao.GetConfigVersion()) return false;
-            outHash = memos.Hash;
-            return true;
-        }
-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS
-        return vao.GetBackendHashMemo(outHash);
-#else
-        return false;
-#endif
-    }
-#endif
-
-    VertexInputStateFactory::HashType VertexInputStateFactory::GetOrComputeHash(
-        const MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject& vao) const {
-        HashType hash = 0;
-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH
-        // P2 D12.5: the same memo, on the backend's side of the boundary.
-        if (MagmaPipeTrackHArmIsHandles(MG_Pipe::kMGPipeSubsystemMagmaVertexInput)) {
-            VaoBackendMemos& memos = MemosFor(vao);
-            if (memos.HashConfigVersion == vao.GetConfigVersion()) {
-                return memos.Hash;
-            }
-            hash = ComputeHash(vao);
-            memos.Hash = hash;
-            memos.HashConfigVersion = vao.GetConfigVersion();
-            return hash;
-        }
-#endif
-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS
-        if (!vao.GetBackendHashMemo(hash)) {
-            hash = ComputeHash(vao);
-            vao.SetBackendHashMemo(hash);
-        }
-#endif
-        return hash;
-    }
-
-    const VertexInputStateFactory::BackendVertexInputState& VertexInputStateFactory::GetOrCreateVertexInputState(
-        const MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject& vao) {
-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH
-        // P2 D12.5: the same per-draw fast path, but the resolved-entry pointer lives in this
-        // factory's slot-indexed table instead of on the frontend VAO. The eviction epoch
-        // survives the move and is still what stops a stale pointer being dereferenced: the
-        // POINTEE is a cache entry this factory can erase at a frame boundary, and moving the
-        // memo does not change that.
-        if (MagmaPipeTrackHArmIsHandles(MG_Pipe::kMGPipeSubsystemMagmaVertexInput)) {
-            VaoBackendMemos& memos = MemosFor(vao);
-            if (memos.StateConfigVersion == vao.GetConfigVersion() && memos.State != nullptr &&
-                memos.StateEpoch == m_evictionEpoch) {
-                const auto* memoEntry = static_cast<const BackendVertexInputState*>(memos.State);
-                memoEntry->lastUsedFrameBoundary = m_frameBoundaryCounter;
-                return *memoEntry;
-            }
-            const BackendVertexInputState& resolved =
-                GetOrCreateVertexInputState(vao, GetOrComputeHash(vao));
-            // MemosFor is re-taken rather than kept live across GetOrCreateVertexInputState:
-            // the reference is not worth holding across a call that can resize the table.
-            VaoBackendMemos& stamp = MemosFor(vao);
-            stamp.State = &resolved;
-            stamp.StateEpoch = m_evictionEpoch;
-            stamp.StateConfigVersion = vao.GetConfigVersion();
-            // The AUX memo is deliberately NOT stamped here: its two words already live in
-            // VulkanRenderer::VaoDrawMemo (layoutHash / layoutAuxMasks) and its getter has no
-            // live reader anywhere, so the handle arm retires it rather than moving it.
-            return resolved;
-        }
-#endif
-#if !MOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS
-        // Unreachable: with no legacy arm compiled MagmaPipeTrackHArmIsHandles is a compile-
-        // time true, so the handle arm above always returns. Written out rather than left to
-        // fall off the end so the function still has a return on every path a compiler sees.
-        return GetOrCreateVertexInputState(vao, GetOrComputeHash(vao));
-#else
-        // Per-draw fast path: the VAO carries a pointer to its resolved entry,
-        // valid while its config version and the cache's eviction epoch both
-        // match - no re-hash, no map lookup.
-        const void* memoState = nullptr;
-        Uint64 memoEpoch = 0;
-        if (vao.GetBackendStateMemo(memoState, memoEpoch) && memoEpoch == m_evictionEpoch) {
-            const auto* entry = static_cast<const BackendVertexInputState*>(memoState);
-            entry->lastUsedFrameBoundary = m_frameBoundaryCounter;
-            return *entry;
-        }
-        const BackendVertexInputState& entry = GetOrCreateVertexInputState(vao, GetOrComputeHash(vao));
-        vao.SetBackendStateMemo(&entry, m_evictionEpoch);
-        // Also mirror the layout identity and the two per-draw masks into the VAO's aux
-        // memo (pure VALUES derived from the VAO configuration, so config-version
-        // guarding alone is sound). The draw fast path reads them from the VAO object it
-        // already touched instead of chasing into this entry - see PackVertexInputAuxMemo.
-        vao.SetBackendAuxMemo(entry.layoutHash,
-                              PackVertexInputAuxMasks(entry.unsupportedAttribMask, entry.attributeLocationMask));
-        return entry;
-#endif // MOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS
-    }
-
-    const VertexInputStateFactory::BackendVertexInputState& VertexInputStateFactory::GetOrCreateVertexInputState(
-        const MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject& vao, HashType hash) {
-        auto it = m_cache.find(hash);
-        if (it != m_cache.end()) {
-            it->second->lastUsedFrameBoundary = m_frameBoundaryCounter;
-            return *it->second;
-        }
-
-        VertexInputStateBuilder builder;
-        Vector<SizeT> bindingBufferKeys;
-        Vector<SizeT> bindingBaseOffsets;
-        Vector<Uint32> bindingAttributeLocations;
-        Vector<Bool> bindingUsesClientMemory;
-        Vector<VertexStreamConversion> bindingConversions;
-        Vector<VkVertexInputBindingDivisorDescriptionEXT> bindingDivisors;
-        Uint32 unsupportedAttribMask = 0;
-
-        for (Uint32 location = 0; location < MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject::MAX_VERTEX_ATTRIBS; ++location) {
-            const auto& attr = vao.GetAttribute(location);
-            if (!attr.Enabled) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            VkFormat sourceVkFormat =
-                ToVkVertexFormat(attr.Type, attr.Size, attr.Normalized, attr.IsInteger, attr.IsBgra, attr.IsLong);
-            VertexStreamConversion conversion = VertexStreamConversion::None;
-            // Gated on the SAME flag ToVkVertexFormat gates its 64-bit path on, and that is
-            // load-bearing rather than belt-and-braces: the narrowing is only correct because the
-            // shader's `dvec` input is a `vec` by the time the pipeline is built, and what
-            // guarantees that is the flag being clear. It is clear on every backend today, and a
-            // program with a 64-bit float vertex input is demoted WHOLE for the same reason even
-            // where the device has native fp64 (ProgramSpirvTask::GenerateSpirv). With the flag
-            // set, a dvec3/dvec4 would be declined by ToVkVertexFormat AND left 64-bit in the
-            // module, so a float32 stream would be fed to a Float64 input.
-            const Bool narrowFloat64Arrays =
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
-                // P5c (hd, CONTRACT-P5C §3.7): with an active transport the answer is the
-                // SERVER's own backend's - the client caps mirror is client memory (rule E).
-                MG_Config::Transport != MG_Config::TransportMode::Monolith
-                    ? (MG_Remote::Server::ServerLoopInstance().Backend() == nullptr ||
-                       !MG_Remote::Server::ServerLoopInstance().Backend()
-                            ->GetDynamicParameters()
-                            .SupportsFloat64VertexAttributes)
-                    :
-#endif
-                MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject == nullptr ||
-                !MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject->GetDynamicParameters().SupportsFloat64VertexAttributes;
-            if (sourceVkFormat == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED && attr.Type == DataType::Float64 && narrowFloat64Arrays) {
-                // No native 64-bit fetch here (see ToVkVertexFormat's Float64 case), but the
-                // source bytes are ordinary IEEE-754 doubles and DemoteFloat64Pass has already
-                // narrowed every dvec input to a vec, so the array is narrowed to match rather
-                // than dropped. Mirrors what DirectGLES does for the same state.
-                const VkFormat narrowedFormat = ToFloat32VertexFormat(attr.Size);
-                if (narrowedFormat != VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED && SupportsVertexBufferFormat(narrowedFormat)) {
-                    sourceVkFormat = narrowedFormat;
-                    conversion = VertexStreamConversion::Float64ToFloat32;
-                    MGLOG_W_ONCE("Vertex attribute location=%u is a 64-bit (GL_DOUBLE) array; fetching it at "
-                            "float32 precision through format=%d (size=%d long=%s)",
-                            location, static_cast<Int>(narrowedFormat), attr.Size, attr.IsLong ? "true" : "false");
-                }
-            }
-            if (sourceVkFormat == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {
-                MGLOG_E_ONCE("Unsupported vertex attribute layout (location=%u, type=%s, size=%d): the array is "
-                        "enabled but cannot be mapped to a VkFormat",
-                        location, MG_Util::ConvertDataTypeToString(attr.Type).c_str(), attr.Size);
-                unsupportedAttribMask |= (1u << location);
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            VkFormat vkFormat = sourceVkFormat;
-            if (conversion == VertexStreamConversion::None && !SupportsVertexBufferFormat(vkFormat)) {
-                if (IsScaledIntegerVertexFormat(vkFormat)) {
-                    const VkFormat fallbackFormat = ToFloat32VertexFormat(attr.Size);
-                    if (fallbackFormat != VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED && SupportsVertexBufferFormat(fallbackFormat)) {
-                        vkFormat = fallbackFormat;
-                        conversion = VertexStreamConversion::ScaledIntegerToFloat32;
-                        MGLOG_W_ONCE("Vertex attribute location=%u format=%d lacks "
-                                "VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT; using float32 stream format=%d "
-                                "(type=%s size=%d normalized=%s integer=%s)",
-                                location, static_cast<Int>(sourceVkFormat), static_cast<Int>(vkFormat),
-                                MG_Util::ConvertDataTypeToString(attr.Type).c_str(), attr.Size,
-                                attr.Normalized ? "true" : "false", attr.IsInteger ? "true" : "false");
-                    }
-                }
-
-                if (conversion == VertexStreamConversion::None) {
-                    MGLOG_E_ONCE("Unsupported Vulkan vertex format (location=%u, format=%d, type=%s, size=%d): "
-                            "VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT is unavailable and no semantic fallback exists",
-                            location, static_cast<Int>(sourceVkFormat),
-                            MG_Util::ConvertDataTypeToString(attr.Type).c_str(), attr.Size);
-                    unsupportedAttribMask |= (1u << location);
-                    continue;
-                }
-            }
-
-            const SizeT attribByteSize = GetAttributeByteSize(attr.Type, attr.Size, attr.IsBgra);
-            if (attribByteSize == 0) {
-                MGLOG_E_ONCE("Vertex attribute with unknown component size (location=%u, type=%s): the array is "
-                        "enabled but cannot be sized",
-                        location, MG_Util::ConvertDataTypeToString(attr.Type).c_str());
-                unsupportedAttribMask |= (1u << location);
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            // Verbatim, zero included. The frontend already resolved a pointer call's
-            // "tightly packed" stride 0 into the element size (see VertexAttribute::Stride),
-            // so a zero here is the binding model's stride 0 - every vertex reads the same
-            // element - which is exactly what a zero VkVertexInputBindingDescription::stride
-            // means. Substituting the element size fetched a fresh element per vertex and ran
-            // off the end of the buffer (KHR-GL43.vertex_attrib_binding.basic-input-case7/8).
-            // Client-memory arrays cannot reach zero: they only exist on the pointer path.
-            const Uint32 sourceStride = static_cast<Uint32>(attr.Stride);
-            const Bool packedAttribute = attr.Type == DataType::Int2101010Rev ||
-                                         attr.Type == DataType::Uint2101010Rev;
-            const SizeT requiredAlignment = packedAttribute ? attribByteSize : GetComponentSize(attr.Type);
-            // For a client-memory array attr.Offset holds the raw client pointer, and the
-            // draw path re-uploads the data to a 16-aligned transient slice with attribute
-            // offset 0, so only the stride can violate Vulkan's fetch alignment there.
-            const Bool clientMemoryAttribute = attr.Buffer == nullptr;
-            if (conversion == VertexStreamConversion::None && requiredAlignment > 1 &&
-                ((sourceStride % requiredAlignment) != 0 ||
-                 (!clientMemoryAttribute && (attr.Offset % requiredAlignment) != 0))) {
-                // GL accepts arbitrary byte strides and offsets. Core Vulkan vertex fetches do not
-                // unless VK_EXT_legacy_vertex_attributes is available, so deinterleave this one
-                // attribute into a tightly packed transient stream without changing its format.
-                conversion = VertexStreamConversion::Repack;
-                MGLOG_W_ONCE("Vertex attribute location=%u uses Vulkan-incompatible alignment "
-                        "(offset=%zu stride=%u required=%zu); using a tightly packed stream",
-                        location, attr.Offset, sourceStride, requiredAlignment);
-            }
-
-            Uint32 stride = sourceStride;
-            // A converted stream is tightly packed, so its stride is the converted element
-            // size - unless the source stride is zero, which does not describe a packing at
-            // all but "never advance". That survives the conversion unchanged: the draw path
-            // converts exactly one element and every vertex reads it.
-            if (sourceStride != 0) {
-                if (conversion == VertexStreamConversion::Repack) {
-                    stride = static_cast<Uint32>(attribByteSize);
-                } else if (conversion == VertexStreamConversion::ScaledIntegerToFloat32 ||
-                           conversion == VertexStreamConversion::Float64ToFloat32) {
-                    stride = static_cast<Uint32>(attr.Size * static_cast<Int>(sizeof(Float)));
-                }
-            }
-            const VkVertexInputRate inputRate =
-                (attr.Divisor == 0) ? VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX : VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_INSTANCE;
-
-            const SizeT bufferKey = reinterpret_cast<SizeT>(attr.Buffer.get());
-            const Uint32 binding = static_cast<Uint32>(bindingBufferKeys.size());
-            bindingBufferKeys.push_back(bufferKey);
-            bindingBaseOffsets.push_back(attr.Buffer ? attr.Offset : 0);
-            bindingAttributeLocations.push_back(location);
-            bindingUsesClientMemory.push_back(attr.Buffer == nullptr);
-            bindingConversions.push_back(conversion);
-            builder.AddBinding(binding, stride, inputRate);
-            builder.AddAttribute(location, binding, vkFormat, 0);
-            // Divisor 1 is what VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_INSTANCE already means; only anything
-            // else needs the extension to say it.
-            if (inputRate == VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_INSTANCE && attr.Divisor != 1) {
-                bindingDivisors.push_back({binding, static_cast<Uint32>(attr.Divisor)});
-            }
-        }
-
-        const auto& state = builder.Build();
-
-        auto& slot = m_cache[hash];
-        if (!slot) {
-            slot = MakeUnique<BackendVertexInputState>();
-        }
-        BackendVertexInputState& entry = *slot;
-        entry.hash = hash;
-        entry.lastUsedFrameBoundary = m_frameBoundaryCounter;
-        entry.bindingDivisors = Move(bindingDivisors);
-        entry.bindings = builder.GetBindings();
-        entry.attributes = builder.GetAttributes();
-        // See the layoutHash declaration: hash only the resolved layout, never
-        // buffer identities, so identical layouts across VAOs/buffers agree.
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_reset(m_hashState, 0));
-        for (const auto& binding : entry.bindings) {
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &binding.binding, sizeof(binding.binding)));
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &binding.stride, sizeof(binding.stride)));
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &binding.inputRate, sizeof(binding.inputRate)));
-        }
-        for (const auto& attribute : entry.attributes) {
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attribute.location, sizeof(attribute.location)));
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attribute.binding, sizeof(attribute.binding)));
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attribute.format, sizeof(attribute.format)));
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attribute.offset, sizeof(attribute.offset)));
-        }
-        for (const auto& divisor : entry.bindingDivisors) {
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &divisor.binding, sizeof(divisor.binding)));
-            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &divisor.divisor, sizeof(divisor.divisor)));
-        }
-        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &unsupportedAttribMask, sizeof(unsupportedAttribMask)));
-        entry.layoutHash = XXH64_digest(m_hashState);
-        entry.attributeLocationMask = 0;
-        for (const auto& attribute : entry.attributes) {
-            if (attribute.location < 32u) {
-                entry.attributeLocationMask |= (1u << attribute.location);
-            }
-        }
-        entry.bindingBufferKeys = std::move(bindingBufferKeys);
-        entry.bindingBaseOffsets = std::move(bindingBaseOffsets);
-        entry.bindingAttributeLocations = std::move(bindingAttributeLocations);
-        entry.bindingUsesClientMemory = std::move(bindingUsesClientMemory);
-        entry.bindingConversions = std::move(bindingConversions);
-        entry.unsupportedAttribMask = unsupportedAttribMask;
-        entry.state = state;
-        entry.state.pVertexBindingDescriptions = entry.bindings.empty() ? nullptr : entry.bindings.data();
-        entry.state.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = entry.attributes.empty() ? nullptr : entry.attributes.data();
-        if (!entry.bindingDivisors.empty()) {
-            entry.divisorState.vertexBindingDivisorCount = static_cast<Uint32>(entry.bindingDivisors.size());
-            entry.divisorState.pVertexBindingDivisors = entry.bindingDivisors.data();
-            entry.state.pNext = &entry.divisorState;
-        } else {
-            entry.state.pNext = nullptr;
-        }
-        return entry;
-    }
-
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
    Bool VertexInputStateFactory::BuildWireVertexInput(const MG_Pipe::MGPipeVertexElementsRecord& elements,
-            const MG_Pipe::MGPipeApplierState& state, Uint32 activeMask, BackendVertexInputState& out) const {
-        out = BackendVertexInputState{};
+                                                       const MG_Pipe::MGPipeApplierState& state, Uint32 activeMask,
+                                                       BackendVertexInputState& out) const {
+        // The caller's state is a per-draw scratch (WireDraw.cpp): reset it without freeing.
+        out.ResetKeepingCapacity();
        for (Uint32 location = 0; location < elements.AttributeCount; ++location) {
            const auto& attr = elements.Attributes[location];
            if (!attr.Enabled || !(activeMask & (1u << location))) continue;
@@ -474,13 +116,15 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            // attribute whose base offsets cannot be added is one Vulkan cannot fetch, the
            // monolith arm never computes that sum at all, and masking is strictly safer than
            // a Fatal for a number no application can reach on purpose. Recorded in
-            // notes/p7/magma-c.md rather than silently reconciled.
+            // docs/archive/notes/p7/magma-c.md rather than silently reconciled.
            const auto describe = [&](const char* reason, VkFormat format) {
-                MGLOG_E_ONCE("Magma wire vertex layout: %s location=%u type=%u size=%u normalized=%u integer=%u long=%u bgra=%u stride=%d offset=%llu format=%d bufferWindow=%u+%u activeMask=0x%x",
-                    reason, location, attr.Type, static_cast<Uint32>(attr.Size), static_cast<Uint32>(attr.Normalized),
-                    static_cast<Uint32>(attr.IsInteger), static_cast<Uint32>(attr.IsLong), static_cast<Uint32>(attr.IsBgra),
-                    attr.Stride, static_cast<unsigned long long>(attr.Offset), static_cast<Int>(format),
-                    state.VertexBufferStart, state.VertexBufferCount, activeMask);
+                MGLOG_E_ONCE("Magma wire vertex layout: %s location=%u type=%u size=%u normalized=%u integer=%u "
+                             "long=%u bgra=%u stride=%d offset=%llu format=%d bufferWindow=%u+%u activeMask=0x%x",
+                             reason, location, attr.Type, static_cast<Uint32>(attr.Size),
+                             static_cast<Uint32>(attr.Normalized), static_cast<Uint32>(attr.IsInteger),
+                             static_cast<Uint32>(attr.IsLong), static_cast<Uint32>(attr.IsBgra), attr.Stride,
+                             static_cast<unsigned long long>(attr.Offset), static_cast<Int>(format),
+                             state.VertexBufferStart, state.VertexBufferCount, activeMask);
            };
            // The protocol verdict: the caller turns a false into the named Fatal.
            const auto reject = [&](const char* reason, VkFormat format = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {
@@ -497,16 +141,19 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            };
            // set_vertex_buffers is flattened PER ATTRIBUTE (VertexInputEmit.h), not
            // indexed by the original ARB binding point in attr.BindingIndex.
-            if (location < state.VertexBufferStart ||
-                location - state.VertexBufferStart >= state.VertexBufferCount) return reject("buffer-window");
+            if (location < state.VertexBufferStart || location - state.VertexBufferStart >= state.VertexBufferCount)
+                return reject("buffer-window");
            const auto& buffer = state.VertexBuffers[location];
            const auto type = static_cast<DataType>(attr.Type);
-            if (attr.Stride < 0 || attr.Size < 1 || attr.Size > 4) { maskOut("attribute-shape"); continue; }
-            VkFormat format = ToVkVertexFormat(type, attr.Size, attr.Normalized, attr.IsInteger,
-                                               attr.IsBgra, attr.IsLong);
+            if (attr.Stride < 0 || attr.Size < 1 || attr.Size > 4) {
+                maskOut("attribute-shape");
+                continue;
+            }
+            VkFormat format =
+                ToVkVertexFormat(type, attr.Size, attr.Normalized, attr.IsInteger, attr.IsBgra, attr.IsLong);
            auto conversion = VertexStreamConversion::None;
            if (format == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED && type == DataType::Float64) {
-                const auto* backend = MG_Remote::Server::ServerLoopInstance().Backend();
+                const auto* backend = MG_Backend::ApplyRoleBackend();
                if (backend && backend->GetDynamicParameters().SupportsFloat64VertexAttributes) {
                    // Exactly the monolith arm's answer for the same state: with native fp64
                    // the module KEPT its 64-bit inputs (DemoteFloat64Pass did not run), so
@@ -519,29 +166,53 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                format = ToFloat32VertexFormat(attr.Size);
                conversion = VertexStreamConversion::Float64ToFloat32;
            }
-            if (format == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) { maskOut("format-map"); continue; }
-            if (!SupportsVertexBufferFormat(format)) {
-                if (!IsScaledIntegerVertexFormat(format)) { maskOut("native-format-feature", format); continue; }
+            // GL_INT / GL_UNSIGNED_INT read as float (glVertexAttribFormat without the I suffix):
+            // Vulkan has no 32-bit SCALED or NORM vertex format, so the stream is converted to
+            // float32 on the CPU, normalized when the attribute asks for it.
+            if (format == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED && !attr.IsInteger && !attr.IsLong && !attr.IsBgra &&
+                (type == DataType::Int32 || type == DataType::Uint32)) {
                format = ToFloat32VertexFormat(attr.Size);
                conversion = VertexStreamConversion::ScaledIntegerToFloat32;
-                if (!SupportsVertexBufferFormat(format)) { maskOut("converted-format-feature", format); continue; }
+            }
+            if (format == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {
+                maskOut("format-map");
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!SupportsVertexBufferFormat(format)) {
+                if (!IsScaledIntegerVertexFormat(format)) {
+                    maskOut("native-format-feature", format);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                format = ToFloat32VertexFormat(attr.Size);
+                conversion = VertexStreamConversion::ScaledIntegerToFloat32;
+                if (!SupportsVertexBufferFormat(format)) {
+                    maskOut("converted-format-feature", format);
+                    continue;
+                }
            }
            const SizeT elementSize = GetAttributeByteSize(type, attr.Size, attr.IsBgra);
-            if (!elementSize) { maskOut("element-size", format); continue; }
+            if (!elementSize) {
+                maskOut("element-size", format);
+                continue;
+            }
            const Uint64 offset = attr.Offset + buffer.Offset;
-            if (offset < attr.Offset) { maskOut("offset-overflow", format); continue; }
+            if (offset < attr.Offset) {
+                maskOut("offset-overflow", format);
+                continue;
+            }
            const SizeT alignment = (type == DataType::Int2101010Rev || type == DataType::Uint2101010Rev)
-                ? elementSize : GetComponentSize(type);
+                                        ? elementSize
+                                        : GetComponentSize(type);
            if (conversion == VertexStreamConversion::None && alignment > 1 &&
                (offset % alignment || static_cast<Uint32>(attr.Stride) % alignment))
                conversion = VertexStreamConversion::Repack;
            Uint32 stride = static_cast<Uint32>(attr.Stride);
            if (stride && conversion != VertexStreamConversion::None)
                stride = conversion == VertexStreamConversion::Repack ? static_cast<Uint32>(elementSize)
-                    : static_cast<Uint32>(attr.Size) * sizeof(Float);
+                                                                      : static_cast<Uint32>(attr.Size) * sizeof(Float);
            const Uint32 binding = static_cast<Uint32>(out.bindings.size());
-            out.bindings.push_back({binding, stride,
-                buffer.Divisor ? VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_INSTANCE : VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX});
+            out.bindings.push_back(
+                {binding, stride, buffer.Divisor ? VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_INSTANCE : VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX});
            out.attributes.push_back({location, binding, format, 0});
            out.bindingAttributeLocations.push_back(location);
            out.bindingBaseOffsets.push_back(static_cast<SizeT>(offset));
@@ -553,8 +224,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // resolved binding/attribute/divisor values, including a legal zero stride.
        Uint64 hash = XXH64(out.bindings.data(), out.bindings.size() * sizeof(out.bindings[0]), 0);
        hash = XXH64(out.attributes.data(), out.attributes.size() * sizeof(out.attributes[0]), hash);
-        hash = XXH64(out.bindingDivisors.data(),
-            out.bindingDivisors.size() * sizeof(out.bindingDivisors[0]), hash);
+        hash = XXH64(out.bindingDivisors.data(), out.bindingDivisors.size() * sizeof(out.bindingDivisors[0]), hash);
        // THE MASK IS PART OF THE LAYOUT NOW, for the same reason the monolith entry's hash
        // carries it (the XXH64_update over unsupportedAttribMask in GetOrCreateVertexInputState
        // above). Before this package the mask was always zero here, so leaving it out of the
@@ -573,42 +243,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        }
        return true;
    }
-#endif
-
-    void VertexInputStateFactory::OnFrameBoundary() {
-        ++m_frameBoundaryCounter;
-
-        // Sweep occasionally; evict entries whose last hit is far in the past.
-        // Erasure happens only here, never mid-frame: the draw path holds a
-        // reference into the current entry across its setup, and unordered_map
-        // erase would invalidate it. Entries are CPU-side only, so no GPU-idle
-        // proof is needed; an evicted entry that is used again is simply rebuilt
-        // from the VAO state (same hash, same content).
-        constexpr Uint64 kSweepInterval = 256;
-        constexpr Uint64 kRetireAgeBoundaries = 1024;
-        if ((m_frameBoundaryCounter % kSweepInterval) != 0) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        for (auto it = m_cache.begin(); it != m_cache.end();) {
-            if (m_frameBoundaryCounter - it->second->lastUsedFrameBoundary > kRetireAgeBoundaries) {
-                it = m_cache.erase(it);
-                // Invalidate every VAO's state-pointer memo: the erased node's
-                // address may be reused by a future insert. Advance through the
-                // process-wide source so the value stays unique across factory
-                // instances (see the member comment). With no legacy arm the memos
-                // live in this factory and die with it, so a per-instance bump is
-                // enough - P2 D12.5.
-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS
-                m_evictionEpoch = ++s_evictionEpochSource;
-#else
-                ++m_evictionEpoch;
-#endif
-            } else {
-                ++it;
-            }
-        }
-    }

    VkFormat VertexInputStateFactory::ToVkVertexFormat(DataType type, Int size, Bool normalized, Bool isInteger,
                                                       Bool isBgra, Bool isLong) {
@@ -658,60 +292,84 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                // P5c (hd, CONTRACT-P5C §3.7): see the narrowFloat64Arrays site above.
                MG_Config::Transport != MG_Config::TransportMode::Monolith
                    ? (MG_Remote::Server::ServerLoopInstance().Backend() == nullptr ||
-                       !MG_Remote::Server::ServerLoopInstance().Backend()
+                       !MG_Remote::Server::ServerLoopInstance()
+                            .Backend()
                            ->GetDynamicParameters()
                            .SupportsFloat64VertexAttributes)
                    :
 #endif
-                MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject == nullptr ||
-                !MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject->GetDynamicParameters().SupportsFloat64VertexAttributes) {
+                    MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject == nullptr ||
+                        !MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject->GetDynamicParameters().SupportsFloat64VertexAttributes) {
                return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
            }
            if (!isLong || isInteger || normalized) return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
            switch (size) {
-            case 1: return VK_FORMAT_R32G32_UINT;
-            case 2: return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_UINT;
+            case 1:
+                return VK_FORMAT_R32G32_UINT;
+            case 2:
+                return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_UINT;
            // A dvec3/dvec4 input is 6/8 uint32 components: no single VkFormat, and GL spreads it
            // over two attribute locations, which the location-per-VAO-index model here does not
            // express. Declined rather than fetched wrong.
-            default: return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+            default:
+                return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
            }
        case DataType::Float32:
            switch (size) {
-            case 1: return VK_FORMAT_R32_SFLOAT;
-            case 2: return VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT;
-            case 3: return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
-            case 4: return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT;
-            default: return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+            case 1:
+                return VK_FORMAT_R32_SFLOAT;
+            case 2:
+                return VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT;
+            case 3:
+                return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
+            case 4:
+                return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT;
+            default:
+                return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
            }
        case DataType::Float16:
            // GL_HALF_FLOAT is a floating-point array type: it is never an integer attribute, and
            // GL_TRUE for `normalized` is ignored for float types rather than selecting a *NORM format.
            if (isInteger) return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
            switch (size) {
-            case 1: return VK_FORMAT_R16_SFLOAT;
-            case 2: return VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SFLOAT;
-            case 3: return VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SFLOAT;
-            case 4: return VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT;
-            default: return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+            case 1:
+                return VK_FORMAT_R16_SFLOAT;
+            case 2:
+                return VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SFLOAT;
+            case 3:
+                return VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SFLOAT;
+            case 4:
+                return VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT;
+            default:
+                return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
            }
        case DataType::Int32:
            if (!isInteger || normalized) return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
            switch (size) {
-            case 1: return VK_FORMAT_R32_SINT;
-            case 2: return VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SINT;
-            case 3: return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SINT;
-            case 4: return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SINT;
-            default: return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+            case 1:
+                return VK_FORMAT_R32_SINT;
+            case 2:
+                return VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SINT;
+            case 3:
+                return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SINT;
+            case 4:
+                return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SINT;
+            default:
+                return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
            }
        case DataType::Uint32:
            if (!isInteger || normalized) return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
            switch (size) {
-            case 1: return VK_FORMAT_R32_UINT;
-            case 2: return VK_FORMAT_R32G32_UINT;
-            case 3: return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_UINT;
-            case 4: return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_UINT;
-            default: return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+            case 1:
+                return VK_FORMAT_R32_UINT;
+            case 2:
+                return VK_FORMAT_R32G32_UINT;
+            case 3:
+                return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_UINT;
+            case 4:
+                return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_UINT;
+            default:
+                return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
            }
        case DataType::Int16:
            switch (size) {
@@ -726,7 +384,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            case 4:
                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SINT
                                 : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SNORM : VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SSCALED);
-            default: return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+            default:
+                return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
            }
        case DataType::Uint16:
            switch (size) {
@@ -741,37 +400,38 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            case 4:
                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UINT
                                 : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM : VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_USCALED);
-            default: return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+            default:
+                return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
            }
        case DataType::Int8:
            switch (size) {
            case 1:
                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R8_SINT : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R8_SNORM : VK_FORMAT_R8_SSCALED);
            case 2:
-                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SINT
-                                 : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SNORM : VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SSCALED);
+                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SINT : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SNORM : VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SSCALED);
            case 3:
                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SINT
                                 : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SNORM : VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SSCALED);
            case 4:
                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SINT
                                 : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SNORM : VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SSCALED);
-            default: return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+            default:
+                return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
            }
        case DataType::Uint8:
            switch (size) {
            case 1:
                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R8_UINT : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM : VK_FORMAT_R8_USCALED);
            case 2:
-                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UINT
-                                 : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM : VK_FORMAT_R8G8_USCALED);
+                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UINT : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM : VK_FORMAT_R8G8_USCALED);
            case 3:
                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_UINT
                                 : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_UNORM : VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_USCALED);
            case 4:
                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UINT
                                 : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM : VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_USCALED);
-            default: return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+            default:
+                return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
            }
        default:
            return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
@@ -827,6 +487,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        case VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SSCALED:
        case VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_USCALED:
        case VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SSCALED:
+        // Packed 2_10_10_10 fetches are optional too (Adreno has neither SCALED form); the
+        // converter decodes the fields itself, normalized or not.
+        case VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_USCALED_PACK32:
+        case VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_SSCALED_PACK32:
+        case VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32:
+        case VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_SNORM_PACK32:
            return true;
        default:
            return false;
@@ -835,11 +501,16 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {

    VkFormat VertexInputStateFactory::ToFloat32VertexFormat(Int componentCount) {
        switch (componentCount) {
-        case 1: return VK_FORMAT_R32_SFLOAT;
-        case 2: return VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT;
-        case 3: return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
-        case 4: return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT;
-        default: return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+        case 1:
+            return VK_FORMAT_R32_SFLOAT;
+        case 2:
+            return VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT;
+        case 3:
+            return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
+        case 4:
+            return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT;
+        default:
+            return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
        }
    }

@@ -847,19 +518,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        if (m_physicalDevice == VK_NULL_HANDLE || format == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {
            return false;
        }
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
-        if (MG_Config::Transport != MG_Config::TransportMode::Monolith) {
-            const auto found = m_wireVertexFormatSupport.find(format);
-            if (found != m_wireVertexFormatSupport.end()) return found->second;
-            VkFormatProperties properties{};
-            vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(m_physicalDevice, format, &properties);
-            const Bool supported = (properties.bufferFeatures & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT) != 0;
-            m_wireVertexFormatSupport.emplace(format, supported);
-            return supported;
-        }
-#endif
+        const auto found = m_wireVertexFormatSupport.find(format);
+        if (found != m_wireVertexFormatSupport.end()) return found->second;
        VkFormatProperties properties{};
        vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(m_physicalDevice, format, &properties);
-        return (properties.bufferFeatures & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT) != 0;
+        const Bool supported = (properties.bufferFeatures & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT) != 0;
+        m_wireVertexFormatSupport.emplace(format, supported);
+        return supported;
    }
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan
@@ -10,9 +10,7 @@
 // MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle for the P2 D12.5 memo table below. A header of constexpr constants,
 // so the pull build gains nothing from it.
 #include <MG_Pipe/MGPipeHandles.h>
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
 #include <MG_Pipe/PipeApply.h>
-#endif

 #include "Config.h"
 #include "MagmaPipeArms.h"
@@ -71,71 +69,60 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            // binding uses divisor 1, which is what the plain input rate already means.
            Vector<VkVertexInputBindingDivisorDescriptionEXT> bindingDivisors;
            VkPipelineVertexInputDivisorStateCreateInfoEXT divisorState{
-                VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_DIVISOR_STATE_CREATE_INFO_EXT
-            };
-            VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo state{
-                VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO
-            };
+                VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_DIVISOR_STATE_CREATE_INFO_EXT};
+            VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo state{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO};
+
+            // Back to a default-constructed state while keeping the vectors' storage, so a
+            // per-draw scratch rebuilds without touching the heap. Every member is reset by the
+            // default assignment; only the vectors' buffers are carried across it.
+            void ResetKeepingCapacity() {
+                const auto keep = [](auto& vector) {
+                    auto storage = Move(vector);
+                    storage.clear();
+                    return storage;
+                };
+                auto keptBindings = keep(bindings);
+                auto keptAttributes = keep(attributes);
+                auto keptBufferKeys = keep(bindingBufferKeys);
+                auto keptBaseOffsets = keep(bindingBaseOffsets);
+                auto keptLocations = keep(bindingAttributeLocations);
+                auto keptClientMemory = keep(bindingUsesClientMemory);
+                auto keptConversions = keep(bindingConversions);
+                auto keptDivisors = keep(bindingDivisors);
+                *this = BackendVertexInputState{};
+                bindings = Move(keptBindings);
+                attributes = Move(keptAttributes);
+                bindingBufferKeys = Move(keptBufferKeys);
+                bindingBaseOffsets = Move(keptBaseOffsets);
+                bindingAttributeLocations = Move(keptLocations);
+                bindingUsesClientMemory = Move(keptClientMemory);
+                bindingConversions = Move(keptConversions);
+                bindingDivisors = Move(keptDivisors);
+            }
        };

-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH
-        // The mint is the RENDERER's (MagmaPipeIdentityTables), not a process-global and not
-        // this factory's: VulkanRenderer::LookupVaoDrawMemo has to derive the same {slot, gen}
-        // for the same VAO, and a table that outlived the context it was minted for would share
-        // one reclamation clock across two live contexts (review v2 minor 4).
-        VertexInputStateFactory(const VulkanRendererConfig& config, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
-                                MagmaPipeIdentityTables& identity):
-            m_config(config), m_physicalDevice(physicalDevice), m_identity(&identity) {}
-#else
-        VertexInputStateFactory(const VulkanRendererConfig& config, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice):
-            m_config(config), m_physicalDevice(physicalDevice) {}
-#endif
+        VertexInputStateFactory(const VulkanRendererConfig& config, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice)
+            : m_config(config), m_physicalDevice(physicalDevice) {}
        ~VertexInputStateFactory() = default;
        VertexInputStateFactory(const VertexInputStateFactory&) = delete;

-        // The VAO aux-memo payload GetOrCreateVertexInputState(vao) stamps: aux0 is the
-        // entry's layoutHash, aux1 packs (unsupportedAttribMask << 32) | attributeLocationMask.
-        // Readers that find the aux memo valid can use these without resolving the entry.
-        static Uint64 PackVertexInputAuxMasks(Uint32 unsupportedAttribMask, Uint32 attributeLocationMask) {
-            return (static_cast<Uint64>(unsupportedAttribMask) << 32) | attributeLocationMask;
-        }
-
-        HashType ComputeHash(const MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject& vao) const;
-        // Memoized ComputeHash: reuses the VAO's cached hash while its config version
-        // is unchanged. Use this on per-draw paths.
-        HashType GetOrComputeHash(const MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject& vao) const;
-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH
-        // The VAO's content hash IF it has already been memoized, without computing one.
-        // P2 D12.5: the three draw-path readers that used to ask the VAO object this
-        // question ask the factory instead, because that is where the memo lives once the
-        // frontend object stops carrying the backend's state.
-        Bool TryGetMemoizedHash(const MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject& vao, Uint64& outHash) const;
-#endif
-        const BackendVertexInputState& GetOrCreateVertexInputState(
-            const MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject& vao, HashType hash);
-        const BackendVertexInputState& GetOrCreateVertexInputState(const MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject& vao);
-        // Frame boundary hook: ages the cache and evicts entries not hit for many
-        // frames. The key mixes each bound buffer's never-reused lifetime id, so
-        // buffer/VAO churn keeps minting fresh keys - and does so by construction,
-        // not by luck: a recreated buffer can no longer land back on its dead
-        // predecessor's key. Without eviction the map grows for the whole session.
-        // Entries hold no Vulkan handles (pipeline creation copies the descriptions)
-        // and the draw path's entry reference never spans a frame boundary, so
-        // eviction here needs no GPU-idle proof. Self-gated: one counter bump and
-        // compare except on sweep boundaries.
-        void OnFrameBoundary();
        static SizeT GetComponentSize(DataType type);
        // Tightly-packed byte size of one vertex element for this attribute: componentSize * size for
        // normal types, and 4 (one packed word) for the 2_10_10_10 types and GL_BGRA. Returns 0 for
        // an unknown/unsupported type.
        static SizeT GetAttributeByteSize(DataType type, Int size, Bool isBgra);
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        // A wire VAO is a layout record plus a separate per-attribute buffer window.
        // No frontend VAO identity, address or memo participates in this layout.
        Bool BuildWireVertexInput(const MG_Pipe::MGPipeVertexElementsRecord& elements,
                                  const MG_Pipe::MGPipeApplierState& state, Uint32 activeMask,
                                  BackendVertexInputState& out) const;
-#endif
+        // The same layout, kept on the record (MGPipeVertexElementsRecord::BackendMemo) and rebuilt
+        // only when the record's configuration, the program's active mask, the buffer window or an
+        // active attribute's buffer offset/stride/divisor moved - everything the build reads that
+        // can change. Null where BuildWireVertexInput would return false.
+        const BackendVertexInputState* ResolveWireVertexInput(const MG_Pipe::MGPipeVertexElementsRecord& elements,
+                                                              const MG_Pipe::MGPipeApplierState& state,
+                                                              Uint32 activeMask) const;

    private:
        static VkFormat ToVkVertexFormat(DataType type, Int size, Bool normalized, Bool isInteger, Bool isBgra = false,
@@ -144,85 +131,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        static VkFormat ToFloat32VertexFormat(Int componentCount);
        Bool SupportsVertexBufferFormat(VkFormat format) const;

-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_PUSH
-        // ---- P2 D12.5: the backend's memos, off the frontend VAO and into the backend ----
-        //
-        // The two facts that used to live as `mutable` fields on VertexArrayObject
-        // (Get/SetBackendHashMemo and Get/SetBackendStateMemo), kept here instead, keyed on
-        // the VAO's {slot, gen} and guarded by exactly the same config version. A frontend
-        // state object holding the backend's raw pointer is what P2 retires: under split the
-        // backend is in another process and its cache entry has no address a client could
-        // store, so the memo has to live on the side that owns the pointee.
-        //
-        // The AUX memo is not carried over: its two words moved into VaoDrawMemo::layoutHash
-        // and layoutAuxMasks long ago and its getter has no live reader anywhere in the tree,
-        // so the handle arm simply stops writing it (D12.5 says delete rather than move).
-        struct VaoBackendMemos {
-            // Whose memos these are. The identity table can recycle a slot for a different
-            // VAO under LRU pressure, and the handle compare - Gen included - is what says
-            // the contents are this object's and not its predecessor's.
-            MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle Owner = MG_Pipe::kMGPipeNullHandle;
-            Uint64 Hash = 0;
-            Uint32 HashConfigVersion = ~0u;
-            const void* State = nullptr;
-            Uint64 StateEpoch = 0;
-            Uint32 StateConfigVersion = ~0u;
-        };
-        // Grow-on-demand (D12.4), one entry per slot the renderer's mint has ever handed
-        // out, and NO CAPACITY: these two memos had none before this package either - they
-        // were unbounded mutable fields on the VertexArrayObject itself - and re-introducing
-        // eviction here is what review v2 rejected. MagmaPipeSlotTable grows in chunks so an
-        // entry reference stays valid across the nested GetOrCreateVertexInputState call.
-        // 48 B per live VAO, reclaimed with the slot when the object goes idle.
-        mutable MagmaPipeSlotTable<VaoBackendMemos> m_vaoMemos;
-        // The renderer's {slot, gen} mint (see the constructor). Never null under push.
-        MagmaPipeIdentityTables* m_identity = nullptr;
-        // The entry belonging to `vao`, claimed (and cleared) if the slot currently holds
-        // someone else's.
-        VaoBackendMemos& MemosFor(const MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject& vao) const;
-#endif
-
        const VulkanRendererConfig& m_config;
        VkPhysicalDevice m_physicalDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        // Physical-device format capabilities never change during this factory's
        // lifetime. The wire path rebuilds layouts without the legacy VAO memo.
        mutable UnorderedMap<VkFormat, Bool> m_wireVertexFormatSupport;
-#endif
-        // Values are heap-allocated: UnorderedMap is open-addressing, so INSERT
-        // invalidates references to stored values - and so does ERASE, which shifts
-        // the rest of the probe cluster into the hole and therefore moves entries
-        // other than the erased one. The draw path (and the VAOs' state-pointer
-        // memos) hold entry pointers across both; only the unique_ptr cell moves,
-        // never the pointee.
-        UnorderedMap<HashType, UniquePtr<BackendVertexInputState>> m_cache;
-        // Monotonic frame-boundary counter (bumped in OnFrameBoundary) for cache aging.
-        Uint64 m_frameBoundaryCounter = 0;
-        // Bumped whenever any cache entry is erased. VAOs memo a raw pointer to
-        // their heap-allocated entry (stable across map insert/rehash by
-        // construction); a memo is honored only while its recorded epoch
-        // matches, so an evicted entry can never be dereferenced through a
-        // stale memo.
-        //
-        // Drawn from a process-wide source, never a per-instance counter: the VAO
-        // memos outlive this factory (they live on the frontend context's VAOs, the renderer
-        // is destroyed and recreated on EGL surface release/re-create), so a fresh
-        // factory restarting at a dead factory's epoch value would honor its
-        // dangling entry pointers. The constructor takes a value strictly greater
-        // than anything a predecessor ever stamped, so a dead factory's memo can
-        // never compare equal here - the same never-reused idiom as the lifetime ids.
-        // Single-threaded like the rest of the factory (renderer-thread only).
-        //
-        // P2 D12.5: the process-wide source is the LEGACY arm's need. It exists because the
-        // memos live on the frontend VAOs and therefore outlive the factory. The handle arm's
-        // memo table is owned by this factory and dies with it, so a per-instance counter is
-        // enough there and the epoch shrinks back to what it looks like it should be.
-#if MOBILEGL_PIPE_LEGACY_MEMOS
-        static inline std::atomic<Uint64> s_evictionEpochSource{0};
-        Uint64 m_evictionEpoch = ++s_evictionEpochSource;
-#else
-        Uint64 m_evictionEpoch = 1;
-#endif
        static inline thread_local XXH64_state_t* m_hashState = XXH64_createState();
    };
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan
@@ -13,10 +13,8 @@
 #include "../VkIncludes.h"
 #include <Includes.h>
 #include <vk_mem_alloc.h>
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
 #include "MG_Pipe/MGPipeTypes.h"
 #include <unordered_map>
-#endif

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    enum class BufferKind : Uint8 {
@@ -40,56 +38,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        Bool transformFeedbackUsageEnabled = false;
    };

-    // The DirectVulkan storage behind one frontend buffer (pipe_resource analogue).
-    // Owned (refcounted) by the frontend BufferObject; the manager holds only weak
-    // references (for shutdown) plus strong references on deferred-release lists.
-    class VkBufferResource : public MG_State::GLState::BackendBufferResource {
-    public:
-        ~VkBufferResource() override = default;
-
-        // Resident storage (may be invalid for streaming-only buffers).
-        VkBufferObject buffer;
-        VkDeviceSize storageSize = 0;
-        VkBufferUsageFlags usageFlags = 0;
-        // Frame serial of the last GPU reference; drives busy tracking.
-        Uint64 lastUseSerial = 0;
-        // Set when an immediate op could not be applied; forces a full re-upload
-        // on the next AcquireResidentSlice.
-        Bool pendingFullUpload = false;
-        // Backs a zero-copy coherent persistent map (PipeResource GPU residency): the
-        // buffer is HOST_VISIBLE+COHERENT, persistently mapped, carries every usage and is
-        // never orphaned or recreated. Draw-time acquire binds it directly, no re-upload.
-        Bool persistentMapped = false;
-
-        // Bumped from a manager-wide counter every time anything that decides which
-        // BufferSlice an Acquire*Slice call hands back changes: storage created or
-        // released, a full re-upload becoming due, a promotion/demotion between
-        // resident and streamed storage, or a new per-frame arena slice. Callers that
-        // memoise a resolved slice compare this to prove the memo still describes the
-        // buffer. The counter is manager-wide (never per-resource) so a freshly
-        // created resource - including one that replaces a destroyed resource at the
-        // same address - can never reproduce a value some memo already holds. 0 means
-        // "no slice has ever been handed out", which no memo can match.
-        Uint64 sliceEpoch = 0;
-
-        // Cached transient (streaming) slice for the current frame.
-        BufferSlice transientSlice{};
-        Uint64 transientFrameSerial = 0;
-        Uint64 transientChangeSerial = 0;
-        VkDeviceSize transientSize = 0;
-
-        // Streaming re-copies the whole store into the per-frame arena on every
-        // frame, which is right for genuinely per-frame data but pure waste for a
-        // Dynamic-hinted buffer the app stopped touching. After the content
-        // survives kStreamedPromotionStreak frame boundaries unchanged it is
-        // promoted to resident storage (one final upload, then zero per-frame
-        // cost); the first content change demotes it back to streaming, and the
-        // streaming path's existing downgrade releases the resident store.
-        Uint32 unchangedStreak = 0;
-        Bool promotedResident = false;
-        Uint64 promotedChangeSerial = 0;
-    };
-
    // Supplies a command buffer that is recording and outside any render pass,
    // for staged buffer-range copies. Implemented by VulkanRenderer.
    class IBufferCopyCommandProvider {
@@ -103,7 +51,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        Bool Initialize(const VkBufferManagerInitInfo& initInfo);
        void Shutdown();

-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        // Registered before caps publication; the initialized renderer owns the storage.
        static void RegisterWireResourceOps();
        // Transport resources are owned by their complete wire handle, never by a
@@ -115,8 +62,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // Names, for a Fatal about an unknown handle, whether this manager ever saw it.
        void DescribeWireBufferHistory(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res) const;
        Bool ReadWireBuffer(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res, Uint64 offset, Uint64 size, void* dst);
-        Bool CopyWireBufferRangeToSlice(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res, Uint64 offset, Uint64 size,
-                                        const BufferSlice& dst);
+        Bool CopyWireBufferRangeToSlice(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res, Uint64 offset, Uint64 size, const BufferSlice& dst);
        // P7 A.1, the sub-word half of the one above: the same copy for a window whose start
        // or end does not land on a four-byte boundary. The read of the APPLICATION's store is
        // rounded OUT to whole words and clamped to the store's end, so the widened window can
@@ -126,8 +72,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // on a region's offsets or size (unlike vkCmdUpdateBuffer / vkCmdFillBuffer), so the
        // shift is a plain legal copy. `dstSkip` is the byte inside `dst` the window starts at.
        // This retires `uniform-buffer-byte-tail`.
-        Bool CopyWireBufferSubWordRangeToSlice(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res, Uint64 offset, Uint64 size,
-                                               Uint32 frameIndex, const BufferSlice& dst, Uint64 dstSkip);
+        Bool CopyWireBufferSubWordRangeToSlice(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res, Uint64 offset, Uint64 size, Uint32 frameIndex,
+                                               const BufferSlice& dst, Uint64 dstSkip);
        void MarkWireBufferGpuWritten(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res, Uint64 offset, Uint64 size);
        // P8-D: whether a shader write was marked on this store since the last indirect draw
        // read it natively, clearing the mark. The caller records the INDIRECT_COMMAND_READ
@@ -137,6 +83,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // P8-D: every WaitForWireBufferHostAccess that actually waited, over this manager's life -
        // the attribution base a caller reads before and after its own ReadWireBuffer.
        Uint64 GetWireHostWaitCount() const { return m_wireHostWaits; }
+        // P15 S0 (M4): busy writes that renamed their store instead of taking a staged copy.
+        Uint64 GetWireRenameCount() const { return m_wireRenames; }

        // Resource-op entry points. All run on the server apply owner.
        void CreateWireBuffer(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res, const MG_Pipe::MGPResourceDesc& desc);
@@ -153,9 +101,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // applies unchanged. The T2 store it replaces goes through DeferWireRelease. False = not
        // imported (the T2 store is untouched and the client is DECLINED).
        Bool ImportWireBuffer(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res, void* ahb, Uint64 size);
+        // P13 W4: monolith's record arm donates the wire store itself as the client's persistent
+        // map (see the definition). Null when the store cannot be handed over.
+        void* DonateWireBuffer(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res, Uint64 size, const void* seedBytes);
        // The POST self-test of the sustained-lock pattern on this device (see the definition).
        static Bool SelfTestWireImport(char* why, Uint64 whyBytes);
-#endif

        // Recreate all per-frame transient arenas
        Bool RecreateTransientArenas(Uint32 frameCount);
@@ -174,6 +124,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // frameSerial-minus-frameCount inference.
        void NotifyFrameSerialComplete(Uint64 serial);
        void SetCopyCommandProvider(IBufferCopyCommandProvider* provider);
+        // The owning renderer's submission counter: AcquireWireSlice stamps the next submission
+        // from it directly rather than finding the renderer through the session-local slot on
+        // every bind (a thread-local probe per vertex, index and uniform buffer of every draw).
+        void SetSubmitCounterSource(const Uint64* submitCounter) { m_submitCounter = submitCounter; }

        Bool UploadTransient(BufferKind kind, Uint32 frameIndex, const void* data, VkDeviceSize size,
                             VkDeviceSize alignment, BufferSlice& outSlice);
@@ -199,59 +153,40 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // UniformManager::AcquireUnboundTexelBufferView.
        BufferSlice AcquireUnboundTexelBufferDescriptor();

-        // Draw-time acquire for resident (device-storage) buffers: ensures the
-        // resource exists and is fully uploaded, marks it used this frame.
-        Bool AcquireResidentSlice(BufferKind kind, const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& bufferObject,
-                                  BufferSlice& outSlice);
-        // Draw-time acquire for streamed buffers: uploads the whole shadow into
-        // the per-frame arena (cached by change serial), releasing any resident
-        // storage the buffer may still own.
-        Bool AcquireStreamedSlice(BufferKind kind, const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& bufferObject,
-                                  BufferSlice& outSlice);
-
-        // Zero-copy persistent map (PipeResource GPU residency): create (once) a
-        // HOST_VISIBLE+COHERENT, persistently mapped resident buffer carrying every usage,
-        // seed it from the shadow, and return its mapped base for the app to write into
-        // directly. Idempotent. Returns nullptr on failure (frontend keeps its shadow).
-        void* AcquirePersistentMap(MG_State::GLState::BufferObject& bufferObject);
-
-        // Immediate ops, dispatched from the frontend BufferBackendOps table.
-        void OnRespecify(MG_State::GLState::BufferObject& bufferObject);
-        void OnSubData(MG_State::GLState::BufferObject& bufferObject, SizeT offset, SizeT size);
-        void OnResidentSubData(MG_State::GLState::BufferObject& bufferObject, SizeT offset, DataPtr data);
-        void OnFlushMappedRange(MG_State::GLState::BufferObject& bufferObject, Range1D range,
-                                Flags<BufferMappingAccessBit> appAccess);
-        void OnResourceDestroyed(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BackendBufferResource>&& resource);
-
        Uint64 GetFrameSerial() const { return m_frameSerial; }
-        // Highest value handed to any VkBufferResource::sliceEpoch. Unchanged since a
-        // memo was taken means no buffer this manager owns changed which slice it hands
-        // back, and none was persistently mapped, in between - so a memo of resolved
-        // slices needs no per-buffer re-check. See AcquirePersistentMap for the mapping half.
-        Uint64 GetSliceEpochCounter() const { return m_sliceEpochCounter; }
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        // Bumped every time this manager destroys a WIRE store's VkBuffer (see
        // m_wireStoreDestroyEpoch). Unchanged since a memo was taken means no VkBuffer handle
        // that memo names can have been freed and re-minted in between, which is the one
        // fact a handle-keyed memo of wire descriptors needs and cannot read off the handle.
        Uint64 GetWireStoreDestroyEpoch() const { return m_wireStoreDestroyEpoch; }
-#endif
+        // P15 S0: the store's content state, as a process-wide monotonic serial: it moves on every
+        // host write, respecify and GPU-write mark, and on every bind a shader may write through
+        // (storage / texture-buffer slices). False for a store whose bytes the client writes
+        // directly (an imported or donated store), which no cache may key on.
+        Bool GetWireBufferContentSerial(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res, Uint64& serial);
+        // P15 S0: CONVERTED WIRE VERTEX STREAMS, KEPT ACROSS FRAMES (the frontend arm's
+        // ConvertedVertexStream cache, lost with it, and longer-lived than it: that one was per
+        // frame). Key: the source store's content serial - process-wide monotonic, so no store or
+        // handle identity can alias - and the layout. Each entry owns a vertex buffer holding the
+        // converted elements; a newer conversion of the same store and layout replaces it, and the
+        // whole set is bounded by bytes (least recently used first). A replaced or evicted buffer
+        // is released when the frame slot that last used it comes round again.
+        struct ConvertedStreamKey {
+            Uint64 contentSerial = 0;
+            Uint64 baseOffset = 0;
+            Uint32 stride = 0, type = 0, size = 0, conversion = 0;
+            Bool normalized = false, isInteger = false, isBgra = false;
+            Bool operator==(const ConvertedStreamKey&) const = default;
+        };
+        Bool LookupConvertedStream(const ConvertedStreamKey& key, SizeT elementCount, BufferSlice& outSlice);
+        Bool StoreConvertedStream(const ConvertedStreamKey& key, MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle source, SizeT elementCount,
+                                  const void* bytes, SizeT size, BufferSlice& outSlice);
        // Highest frame serial whose GPU work is known complete; serials at or
        // below it may be considered signaled. Drives IsResourceBusy and the
        // backend GL fence objects.
        Uint64 GetCompletedSerial() const;
-        // Busy = potentially referenced by GPU work that has not been fenced yet
-        // (including commands recorded for the current, unsubmitted frame).
-        Bool IsResourceBusy(const VkBufferResource& resource) const;
-        // Hand the manager a buffer to destroy once the frame that recorded commands
-        // naming it has completed. The renderer's blit path needs a device-local
-        // scratch store for one recorded operation, which cannot be a stack local:
-        // the glBlitFramebuffer that records the commands returns long before the
-        // command buffer is submitted.
-        void DeferRelease(VkBufferObject&& buffer);

    private:
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        struct WireBufferResource {
            VkBufferObject buffer;
            Uint64 size = 0;
@@ -262,6 +197,24 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            // unsubmitted index as incomplete, but the stamp is taken before the draw is
            // recorded and a mid-draw flush can submit it without the draw.
            Uint64 lastUseSubmitIndex = 0;
+            // P15 S0: see GetWireBufferContentSerial.
+            Uint64 contentSerial = 0;
+            // P15 S0 (M4): the store's bytes on the host, for a small store whose content only
+            // host writes have made since it was specified - what a busy write renames from (see
+            // WriteWireBuffer). Empty: no shadow (a large store, the budget was spent, or a GPU
+            // write, shader-writable bind or client mapping made the host copy unknowable).
+            Vector<Uint8> shadow;
+            // P15: buffers this store was renamed away from, kept for the next rename instead of
+            // allocating one (a UI store is renamed several times a frame). A spare is reused only
+            // once the submission that can name it has completed - DeferWireRelease's own rule -
+            // and its handle never died, so no handle-keyed memo can mistake it for another
+            // buffer. Bounded; the rest go through DeferWireRelease.
+            struct RenameSpare {
+                VkBufferObject buffer;
+                Uint64 submitIndex = 0;
+                Uint64 lastUseSerial = 0;
+            };
+            Vector<RenameSpare> renameSpares;
            Bool gpuWritesPending = false;
            // Only ranges actually submitted by resource_subdata are covered. No
            // shadow is retained: flush cannot replay stale bytes over GPU writes.
@@ -275,6 +228,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        };
        // P8-D: see GetWireHostWaitCount.
        Uint64 m_wireHostWaits = 0;
+        Uint64 m_wireRenames = 0;
+        SizeT m_wireShadowBytes = 0;
+        void DropWireShadow(WireBufferResource& resource);
+        void ReleaseRenameSpares(WireBufferResource& resource);
+        Bool CreateWireStoreBuffer(WireBufferResource& resource);
+        Bool RenameBusyWireStore(WireBufferResource& resource);
        static Uint64 WireBufferKey(MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle res) {
            return (static_cast<Uint64>(res.Gen) << 32) | res.Slot;
        }
@@ -332,8 +291,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // while a memo still maps that handle to a descriptor set baked to the dead store's
        // memory: silent wrong bytes, no Fatal (ID-P7-43). m_wireStoreDestroyEpoch is the
        // fact the memos fold in: every wire-store destroy bumps it, so a memo taken before
-        // the destroy cannot match after it. Deliberately NOT m_sliceEpochCounter, which every
-        // WriteWireBuffer bumps and which would defeat the memo on every glBufferSubData.
+        // the destroy cannot match after it. Deliberately not bumped by WriteWireBuffer, which
+        // would defeat the memo on every glBufferSubData.
        struct DeferredWireRelease {
            VkBufferObject buffer;
            Uint64 lastUseSerial = 0;
@@ -371,29 +330,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // the stats channel is on; MagmaWireReclaimScenario reads them off the server's line.
        void NoteWireStorePeaks();
        void PublishWireReclaimGauges();
-#endif
        Bool InitializeTransientArenas();
-        static VkBufferUsageFlags GetVkBufferUsage(BufferKind kind);
-        VkBufferResource* GetOrCreateResource(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& bufferObject);
-        static VkBufferResource* ResourceOf(MG_State::GLState::BufferObject& bufferObject);
-        Bool CreateResidentStorage(VkBufferResource& resource, VkDeviceSize size, VkBufferUsageFlags usage,
-                                   VkMemoryPropertyFlags requiredFlags = 0);
-        // Swap storage (conditional orphan) and refill it from the shadow copy.
-        Bool SwapStorageAndUploadAll(VkBufferResource& resource, MG_State::GLState::BufferObject& bufferObject);
-        // Record a staging-slice copy into the resident storage, ordered against
-        // in-flight and already-recorded GPU work.
-        Bool StagedRangeCopy(VkBufferResource& resource, const void* data,
-                             SizeT offset, SizeT size);
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        Bool StagedWireRangeCopy(WireBufferResource& resource, const void* data, SizeT offset, SizeT size);
-#endif
        void CollectDeferredReleases(Uint32 frameIndex);
        void DestroyAllDeferredReleases();
-        void TrackLiveResource(const SharedPtr<VkBufferResource>& resource);
-        void ReleaseAllLiveResources();
-        // See VkBufferResource::sliceEpoch.
-        void BumpSliceEpoch(VkBufferResource& resource) { resource.sliceEpoch = ++m_sliceEpochCounter; }
-
        VkBufferManagerInitInfo m_initInfo{};
        BufferArena m_transientUploadArena;
        // See AcquireUnboundStorageDescriptor. Lazily created, never re-created, torn down
@@ -402,11 +342,24 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // See AcquireUnboundTexelBufferDescriptor. Same lifetime rules.
        VkBufferObject m_unboundTexelBuffer;
        IBufferCopyCommandProvider* m_copyProvider = nullptr;
+        const Uint64* m_submitCounter = nullptr;
        Vector<Vector<VkBufferObject>> m_deferredBufferReleases;
-        Vector<Vector<SharedPtr<VkBufferResource>>> m_deferredResourceReleases;
-        Vector<WeakPtr<VkBufferResource>> m_liveResources;
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        std::unordered_map<Uint64, WireBufferResource> m_wireBuffers;
+        // P14: a slot-indexed front for m_wireBuffers (every draw resolves each vertex, index and
+        // uniform buffer). An entry is believed only for the generation it was taken at ({slot,
+        // gen} is never reused), and the erase of that node clears it: a node never moves until
+        // erased. Slot-indexed rather than direct-mapped because a Minecraft frame draws from a
+        // few thousand live buffers, which a small hashed table mostly missed.
+        struct WireBufferLookup {
+            Uint32 gen = 0;
+            WireBufferResource* resource = nullptr;
+        };
+        static constexpr SizeT kWireBufferLookupMaxSlots = SizeT{1} << 20;
+        Vector<WireBufferLookup> m_wireBufferLookup;
+        void ForgetWireBufferLookup(Uint64 key) {
+            const SizeT slot = static_cast<SizeT>(key & 0xffffffffu);
+            if (slot < m_wireBufferLookup.size()) m_wireBufferLookup[slot] = {};
+        }
        // See DeferredWireRelease. ONE FLAT LIST rather than the per-frame-slot buckets above:
        // the whole point is that these entries do not wait for a frame slot to come round.
        Vector<DeferredWireRelease> m_deferredWireReleases;
@@ -421,18 +374,22 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        Uint64 m_wireDeferredSyncs = 0;
        // See GetWireStoreDestroyEpoch and the DeferredWireRelease comment. Bumped on every
        // path that destroys a wire store's VkBuffer, and never reset (not even by Shutdown),
-        // for m_sliceEpochCounter's reason: a memo taken before a re-initialize must not match
+        // so that a memo taken before a re-initialize must not match
        // a handle minted after it.
        Uint64 m_wireStoreDestroyEpoch = 0;
-#endif
-    // Size m_liveResources had just after the last sweep; the next sweep waits for it to double.
-    SizeT m_liveResourcesLastPruned = 0;
+        Uint64 m_wireContentSerial = 0;
+        struct ConvertedStream {
+            ConvertedStreamKey key;
+            MG_Pipe::MGPipeHandle source = MG_Pipe::kMGPipeNullHandle;
+            SizeT elementCount = 0;
+            VkBufferObject buffer;
+            Uint64 lastUseFrameSerial = 0;
+        };
+        Vector<ConvertedStream> m_convertedStreams;
+        SizeT m_convertedStreamBytes = 0;
+        void RetireConvertedStream(SizeT index);
        Uint32 m_currentFrameIndex = 0;
        Uint64 m_frameSerial = 1;
        Uint64 m_completedSerialFloor = 0;
-        // Never reset (not even by Shutdown): a value handed to a resource must stay
-        // unique for the process, or a memo taken before a re-initialize could match
-        // a different resource's state after it.
-        Uint64 m_sliceEpochCounter = 0;
    };
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 #endif

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
    void VkBufferObject::MoveExternalFrom(VkBufferObject& other) {
        m_device = other.m_device;
        m_externalMemory = other.m_externalMemory;
@@ -36,7 +35,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        m_externalCoherent = coherent;
        m_externalAhb = ahb;
    }
-#endif

    VkBufferObject::VkBufferObject(VkBufferObject&& other) noexcept {
        m_allocator = other.m_allocator;
@@ -44,9 +42,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        m_allocation = other.m_allocation;
        m_mappedData = other.m_mappedData;
        m_size = other.m_size;
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        MoveExternalFrom(other);
-#endif

        other.m_allocator = nullptr;
        other.m_buffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
@@ -67,9 +63,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        m_allocation = other.m_allocation;
        m_mappedData = other.m_mappedData;
        m_size = other.m_size;
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        MoveExternalFrom(other);
-#endif

        other.m_allocator = nullptr;
        other.m_buffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
@@ -170,10 +164,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    }

    void VkBufferObject::Unmap() {
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        // An imported store stays mapped for its life (Destroy unmaps it).
        if (m_externalMemory != VK_NULL_HANDLE) return;
-#endif
        if (!IsValid() || m_mappedData == nullptr) {
            m_mappedData = nullptr;
            return;
@@ -200,7 +192,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        }

        Memcpy(static_cast<Uint8*>(mapped) + offset, data, static_cast<SizeT>(size));
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        if (m_externalMemory != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
            if (m_externalCoherent) return true;
            VkMappedMemoryRange range{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MAPPED_MEMORY_RANGE};
@@ -209,7 +200,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            range.size = VK_WHOLE_SIZE;
            return vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges(m_device, 1, &range) == VK_SUCCESS;
        }
-#endif
        const VkResult flushResult = vmaFlushAllocation(m_allocator, m_allocation, offset, size);
        if (flushResult != VK_SUCCESS) {
            MGLOG_E_ONCE("VkBufferObject::Upload failed: vmaFlushAllocation returned %d", flushResult);
@@ -234,7 +224,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        if (resolvedSize == 0) {
            return true;
        }
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        if (m_externalMemory != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
            if (m_externalCoherent) return true;
            VkMappedMemoryRange range{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MAPPED_MEMORY_RANGE};
@@ -243,7 +232,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            range.size = VK_WHOLE_SIZE;
            return vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges(m_device, 1, &range) == VK_SUCCESS;
        }
-#endif

        const VkResult result = vmaInvalidateAllocation(m_allocator, m_allocation, offset, resolvedSize);
        if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
@@ -36,9 +36,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        VkBufferObject& operator=(VkBufferObject&& other) noexcept;

        Bool Create(const VkBufferObjectDesc& desc);
-        Bool Create(VmaAllocator allocator, VkDeviceSize size, VkBufferUsageFlags usage,
-                    VmaMemoryUsage memoryUsage, VmaAllocationCreateFlags allocationFlags = 0,
-                    VkMemoryPropertyFlags requiredFlags = 0);
+        Bool Create(VmaAllocator allocator, VkDeviceSize size, VkBufferUsageFlags usage, VmaMemoryUsage memoryUsage,
+                    VmaAllocationCreateFlags allocationFlags = 0, VkMemoryPropertyFlags requiredFlags = 0);
        void Destroy();

        void* Map();
@@ -65,13 +64,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        void* GetMappedData() const { return m_mappedData; }
        Bool IsMapped() const { return m_mappedData != nullptr; }
        Bool IsValid() const {
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
            if (m_externalMemory != VK_NULL_HANDLE) return m_buffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-#endif
            return m_allocator != nullptr && m_buffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE && m_allocation != nullptr;
        }

-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        // P11 B2 (T0): a store whose memory is NOT this allocator's - a client's AHardwareBuffer
        // imported with VK_ANDROID_external_memory_android_hardware_buffer into `memory` (a
        // dedicated allocation bound to `buffer`, mapped persistently at `mapped`). It behaves
@@ -79,10 +75,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        // the memory and drops `ahb` - which is why the store goes through the wire arm's
        // serial-gated deferred release like every other: the AHardwareBuffer is let go only once
        // no submission can still name it. `coherent` = the memory type is HOST_COHERENT.
-        void AdoptExternal(VkDevice device, VkBuffer buffer, VkDeviceMemory memory, VkDeviceSize size,
-                           void* mapped, Bool coherent, void* ahb);
+        void AdoptExternal(VkDevice device, VkBuffer buffer, VkDeviceMemory memory, VkDeviceSize size, void* mapped,
+                           Bool coherent, void* ahb);
        Bool IsExternal() const { return m_externalMemory != VK_NULL_HANDLE; }
-#endif

    private:
        VmaAllocator m_allocator = nullptr;
@@ -90,12 +85,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        VmaAllocation m_allocation = nullptr;
        void* m_mappedData = nullptr;
        VkDeviceSize m_size = 0;
-#if MOBILEGL_BUILD_DISAGGREGATED
        VkDevice m_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        VkDeviceMemory m_externalMemory = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        void* m_externalAhb = nullptr;
        Bool m_externalCoherent = true;
        void MoveExternalFrom(VkBufferObject& other);
-#endif
    };
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #include "VkTextureManager.h"

 #include "MG_State/GLState/Core.h"
-#include <MG_Pipe/PipeInputsSwitch.h>
+#include <MG_Backend/MGPipe/PipeInputs.h>
 #include "MG_Util/Converters/MGToStr/FramebufferEnumConverter.h"
 #include "MG_Util/Converters/MGToStr/TextureEnumConverter.h"

@@ -22,8 +22,7 @@

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    static Bool IsCubeMapFaceUploadTarget(TextureUploadTarget target) {
-        return target >= TextureUploadTarget::CubeMapPositiveX &&
-               target <= TextureUploadTarget::CubeMapNegativeZ;
+        return target >= TextureUploadTarget::CubeMapPositiveX && target <= TextureUploadTarget::CubeMapNegativeZ;
    }

    VkClearColorValue MakeVkClearColorValue(const ClearAttachmentPayload& payload, Bool formatLacksAlpha) {
@@ -55,7 +54,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        if (payload.colorEncoding != ClearColorEncoding::Float) return;
        // With GL_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB enabled GL performs the encoding itself, so the driver doing it
        // is exactly right and there is nothing to undo.
-        if (MGB_CTX->IsCapabilityEnabled(MobileGL::CapabilityInput::FramebufferSrgb)) return;
+        if (MG_Pipe::gPipeInputs->IsCapabilityEnabled(MobileGL::CapabilityInput::FramebufferSrgb)) return;
        if (ResolveSrgbAttachmentWriteFormat(destinationFormat, false) == destinationFormat) return;

        // sRGB -> linear (GL 4.6 core 8.24), applied to the colour channels only: alpha is stored
@@ -64,45 +63,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            const Float value = std::clamp(encoded, 0.0f, 1.0f);
            return value <= 0.04045f ? value / 12.92f : std::pow((value + 0.055f) / 1.055f, 2.4f);
        };
-        payload.color = FloatVec4(toLinear(payload.color.x()), toLinear(payload.color.y()),
-                                  toLinear(payload.color.z()), payload.color.w());
-    }
-
-    void ForceOpaqueClearAlpha(ClearAttachmentPayload& payload) {
-        switch (payload.colorEncoding) {
-        case ClearColorEncoding::Int:
-            payload.colorInt = IntVec4(payload.colorInt.x(), payload.colorInt.y(), payload.colorInt.z(), 1);
-            break;
-        case ClearColorEncoding::Uint:
-            payload.colorUint = UintVec4(payload.colorUint.x(), payload.colorUint.y(), payload.colorUint.z(), 1u);
-            break;
-        case ClearColorEncoding::Float:
-            payload.color = FloatVec4(payload.color.x(), payload.color.y(), payload.color.z(), 1.0f);
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    static Bool PendingClearMatchesTextureIdentity(const PendingClearKey& key, const TextureIdentity& identity) {
-        return key.texture == identity.texture && key.textureLifetimeId == identity.lifetimeId;
-    }
-
-    static Uint32 ResolveAttachmentBaseArrayLayer(TextureUploadTarget target) {
-        if (!IsCubeMapFaceUploadTarget(target)) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        return static_cast<Uint32>(target) - static_cast<Uint32>(TextureUploadTarget::CubeMapPositiveX);
-    }
-
-    static Uint32 ResolveAttachmentBaseArrayLayer(
-        const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferAttachmentObject& attachment) {
-        if (attachment.IsLayered()) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        const TextureUploadTarget uploadTarget = attachment.GetTextureUploadTarget();
-        if (!IsCubeMapFaceUploadTarget(uploadTarget)) {
-            return static_cast<Uint32>(std::max(attachment.GetTextureLayer(), 0));
-        }
-        return ResolveAttachmentBaseArrayLayer(uploadTarget);
+        payload.color = FloatVec4(toLinear(payload.color.x()), toLinear(payload.color.y()), toLinear(payload.color.z()),
+                                  payload.color.w());
    }

    // ResolveAttachmentLayerCount used to be duplicated here, reading attachment.GetSize().z()
@@ -113,425 +75,4 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    // for good, while the very same queued clear cleared all six through the render pass's
    // LOAD_OP_CLEAR. The helper now lives once, in VkTextureManager.h beside ToVulkanLevelExtent.

-    static const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferAttachmentObject* GetClearableAttachment(
-        const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& drawFbo, FramebufferAttachmentType attachmentType) {
-        if (attachmentType == FramebufferAttachmentType::None) {
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-
-        const auto& attachment = drawFbo.GetAttachment(attachmentType);
-        if (!attachment.IsTexture() || attachment.IsRenderbuffer()) {
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-
-        return &attachment;
-    }
-
-    // The texture a pending clear is actually ABOUT. A clear issued through a GL texture view
-    // (ARB_texture_view) targets the storage it views, so it must queue against - and be found
-    // by - the storage texture; keying it on the view instead left the clear invisible to every
-    // materialisation done through the parent's name (and vice versa), so the image stayed in
-    // VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED and the readback was dropped as unreadable.
-    static MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* ClearStorageTextureOf(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture) {
-        if (texture == nullptr) {
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-        const auto& storageOwner = texture->GetViewStorageOwner();
-        return storageOwner ? storageOwner.get() : texture;
-    }
-
-    PendingClearKey VkClearManager::MakePendingClearKey(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* rawTexture, Uint32 mipLevel,
-                                                        Uint32 baseArrayLayer, Uint32 layerCount) {
-        MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture = ClearStorageTextureOf(rawTexture);
-        if (rawTexture != nullptr && texture != rawTexture) {
-            // The caller named a level and a layer of the VIEW; the key describes the STORAGE, so
-            // both have to be shifted into its numbering (GL 4.6 core 8.18). Without this a clear
-            // of a view's level 0 would collide with a clear of the storage's level 0 even when
-            // the view opened onto level 1.
-            mipLevel += static_cast<Uint32>(rawTexture->GetViewMinLevel());
-            baseArrayLayer += static_cast<Uint32>(rawTexture->GetViewMinLayer());
-        }
-        return PendingClearKey {
-            .texture = texture,
-            .textureLifetimeId = texture ? texture->GetLifetimeId() : 0,
-            .mipLevel = mipLevel,
-            .baseArrayLayer = baseArrayLayer,
-            .layerCount = layerCount,
-        };
-    }
-
-    PendingClearKey VkClearManager::MakePendingClearKey(
-        const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferAttachmentObject& attachment) {
-        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(attachment.IsTexture() && !attachment.IsRenderbuffer(),
-                        "MakePendingClearKey requires a texture framebuffer attachment");
-        auto* texture = attachment.GetTexture().get();
-        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(texture != nullptr, "MakePendingClearKey: texture attachment resolved to null");
-        const Uint32 mipLevel = static_cast<Uint32>(std::max(attachment.GetTextureLevel(), 0));
-        const Uint32 baseArrayLayer = ResolveAttachmentBaseArrayLayer(attachment);
-        const Uint32 layerCount = ResolveAttachmentLayerCount(attachment);
-        return MakePendingClearKey(texture, mipLevel, baseArrayLayer, layerCount);
-    }
-
-    Bool VkClearManager::Initialize() {
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    void VkClearManager::Shutdown() {
-        const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-        m_pendingClears.clear();
-        m_aliveObjects.clear();
-        m_pendingCount.store(static_cast<Uint32>(m_pendingClears.size()), std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    }
-
-    TextureIdentity VkClearManager::MakeTextureIdentity(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture) {
-        // Same rule as VkTextureManager::MakeTextureIdentity: a GL texture view is identified by
-        // the storage it views. A clear posted against a view and one posted against its parent
-        // target the same image, so they have to coalesce rather than queue independently.
-        if (texture != nullptr) {
-            const auto& storageOwner = texture->GetViewStorageOwner();
-            if (storageOwner) {
-                texture = storageOwner.get();
-            }
-        }
-        return TextureIdentity {
-            .texture = texture,
-            .lifetimeId = texture ? texture->GetLifetimeId() : 0,
-        };
-    }
-
-    void VkClearManager::MergeClearPayload(ClearAttachmentPayload& dst, const ClearAttachmentPayload& src) {
-        dst.mask |= src.mask;
-        if ((src.mask & GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) != 0) {
-            // The whole colour story travels together (same rule as
-            // VkRenderPassManager::QueueRenderbufferClear): a glClearBufferiv/uiv
-            // payload carries its value in colorInt/colorUint and its branch selector
-            // in colorEncoding - dropping them here would leave the pending clear
-            // reading as an all-zero float one.
-            dst.color = src.color;
-            dst.colorEncoding = src.colorEncoding;
-            dst.colorInt = src.colorInt;
-            dst.colorUint = src.colorUint;
-        }
-        if ((src.mask & GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) != 0) {
-            dst.depth = src.depth;
-        }
-        if ((src.mask & GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT) != 0) {
-            dst.stencil = src.stencil;
-        }
-    }
-
-    void VkClearManager::ErasePendingClearsForTextureLocked(const TextureIdentity& identity) {
-        Vector<PendingClearKey> keysToErase;
-        keysToErase.reserve(m_pendingClears.size());
-        for (auto it = m_pendingClears.begin(); it != m_pendingClears.end(); ++it) {
-            if (PendingClearMatchesTextureIdentity(it->first, identity)) {
-                keysToErase.emplace_back(it->first);
-            }
-        }
-        for (const auto& key : keysToErase) {
-            m_pendingClears.erase(key);
-        }
-        m_aliveObjects.erase(identity);
-        m_pendingCount.store(static_cast<Uint32>(m_pendingClears.size()), std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    }
-
-    Bool VkClearManager::LockTextureIdentityLocked(const TextureIdentity& identity,
-                                                   SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& outTexture) {
-        outTexture.reset();
-        if (identity.texture == nullptr) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        auto aliveIt = m_aliveObjects.find(identity);
-        if (aliveIt == m_aliveObjects.end()) {
-            ErasePendingClearsForTextureLocked(identity);
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        outTexture = aliveIt->second.lock();
-        if (!outTexture || outTexture.get() != identity.texture || outTexture->GetLifetimeId() != identity.lifetimeId) {
-            ErasePendingClearsForTextureLocked(identity);
-            outTexture.reset();
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    Bool VkClearManager::LockTextureLocked(const PendingClearKey& key,
-                                           SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& outTexture) {
-        return LockTextureIdentityLocked(TextureIdentity{
-            .texture = key.texture,
-            .lifetimeId = key.textureLifetimeId,
-        }, outTexture);
-    }
-
-    void VkClearManager::QueueClear(GLbitfield mask, const ClearFramebufferPayload& clearPayload,
-                                    const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& drawFbo) {
-        if (mask & GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) {
-            auto& drawbufs = drawFbo.GetDrawBuffers();
-            // This should automatically work on default & offscreen FBO
-            for (auto drawbuf: drawbufs) {
-                const auto* attachment = GetClearableAttachment(drawFbo, drawbuf);
-                if (!attachment) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                QueueClear({
-                    .mask = GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT,
-                    .color = clearPayload.color
-                }, *attachment);
-
-                MGLOG_D("%s: %s (texture %d) - color = (%.2f, %.2f, %.2f, %.2f)", __func__,
-                    MG_Util::ConvertFramebufferAttachmentTypeToString(drawbuf).c_str(),
-                    attachment->GetTexture()->GetExternalIndex(),
-                    clearPayload.color[0], clearPayload.color[1], clearPayload.color[2], clearPayload.color[3]);
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (mask & GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) {
-            const auto* attachment = GetClearableAttachment(drawFbo, FramebufferAttachmentType::Depth);
-            if (attachment) {
-                QueueClear({
-                    .mask = GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT,
-                    .depth = clearPayload.depth,
-                }, *attachment);
-
-                MGLOG_D("%s: Depth (texture %d) - depth = (%.2f)", __func__,
-                    attachment->GetTexture()->GetExternalIndex(), clearPayload.depth);
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (mask & GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT) {
-            const auto* attachment = GetClearableAttachment(drawFbo, FramebufferAttachmentType::Stencil);
-            if (attachment) {
-                QueueClear({
-                    .mask = GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT,
-                    .stencil = clearPayload.stencil,
-                }, *attachment);
-
-                MGLOG_D("%s: Stencil (texture %d) - stencil = (%u)", __func__,
-                    attachment->GetTexture()->GetExternalIndex(), clearPayload.stencil);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    void VkClearManager::QueueClear(const ClearAttachmentPayload& clearPayload,
-                                    const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& texture) {
-        if (clearPayload.mask == 0 || !texture) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        const auto& storageOwner = texture->GetViewStorageOwner();
-        const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& storageTexture = storageOwner ? storageOwner : texture;
-        const PendingClearKey key = MakePendingClearKey(storageTexture.get());
-        const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-        m_aliveObjects[MakeTextureIdentity(storageTexture.get())] = storageTexture;
-        auto& pending = m_pendingClears[key];
-        MergeClearPayload(pending, clearPayload);
-        m_pendingCount.store(static_cast<Uint32>(m_pendingClears.size()), std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    }
-
-    void VkClearManager::QueueClear(const ClearAttachmentPayload& clearPayload,
-                                    const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferAttachmentObject& attachment) {
-        if (clearPayload.mask == 0 || !attachment.IsTexture() || attachment.IsRenderbuffer()) {
-            return;
-        }
-        const auto texture = attachment.GetTexture();
-        if (!texture) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        const PendingClearKey key = MakePendingClearKey(attachment);
-        // The alive entry must hold the STORAGE object, because the key names it:
-        // LockTextureIdentityLocked cross-checks the two, and registering a view here under its
-        // storage's identity made every lookup of this clear fail that check and silently report
-        // "nothing pending" - which is how a clear issued through a view's framebuffer vanished.
-        const auto& storageOwner = texture->GetViewStorageOwner();
-        const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& storageTexture = storageOwner ? storageOwner : texture;
-        const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-        m_aliveObjects[MakeTextureIdentity(storageTexture.get())] = storageTexture;
-        auto& pending = m_pendingClears[key];
-        MergeClearPayload(pending, clearPayload);
-        m_pendingCount.store(static_cast<Uint32>(m_pendingClears.size()), std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    }
-
-    Bool VkClearManager::HasPendingClear(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture) {
-        if (texture == nullptr) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        if (m_pendingCount.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == 0) {
-            return false;  // per-draw hot path: nothing pending anywhere
-        }
-
-        texture = ClearStorageTextureOf(texture);
-        const Uint64 lifetimeId = texture->GetLifetimeId();
-        const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-        for (auto it = m_pendingClears.begin(); it != m_pendingClears.end(); ++it) {
-            if (it->first.texture == texture && it->first.textureLifetimeId == lifetimeId) {
-                SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> liveTexture;
-                return LockTextureLocked(it->first, liveTexture);
-            }
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    Bool VkClearManager::HasPendingClear(const PendingClearKey& key) {
-        if (key.texture == nullptr) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        if (m_pendingCount.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == 0) {
-            return false;  // per-draw hot path: nothing pending anywhere
-        }
-
-        const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-        if (m_pendingClears.find(key) == m_pendingClears.end()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> liveTexture;
-        return LockTextureLocked(key, liveTexture);
-    }
-
-    Bool VkClearManager::HasPendingClear(const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferAttachmentObject& attachment) {
-        if (!attachment.IsTexture() || attachment.IsRenderbuffer() || !attachment.GetTexture()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        return HasPendingClear(MakePendingClearKey(attachment));
-    }
-
-    Bool VkClearManager::GetPendingClear(const PendingClearKey& key, ClearAttachmentPayload& outPayload) {
-        SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> liveTexture;
-        return GetPendingClear(key, outPayload, liveTexture);
-    }
-
-    Bool VkClearManager::GetPendingClear(const PendingClearKey& key, ClearAttachmentPayload& outPayload,
-                                         SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& outTexture) {
-        if (key.texture == nullptr) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        if (m_pendingCount.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == 0) {
-            return false;  // per-draw hot path: nothing pending anywhere
-        }
-
-        const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-        if (!LockTextureLocked(key, outTexture)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        auto it = m_pendingClears.find(key);
-        if (it == m_pendingClears.end()) {
-            outTexture.reset();
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        outPayload = it->second;
-        MGLOG_D("%s: Got pending clear for texture@%p lifetime=%llu, mip=%u layer=%u count=%u mask=0x%x clear value: color = (%.2f, %.2f, %.2f, %.2f), depth = (%.2f), stencil = (%u)", __func__,
-            static_cast<void*>(key.texture),
-            static_cast<unsigned long long>(key.textureLifetimeId),
-            key.mipLevel, key.baseArrayLayer, key.layerCount,
-            static_cast<Uint32>(outPayload.mask),
-            outPayload.color[0], outPayload.color[1], outPayload.color[2], outPayload.color[3],
-            outPayload.depth,
-            outPayload.stencil);
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    Bool VkClearManager::GetPendingClear(const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferAttachmentObject& attachment,
-                                         ClearAttachmentPayload& outPayload) {
-        if (!attachment.IsTexture() || attachment.IsRenderbuffer() || !attachment.GetTexture()) {
-            MGLOG_D("%s: Failed getting pending clear for non-texture framebuffer attachment", __func__);
-            return false;
-        }
-        return GetPendingClear(MakePendingClearKey(attachment), outPayload);
-    }
-
-    Bool VkClearManager::GetPendingClears(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture,
-                                          Vector<PendingClearEntry>& outEntries) {
-        outEntries.clear();
-        if (texture == nullptr) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        if (m_pendingCount.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == 0) {
-            return false;  // per-draw hot path: nothing pending anywhere
-        }
-
-        texture = ClearStorageTextureOf(texture);
-        const Uint64 lifetimeId = texture->GetLifetimeId();
-        const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-        SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> liveTexture;
-        if (!LockTextureIdentityLocked(MakeTextureIdentity(texture), liveTexture)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        for (auto it = m_pendingClears.begin(); it != m_pendingClears.end(); ++it) {
-            if (it->first.texture == texture && it->first.textureLifetimeId == lifetimeId) {
-                outEntries.emplace_back(PendingClearEntry{.key = it->first, .payload = it->second});
-            }
-        }
-        return !outEntries.empty();
-    }
-
-    void VkClearManager::PopPendingClear(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture) {
-        if (texture == nullptr) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (m_pendingCount.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == 0) {
-            return;  // per-draw hot path: nothing pending anywhere
-        }
-        const TextureIdentity identity = MakeTextureIdentity(texture);
-        MGLOG_D("%s: Pop all pending clears for texture %d", __func__, texture->GetExternalIndex());
-        const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-        ErasePendingClearsForTextureLocked(identity);
-    }
-
-    void VkClearManager::PopPendingClear(const PendingClearKey& key) {
-        if (key.texture == nullptr) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        {
-            const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-            auto it = m_pendingClears.find(key);
-            if (it != m_pendingClears.end()) {
-                m_pendingClears.erase(it);
-            m_pendingCount.store(static_cast<Uint32>(m_pendingClears.size()), std::memory_order_relaxed);
-            }
-        }
-
-        MGLOG_D("%s: Pop pending clear for texture@%p lifetime=%llu mip=%u layer=%u count=%u", __func__,
-                static_cast<void*>(key.texture), static_cast<unsigned long long>(key.textureLifetimeId),
-                key.mipLevel, key.baseArrayLayer, key.layerCount);
-    }
-
-    void VkClearManager::PopPendingClear(const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferAttachmentObject& attachment) {
-        if (!attachment.IsTexture() || attachment.IsRenderbuffer() || !attachment.GetTexture()) {
-            return;
-        }
-        PopPendingClear(MakePendingClearKey(attachment));
-    }
-
-    SizeT VkClearManager::CollectGarbage() {
-        const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-        m_gcCounter++;
-        if (m_gcCounter != 0) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        Vector<TextureIdentity> expiredTextures;
-        expiredTextures.reserve(m_aliveObjects.size());
-        for (auto it = m_aliveObjects.begin(); it != m_aliveObjects.end(); ++it) {
-            if (it->second.expired()) {
-                expiredTextures.emplace_back(it->first);
-            }
-        }
-        if (expiredTextures.empty()) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        for (const auto& identity : expiredTextures) {
-            ErasePendingClearsForTextureLocked(identity);
-        }
-        return expiredTextures.size();
-    }
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan
@@ -29,7 +29,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    // image's format rather than converting between the members - a float written where an
    // integer format is expected is reinterpreted bit for bit, not rounded. Remember which entry
    // point supplied the value so the member written when the clear is materialized matches.
-    enum class ClearColorEncoding : Uint8 { Float, Int, Uint };
+    enum class ClearColorEncoding : Uint8 {
+        Float,
+        Int,
+        Uint
+    };

    struct ClearAttachmentPayload {
        GLbitfield mask = 0;
@@ -46,10 +50,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    // expressed in whichever type matches (GL 4.6 core 15.2.3).
    VkClearColorValue MakeVkClearColorValue(const ClearAttachmentPayload& payload, Bool formatLacksAlpha);

-    // Applies that same rule in place, for the paths that have to bake it into the payload before
-    // the destination is known.
-    void ForceOpaqueClearAlpha(ClearAttachmentPayload& payload);
-
    // vkCmdClearColorImage names the image, so the driver applies the destination format's transfer
    // function to whatever value it is handed. Every other write path in this backend goes through
    // the UNORM twin view while GL_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB is off (ResolveSrgbAttachmentWriteFormat) and
@@ -59,111 +59,4 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
    // encoding itself.
    void PreCompensateSrgbClearColor(ClearAttachmentPayload& payload, VkFormat destinationFormat);

-    struct PendingClearKey {
-        MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture = nullptr;
-        Uint64 textureLifetimeId = 0;
-        Uint32 mipLevel = 0;
-        Uint32 baseArrayLayer = 0;
-        Uint32 layerCount = 1;
-
-        Bool operator==(const PendingClearKey& other) const {
-            return texture == other.texture && textureLifetimeId == other.textureLifetimeId &&
-                   mipLevel == other.mipLevel &&
-                   baseArrayLayer == other.baseArrayLayer && layerCount == other.layerCount;
-        }
-    };
-
-    struct TextureIdentity {
-        MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture = nullptr;
-        Uint64 lifetimeId = 0;
-
-        Bool operator==(const TextureIdentity& other) const {
-            return texture == other.texture && lifetimeId == other.lifetimeId;
-        }
-    };
-
-    struct PendingClearEntry {
-        PendingClearKey key{};
-        ClearAttachmentPayload payload{};
-    };
-
-    struct PendingClearKeyHash {
-        SizeT operator()(const PendingClearKey& key) const {
-            const SizeT textureHash = std::hash<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject*>{}(key.texture);
-            const SizeT textureLifetimeHash = std::hash<Uint64>{}(key.textureLifetimeId);
-            const SizeT mipHash = std::hash<Uint32>{}(key.mipLevel);
-            const SizeT layerHash = std::hash<Uint32>{}(key.baseArrayLayer);
-            const SizeT layerCountHash = std::hash<Uint32>{}(key.layerCount);
-            SizeT hash = textureHash;
-            hash ^= textureLifetimeHash + 0x9e3779b9u + (hash << 6) + (hash >> 2);
-            hash ^= mipHash + 0x9e3779b9u + (hash << 6) + (hash >> 2);
-            hash ^= layerHash + 0x9e3779b9u + (hash << 6) + (hash >> 2);
-            hash ^= layerCountHash + 0x9e3779b9u + (hash << 6) + (hash >> 2);
-            return hash;
-        }
-    };
-
-    struct TextureIdentityHash {
-        SizeT operator()(const TextureIdentity& key) const {
-            SizeT hash = std::hash<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject*>{}(key.texture);
-            hash ^= std::hash<Uint64>{}(key.lifetimeId) + 0x9e3779b9u + (hash << 6) + (hash >> 2);
-            return hash;
-        }
-    };
-
-    class VkClearManager {
-    public:
-        static PendingClearKey MakePendingClearKey(const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferAttachmentObject& attachment);
-        // Resolves a GL texture view to the storage it views before keying; see the definition.
-        static PendingClearKey MakePendingClearKey(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* rawTexture, Uint32 mipLevel = 0,
-                                                   Uint32 baseArrayLayer = 0, Uint32 layerCount = 1);
-
-        Bool Initialize();
-        void Shutdown();
-
-        void QueueClear(GLbitfield mask, const ClearFramebufferPayload& clearPayload, const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& drawFbo);
-        void QueueClear(
-            const ClearAttachmentPayload& clearPayload,
-            const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& texture);
-        void QueueClear(const ClearAttachmentPayload& clearPayload,
-                        const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferAttachmentObject& attachment);
-        Bool HasPendingClear(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture);
-        Bool HasPendingClear(const PendingClearKey& key);
-        Bool HasPendingClear(const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferAttachmentObject& attachment);
-        Bool GetPendingClear(const PendingClearKey& key, ClearAttachmentPayload& outPayload);
-        Bool GetPendingClear(const PendingClearKey& key, ClearAttachmentPayload& outPayload,
-                             SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& outTexture);
-        Bool GetPendingClear(const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferAttachmentObject& attachment,
-                             ClearAttachmentPayload& outPayload);
-        Bool GetPendingClears(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture, Vector<PendingClearEntry>& outEntries);
-        void PopPendingClear(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture);
-        void PopPendingClear(const PendingClearKey& key);
-        void PopPendingClear(const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferAttachmentObject& attachment);
-        SizeT CollectGarbage();
-    private:
-        static TextureIdentity MakeTextureIdentity(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture);
-        static void MergeClearPayload(ClearAttachmentPayload& dst, const ClearAttachmentPayload& src);
-        void ErasePendingClearsForTextureLocked(const TextureIdentity& identity);
-        Bool LockTextureIdentityLocked(const TextureIdentity& identity,
-                                      SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& outTexture);
-        Bool LockTextureLocked(const PendingClearKey& key,
-                               SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& outTexture);
-
-        Uint8 m_gcCounter = 0;
-    public:
-        // Lock-free probe for the consecutive-draw fast path: any pending clear
-        // forces the full SetupDraw path (which materializes/consumes it).
-        Bool HasAnyPendingClears() const { return m_pendingCount.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) != 0; }
-
-    private:
-        mutable std::mutex m_mutex;
-        // Lock-free mirror of m_pendingClears.size(), maintained under m_mutex
-        // by every mutation. The per-draw probes (HasPendingClear/GetPending*)
-        // read it before taking the lock: during draw batches the pending set
-        // is almost always empty, so this turns several locked map probes per
-        // draw into one relaxed load.
-        std::atomic<Uint32> m_pendingCount{0};
-        std::unordered_map<PendingClearKey, ClearAttachmentPayload, PendingClearKeyHash> m_pendingClears;
-        std::unordered_map<TextureIdentity, WeakPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>, TextureIdentityHash> m_aliveObjects;
-    };
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan
@@ -20,61 +20,24 @@
 #include <vk_mem_alloc.h>

 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
-    enum class TrackedAttachmentTarget : Uint8 {
-        Texture,
-        Renderbuffer,
-        SwapchainColor,
-        SwapchainDepthStencil
-    };
-
-    struct PendingClearAttachmentInfo {
-        // Index into the render pass attachment descriptions (VkRenderPassBeginInfo::pClearValues space).
-        Uint32 attachmentIndex = 0;
-        // Index into the subpass pColorAttachments (VkClearAttachment::colorAttachment space) — the GL
-        // draw-buffer slot. Differs from attachmentIndex when earlier slots are GL_NONE/incomplete.
-        // Only meaningful for color clears.
-        Uint32 colorAttachmentSlot = 0;
-        PendingClearKey key{};
-        MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject* renderbuffer = nullptr;
-        Bool hasInlinePayload = false;
-        ClearAttachmentPayload inlinePayload{};
-    };
-
-    struct TrackedAttachmentLayoutInfo {
-        TrackedAttachmentTarget target = TrackedAttachmentTarget::Texture;
-        WeakPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> texture;
-        // Identity-compare shortcut for the per-draw "does the active pass use
-        // this sampled texture" probe: comparing this against a LIVE texture's
-        // address needs no weak_ptr::lock (two refcount atomics per probe).
-        // May dangle once the texture dies - compare only, never dereference.
-        MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* textureRaw = nullptr;
-        WeakPtr<MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject> renderbuffer;
-        Uint32 textureMipLevel = 0;
-        Uint32 swapchainImageIndex = 0;
-        VkImageLayout finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
-    };
-
    struct DepthStencilAttachmentLoadInfo {
        VkAttachmentLoadOp depthLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD;
        VkAttachmentLoadOp stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD;
        VkImageLayout initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
    };

-    DepthStencilAttachmentLoadInfo ResolveDepthStencilAttachmentLoadInfo(
-        VkImageLayout trackedLayout, Bool clearDepth, Bool clearStencil);
+    DepthStencilAttachmentLoadInfo ResolveDepthStencilAttachmentLoadInfo(VkImageLayout trackedLayout, Bool clearDepth,
+                                                                         Bool clearStencil);
    IntVec2 ResolveRenderPassFramebufferExtent(Bool isDefaultFbo, const TextureSize& attachmentExtent,
                                               VkExtent2D swapchainExtent);

    struct RenderPassEntry {
        // Per Magma session (MagmaSession.h): each session's renderer is its own device.
        static inline SessionLocal<VkDevice> s_device;
-        static inline thread_local Vector<VkTextureManager::TextureResource*> s_textureResourcesScratch;
        Uint64 hash = 0;
        VkRenderPass renderPass = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        VkFramebuffer framebuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        Uint64 compatibilityHash = 0;
-        Vector<PendingClearAttachmentInfo> pendingClearAttachments;
-        Vector<TrackedAttachmentLayoutInfo> trackedAttachmentLayouts;
        Uint32 attachmentCount = 0;
        Uint32 colorAttachmentCount = 0;
        Bool hasDepthStencilAttachment = false;
@@ -84,6 +47,14 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        Uint32 layers = 1;
        // Frame counter value of the last GetOrCreateRenderPass hit; drives cache eviction.
        Uint64 lastUsedFrame = 0;
+        // P15 S0 (wire passes only): what the render pass was created from, and the render
+        // passes that differ from it only in loading some attachments with LOAD_OP_CLEAR. Load ops
+        // are not part of render-pass compatibility, so a variant begins with this entry's own
+        // framebuffer and runs every pipeline created against `renderPass`.
+        Vector<VkAttachmentDescription> wireAttachments;
+        Vector<VkAttachmentReference> wireColors;
+        VkAttachmentReference wireDepth{VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL};
+        Vector<std::pair<Uint64, VkRenderPass>> clearVariants;

        RenderPassEntry() = default;
        RenderPassEntry(const RenderPassEntry&) = delete;
@@ -92,8 +63,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            std::swap(renderPass, that.renderPass);
            std::swap(framebuffer, that.framebuffer);
            std::swap(compatibilityHash, that.compatibilityHash);
-            std::swap(pendingClearAttachments, that.pendingClearAttachments);
-            std::swap(trackedAttachmentLayouts, that.trackedAttachmentLayouts);
            std::swap(attachmentCount, that.attachmentCount);
            std::swap(colorAttachmentCount, that.colorAttachmentCount);
            std::swap(hasDepthStencilAttachment, that.hasDepthStencilAttachment);
@@ -101,6 +70,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            std::swap(extent, that.extent);
            std::swap(layers, that.layers);
            std::swap(lastUsedFrame, that.lastUsedFrame);
+            std::swap(wireAttachments, that.wireAttachments);
+            std::swap(wireColors, that.wireColors);
+            std::swap(wireDepth, that.wireDepth);
+            std::swap(clearVariants, that.clearVariants);
        }
        // Move ASSIGNMENT, not just construction. The move constructor above and the
        // destructor below each independently suppress the implicit one, which left the
@@ -126,8 +99,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                std::swap(renderPass, that.renderPass);
                std::swap(framebuffer, that.framebuffer);
                std::swap(compatibilityHash, that.compatibilityHash);
-                std::swap(pendingClearAttachments, that.pendingClearAttachments);
-                std::swap(trackedAttachmentLayouts, that.trackedAttachmentLayouts);
                std::swap(attachmentCount, that.attachmentCount);
                std::swap(colorAttachmentCount, that.colorAttachmentCount);
                std::swap(hasDepthStencilAttachment, that.hasDepthStencilAttachment);
@@ -135,36 +106,16 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
                std::swap(extent, that.extent);
                std::swap(layers, that.layers);
                std::swap(lastUsedFrame, that.lastUsedFrame);
+                std::swap(wireAttachments, that.wireAttachments);
+                std::swap(wireColors, that.wireColors);
+                std::swap(wireDepth, that.wireDepth);
+                std::swap(clearVariants, that.clearVariants);
            }
            return *this;
        }
-        RenderPassEntry(
-            Uint64 hash,
-            VkRenderPass renderpass,
-            VkFramebuffer framebuffer,
-            Uint64 compatibilityHash,
-            const Vector<PendingClearAttachmentInfo>& pendingClearAttachments,
-            const Vector<TrackedAttachmentLayoutInfo>& trackedAttachmentLayouts,
-            Uint32 attachmentCount,
-            Uint32 colorAttachmentCount,
-            Bool hasDepthStencilAttachment,
-            VkSampleCountFlagBits sampleCount,
-            IntVec2 extent, Uint32 layers):
-            hash(hash),
-            renderPass(renderpass),
-            framebuffer(framebuffer),
-            compatibilityHash(compatibilityHash),
-            pendingClearAttachments(Move(pendingClearAttachments)),
-            trackedAttachmentLayouts(Move(trackedAttachmentLayouts)),
-            attachmentCount(attachmentCount),
-            colorAttachmentCount(colorAttachmentCount),
-            hasDepthStencilAttachment(hasDepthStencilAttachment),
-            sampleCount(sampleCount),
-            extent(extent),
-            layers(layers)
-        {}
-
        ~RenderPassEntry() {
+            for (const auto& variant : clearVariants)
+                if (variant.second != VK_NULL_HANDLE) vkDestroyRenderPass(s_device.Get(), variant.second, nullptr);
            if (renderPass != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
                vkDestroyRenderPass(s_device.Get(), renderPass, nullptr);
            }
@@ -177,124 +128,49 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
            return this->compatibilityHash == that.compatibilityHash;
        }

-        Bool CompatibleWith(Uint64 compatibilityHash) const {
-            return this->compatibilityHash == compatibilityHash;
-        }
+        Bool CompatibleWith(Uint64 compatibilityHash) const { return this->compatibilityHash == compatibilityHash; }
    };

    struct ActiveRenderPassInfo {
        Uint64 hash = 0;
        Uint64 compatibilityHash = 0;
        VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-        Vector<TrackedAttachmentLayoutInfo> trackedAttachmentLayouts;
        IntVec2 extent = {0, 0};

-        Bool CompatibleWith(const RenderPassEntry& that) const {
-            return compatibilityHash == that.compatibilityHash;
-        }
+        Bool CompatibleWith(const RenderPassEntry& that) const { return compatibilityHash == that.compatibilityHash; }

-        Bool CompatibleWith(Uint64 thatCompatibilityHash) const {
-            return compatibilityHash == thatCompatibilityHash;
-        }
+        Bool CompatibleWith(Uint64 thatCompatibilityHash) const { return compatibilityHash == thatCompatibilityHash; }
    };

    class VkRenderPassManager {
    public:
        using HashType = Uint64;

-        // Notified once per OnPresent sweep with every aged-out entry's VkRenderPass
-        // value: pipelines are hashed on the raw handle, and once destroyed the value
-        // may be recycled for an incompatible pass, so dependent caches must purge
-        // everything keyed on them before any new pass can be created (the sweep and
-        // the notification run back-to-back with no creation in between; observers
-        // compare the values, never dereference them). Batched so a mass-idle cohort
-        // (shader-pack switch, dimension exit) costs the observer one pipeline-cache
-        // scan, not one per dying pass. The wholesale paths
-        // (Shutdown/RecreateSwapchain) do not notify - their callers already drop
-        // every pipeline outright.
-        class IEvictionObserver {
-        public:
-            virtual ~IEvictionObserver() = default;
-            virtual void OnRenderPassesDestroyed(const Vector<VkRenderPass>& renderPasses) = 0;
-        };
-
-        VkRenderPassManager(VkDevice device,
-            VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, VmaAllocator allocator, const VulkanRendererConfig& config,
-            VkClearManager& clearManager, VkTextureManager& textureManager, SwapchainObject& swapchainObject);
+        VkRenderPassManager(VkDevice device, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, VmaAllocator allocator,
+                            const VulkanRendererConfig& config, VkTextureManager& textureManager,
+                            SwapchainObject& swapchainObject);
        ~VkRenderPassManager();

-        // Observer may be null (no notifications). Not owned.
-        void SetEvictionObserver(IEvictionObserver* observer) { m_evictionObserver = observer; }
-
        Bool Initialize();
        void Shutdown();
        // The surface target the default framebuffer currently names (VulkanRenderer's surface
        // targets): a default-framebuffer pass of one surface is not another's.
-        void SetDefaultFramebufferTarget(Uint64 serial) {
-            m_defaultFramebufferTarget = serial;
-            m_rpFastValid = false;
-        }
-        // Destroys every cached pass and framebuffer (not the renderbuffers). The device must be
-        // idle and no pass may be open: a surface target's image views are going away.
-        void PurgeRenderPasses();
-
-        HashType ComputeHash(
-            const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& fbo,
-            Uint32 swapchainImageIndex,
-            Bool includePendingClear = true,
-            Bool includeDefaultFboDepthStencil = true);
-        // drawUsesDepthStencil: whether the operation about to run inside the pass
-        // reads or writes the depth/stencil buffer (depth test or stencil test
-        // enabled, or a depth/stencil clear). Only consulted for the DEFAULT
-        // framebuffer: EGL undefines its ancillary buffers at every swap, so a
-        // default-FBO pass whose draws provably never touch depth/stencil is
-        // created WITHOUT the depth attachment - on a tiler that skips the whole
-        // depth tile load AND store. The flavor only escalates: once a pass with
-        // depth is active, later depth-less draws keep using it, and a depth-using
-        // draw against a depth-less active pass resolves to a new (incompatible)
-        // entry, which the caller's compatibility check turns into a pass split;
-        // the new pass's depth loads DONT_CARE (content was undefined all along).
-        //
-        // Returns NULLPTR when this framebuffer cannot be represented as a Vulkan render pass at
-        // all - a texture the texture manager declined to back (an unsupported format or sample
-        // count), or an attachment view it cannot construct (a layer span the image has no room
-        // for, a 3D image whose format was refused 2D-array compatibility). This used to be
-        // unrepresentable: the function returned a reference, so the only thing the two fallible
-        // calls it builds on could do was trip a MOBILEGL_ASSERT - which is compiled out of every
-        // INFO build - and then dereference the null resource, or hand VK_NULL_HANDLE to
-        // vkCreateFramebuffer. That took the whole process down (51 lost CTS records over 21
-        // bodies, one runner restart each) where a declined draw is merely a wrong picture.
-        //
-        // EVERY caller must handle nullptr by dropping the operation, exactly as the draw path
-        // already drops a draw whose sampler descriptor could not be resolved
-        // (UniformManager::BindProgramUniformBuffers). The failure paths log MGLOG_E_ONCE
-        // themselves, so a caller needs no message of its own.
-        [[nodiscard]] RenderPassEntry* GetOrCreateRenderPass(const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& fbo,
-                                                             Uint32 swapchainImageIndex,
-                                                             Bool drawUsesDepthStencil = true);
-        void QueueRenderbufferClear(GLbitfield mask, const ClearFramebufferPayload& clearPayload,
-                                    const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& drawFbo);
-        void QueueRenderbufferClear(const ClearAttachmentPayload& clearPayload,
-                                    const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferAttachmentObject& attachment);
-        void PopPendingRenderbufferClear(MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject* renderbuffer);
-        // Frame boundary hook: ages the render-pass cache and evicts long-unused
-        // entries (their command buffers retired many frames ago).
-        void OnPresent();
+        void SetDefaultFramebufferTarget(Uint64 serial) { m_defaultFramebufferTarget = serial; }
        static Bool BeginRenderPass(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, RenderPassEntry& renderPassEntry);
+        // P15 S0: begins `renderPassEntry` through `renderPass` (one of its clear-load variants)
+        // with these clear values; it is active as the entry itself, so a draw continues it.
+        static Bool BeginRenderPass(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, RenderPassEntry& renderPassEntry,
+                                    VkRenderPass renderPass, const VkClearValue* clearValues, Uint32 clearValueCount);
        static Bool EndRenderPass(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer);
        static ActiveRenderPassInfo* GetActiveRenderPass();
+
    private:
        VkDevice m_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        VkPhysicalDevice m_physicalDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
        VmaAllocator m_allocator = nullptr;
        const VulkanRendererConfig& m_config;
-        VkClearManager& m_clearManager;
        VkTextureManager& m_textureManager;
        SwapchainObject& m_swapchainObject;
-        UnorderedMap<Uint64, RenderPassEntry> m_renderPasses;
-        // Monotonic frame counter (bumped in OnPresent) for render-pass cache aging.
-        Uint64 m_frameCounter = 0;
-        IEvictionObserver* m_evictionObserver = nullptr;

        // Bumped whenever a renderbuffer VkImage is (re)created; together with the texture
        // manager's image epoch this invalidates the render-pass fast path on any attachment
@@ -307,128 +183,17 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
        Uint64 GetRenderbufferImageEpoch() const { return m_renderbufferImageEpoch; }

    private:
-
-        // Per-draw fast-path memo for GetOrCreateRenderPass (dirty-flag state tracking): when the
-        // framebuffer state is provably unchanged since the last resolution, the active render pass
-        // is reused WITHOUT recomputing the expensive per-draw hash. Invalidated by FBO switch /
-        // version change, swapchain rotation, any attachment image recreation (the two epochs),
-        // or a pending clear. Portable to Vulkan 1.1 (no dynamic_rendering / imageless FB needed).
        Uint64 m_defaultFramebufferTarget = 0;
-        Bool m_rpFastValid = false;
-        const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject* m_rpFastFbo = nullptr;
-        // The FBO's never-reused lifetime id joins the raw pointer + Uint16 version:
-        // a deleted FBO reallocated at the same address whose fresh setup performed
-        // the same number of version bumps would otherwise compare equal (both count
-        // from 0), serving the dead framebuffer's pass to the new object.
-        Uint64 m_rpFastFboLifetimeId = 0;
-        Uint16 m_rpFastFboVersion = 0;
-        Uint32 m_rpFastSwapchainIndex = 0;
-        Uint64 m_rpFastTexEpoch = 0;
-        Uint64 m_rpFastRbEpoch = 0;
-        Uint64 m_rpFastRenderPassHash = 0;
-        // Whether the memoized entry carries a depth/stencil attachment; a
-        // default-FBO resolution whose effective depth request differs must
-        // miss the memo (the depth-less/depth-full flavors hash differently).
-        Bool m_rpFastHadDepthStencil = false;

-    public:
-        struct RenderbufferResource {
-            // deadSinceFrame sentinel: the owning weak reference has not been observed
-            // expired. Dead resources age past every in-flight frame before Destroy
-            // (see CollectRenderbufferGarbage); the GPU may still reference the image
-            // for frames-in-flight frames after the GL object dies.
-            static constexpr Uint64 kNeverObservedDead = UINT64_MAX;
-
-            WeakPtr<MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject> renderbuffer;
-            VkImage image = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            VmaAllocation allocation = nullptr;
-            VkImageView view = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            // UNORM reinterpretation of an sRGB image, used as the attachment view while
-            // GL_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB is disabled (raw writes). Null for non-sRGB formats.
-            VkImageView unormTwinView = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            VkImageLayout layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
-            VkFormat format = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
-            VkImageAspectFlags aspect = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_NONE;
-            VkExtent2D extent = {0, 0};
-            VkSampleCountFlagBits sampleCount = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
-            TextureInternalFormat internalFormat = TextureInternalFormat::Unknown;
-            Int samples = 0;
-            // m_frameCounter value at which the weak reference was first seen expired.
-            Uint64 deadSinceFrame = kNeverObservedDead;
-
-            void Destroy(VkDevice device, VmaAllocator allocator);
-        };
-
-        // Public so the renderer's blit/copy/readback bindings can source renderbuffer
-        // attachments the same way texture attachments go through the texture manager.
-        RenderbufferResource* GetOrCreateRenderbufferResource(
-            const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject>& renderbuffer);
-        Bool GetPendingRenderbufferClear(MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject* renderbuffer,
-                                         ClearAttachmentPayload& outPayload) const;
-
-    private:
-        struct PendingRenderbufferClear {
-            WeakPtr<MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject> renderbuffer;
-            ClearAttachmentPayload payload{};
-        };
-
-        // A superseded renderbuffer backing (glRenderbufferStorage respecify) parked
-        // until enough frame boundaries have passed that no in-flight command buffer
-        // can still reference it; destroyed in OnPresent (see RetireAgeFrames).
-        struct DeferredRenderbufferRelease {
-            VkImage image = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            VmaAllocation allocation = nullptr;
-            VkImageView view = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            VkImageView unormTwinView = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            Uint64 deferredAtFrame = 0;
-        };
-
-        // Node-based std::unordered_map, deliberately NOT the open-addressing UnorderedMap:
-        // callers cache a RenderbufferResource* - or a bare &resource->layout - and then make further
-        // calls that touch this map. BlitFramebuffer is the one that bit: it resolves the source and
-        // destination colour bindings (ResolveColorBlitBinding caches &rbResource->layout), then
-        // materializes the source's pending clear, which looks that same resource up again. Growing
-        // an open-addressed table relocates every element, so the cached pointer went on to name
-        // freed storage still holding the pre-clear VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED; BlitFramebuffer bailed
-        // out at "source image layout is undefined", silently dropping the blit -
-        // renderbuffers_storage_multisample read back zero instead of the clear colour on exactly the
-        // iterations that grew the table.
-        //
-        // Reordering the materialize ahead of the resolves - the fix ReadPixels got - does not cover
-        // this: the destination resolve still runs after the source pointer is taken. The depth blit,
-        // GetOrCreateRenderPass's depthRenderbufferResource and ReadDepthStencilPixels cache the same
-        // kind of pointer, so the invariant belongs in the container rather than in a per-call-site
-        // ordering rule. m_textureResources is node-based for the same reason.
-        //
-        // The case for keeping this node-based got STRONGER with ska::flat_hash_map, so do not read
-        // the paragraph above as merely historical: ska erases by shifting the rest of the probe
-        // cluster backwards into the hole, so erasing one renderbuffer relocates OTHER renderbuffers'
-        // entries - a cached pointer can now be invalidated by a key it has nothing to do with, which
-        // no call-site ordering rule can defend against. (What did change: ska's operator[] returns on
-        // a hit before it runs its grow check, so a plain lookup of a PRESENT key no longer relocates.
-        // That narrows the insert hazard; it does not touch the erase one.)
-        std::unordered_map<MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject*, RenderbufferResource> m_renderbufferResources;
-        UnorderedMap<MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject*, PendingRenderbufferClear> m_pendingRenderbufferClears;
-        Vector<DeferredRenderbufferRelease> m_deferredRenderbufferReleases;
        // Supported sample counts per attachment format, so per-draw resource lookups
        // do not repeat vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties.
        UnorderedMap<VkFormat, VkSampleCountFlags> m_attachmentSampleCountsByFormat;

-        Bool HasPendingRenderbufferClear(
-            const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferAttachmentObject& attachment) const;
-        void CollectRenderbufferGarbage();
-        // Frame-boundary margin after which a resource last referenced by a retired
-        // GL object (or superseded backing) is provably past every in-flight frame.
-        Uint64 RetireAgeFrames() const;
-        void DeferRenderbufferBackingRelease(RenderbufferResource& resource);
-        void CollectDeferredRenderbufferReleases(Bool destroyAll);
-
        static inline thread_local XXH64_state_t* m_hashState = XXH64_createState();
        // Per Magma session (MagmaSession.h): one session's open render pass and managers are not
        // another's.
        static inline SessionLocal<ActiveRenderPassInfo> s_activeRenderPass;
        static inline SessionLocal<Bool> s_hasActiveRenderPass;
-        static inline SessionLocal<VkClearManager*> s_clearManager;
        static inline SessionLocal<VkTextureManager*> s_textureManager;
        static inline SessionLocal<SwapchainObject*> s_swapchainObject;
        static inline SessionLocal<VkRenderPassManager*> s_renderPassManager;
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