[Fix] (MG_Backend/DirectVulkan): Add namespace qualifier to Version type.

Merge Perf/improvement1 to dev

.clang-tidy

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ bugprone-forwarding-reference-overload,
 bugprone-inaccurate-erase,
 bugprone-incorrect-roundings,
 bugprone-integer-division,
-bugprone-lambda-function-name,
 bugprone-macro-parentheses,
 bugprone-macro-repeated-side-effects,
 bugprone-misplaced-operator-in-strlen-in-alloc,
@@ -63,7 +62,6 @@ cert-str34-c,
 cppcoreguidelines-interfaces-global-init,
 cppcoreguidelines-narrowing-conversions,
 cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-member-init,
-cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-static-cast-downcast,
 cppcoreguidelines-slicing,
 google-default-arguments,
 google-runtime-operator,

.github/workflows/benchmark.yml

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ on:
     branches: 
       - dev
       - Feat/Backend-Direct-GLES
+      - Feat/Backend-Direct-Vulkan
 
 jobs:
   benchmark:
@@ -27,6 +28,13 @@ jobs:
       - name: Get CMake
         uses: lukka/get-cmake@latest
 
+      - name: Prepare Vulkan SDK
+        uses: humbletim/setup-vulkan-sdk@v1.2.1
+        with:
+          vulkan-query-version: 1.4.304.1
+          vulkan-components: Vulkan-Headers, Vulkan-Loader
+          vulkan-use-cache: true
+
       - name: Update glslang external sources
         working-directory: ${{env.BENCH_ROOT}}/3rdparty/glslang
         run: python update_glslang_sources.py
@@ -34,7 +42,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install clang-20
         run: |
           sudo apt-get update
-          sudo apt-get install -y clang-20 clang++-20 lld-20 libc++-20-dev libc++abi-20-dev
+          sudo apt-get install -y clang-20 clang++-20 lld-20 libc++-20-dev libc++abi-20-dev libvulkan-dev
 
       - name: Show installed toolchain
         run: |

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ on:
     branches:
       - dev
       - Feat/Backend-Direct-GLES
+      - Feat/Backend-Direct-Vulkan
 
 jobs:
   test:
@@ -27,6 +28,13 @@ jobs:
       - name: Get CMake
         uses: lukka/get-cmake@latest
 
+      - name: Prepare Vulkan SDK
+        uses: humbletim/setup-vulkan-sdk@v1.2.1
+        with:
+          vulkan-query-version: 1.4.304.1
+          vulkan-components: Vulkan-Headers, Vulkan-Loader
+          vulkan-use-cache: true
+
       - name: Update glslang external sources
         working-directory: ${{env.TEST_ROOT}}/3rdparty/glslang
         run: python update_glslang_sources.py
@@ -34,7 +42,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install clang-20
         run: |
           sudo apt-get update
-          sudo apt-get install -y clang-20 clang++-20 lld-20 libc++-20-dev libc++abi-20-dev
+          sudo apt-get install -y clang-20 clang++-20 lld-20 libc++-20-dev libc++abi-20-dev libvulkan-dev
 
       - name: Show installed toolchain
         run: |

.gitignore

@@ -14,3 +14,8 @@ MobileGLCodeManager
 .vscode
 .clangd
 MobileGL/MG_Test/build
+/build_*
+/cmake-build*
+.idea
+MobileGL/MG*/build*
+MobileGL/MG*/cmake-build*

.gitmodules

@@ -13,3 +13,18 @@
 [submodule "3rdparty/tracy"]
 	path = 3rdparty/tracy
 	url = https://github.com/wolfpld/tracy.git
+[submodule "3rdparty/xxHash"]
+	path = 3rdparty/xxHash
+	url = https://github.com/Cyan4973/xxHash.git
+[submodule "3rdparty/VulkanMemoryAllocator"]
+	path = 3rdparty/VulkanMemoryAllocator
+	url = https://github.com/GPUOpen-LibrariesAndSDKs/VulkanMemoryAllocator.git
+[submodule "3rdparty/Vulkan-Utility-Libraries"]
+	path = 3rdparty/Vulkan-Utility-Libraries
+	url = https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-Utility-Libraries.git
+[submodule "3rdparty/Vulkan-Headers"]
+	path = 3rdparty/Vulkan-Headers
+	url = https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-Headers.git
+[submodule "3rdparty/SPIRV-Reflect"]
+	path = 3rdparty/SPIRV-Reflect
+	url = https://github.com/KhronosGroup/SPIRV-Reflect.git

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -104,9 +104,24 @@ set(SPIRV_CROSS_ENABLE_CPP     OFF CACHE BOOL "Disable C++ API target" FORCE)
 set(SPIRV_CROSS_CLI            OFF CACHE BOOL "Disable CLI binary" FORCE)
 set(SPIRV_CROSS_STATIC         ON  CACHE BOOL "Prefer static libs" FORCE)
 
+set(SPIRV_REFLECT_EXECUTABLE     OFF CACHE BOOL "Build spirv-reflect executable" FORCE)
+set(SPIRV_REFLECT_STATIC_LIB     ON  CACHE BOOL "Build a SPIRV-Reflect static library" FORCE)
+set(SPIRV_REFLECT_BUILD_TESTS    OFF CACHE BOOL "Build the SPIRV-Reflect test suite" FORCE)
+set(SPIRV_REFLECT_ENABLE_ASSERTS OFF CACHE BOOL  "Enable asserts for debugging" FORCE)
+set(SPIRV_REFLECT_ENABLE_ASAN    OFF CACHE BOOL "Use address sanitization" FORCE)
+set(SPIRV_REFLECT_INSTALL        OFF CACHE BOOL "Whether to install" FORCE)
+
 # add_subdirectory(3rdparty/DiligentCore)
 add_subdirectory(3rdparty/glslang)
 add_subdirectory(3rdparty/SPIRV-Cross)
+add_subdirectory(3rdparty/VulkanMemoryAllocator)
+add_subdirectory(3rdparty/Vulkan-Headers)
+add_subdirectory(3rdparty/Vulkan-Utility-Libraries)
+add_subdirectory(3rdparty/SPIRV-Reflect)
+
+set(XXHASH_BUILD_XXHSUM OFF)
+option(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS OFF)
+add_subdirectory(3rdparty/xxHash/build/cmake xxhash_build EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
 
 set(TRACY_ENABLE ${MOBILEGL_ENABLE_TRACY} CACHE BOOL "Enable Tracy, this is an internal variable" FORCE)
 
@@ -123,6 +138,7 @@ endif ()
 set(SOURCE_FILES
     MobileGL/Init.cpp
     MobileGL/GlobalObjects.cpp
+    MobileGL/ConfigLoader.cpp
 
     MobileGL/MG_Util/Debug/Log.cpp
 
@@ -154,6 +170,8 @@ set(SOURCE_FILES
     MobileGL/MG_Util/Converters/GLToMG/RenderStateEnumConverter.cpp
     MobileGL/MG_Util/Converters/GLToMG/ProgramEnumConverter.cpp
     MobileGL/MG_Util/Converters/MGToMG/TextureEnumConverter.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Util/Converters/MGToVk/RenderStateEnumConverter.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Util/Converters/MGToVk/TextureEnumConverter.cpp
 
     MobileGL/MG_Util/Classifiers/TextureEnumClassifier.cpp
 
@@ -164,6 +182,7 @@ set(SOURCE_FILES
     MobileGL/MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpirvPasses/EliminateFloatEqualsZeroPass.cpp
 
     MobileGL/MG_Util/BackendLoaders/OpenGL/Loader.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Util/BackendLoaders/Vulkan/Loader.cpp
 
     MobileGL/MG_Util/Texture/PixelStoreProcessor.cpp
     MobileGL/MG_Util/Texture/TextureFormatProcessor.cpp
@@ -204,7 +223,27 @@ set(SOURCE_FILES
     MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/Utils.cpp
     MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/Managers.cpp
 
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/DirectVulkan.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/BackendObject_DirectVulkan.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/VmaImpl.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VulkanRenderer.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/SwapchainObject.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/FrameContext.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/PipelineFactory.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/ProgramFactory.cpp
+        MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/UniformManager.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/BufferArena.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkBufferManager.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VertexInputStateBuilder.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VertexInputStateFactory.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkBufferObject.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkTextureManager.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkSamplerManager.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkClearManager.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkRenderPassManager.cpp
+
     MobileGL/MG_State/GLState/Core.cpp
+    MobileGL/MG_State/EGLState/Core.cpp
     MobileGL/MG_State/GLState/ErrorState/Error.cpp
     MobileGL/MG_State/GLState/BufferState/BufferState.cpp
     MobileGL/MG_State/GLState/BufferState/BufferObject.cpp
@@ -236,8 +275,20 @@ set(MOBILEGL_LINK_LIBRARIES
         spirv-cross-c
         SPIRV-Tools-opt
         SPIRV-Tools
+        xxHash::xxhash
+        GPUOpen::VulkanMemoryAllocator
+        Vulkan::UtilityHeaders
+        spirv-reflect-static
 )
 
+set(MOBILEGL_COMPILE_DEF
+        -DVMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS=0
+        -DVMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS=1
+        -DVMA_VULKAN_VERSION=1001000
+)
+
+message(STATUS "MOBILEGL_COMPILE_DEF=${MOBILEGL_COMPILE_DEF}")
+
 set(MOBILEGL_INCLUDE_DIR
         ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/include
         ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/MobileGL
@@ -270,10 +321,15 @@ target_include_directories(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC
 )
 
 target_link_libraries(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}
-    PRIVATE
+    PUBLIC
     ${MOBILEGL_LINK_LIBRARIES}
 )
 
+target_compile_definitions(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}
+        PUBLIC
+        ${MOBILEGL_COMPILE_DEF}
+)
+
 if(NOT ANDROID)
     add_library(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}_s STATIC 
         ${SOURCE_FILES}
@@ -298,9 +354,14 @@ if(NOT ANDROID)
     )
 
     target_link_libraries(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}_s
-        PRIVATE
+        PUBLIC
         ${MOBILEGL_LINK_LIBRARIES}
     )
+
+    target_compile_definitions(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}_s
+            PUBLIC
+            ${MOBILEGL_COMPILE_DEF}
+    )
 endif()
 
 if (TRACY_ENABLE)
@@ -314,13 +375,24 @@ if (ANDROID)
     target_link_libraries(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC
         android
         log
+        vulkan
     )
 endif()
 
-if (MOBILEGL_BUILD_TEST)
-    add_subdirectory(MobileGL/MG_Test)
-endif()
+if (NOT ANDROID)
+    find_package(Vulkan)
+    if (Vulkan_FOUND)
+        target_link_libraries(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC Vulkan::Vulkan Vulkan::Headers)
+        target_link_libraries(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}_s PUBLIC Vulkan::Vulkan Vulkan::Headers)
+        target_include_directories(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC ${Vulkan_INCLUDE_DIR})
+        target_include_directories(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}_s PUBLIC ${Vulkan_INCLUDE_DIR})
+    endif ()
 
-if (MOBILEGL_BUILD_BENCHMARK)
-    add_subdirectory(MobileGL/MG_Benchmark)
+    if (MOBILEGL_BUILD_TEST)
+        add_subdirectory(MobileGL/MG_Test)
+    endif()
+
+    if (MOBILEGL_BUILD_BENCHMARK)
+        add_subdirectory(MobileGL/MG_Benchmark)
+    endif()
 endif()

MobileGL/Config.h

@@ -14,8 +14,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Config {
     inline const String ProjectName = "MobileGL";
     inline const String CoreName = "MobileGL Core";
     inline const String CoreVendor = "MobileGL-Dev (BZLZHH, Swung0x48, Tungsten)";
-    inline const Version CoreVersion = {26, 2, 0, "-dev", VersionType::Development};
+    inline const Version CoreVersion = {26, 3, 0, "-dev", VersionType::Development};
     inline const VersionStringFormatAttrib DefaultVersionStringFormatAttrib = {2, 2, 0, true, true};
+    inline const Uint64 CacheVersion = 0;
 
     extern BackendType ActiveBackendType;
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Config

MobileGL/ConfigLoader.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/ConfigLoader.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#include "Config.h"
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_ConfigLoader {
+    static UniquePtr<UnorderedMap<String, String>> acceptedEnvVariablesMap;
+
+    static Bool IsAcceptedPrefix(const String& key) {
+        return (key.compare(0, 6, "LIBGL_") == 0 || key.compare(0, 9, "MOBILEGL_") == 0);
+    }
+
+    inline void InitializeAcceptedEnvVariables() {
+        if (!acceptedEnvVariablesMap) {
+            acceptedEnvVariablesMap = MakeUnique<UnorderedMap<String, String>>();
+        } else {
+            acceptedEnvVariablesMap->clear();
+        }
+
+        char** envPtr = nullptr;
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        envPtr = _environ;
+#else // POSIX
+        envPtr = ::environ;
+#endif
+
+        if (envPtr == nullptr) return;
+
+        for (char** env = envPtr; *env != nullptr; ++env) {
+            String entry(*env);
+            SizeT pos = entry.find('=');
+            if (pos != String::npos) {
+                String key = entry.substr(0, pos);
+                String value = entry.substr(pos + 1);
+
+                if (IsAcceptedPrefix(key)) {
+                    (*acceptedEnvVariablesMap)[key] = value;
+                    MGLOG_D("Config: Accepted env variable: %s=%s", key.c_str(), value.c_str());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    inline void QueryEnvVariable(const String& key, String& outValue, const String& defaultValue) {
+        auto it = acceptedEnvVariablesMap->find(key);
+        if (it != acceptedEnvVariablesMap->end()) {
+            outValue = it->second;
+        } else {
+            outValue = defaultValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    inline void InitBackendType() {
+        String backendTypeStr;
+        QueryEnvVariable("MOBILEGL_BACKEND_TYPE", backendTypeStr, "DirectGLES");
+#define ENTRY(backendType)                                                                                             \
+    if (backendTypeStr == #backendType) {                                                                              \
+        MG_Config::ActiveBackendType = BackendType::backendType;                                                       \
+        MGLOG_I("Config: Active backend type set to " #backendType);                                                   \
+        return;                                                                                                        \
+    }
+        ENTRY(DirectGLES)
+        ENTRY(DirectVulkan)
+        ENTRY(Unknown)
+        MG_Config::ActiveBackendType = BackendType::Unknown;
+#undef ENTRY
+    }
+
+    void Init() {
+        MGLOG_D("Loading configuration from environment variables...");
+        InitializeAcceptedEnvVariables();
+
+        InitBackendType();
+
+        // Destroy the map since we won't need it anymore
+        acceptedEnvVariablesMap.reset();
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_ConfigLoader

MobileGL/Defines.h

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 #define MOBILEGL_EGL_API MOBILEGL_API
 
 // ====================== MobileGL configurations ======================= //
-#define MOBILEGL_LOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL MOBILEGL_LOG_LEVEL_INFO
+#define MOBILEGL_LOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL MOBILEGL_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
 
 #define MOBILEGL_LOG_ENABLE_CONSOLE 0
 #define MOBILEGL_LOG_ENABLE_FILE 1

MobileGL/Includes.h

@@ -17,9 +17,11 @@
 #include <map>
 #include <array>
 #include <ctime>
+#include <mutex>
 #include <queue>
 #include <regex>
 #include <atomic>
+#include <bitset>
 #include <cctype>
 #include <chrono>
 #include <cstdio>
@@ -29,6 +31,7 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <thread>
 #include <vector>
+#include <cassert>
 #include <cstdarg>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <numeric>
@@ -40,8 +43,6 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <string_view>
 #include <unordered_map>
-#include <mutex>
-#include <bitset>
 #if __cplusplus >= 202302L && MOBILEGL_LOG_ENABLE_STACKTRACE
 #include <stacktrace>
 #endif
@@ -49,6 +50,9 @@
 // Include FastSTL
 #include <FastSTL/UnorderedMap.h>
 
+// Include xxHash
+#include <xxhash.h>
+
 // Include spirv_cross
 #include <spirv_cross/spirv_cross_c.h>
 
@@ -58,7 +62,9 @@
 #endif
 #include <EGL/egl.h>
 #define GL_GLEXT_PROTOTYPES
+#ifndef NO_GL_H
 #include "GL/gl.h"
+#endif
 #include <GL/glcorearb.h>
 #undef GL_GLEXT_PROTOTYPES
 
@@ -93,11 +99,20 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <pthread.h>
 #include <android/log.h>
-#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
 #include <android/native_window.h>
-#include <vulkan/vulkan_android.h>
 #endif
 
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
+#define VK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR
+#elif _WIN32
+#define VK_USE_PLATFORM_WIN32_KHR
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+#define VK_USE_PLATFORM_METAL_EXT
+#else
+#warning "VK_USE_PLATFORM_*_KHR not defined for this platform!"
+#endif
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
 #include <tracy/Tracy.hpp>
 #define TRACY_ZONECOLOR_ENTRY 0xFF0000

MobileGL/Init.cpp

@@ -8,33 +8,36 @@
 
 #include "Init.h"
 #include "Config.h"
-#include <MG_Impl/Init.h>
 #include <MG_Backend/BackendObjects.h>
 #include <MG_State/GLState/Core.h>
+#include <MG_State/EGLState/Core.h>
 #include <MG_Impl/GLImpl/Texture/ProxyTexture.h>
 #include <MG_Impl/GLImpl/Framebuffer/GL_Framebuffer.h>
 
 namespace MobileGL {
-    void MG_Initialize() {
+    void Initialize() {
         MG_Util::Debug::InitFile();
         MGLOG_I("Initializing MobileGL...");
+        MG_ConfigLoader::Init();
+        MGLOG_I("Config loaded");
         MG_State::Init();
-        MGLOG_D("MobileGL State initialized");
+        MGLOG_D("MG_State initialized");
         MG_Backend::Init();
-        MGLOG_D("MobileGL Backend initialized");
+        MGLOG_D("MG_Backend initialized");
         MG_Impl::Init();
-        MGLOG_D("MobileGL Implementation initialized");
+        MGLOG_D("MG_Impl initialized");
         glslang::InitializeProcess();
         MGLOG_D("glslang initialized");
         MGLOG_I("MobileGL initialized");
     }
 
-    void MG_Destroy() {
+    void Destroy() {
         MGLOG_I("MobileGL closing...");
         glslang::FinalizeProcess();
-        delete MG_State::pGLContext;
-        delete MG_Impl::GLImpl::TextureImpl::pProxyTextureManager;
-        delete MG_Impl::GLImpl::FramebufferImpl::pDefaultFramebufferInfo;
+        MG_State::pGLContext.reset();
+        MG_State::pEGLContext.reset();
+        MG_Impl::GLImpl::TextureImpl::pProxyTextureManager.reset();
+        MG_Impl::GLImpl::FramebufferImpl::pDefaultFramebufferInfo.reset();
         MG_Util::Debug::Close();
 
         // TODO: add and use Destroy functions for other subsystems
@@ -42,11 +45,11 @@ namespace MobileGL {
 
 #if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__)
     __attribute__((constructor)) static void AutoInit() {
-        MG_Initialize();
+        Initialize();
     }
 
     __attribute__((destructor)) static void AutoDestroy() {
-        MG_Destroy();
+        Destroy();
     }
 #endif
 
@@ -54,11 +57,11 @@ namespace MobileGL {
     BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HMODULE hModule, DWORD ul_reason_for_call, LPVOID lpReserved) {
         switch (ul_reason_for_call) {
         case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH:
-            MG_Initialize();
+            Initialize();
             break;
 
         case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH:
-            MG_Destroy();
+            Destroy();
             break;
         }
         return TRUE;

MobileGL/Init.h

@@ -10,6 +10,22 @@
 #include "Includes.h"
 
 namespace MobileGL {
-    void MG_Initialize();
-    void MG_Destroy();
-} // namespace MobileGL
+    void Initialize();
+    void Destroy();
+
+    namespace MG_Util::Debug {
+        void InitFile();
+    } // namespace MG_Util::Debug
+
+    namespace MG_ConfigLoader {
+        void Init();
+    } // namespace MG_ConfigLoader
+
+    namespace MG_Backend {
+        void Init();
+    } // namespace MG_Backend
+
+    namespace MG_Impl {
+        void Init();
+    } // namespace MG_Impl
+} // namespace MobileGL

MobileGL/MG_Backend/BackendObject.cpp

@@ -9,7 +9,133 @@
 #include "BackendObject.h"
 
 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend {
+    namespace {
+        Bool IsReleaseCurrentRequest(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface draw, EGLSurface read, EGLContext ctx) {
+            return dpy == EGL_NO_DISPLAY && draw == EGL_NO_SURFACE && read == EGL_NO_SURFACE && ctx == EGL_NO_CONTEXT;
+        }
+
+        std::thread::id CurrentThreadKey() {
+            return std::this_thread::get_id();
+        }
+    } // namespace
+
+    Bool BackendObject::InitializeEGLDisplay(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLint* major, EGLint* minor) {
+        const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(m_eglStateMutex);
+        if (dpy == EGL_NO_DISPLAY) {
+            MGLOG_E("InitializeEGLDisplay failed: invalid EGLDisplay");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (m_eglDisplayInitialized && m_eglDisplay != dpy) {
+            MGLOG_E("InitializeEGLDisplay failed: backend already bound to a different EGLDisplay");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        m_eglDisplay = dpy;
+        m_eglDisplayInitialized = true;
+        if (major) {
+            *major = 1;
+        }
+        if (minor) {
+            *minor = 5;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool BackendObject::CreateEGLWindowSurface(const WindowHandle& handle) {
+        const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(m_eglStateMutex);
+        if (!m_eglDisplayInitialized) {
+            MGLOG_E("CreateEGLWindowSurface failed: EGL display is not initialized");
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (handle.Backend == WindowBackend::Unknown || !handle.Handle) {
+            MGLOG_E("CreateEGLWindowSurface failed: invalid native window handle");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (m_eglWindowSurfaceInitialized && m_windowHandle.Backend == handle.Backend && m_windowHandle.Handle == handle.Handle) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        SetWindowHandle(handle);
+        if (!InitWindowSurface()) {
+            MGLOG_E("CreateEGLWindowSurface failed: backend InitWindowSurface failed");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        m_eglWindowSurfaceInitialized = true;
+        m_eglCurrentThreads.clear();
+        m_backendCapabilitiesInitialized = false;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool BackendObject::MakeEGLCurrent(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface draw, EGLSurface read, EGLContext ctx) {
+        const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(m_eglStateMutex);
+        const auto threadKey = CurrentThreadKey();
+        if (IsReleaseCurrentRequest(dpy, draw, read, ctx)) {
+            m_eglCurrentThreads.erase(threadKey);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (!m_eglDisplayInitialized || m_eglDisplay != dpy) {
+            MGLOG_E("MakeEGLCurrent failed: EGL display mismatch or not initialized");
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!m_eglWindowSurfaceInitialized) {
+            MGLOG_E("MakeEGLCurrent failed: EGL window surface is not initialized");
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (draw == EGL_NO_SURFACE || read == EGL_NO_SURFACE || ctx == EGL_NO_CONTEXT) {
+            MGLOG_E("MakeEGLCurrent failed: draw/read/context is invalid");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!m_backendCapabilitiesInitialized) {
+            if (!InitCapabilities()) {
+                MGLOG_E("MakeEGLCurrent failed: InitCapabilities failed");
+                return false;
+            }
+            m_backendCapabilitiesInitialized = true;
+        }
+
+        m_eglCurrentThreads[threadKey] = true;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void BackendObject::ResetEGLRuntimeState() {
+        const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(m_eglStateMutex);
+        m_eglWindowSurfaceInitialized = false;
+        m_backendCapabilitiesInitialized = false;
+        m_eglCurrentThreads.clear();
+    }
+
+    Bool BackendObject::SwapEGLBuffers(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface draw) {
+        const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(m_eglStateMutex);
+        if (!m_eglDisplayInitialized || m_eglDisplay != dpy) {
+            MGLOG_E("SwapEGLBuffers failed: EGL display mismatch or not initialized");
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (m_eglCurrentThreads.find(CurrentThreadKey()) == m_eglCurrentThreads.end()) {
+            MGLOG_E("SwapEGLBuffers failed: no current context attached");
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!m_eglWindowSurfaceInitialized || draw == EGL_NO_SURFACE) {
+            MGLOG_E("SwapEGLBuffers failed: invalid draw surface");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const auto& backendFunctions = GetBackendFunctions();
+        if (!backendFunctions.Present) {
+            MGLOG_E("SwapEGLBuffers failed: backend Present function is null");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        backendFunctions.Present();
+        return true;
+    }
+
     void BackendObject::SetWindowHandle(const WindowHandle& handle) {
+        const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(m_eglStateMutex);
         m_windowHandle = handle;
     }
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend

MobileGL/MG_Backend/BackendObject.h

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 namespace MobileGL {
     enum class BackendType {
         DirectGLES,
+        DirectVulkan,
         BackendTypeCount,
         Unknown = -1
     };
@@ -90,8 +91,13 @@ namespace MobileGL {
             virtual ~BackendObject() = default;
 
             virtual void Initialize() = 0;
-            virtual void InitCapabilities() = 0;
-            virtual void InitWindowSurface() = 0;
+            virtual Bool InitCapabilities() = 0;
+            virtual Bool InitWindowSurface() = 0;
+
+            virtual Bool InitializeEGLDisplay(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLint* major, EGLint* minor);
+            virtual Bool CreateEGLWindowSurface(const WindowHandle& handle);
+            virtual Bool MakeEGLCurrent(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface draw, EGLSurface read, EGLContext ctx);
+            virtual Bool SwapEGLBuffers(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface draw);
 
             void SetWindowHandle(const WindowHandle& handle);
 
@@ -102,7 +108,15 @@ namespace MobileGL {
             virtual BackendType GetBackendType() const = 0;
 
         protected:
+            void ResetEGLRuntimeState();
+
+            mutable std::recursive_mutex m_eglStateMutex;
             WindowHandle m_windowHandle;
+            EGLDisplay m_eglDisplay = EGL_NO_DISPLAY;
+            Bool m_eglDisplayInitialized = false;
+            Bool m_eglWindowSurfaceInitialized = false;
+            Bool m_backendCapabilitiesInitialized = false;
+            UnorderedMap<std::thread::id, Bool> m_eglCurrentThreads;
         };
     } // namespace MG_Backend
 } // namespace MobileGL

MobileGL/MG_Backend/BackendObjects.h

@@ -10,10 +10,9 @@
 #include <Includes.h>
 #include "BackendObject.h"
 #include "DirectGLES/BackendObject_DirectGLES.h"
+#include "DirectVulkan/BackendObject_DirectVulkan.h"
 
 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend {
     extern UniquePtr<BackendObject> pActiveBackendObject;
     extern GlobalBackendFunctionsTable gBackendFunctionsTable;
-
-    void Init();
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/BackendObject_DirectGLES.cpp

@@ -13,16 +13,24 @@
 #include <format>
 
 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
+    namespace {
+        Bool IsReleaseCurrentRequest(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface draw, EGLSurface read, EGLContext ctx) {
+            return dpy == EGL_NO_DISPLAY && draw == EGL_NO_SURFACE && read == EGL_NO_SURFACE && ctx == EGL_NO_CONTEXT;
+        }
+    } // namespace
+
     BackendObject_DirectGLES::~BackendObject_DirectGLES() {
         DestroyEGLContext();
     }
 
-    void BackendObject_DirectGLES::InitWindowSurface() {
+    Bool BackendObject_DirectGLES::InitWindowSurface() {
         // Only use EGL for now
         auto nativeWindow = reinterpret_cast<NativeWindowType>(m_windowHandle.Handle);
         if (!DirectGLES::InitWindowSurface(nativeWindow)) {
             MGLOG_E("Failed to initialize window surface for DirectGLES backend");
+            return false;
         }
+        return true;
     }
 
     void BackendObject_DirectGLES::Initialize() {
@@ -40,18 +48,65 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
         DirectGLES::SetGLESFuncsTable(m_GLESFunctions);
     }
 
-    void BackendObject_DirectGLES::InitCapabilities() {
+    Bool BackendObject_DirectGLES::InitCapabilities() {
         if (!m_initialized) {
             MGLOG_E("DirectGLES backend not initialized");
-            return;
+            return false;
         }
 
         if (!MG_Util::BackendLoader::FillInGLESCapabilities(m_GLESCapabilities, m_GLESFunctions)) {
             MGLOG_E("Failed to fill in GLES capabilities for DirectGLES backend");
-            return;
+            return false;
         }
         DirectGLES::SetGLESCapabilities(m_GLESCapabilities);
         UpdateDynamicBackendParameters();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool BackendObject_DirectGLES::InitializeEGLDisplay(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLint* major, EGLint* minor) {
+        if (!m_initialized) {
+            MGLOG_E("DirectGLES backend not initialized");
+            return false;
+        }
+        return BackendObject::InitializeEGLDisplay(dpy, major, minor);
+    }
+
+    Bool BackendObject_DirectGLES::CreateEGLWindowSurface(const WindowHandle& handle) {
+        const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(m_eglStateMutex);
+        if (!m_initialized) {
+            MGLOG_E("DirectGLES backend not initialized");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (handle.Backend != WindowBackend::Android || !handle.Handle) {
+            MGLOG_E("DirectGLES backend only supports Android native windows");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const Bool sameHandle =
+            m_eglWindowSurfaceInitialized && m_windowHandle.Backend == handle.Backend && m_windowHandle.Handle == handle.Handle;
+        if (sameHandle) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (m_eglWindowSurfaceInitialized) {
+            DestroyEGLContext();
+            ResetEGLRuntimeState();
+        }
+
+        return BackendObject::CreateEGLWindowSurface(handle);
+    }
+
+    Bool BackendObject_DirectGLES::MakeEGLCurrent(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface draw, EGLSurface read, EGLContext ctx) {
+        if (IsReleaseCurrentRequest(dpy, draw, read, ctx)) {
+            return BackendObject::MakeEGLCurrent(dpy, draw, read, ctx);
+        }
+
+        return BackendObject::MakeEGLCurrent(dpy, draw, read, ctx);
+    }
+
+    Bool BackendObject_DirectGLES::SwapEGLBuffers(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface draw) {
+        return BackendObject::SwapEGLBuffers(dpy, draw);
     }
 
     const RendererInfo& BackendObject_DirectGLES::GetRendererInfo() const {

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/BackendObject_DirectGLES.h

@@ -17,8 +17,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
         ~BackendObject_DirectGLES() override;
 
         void Initialize() override;
-        void InitCapabilities() override;
-        void InitWindowSurface() override;
+        Bool InitCapabilities() override;
+        Bool InitWindowSurface() override;
+        Bool InitializeEGLDisplay(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLint* major, EGLint* minor) override;
+        Bool CreateEGLWindowSurface(const WindowHandle& handle) override;
+        Bool MakeEGLCurrent(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface draw, EGLSurface read, EGLContext ctx) override;
+        Bool SwapEGLBuffers(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface draw) override;
 
         const RendererInfo& GetRendererInfo() const override;
         String GetBackendAPIVersionString() const override;

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/DirectGLES.cpp

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 #include "DirectGLES.h"
 #include "EGL/egl.h"
+#include "MG_Util/Types.h"
 #include "Utils.h"
 #include "Managers.h"
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/GLToMG/TextureEnumConverter.h>
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
 
     namespace DebugImpl {
 #if MOBILEGL_LOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL <= MOBILEGL_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
-        void ErrorLopper::Loop(std::function<void(GLenum)> func) {
+        void ErrorLopper::Loop(const std::function<void(GLenum)>& func) {
             GLenum err = g_GLESFuncs.glGetError();
             while (err != GL_NO_ERROR) {
                 func(err);
@@ -68,14 +69,14 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             Clear();
         }
 #else
-        void ErrorLopper::Loop(std::function<void(GLenum)> func) {}
+        void ErrorLopper::Loop(const std::function<void(GLenum)>& func) {}
         void ErrorLopper::Clear() {}
-        ErrorLopper::ErrorLopper() {}
-        ErrorLopper::~ErrorLopper() {}
+        ErrorLopper::ErrorLopper() = default;
+        ErrorLopper::~ErrorLopper() = default;
 #endif
 
 #if MOBILEGL_LOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL <= MOBILEGL_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
-        OpenGLScopeMarker::OpenGLScopeMarker(String scopeName) {
+        OpenGLScopeMarker::OpenGLScopeMarker(const String& scopeName) {
             g_GLESFuncs.glPushDebugGroup(GL_DEBUG_SOURCE_APPLICATION, 0, -1, scopeName.c_str());
         }
 
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             g_GLESFuncs.glPopDebugGroup();
         }
 #else
-        OpenGLScopeMarker::OpenGLScopeMarker(String scopeName) {}
+        OpenGLScopeMarker::OpenGLScopeMarker(const String& scopeName) {}
 
         OpenGLScopeMarker::~OpenGLScopeMarker() {}
 #endif
@@ -92,31 +93,28 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
     // TODO: deletion for deleted objects
 
     namespace BufferImpl {
-        void CreateAndSyncBufferObject(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& bufferObject) {
+        void CreateAndSyncBufferObject(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& bufferObject) {
             if (!(bufferObject->GetChangeBits() & BufferChangeBits::DirtyBit)) return;
 
-            const auto& backendBufferIt = g_backendBufferObjects.find(bufferObject);
-            SharedPtr<BackendBufferObject> backendBufferObject;
-            if (backendBufferIt == g_backendBufferObjects.end()) {
-                backendBufferObject = MakeShared<BackendBufferObject>();
-                g_backendBufferObjects[bufferObject] = backendBufferObject;
-            } else {
-                backendBufferObject = backendBufferIt->second;
+            const auto& backendBufferIt = g_backendBufferObjects.find(bufferObject.get());
+            Bool exist = (backendBufferIt != g_backendBufferObjects.end());
+            auto& backendObj = exist ? backendBufferIt->second : g_backendBufferObjects.GetOrCreate(bufferObject);
+            if (!exist) {
+                backendObj = MakeShared<BackendBufferObject>();
             }
-            backendBufferObject->SyncToBackend(bufferObject);
+            backendObj->SyncToBackend(bufferObject);
         }
 
         void SyncNeccessaryBuffers(Bool includeIBO = false, Bool includeIndirectBuffer = false) {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
             ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
 #endif
+            g_backendBufferObjects.CollectGarbageIfNeeded();
+
             // All buffers we need are:
             //   1.VBO 2.IBO (if needed) 3.UBO 4.IndirectBuffer (if needed) 5.SSBO (TODO)
             // PBO is not needed since it should be handled in frontend
 
-            // static Vector<SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>> buffersToSync;
-            // buffersToSync.clear();
-
             const auto& currentVAOObject = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBoundVertexArray();
             if (!currentVAOObject) {
                 MGLOG_E("No VAO is currently bound, cannot sync necessary buffers.");
@@ -126,7 +124,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             // VBO
             for (const auto& attrib : currentVAOObject->GetAllAttributes()) {
                 if (!attrib.Enabled) continue;
-                auto bufferObject = attrib.Buffer;
+                auto& bufferObject = attrib.Buffer;
                 if (bufferObject) {
                     CreateAndSyncBufferObject(bufferObject);
                 }
@@ -134,7 +132,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
 
             // IBO
             if (includeIBO) {
-                auto possibleIBO = currentVAOObject->GetIndexBufferBindingSlot().GetBoundObject();
+                auto& possibleIBO = currentVAOObject->GetIndexBufferBindingSlot().GetBoundObject();
                 if (possibleIBO) {
                     CreateAndSyncBufferObject(possibleIBO);
                 }
@@ -142,7 +140,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
 
             // Indirect Buffer Object
             if (includeIndirectBuffer) {
-                auto possibleIndirectBuffer =
+                auto& possibleIndirectBuffer =
                     MG_State::pGLContext->GetBufferBindingSlot(BufferTarget::DrawIndirect).GetBoundObject();
                 if (possibleIndirectBuffer) {
                     CreateAndSyncBufferObject(possibleIndirectBuffer);
@@ -153,7 +151,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             auto uboBindingPointCnt = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBufferBindingPointCount(BufferTarget::Uniform);
             for (SizeT i = 0; i < uboBindingPointCnt; ++i) {
                 auto& point = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBufferBindingPoint(BufferTarget::Uniform, i);
-                auto obj = point.GetBoundObject();
+                auto& obj = point.GetBoundObject();
                 if (obj) {
                     CreateAndSyncBufferObject(obj);
                 }
@@ -166,48 +164,49 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
             ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
 #endif
-            auto currentVAOObject = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBoundVertexArray();
+            g_backendVertexArrayObjects.CollectGarbageIfNeeded();
+
+            auto& currentVAOObject = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBoundVertexArray();
             if (!currentVAOObject) {
                 MGLOG_E("No VAO is currently bound, cannot sync current VAO.");
                 return;
             }
 
-            const auto& backendVAOIt = g_backendVertexArrayObjects.find(currentVAOObject);
-            SharedPtr<VertexArrayImpl::BackendVertexArrayObject> backendVAOObject;
-            if (backendVAOIt == g_backendVertexArrayObjects.end()) {
-                backendVAOObject = MakeShared<VertexArrayImpl::BackendVertexArrayObject>();
-                g_backendVertexArrayObjects[currentVAOObject] = backendVAOObject;
-            } else {
-                backendVAOObject = backendVAOIt->second;
+            const auto& backendVAOIt = g_backendVertexArrayObjects.find(currentVAOObject.get());
+            Bool exist = (backendVAOIt != g_backendVertexArrayObjects.end());
+            auto& backendObj = exist ? backendVAOIt->second : g_backendVertexArrayObjects.GetOrCreate(currentVAOObject);
+            if (!exist) {
+                backendObj = MakeShared<VertexArrayImpl::BackendVertexArrayObject>();
             }
-            backendVAOObject->SyncToBackend(currentVAOObject);
+            backendObj->SyncToBackend(currentVAOObject);
         }
     } // namespace VertexArrayImpl
 
     namespace TextureImpl {
-        SharedPtr<BackendTextureObject> SyncTextureObjectToBackend(
-            SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& textureObject) {
+        SharedPtr<BackendTextureObject>& SyncTextureObjectToBackend(
+            const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& textureObject) {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
             ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
 #endif
-            const auto& backendTextureIt = g_backendTextureObjects.find(textureObject);
-            SharedPtr<BackendTextureObject> backendTextureObject;
-            if (backendTextureIt == g_backendTextureObjects.end()) {
-                backendTextureObject = MakeShared<BackendTextureObject>();
-                g_backendTextureObjects[textureObject] = backendTextureObject;
-            } else {
-                backendTextureObject = backendTextureIt->second;
+            const auto& backendTextureIt = g_backendTextureObjects.find(textureObject.get());
+            Bool exist = (backendTextureIt != g_backendTextureObjects.end());
+            auto& backendObj = exist ? backendTextureIt->second : g_backendTextureObjects.GetOrCreate(textureObject);
+            if (!exist) {
+                backendObj = MakeShared<BackendTextureObject>();
             }
-            backendTextureObject->SyncTextureParamsToBackend(textureObject);
-            backendTextureObject->SyncBuiltinSamplerToBackend(textureObject);
-            backendTextureObject->SyncMipmapsToBackend(textureObject);
-            return backendTextureObject;
+            backendObj->SyncTextureParamsToBackend(textureObject);
+            backendObj->SyncBuiltinSamplerToBackend(textureObject);
+            backendObj->SyncMipmapsToBackend(textureObject);
+
+            return backendObj;
         }
 
         void SyncNeccessaryTextures() {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
             ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
 #endif
+            g_backendTextureObjects.CollectGarbageIfNeeded();
+
             // All textures we need are:
             //   1. textures bound to texture units (TODO: only sync ones that are used in current program)
             //   2. textures used in current FBO
@@ -216,7 +215,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             for (int index = 0; index < MG_State::GLState::TextureState::MAX_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS; ++index) {
                 auto& unit = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTextureUnitObject(index);
                 for (const auto& bindingSlot : unit.GetAllBindingSlots()) {
-                    auto textureObject = bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();
+                    auto& textureObject = bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();
                     if (textureObject) {
                         SyncTextureObjectToBackend(textureObject);
                     }
@@ -228,7 +227,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             if (currentFBO) {
                 for (const auto& attachment : currentFBO->GetAllAttachmentObjects()) {
                     if (!attachment.IsTexture()) continue;
-                    auto textureObject = attachment.GetTexture();
+                    auto& textureObject = attachment.GetTexture();
                     if (textureObject) {
                         SyncTextureObjectToBackend(textureObject);
                     }
@@ -242,16 +241,20 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
             ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
 #endif
+            g_backendFramebufferObjects.CollectGarbageIfNeeded();
+            TextureImpl::g_backendTextureObjects.CollectGarbageIfNeeded();
+            RenderbufferImpl::g_backendRenderbufferObjects.CollectGarbageIfNeeded();
+
             const FramebufferTarget fboTargets[] = {FramebufferTarget::Draw, FramebufferTarget::Read};
 
             MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject* lastUpdatedFBO = nullptr;
 
-            for (auto target : fboTargets) {
-                auto slot = MG_State::pGLContext->GetFramebufferBindingSlot(target);
+            for (auto& target : fboTargets) {
+                auto& slot = MG_State::pGLContext->GetFramebufferBindingSlot(target);
                 auto version = slot.GetVersion();
                 if (version == g_fboBindVersions[SizeT(target)]) continue;
 
-                auto currentFBO = slot.GetBoundObject();
+                auto& currentFBO = slot.GetBoundObject();
 
                 if (!currentFBO) {
                     MGLOG_E("No FBO is currently bound, cannot sync current FBO.");
@@ -263,21 +266,19 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                const auto& backendFBOIt = g_backendFramebufferObjects.find(currentFBO);
-                SharedPtr<BackendFramebufferObject> backendFBOObject;
-                if (backendFBOIt == g_backendFramebufferObjects.end()) {
-                    backendFBOObject = MakeShared<BackendFramebufferObject>();
-                    g_backendFramebufferObjects[currentFBO] = backendFBOObject;
-                } else {
-                    backendFBOObject = backendFBOIt->second;
-                }
-
                 if (currentFBO.get() == lastUpdatedFBO) {
                     MGLOG_D("Draw FBO and read FBO are the same, skipping sync.");
-                } else {
-                    backendFBOObject->SyncToBackend(currentFBO, target);
+                    continue;
                 }
 
+                const auto& backendFBOIt = g_backendFramebufferObjects.find(currentFBO.get());
+                Bool exist = (backendFBOIt != g_backendFramebufferObjects.end());
+                auto& backendObj = exist ? backendFBOIt->second : g_backendFramebufferObjects.GetOrCreate(currentFBO);
+                if (!exist) {
+                    backendObj = MakeShared<BackendFramebufferObject>();
+                }
+                backendObj->SyncToBackend(currentFBO, target);
+
                 lastUpdatedFBO = currentFBO.get();
             }
         }
@@ -466,21 +467,23 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
             ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
 #endif
-            auto currentProgram = MG_State::pGLContext->GetCurrentProgram();
+            g_backendProgramObjects.CollectGarbageIfNeeded();
+            SamplerImpl::g_backendSamplerObjects.CollectGarbageIfNeeded();
+
+            auto& currentProgram = MG_State::pGLContext->GetCurrentProgram();
             if (!currentProgram || !currentProgram->GetLinkStatus()) {
                 g_GLESFuncs.glUseProgram(0);
                 return;
             }
-            const auto& backendProgramIt = g_backendProgramObjects.find(currentProgram);
-            SharedPtr<BackendProgramObjectImpl> backendProgram;
-            if (backendProgramIt == g_backendProgramObjects.end()) {
-                backendProgram = MakeShared<BackendProgramObjectImpl>();
-                g_backendProgramObjects[currentProgram] = backendProgram;
-                backendProgram->SyncToBackend(currentProgram);
+            const auto& backendProgramIt = g_backendProgramObjects.find(currentProgram.get());
+            Bool exist = (backendProgramIt != g_backendProgramObjects.end());
+            auto& backendObj = exist ? backendProgramIt->second : g_backendProgramObjects.GetOrCreate(currentProgram);
+            if (!exist) {
+                backendObj = MakeShared<BackendProgramObjectImpl>();
+                backendObj->SyncToBackend(currentProgram);
             } else {
-                backendProgram = backendProgramIt->second;
-                if (!backendProgram->GetBackendProgramId()) {
-                    backendProgram->SyncToBackend(currentProgram);
+                if (!backendObj->GetBackendProgramId()) {
+                    backendObj->SyncToBackend(currentProgram);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -495,7 +498,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
 
         const auto& currentFBO = slot.GetBoundObject();
         if (currentFBO && currentFBO != MG_Impl::GLImpl::FramebufferImpl::pDefaultFramebufferInfo->defaultFBO) {
-            const auto& backendFBOIt = FramebufferImpl::g_backendFramebufferObjects.find(currentFBO);
+            const auto& backendFBOIt = FramebufferImpl::g_backendFramebufferObjects.find(currentFBO.get());
             if (backendFBOIt != FramebufferImpl::g_backendFramebufferObjects.end()) {
                 backendFBOIt->second->Bind(target);
             } else {
@@ -528,7 +531,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
 #endif
             const auto& currentVAO = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBoundVertexArray();
             if (currentVAO) {
-                const auto& backendVAOIt = VertexArrayImpl::g_backendVertexArrayObjects.find(currentVAO);
+                const auto& backendVAOIt = VertexArrayImpl::g_backendVertexArrayObjects.find(currentVAO.get());
                 if (backendVAOIt != VertexArrayImpl::g_backendVertexArrayObjects.end()) {
                     backendVAOIt->second->Bind();
                 }
@@ -556,7 +559,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                                 MG_Util::ConvertTextureTargetToString(target).c_str());
                         continue;
                     }
-                    const auto& backendTextureIt = TextureImpl::g_backendTextureObjects.find(textureObject);
+                    const auto& backendTextureIt = TextureImpl::g_backendTextureObjects.find(textureObject.get());
                     if (backendTextureIt == TextureImpl::g_backendTextureObjects.end()) continue;
 
                     GLenum targetGL = MG_Util::ConvertTextureTargetToGLEnum(target);
@@ -566,7 +569,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                 // Bind sampler object if necessary
                 const auto& samplerObject = textureUnit.GetSamplerObject();
                 if (samplerObject) {
-                    const auto& backendSamplerIt = SamplerImpl::g_backendSamplerObjects.find(samplerObject);
+                    const auto& backendSamplerIt = SamplerImpl::g_backendSamplerObjects.find(samplerObject.get());
                     if (backendSamplerIt != SamplerImpl::g_backendSamplerObjects.end()) {
                         backendSamplerIt->second->Bind(unit);
                     }
@@ -581,7 +584,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
             ZoneScopedNC("BindCurrentProgram", TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
 #endif
-            const auto& backendProgramIt = PrgramImpl::g_backendProgramObjects.find(currentProgram);
+            const auto& backendProgramIt = PrgramImpl::g_backendProgramObjects.find(currentProgram.get());
             if (backendProgramIt != PrgramImpl::g_backendProgramObjects.end()) {
                 backendProgramIt->second->Use();
                 auto backendProgramId = backendProgramIt->second->GetBackendProgramId();
@@ -623,11 +626,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
 
                         // Connect buffer to backend binding point
                         auto& point = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBufferBindingPoint(BufferTarget::Uniform, binding);
-                        auto bufferObj = point.GetBoundObject();
+                        auto& bufferObj = point.GetBoundObject();
                         auto range = point.GetRange();
 
                         if (bufferObj) {
-                            const auto& backendBufferIt = BufferImpl::g_backendBufferObjects.find(bufferObj);
+                            const auto& backendBufferIt = BufferImpl::g_backendBufferObjects.find(bufferObj.get());
                             if (backendBufferIt != BufferImpl::g_backendBufferObjects.end()) {
                                 const auto& backendBufferObject = backendBufferIt->second;
                                 backendBufferObject->Bind(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER);
@@ -635,9 +638,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                                     g_GLESFuncs.glBindBufferBase(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, lastUBOBinding,
                                                                  backendBufferObject->GetBackendBufferId());
                                 } else {
-                                    g_GLESFuncs.glBindBufferRange(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, lastUBOBinding,
-                                                                  backendBufferObject->GetBackendBufferId(),
-                                                                  range.start, range.end - range.start);
+                                    g_GLESFuncs.glBindBufferRange(
+                                        GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, lastUBOBinding, backendBufferObject->GetBackendBufferId(),
+                                        (GLintptr)range.start, (GLintptr)(range.end - range.start));
                                 }
                             } else {
                                 MGLOG_E("No backend buffer found for UBO binding, cannot bind UBO.");
@@ -660,18 +663,18 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                             backendProgramIt->second->GetBackendProgramId(), name.c_str());
                         g_GLESFuncs.glUniform1i(locAtBackend, unit);
 
-                        auto samplerObject = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTextureUnitObject(unit).GetSamplerObject();
+                        auto& samplerObject = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTextureUnitObject(unit).GetSamplerObject();
 
                         if (samplerObject) {
-                            const auto& backendSamplerIt = SamplerImpl::g_backendSamplerObjects.find(samplerObject);
-                            SharedPtr<SamplerImpl::BackendSamplerObject> backendSamplerObject;
-                            if (backendSamplerIt == SamplerImpl::g_backendSamplerObjects.end()) {
-                                backendSamplerObject = MakeShared<SamplerImpl::BackendSamplerObject>();
-                                SamplerImpl::g_backendSamplerObjects[samplerObject] = backendSamplerObject;
-                            } else {
-                                backendSamplerObject = backendSamplerIt->second;
+                            const auto& backendSamplerIt =
+                                SamplerImpl::g_backendSamplerObjects.find(samplerObject.get());
+                            Bool exist = (backendSamplerIt != SamplerImpl::g_backendSamplerObjects.end());
+                            auto& backendObj = exist ? backendSamplerIt->second
+                                                     : SamplerImpl::g_backendSamplerObjects.GetOrCreate(samplerObject);
+                            if (!exist) {
+                                backendObj = MakeShared<SamplerImpl::BackendSamplerObject>();
                             }
-                            backendSamplerObject->SyncToBackend(samplerObject);
+                            backendObj->SyncToBackend(samplerObject);
                         } else {
                             SamplerImpl::UnbindSampler(unit);
                         }
@@ -845,30 +848,29 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
 #if MOBILEGL_LOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL <= MOBILEGL_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG && MOBILEGL_ENABLE_SCOPE_MARKER
         DebugImpl::OpenGLScopeMarker marker(__func__);
 #endif
-        DebugImpl::ErrorLopper errorLopper;
 
         TextureImpl::SyncNeccessaryTextures();
-        errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
+        DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
             MGLOG_D("ES error (%s:%d): %s", file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
         });
         FramebufferImpl::SyncCurrentFBO();
-        errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
+        DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
             MGLOG_D("ES error (%s:%d): %s", file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
         });
         RenderStateImpl::SyncRenderState();
-        errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
+        DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
             MGLOG_D("ES error (%s:%d): %s", file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
         });
 
         BindCurrentFBO(FramebufferTarget::Draw);
         BindCurrentFBO(FramebufferTarget::Read);
-        errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
+        DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
             MGLOG_D("ES error (%s:%d): %s", file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
         });
         MGLOG_D("ES %s(%d, %d, %d, %d, %d, %d, %d, %d, 0x%x, %s)", __func__, srcX0, srcY0, srcX1, srcY1, dstX0, dstY0,
                 dstX1, dstY1, mask, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(filter).c_str());
         g_GLESFuncs.glBlitFramebuffer(srcX0, srcY0, srcX1, srcY1, dstX0, dstY0, dstX1, dstY1, mask, filter);
-        errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
+        DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
             MGLOG_D("ES error (%s:%d): %s", file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
         });
     }
@@ -895,15 +897,14 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                         MG_Util::ConvertTextureTargetToString(textureTarget).c_str());
             }
 
-            const auto& backendTextureIt = TextureImpl::g_backendTextureObjects.find(textureObject);
-            SharedPtr<TextureImpl::BackendTextureObject> backendTextureObject;
-            if (backendTextureIt == TextureImpl::g_backendTextureObjects.end()) {
-                backendTextureObject = MakeShared<TextureImpl::BackendTextureObject>();
-                TextureImpl::g_backendTextureObjects[textureObject] = backendTextureObject;
-            } else {
-                backendTextureObject = backendTextureIt->second;
+            const auto& backendTextureIt = TextureImpl::g_backendTextureObjects.find(textureObject.get());
+            Bool exist = (backendTextureIt != TextureImpl::g_backendTextureObjects.end());
+            auto& backendObj =
+                exist ? backendTextureIt->second : TextureImpl::g_backendTextureObjects.GetOrCreate(textureObject);
+            if (!exist) {
+                backendObj = MakeShared<TextureImpl::BackendTextureObject>();
             }
-            backendTextureObject->Bind(target, unit);
+            backendObj->Bind(target, unit);
         }
         return true;
     }
@@ -953,15 +954,15 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
         DebugImpl::ErrorLopper errorLopper;
         MGLOG_D("%s: Backend", __func__);
         TextureImpl::SyncNeccessaryTextures();
-        errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
+        DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
             MGLOG_D("ES error (%s:%d): %s", file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
         });
         FramebufferImpl::SyncCurrentFBO();
-        errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
+        DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
             MGLOG_D("ES error (%s:%d): %s", file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
         });
         RenderStateImpl::SyncRenderState();
-        errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
+        DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
             MGLOG_D("ES error (%s:%d): %s", file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
         });
         if (!UpdateTextureBindingAtTarget(target)) return;
@@ -969,10 +970,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
         // Bind necessary FBO and texture
         BindCurrentFBO(FramebufferTarget::Read);
         Uint activeTextureUnit = MG_State::pGLContext->GetActiveTextureUnit();
-        const auto& textureObject = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTextureUnitObject(activeTextureUnit)
+        const auto& textureObject = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTextureUnitObject((Int)activeTextureUnit)
                                         .GetBindingSlot(MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureTarget(target))
                                         .GetBoundObject();
-        const auto& backendTextureIt = TextureImpl::g_backendTextureObjects.find(textureObject);
+        const auto& backendTextureIt = TextureImpl::g_backendTextureObjects.find(textureObject.get());
         if (backendTextureIt == TextureImpl::g_backendTextureObjects.end()) {
             MGLOG_E("CopyTexSubImage2D: No backend texture found for texture %u.",
                     textureObject ? textureObject->GetExternalIndex() : 0);
@@ -998,19 +999,19 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
 
         if (!isDepthFormat) {
             g_GLESFuncs.glCopyTexImage2D(target, level, internalformat, x, y, width, height, border);
-            errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
+            DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
                 MGLOG_D("ES error (%s:%d): %s", file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
             });
         } else {
             MGLOG_D("%s: Backend depth", __func__);
             g_GLESFuncs.glTexImage2D(target, level, (GLint)internalformat, width, height, border, format, type,
                                      nullptr);
-            errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
+            DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
                 MGLOG_D("ES error (%s:%d): %s", file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
             });
 
-            GLint currentTex = backendTextureIt->second->GetBackendTextureId();
-            errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
+            auto currentTex = (GLint)backendTextureIt->second->GetBackendTextureId();
+            DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
                 MGLOG_D("ES error (%s:%d): %s", file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
             });
 
@@ -1026,7 +1027,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             g_GLESFuncs.glBlitFramebuffer(x, y, x + width, y + height, 0, 0, width, height,
                                           GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | (isStencilFormat ? GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT : 0),
                                           GL_NEAREST);
-            errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
+            DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
                 MGLOG_D("ES error (%s:%d): %s", file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
             });
         }
@@ -1041,15 +1042,15 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
 
         MGLOG_D("%s: Backend", __func__);
         TextureImpl::SyncNeccessaryTextures();
-        errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
+        DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
             MGLOG_D("ES error (%s:%d): %s", file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
         });
         FramebufferImpl::SyncCurrentFBO();
-        errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
+        DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
             MGLOG_D("ES error (%s:%d): %s", file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
         });
         RenderStateImpl::SyncRenderState();
-        errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
+        DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
             MGLOG_D("ES error (%s:%d): %s", file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
         });
 
@@ -1057,11 +1058,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
 
         // Bind necessary FBO and texture
         BindCurrentFBO(FramebufferTarget::Read);
-        Uint activeTextureUnit = MG_State::pGLContext->GetActiveTextureUnit();
+        auto activeTextureUnit = MG_State::pGLContext->GetActiveTextureUnit();
         const auto& textureObject = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTextureUnitObject(activeTextureUnit)
                                         .GetBindingSlot(MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureTarget(target))
                                         .GetBoundObject();
-        const auto& backendTextureIt = TextureImpl::g_backendTextureObjects.find(textureObject);
+        const auto& backendTextureIt = TextureImpl::g_backendTextureObjects.find(textureObject.get());
         if (backendTextureIt == TextureImpl::g_backendTextureObjects.end()) {
             MGLOG_E("CopyTexSubImage2D: No backend texture found for texture %u.",
                     textureObject ? textureObject->GetExternalIndex() : 0);
@@ -1069,12 +1070,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
         }
         backendTextureIt->second->Bind(target, activeTextureUnit);
 
-        errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
+        DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
             MGLOG_D("ES error (%s:%d): %s", file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
         });
         GLenum internalFormat;
         g_GLESFuncs.glGetTexLevelParameteriv(target, level, GL_TEXTURE_INTERNAL_FORMAT, (GLint*)&internalFormat);
-        errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
+        DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
             MGLOG_D("ES error (%s:%d): %s", file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
         });
         auto mgInternalFormat = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureInternalFormat(internalFormat);
@@ -1084,19 +1085,19 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
 
         if (!isDepthFormat) {
             g_GLESFuncs.glCopyTexSubImage2D(target, level, xoffset, yoffset, x, y, width, height);
-            errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
+            DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
                 MGLOG_D("ES error (%s:%d): %s", file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
             });
         } else {
             MGLOG_D("%s: Backend depth", __func__);
-            GLint currentTex = backendTextureIt->second->GetBackendTextureId();
-            errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
+            auto currentTex = backendTextureIt->second->GetBackendTextureId();
+            DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
                 MGLOG_D("ES error (%s:%d): %s", file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
             });
             GLenum attachment = isStencilFormat ? GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT : GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT;
             TempFBOBinder tempFBOBinder(false);
             g_GLESFuncs.glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, attachment, target, currentTex, level);
-            errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
+            DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
                 MGLOG_D("ES error (%s:%d): %s", file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
             });
             if (g_GLESFuncs.glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER) != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE) {
@@ -1107,7 +1108,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             g_GLESFuncs.glBlitFramebuffer(
                 x, y, x + width, y + height, xoffset, yoffset, xoffset + width, yoffset + height,
                 GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | (isStencilFormat ? GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT : 0), GL_NEAREST);
-            errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
+            DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
                 MGLOG_D("ES error (%s:%d): %s", file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
             });
         }
@@ -1120,8 +1121,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
         auto unitIndex = MG_State::pGLContext->GetActiveTextureUnit();
         auto& unit = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTextureUnitObject(unitIndex);
         auto& slot = unit.GetBindingSlot(MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToTextureTarget(target));
-        auto texture = slot.GetBoundObject();
-        auto backendTexture = TextureImpl::SyncTextureObjectToBackend(texture);
+        auto& texture = slot.GetBoundObject();
+        auto& backendTexture = TextureImpl::SyncTextureObjectToBackend(texture);
 
         backendTexture->Bind(target, unitIndex);
         g_GLESFuncs.glGenerateMipmap(target);
@@ -1184,7 +1185,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
 
         PixelStoreParameters m_prevParams;
 
-        PixelStoreParameters QueryCurrentGLPixelStoreParams(Bool isUnpack) {
+        static PixelStoreParameters QueryCurrentGLPixelStoreParams(Bool isUnpack) {
             PixelStoreParameters p;
             if (!isUnpack) {
                 g_GLESFuncs.glGetIntegerv(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT, (GLint*)&p.Alignment);
@@ -1214,7 +1215,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             return p;
         }
 
-        void Sync(Bool isUnpack, const PixelStoreParameters& params) {
+        static void Sync(Bool isUnpack, const PixelStoreParameters& params) {
             if (!isUnpack) {
                 g_GLESFuncs.glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT, params.Alignment);
                 g_GLESFuncs.glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ROW_LENGTH, params.RowLength);
@@ -1271,7 +1272,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
         }
 
         // Handle PBO
-        auto pixelPackBufferObject =
+        auto& pixelPackBufferObject =
             MG_State::pGLContext->GetBufferBindingSlot(BufferTarget::PixelPack).GetBoundObject();
         Bool usePBO;
         GLuint prevPixelPackBuffer = 0;
@@ -1279,7 +1280,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             BufferImpl::CreateAndSyncBufferObject(pixelPackBufferObject);
             MGLOG_D("ReadPixels: Using PBO %u", pixelPackBufferObject->GetExternalIndex());
             usePBO = true;
-            const auto& backendBufferIt = BufferImpl::g_backendBufferObjects.find(pixelPackBufferObject);
+            const auto& backendBufferIt = BufferImpl::g_backendBufferObjects.find(pixelPackBufferObject.get());
 
             if (backendBufferIt == BufferImpl::g_backendBufferObjects.end()) {
                 MGLOG_E("ReadPixels: No backend buffer found for PBO %u.",
@@ -1299,8 +1300,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
         if (usePBO) {
             // pull back to client memory if PBO is used
             MGLOG_D("ReadPixels: PBO used, mapping buffer to client memory");
-            GLvoid* pboMappedPtr = g_GLESFuncs.glMapBufferRange(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, 0,
-                                                                pixelPackBufferObject->GetSize(), GL_MAP_READ_BIT);
+            GLvoid* pboMappedPtr = g_GLESFuncs.glMapBufferRange(
+                GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, 0, (GLsizeiptr)pixelPackBufferObject->GetSize(), GL_MAP_READ_BIT);
             if (pboMappedPtr) {
                 MGLOG_D("ReadPixels: Copying data from PBO to client memory");
                 SizeT size = pixelPackBufferObject->GetSize();
@@ -1345,7 +1346,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
         MGLOG_D("GetTexImage: SyncCurrentFBO()");
         FramebufferImpl::SyncCurrentFBO();
 
-        Uint activeTextureUnit = MG_State::pGLContext->GetActiveTextureUnit();
+        auto activeTextureUnit = MG_State::pGLContext->GetActiveTextureUnit();
         MGLOG_D("GetTexImage: active texture unit = %u", activeTextureUnit);
 
         const auto& textureObject = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTextureUnitObject(activeTextureUnit)
@@ -1355,7 +1356,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
         MGLOG_D("GetTexImage: bound texture object = %p (name=%u)", textureObject.get(),
                 textureObject ? textureObject->GetExternalIndex() : 0);
 
-        const auto& backendTextureIt = TextureImpl::g_backendTextureObjects.find(textureObject);
+        const auto& backendTextureIt = TextureImpl::g_backendTextureObjects.find(textureObject.get());
 
         if (backendTextureIt == TextureImpl::g_backendTextureObjects.end()) {
             MGLOG_E("GetTexImage: No backend texture found for texture %u.",
@@ -1383,14 +1384,14 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             return;
         }
 
-        errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
+        DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
             MGLOG_D("ES error (%s:%d): %s", file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
         });
 
         MGLOG_D("GetTexImage: Applying TempPixelStoreParameterSync (PACK)");
         TempPixelStoreParameterSync tempPackParamsSync(false);
 
-        errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
+        DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
             MGLOG_D("ES error (%s:%d): %s", file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
         });
 
@@ -1404,7 +1405,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
 
         auto* textureMipmapObject = static_cast<MG_State::GLState::TextureObjectMipmap*>(textureObject.get());
 
-        auto levelRange = textureMipmapObject->GetLevelRange();
+        auto& levelRange = textureMipmapObject->GetLevelRange();
         MGLOG_D("GetTexImage: mipmap level range = [%d, %d)", levelRange.x(), levelRange.y());
 
         if (level < levelRange.x() || level >= levelRange.y()) {
@@ -1421,7 +1422,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
         MGLOG_D("GetTexImage: mip level %d size = %dx%d", level, size.x(), size.y());
 
         // Handle PBO
-        auto pixelPackBufferObject =
+        auto& pixelPackBufferObject =
             MG_State::pGLContext->GetBufferBindingSlot(BufferTarget::PixelPack).GetBoundObject();
         Bool usePBO;
         GLuint prevPixelPackBuffer = 0;
@@ -1429,7 +1430,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             BufferImpl::CreateAndSyncBufferObject(pixelPackBufferObject);
             MGLOG_D("GetTexImage: Using PBO %u", pixelPackBufferObject->GetExternalIndex());
             usePBO = true;
-            const auto& backendBufferIt = BufferImpl::g_backendBufferObjects.find(pixelPackBufferObject);
+            const auto& backendBufferIt = BufferImpl::g_backendBufferObjects.find(pixelPackBufferObject.get());
             if (backendBufferIt == BufferImpl::g_backendBufferObjects.end()) {
                 MGLOG_E("GetTexImage: No backend buffer found for PBO %u.",
                         pixelPackBufferObject ? pixelPackBufferObject->GetExternalIndex() : 0);
@@ -1443,7 +1444,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             MGLOG_D("GetTexImage: Not using PBO");
         }
 
-        errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
+        DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
             MGLOG_D("ES error (%s:%d): %s", file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
         });
         MGLOG_D("GetTexImage: glReadPixels(0, 0, %d, %d, %s, %s, %p)", size.x(), size.y(),
@@ -1451,14 +1452,14 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                 pixels);
         g_GLESFuncs.glReadPixels(0, 0, size.x(), size.y(), esFormat, esType, pixels);
 
-        errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
+        DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
             MGLOG_D("ES error (%s:%d): %s", file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
         });
         if (usePBO) {
             // pull back to client memory if PBO is used
             MGLOG_D("ReadPixels: PBO used, mapping buffer to client memory");
-            GLvoid* pboMappedPtr = g_GLESFuncs.glMapBufferRange(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, 0,
-                                                                pixelPackBufferObject->GetSize(), GL_MAP_READ_BIT);
+            GLvoid* pboMappedPtr = g_GLESFuncs.glMapBufferRange(
+                GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, 0, (GLsizeiptr)pixelPackBufferObject->GetSize(), GL_MAP_READ_BIT);
             if (pboMappedPtr) {
                 MGLOG_D("ReadPixels: Copying data from PBO to client memory");
                 SizeT size = pixelPackBufferObject->GetSize();
@@ -1479,7 +1480,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             }
         }
 
-        errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
+        DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__](auto err) {
             MGLOG_D("ES error (%s:%d): %s", file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
         });
         MGLOG_D("GetTexImage: finished");

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/Managers.cpp

@@ -7,10 +7,6 @@
 // End of Source File Header
 
 #include "Managers.h"
-#include "MG_State/GLState/TextureState/TextureEnum.h"
-#include "MG_State/GLState/TextureState/TextureObject.h"
-#include "MG_State/GLState/TextureState/TextureState.h"
-#include "MG_Util/Converters/GLToMG/TextureEnumConverter.h"
 #include "Utils.h"
 #include "DirectGLES.h"
 
@@ -18,6 +14,7 @@
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/GLToStr/GLEnumConverter.h>
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToGL/DataTypeConverter.h>
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToGL/BufferEnumConverter.h>
+#include <MG_Util/Converters/GLToMG/TextureEnumConverter.h>
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToGL/ProgramEnumConverter.h>
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToGL/TextureEnumConverter.h>
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToStr/TextureEnumConverter.h>
@@ -44,7 +41,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             }
         }
 
-        void BackendBufferObject::SyncToBackend(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& stateBufferObject) {
+        void BackendBufferObject::SyncToBackend(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& stateBufferObject) {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
             ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
 #endif
@@ -105,7 +102,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
         }
 
         void BackendBufferObject::SyncToBackend_glBufferData(
-            SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& stateBufferObject) {
+            const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& stateBufferObject) {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
             ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
 #endif
@@ -117,11 +114,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             GLenum usage = MG_Util::ConvertBufferUsageToGLEnum(stateBufferObject->GetUsage());
 
             Bind();
-            g_GLESFuncs.glBufferData(TempBufferTarget, size, data, usage);
+            g_GLESFuncs.glBufferData(TempBufferTarget, (GLsizeiptr)size, data, usage);
         }
 
         void BackendBufferObject::SyncToBackend_glBufferSubData(
-            SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& stateBufferObject) {
+            const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& stateBufferObject) {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
             ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
 #endif
@@ -130,7 +127,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
 
             const void* data = stateBufferObject->GetDataReadOnly()->data();
             // dirty range: [range.start, range.end)
-            auto ranges = stateBufferObject->GetDirtyRanges();
+            auto& ranges = stateBufferObject->GetDirtyRanges();
             if (ranges.empty()) {
                 MGLOG_D("No dirty range to sync for buffer with ID: %u", m_backendBufferId);
                 return;
@@ -138,20 +135,21 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
 
             for (const auto& range : ranges) {
                 Bind();
-                g_GLESFuncs.glBufferSubData(TempBufferTarget, range.start, range.end - range.start,
+                g_GLESFuncs.glBufferSubData(TempBufferTarget, (GLintptr)range.start,
+                                            (GLintptr)(range.end - range.start),
                                             reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data) + range.start);
             }
         }
 
         void BackendBufferObject::SyncToBackend_glMapBufferRange(
-            SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& stateBufferObject, Bool invalidate, Bool unsynchronized) {
+            const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& stateBufferObject, Bool invalidate, Bool unsynchronized) {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
             ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
 #endif
 
             MGLOG_D("Syncing buffer map (glMapBuffer) for object with ID : %u", m_backendBufferId);
             MGLOG_D("Mapping buffer with ID: %u", m_backendBufferId);
-            auto ranges = stateBufferObject->GetDirtyRanges();
+            auto& ranges = stateBufferObject->GetDirtyRanges();
             if (ranges.empty()) {
                 MGLOG_D("No dirty range to sync for buffer with ID: %u", m_backendBufferId);
                 return;
@@ -159,18 +157,18 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             SizeT minStart = ranges.GetOverallMinStart();
             SizeT maxEnd = ranges.GetOverallMaxEnd();
             Bind();
-            void* mappedData = g_GLESFuncs.glMapBufferRange(TempBufferTarget, minStart, maxEnd - minStart,
-                                                            (invalidate ? GL_MAP_INVALIDATE_RANGE_BIT : 0) |
-                                                                (unsynchronized ? GL_MAP_UNSYNCHRONIZED_BIT : 0) |
-                                                                GL_MAP_WRITE_BIT | GL_MAP_FLUSH_EXPLICIT_BIT);
+            void* mappedData = g_GLESFuncs.glMapBufferRange(
+                TempBufferTarget, (GLintptr)minStart, (GLintptr)(maxEnd - minStart),
+                (invalidate ? GL_MAP_INVALIDATE_RANGE_BIT : 0) | (unsynchronized ? GL_MAP_UNSYNCHRONIZED_BIT : 0) |
+                    GL_MAP_WRITE_BIT | GL_MAP_FLUSH_EXPLICIT_BIT);
             const void* data = stateBufferObject->GetDataReadOnly()->data();
             if (mappedData) {
                 MGLOG_D("Mapped buffer data successfully for object with ID: %u", m_backendBufferId);
                 Memcpy(mappedData, reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data) + minStart, maxEnd - minStart);
                 // Explicitly flush the dirty ranges
                 for (const auto& range : ranges) {
-                    g_GLESFuncs.glFlushMappedBufferRange(TempBufferTarget, range.start - minStart,
-                                                         range.end - range.start);
+                    g_GLESFuncs.glFlushMappedBufferRange(TempBufferTarget, (GLintptr)(range.start - minStart),
+                                                         (GLintptr)(range.end - range.start));
                 }
                 g_GLESFuncs.glUnmapBuffer(TempBufferTarget);
             } else {
@@ -191,7 +189,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             g_GLESFuncs.glBindBuffer(target, m_backendBufferId);
         }
 
-        UnorderedMap<SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>, SharedPtr<BackendBufferObject>> g_backendBufferObjects;
+        StateBackendObjectRegistry<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject, BackendBufferObject> g_backendBufferObjects;
         BackendBufferObject* g_boundVertexBufferObject = nullptr;
     } // namespace BufferImpl
 
@@ -209,22 +207,21 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             }
         }
 
-        void BackendVertexArrayObject::Bind() {
+        void BackendVertexArrayObject::Bind() const {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
             ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
 #endif
             g_GLESFuncs.glBindVertexArray(m_backendVAOId);
         }
 
-        void BackendVertexArrayObject::BindAttributeBuffer(Uint index,
-                                                           const MG_State::GLState::VertexAttribute& attrib) {
+        inline void BindAttributeBuffer(const MG_State::GLState::VertexAttribute& attrib) {
             const auto& bufferObject = attrib.Buffer;
             if (!bufferObject) {
                 MGLOG_W("Attribute has no bound buffer, skipping.");
                 return;
             }
 
-            const auto& backendBufferIt = BufferImpl::g_backendBufferObjects.find(bufferObject);
+            const auto& backendBufferIt = BufferImpl::g_backendBufferObjects.find(bufferObject.get());
             if (backendBufferIt == BufferImpl::g_backendBufferObjects.end()) {
                 MGLOG_E("No backend buffer found for attribute's buffer, cannot bind attribute.");
                 return;
@@ -234,7 +231,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             backendBufferObject->Bind(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER);
         }
 
-        void BackendVertexArrayObject::SyncToBackend(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject>& stateVAOObject) {
+        void BackendVertexArrayObject::SyncToBackend(
+            const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject>& stateVAOObject) {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
             ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
 #endif
@@ -268,7 +266,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                                        m_syncedAttributeVersions[attribIndex].BufferVersion;
                 if (!needsSyncFormat && !needsSyncBuffer) continue;
 
-                BindAttributeBuffer(attribIndex, attrib);
+                BindAttributeBuffer(attrib);
 
                 if (!attrib.IsInteger) {
                     g_GLESFuncs.glVertexAttribPointer(
@@ -289,7 +287,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             if (currentIndexBufferVersion != m_syncedIndexBufferVersion) {
                 const auto& indexBufferBinding = stateVAOObject->GetIndexBufferBindingSlot().GetBoundObject();
                 if (indexBufferBinding) {
-                    const auto& backendBufferIt = BufferImpl::g_backendBufferObjects.find(indexBufferBinding);
+                    const auto& backendBufferIt = BufferImpl::g_backendBufferObjects.find(indexBufferBinding.get());
                     if (backendBufferIt != BufferImpl::g_backendBufferObjects.end()) {
                         const auto& backendBufferObject = backendBufferIt->second;
                         backendBufferObject->Bind(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER);
@@ -303,7 +301,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             m_syncedAttributeVersions = allAttributeVersions;
         }
 
-        UnorderedMap<SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject>, SharedPtr<BackendVertexArrayObject>>
+        StateBackendObjectRegistry<MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject, BackendVertexArrayObject>
             g_backendVertexArrayObjects;
     } // namespace VertexArrayImpl
 
@@ -336,7 +334,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             g_boundTexturesCache[unit][targetN] = this;
         }
 
-        Uint BackendTextureObject::GetBackendTextureId() {
+        Uint BackendTextureObject::GetBackendTextureId() const {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
             ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
 #endif
@@ -344,7 +342,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
         }
 
         void BackendTextureObject::SyncMipmapsToBackend(
-            SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& stateTextureObject) {
+            const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& stateTextureObject) {
             if (!stateTextureObject) {
                 MGLOG_E("State texture object is null, cannot sync to backend.");
                 return;
@@ -353,7 +351,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
             ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
 #endif
-            DebugImpl::ErrorLopper errorLopper;
 
             MGLOG_D("Syncing texture mipmaps with backend ID %u to backend for state ID %u", m_backendTextureId,
                     stateTextureObject->GetExternalIndex());
@@ -381,7 +378,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             }
 
             Bind(target);
-            errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__, func = __func__](GLenum err) {
+            DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__, func = __func__](GLenum err) {
                 MGLOG_D("%s(%s:%d) ES error: %s", func, file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
             });
             const auto baseSize = stateTextureObject->GetBaseSize();
@@ -414,7 +411,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                                                            &glFormat, &glType);
 
                     const auto& uploadTargets = textureMipmapObject->GetUploadTargets();
-                    for (auto uploadTarget : uploadTargets) {
+                    for (auto& uploadTarget : uploadTargets) {
                         for (SizeT level = 0; level < mipmapCount; ++level) {
                             auto levelTexelSize = textureMipmapObject->GetMipmapTexelSize(uploadTarget, level);
                             auto levelByteSize = textureMipmapObject->GetMipmapByteSize(uploadTarget, level);
@@ -429,22 +426,22 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                                 levelTexelSize.x(), levelTexelSize.y(), levelTexelSize.z(), levelByteSize, pData,
                                 levelDirty ? "true" : "false");
 
-                            errorLopper.Clear();
+                            DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Clear();
                             g_GLESFuncs.glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, 0);
                             auto textureTarget = stateTextureObject->GetTarget();
                             // TODO: handle more texture types
                             switch (textureTarget) {
                             case TextureTarget::Texture2D:
                             case TextureTarget::TextureCubeMap: {
-                                g_GLESFuncs.glTexImage2D(glUploadTarget, static_cast<GLint>(level), glInternalFormat,
-                                                         static_cast<GLsizei>(levelTexelSize.x()),
-                                                         static_cast<GLsizei>(levelTexelSize.y()), 0, glFormat, glType,
-                                                         pData);
+                                g_GLESFuncs.glTexImage2D(
+                                    glUploadTarget, static_cast<GLint>(level), (GLint)glInternalFormat,
+                                    static_cast<GLsizei>(levelTexelSize.x()), static_cast<GLsizei>(levelTexelSize.y()),
+                                    0, glFormat, glType, pData);
                                 break;
                             }
                             case TextureTarget::Texture3D: {
                                 g_GLESFuncs.glTexImage3D(
-                                    glUploadTarget, static_cast<GLint>(level), glInternalFormat,
+                                    glUploadTarget, static_cast<GLint>(level), (GLint)glInternalFormat,
                                     static_cast<GLsizei>(levelTexelSize.x()), static_cast<GLsizei>(levelTexelSize.y()),
                                     static_cast<GLsizei>(levelTexelSize.z()), 0, glFormat, glType, pData);
                                 break;
@@ -454,8 +451,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                                         MG_Util::ConvertTextureTargetToString(textureTarget).c_str());
                             }
                             }
-                            errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__, func = __func__, glUploadTarget,
-                                              glInternalFormat, glFormat, glType, pData](GLenum err) {
+                            DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__, func = __func__,
+                                                          glUploadTarget, glInternalFormat, glFormat, glType,
+                                                          pData](GLenum err) {
                                 MGLOG_D("%s(%s:%d) ES error: %s. glTexImage*: target=%s, internalformat=%s, format=%s, "
                                         "type=%s, pixels=%p",
                                         func, file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str(),
@@ -478,7 +476,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                     TextureImpl::GenerateTextureFormatInfo(textureMipmapObject->GetFormat(), &glInternalFormat,
                                                            &glFormat, &glType);
                     const auto& uploadTargets = textureMipmapObject->GetUploadTargets();
-                    for (auto uploadTarget : uploadTargets) {
+                    for (auto& uploadTarget : uploadTargets) {
                         for (SizeT level = 0; level < mipmapCount; ++level) {
                             if (!textureMipmapObject->IsStorageDirty(uploadTarget, level)) {
                                 continue;
@@ -499,10 +497,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
 
                             auto glUploadTarget = MG_Util::ConvertTextureUploadTargetToGLEnum(uploadTarget);
                             g_GLESFuncs.glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, 0);
-                            errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__, func = __func__](GLenum err) {
-                                MGLOG_D("%s(%s:%d) ES error: %s", func, file, line,
-                                        MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
-                            });
+                            DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop(
+                                [file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__, func = __func__](GLenum err) {
+                                    MGLOG_D("%s(%s:%d) ES error: %s", func, file, line,
+                                            MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
+                                });
                             auto texelSize = textureMipmapObject->GetMipmapTexelSize(uploadTarget, level);
                             g_GLESFuncs.glTexSubImage2D(glUploadTarget, static_cast<GLint>(level), 0, 0,
                                                         static_cast<GLsizei>(texelSize.x()),
@@ -518,7 +517,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                 auto* textureBufferObject =
                     static_cast<MG_State::GLState::TextureObjectBuffer*>(stateTextureObject.get());
                 auto& slot = textureBufferObject->GetBufferBindingSlot();
-                auto buffer = slot.GetBoundObject();
+                auto& buffer = slot.GetBoundObject();
                 auto bufferIndex = buffer->GetExternalIndex();
                 currentTextureInfo.bufferExternalIndex = bufferIndex;
 
@@ -530,10 +529,13 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                 // Need to sync texture buffer if not synced yet
                 auto& backendBuffers = BufferImpl::g_backendBufferObjects;
                 SharedPtr<BufferImpl::BackendBufferObject> backendBufferObject;
-                const auto& backendBufferIt = backendBuffers.find(buffer);
+                const auto& backendBufferIt = backendBuffers.find(buffer.get());
                 if (backendBufferIt == backendBuffers.end()) {
-                    backendBufferObject = MakeShared<BufferImpl::BackendBufferObject>();
-                    backendBuffers[buffer] = backendBufferObject;
+                    auto& backendBufferSlot = backendBuffers.GetOrCreate(buffer);
+                    if (!backendBufferSlot) {
+                        backendBufferSlot = MakeShared<BufferImpl::BackendBufferObject>();
+                    }
+                    backendBufferObject = backendBufferSlot;
                 } else {
                     backendBufferObject = backendBufferIt->second;
                 }
@@ -553,7 +555,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                 THROW_UNIMPL_EXCEPTION;
             }
 
-            errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__, func = __func__](GLenum err) {
+            DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__, func = __func__](GLenum err) {
                 MGLOG_D("%s(%s:%d) ES error: %s", func, file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
             });
 
@@ -561,11 +563,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
         }
 
         void BackendTextureObject::SyncBuiltinSamplerToBackend(
-            SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& stateTextureObject) {
+            const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& stateTextureObject) {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
             ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
 #endif
-            DebugImpl::ErrorLopper errorLopper;
+
             if (!stateTextureObject) {
                 MGLOG_E("State texture object is null, cannot sync to backend.");
                 return;
@@ -594,7 +596,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             }
 
             Bind(target);
-            errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__, func = __func__](GLenum err) {
+            DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__, func = __func__](GLenum err) {
                 MGLOG_D("%s(%s:%d) ES error: %s", func, file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
             });
 
@@ -607,28 +609,29 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
         g_GLESFuncs.glTexParameteri(target, glName,                                                                    \
                                     MG_Util::ConvertSampler##type##ToGLEnum(samplerParams.internalName));              \
         m_cacheSamplerParameters.internalName = samplerParams.internalName;                                            \
-        errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__, func = __func__,                                           \
-                          t = MG_Util::ConvertSampler##type##ToGLEnum(samplerParams.internalName)](GLenum err) {       \
-            MGLOG_D("%s(%s:%d) ES error %s, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER = %s", func, file, line,                             \
-                    MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str(), MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(t).c_str());           \
-        });                                                                                                            \
+        DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop(                                                                                  \
+            [file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__, func = __func__,                                                        \
+             t = MG_Util::ConvertSampler##type##ToGLEnum(samplerParams.internalName)](GLenum err) {                    \
+                MGLOG_D("%s(%s:%d) ES error %s, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER = %s", func, file, line,                         \
+                        MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str(), MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(t).c_str());       \
+            });                                                                                                        \
     }
 
             if (m_cacheSamplerParameters.minFilter != samplerParams.minFilter ||
                 m_cacheSamplerParameters.mipmapMode != samplerParams.mipmapMode) {
-                g_GLESFuncs.glTexParameteri(
-                    target, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,
-                    MG_Util::ConvertSamplerFilterModeToGLEnum(samplerParams.minFilter, samplerParams.mipmapMode));
+                g_GLESFuncs.glTexParameteri(target, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,
+                                            (GLint)MG_Util::ConvertSamplerFilterModeToGLEnum(samplerParams.minFilter,
+                                                                                             samplerParams.mipmapMode));
                 m_cacheSamplerParameters.minFilter = samplerParams.minFilter;
                 m_cacheSamplerParameters.mipmapMode = samplerParams.mipmapMode;
             }
             if (m_cacheSamplerParameters.magFilter != samplerParams.magFilter) {
                 g_GLESFuncs.glTexParameteri(
                     target, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,
-                    MG_Util::ConvertSamplerFilterModeToGLEnum(samplerParams.magFilter, SamplerMipmapMode::None));
+                    (GLint)MG_Util::ConvertSamplerFilterModeToGLEnum(samplerParams.magFilter, SamplerMipmapMode::None));
                 m_cacheSamplerParameters.magFilter = samplerParams.magFilter;
             }
-            errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__, func = __func__](GLenum err) {
+            DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__, func = __func__](GLenum err) {
                 MGLOG_D("%s(%s:%d) ES error %s", func, file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
             });
 
@@ -645,18 +648,18 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                 g_GLESFuncs.glTexParameterf(target, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LOD, samplerParams.maxLod);
                 m_cacheSamplerParameters.maxLod = samplerParams.maxLod;
             }
-            errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__, func = __func__](GLenum err) {
+            DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__, func = __func__](GLenum err) {
                 MGLOG_D("%s(%s:%d) ES error %s", func, file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
             });
 #undef SYNC_TEX_SAMPLER_PARAM_IF_CHANGED
         }
 
         void BackendTextureObject::SyncTextureParamsToBackend(
-            SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& stateTextureObject) {
+            const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& stateTextureObject) {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
             ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
 #endif
-            DebugImpl::ErrorLopper errorLopper;
+
             if (!stateTextureObject) {
                 MGLOG_E("State texture object is null, cannot sync to backend.");
                 return;
@@ -683,7 +686,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             }
 
             Bind(target);
-            errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__, func = __func__](GLenum err) {
+            DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__, func = __func__](GLenum err) {
                 MGLOG_D("%s(%s:%d) ES error: %s", func, file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
             });
 
@@ -696,14 +699,14 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                 g_GLESFuncs.glTexParameteri(target, GL_TEXTURE_BASE_LEVEL, static_cast<GLint>(levelRange.x()));
                 m_cacheLodRange.x() = levelRange.x();
             }
-            errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__, func = __func__](GLenum err) {
+            DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__, func = __func__](GLenum err) {
                 MGLOG_D("%s(%s:%d) ES error %s", func, file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
             });
             if (m_cacheLodRange.y() != levelRange.y()) {
                 g_GLESFuncs.glTexParameteri(target, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LEVEL, static_cast<GLint>(levelRange.y()));
                 m_cacheLodRange.y() = levelRange.y();
             }
-            errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__, func = __func__](GLenum err) {
+            DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__, func = __func__](GLenum err) {
                 MGLOG_D("%s(%s:%d) ES error %s", func, file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
             });
 
@@ -720,7 +723,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                 SYNC_TEX_SWIZZLE_PARAM_IF_CHANGED(a(), GL_TEXTURE_SWIZZLE_A);
 #undef SYNC_TEX_SWIZZLE_PARAM_IF_CHANGED
                 m_cacheSwizzleParams = swizzleParams;
-                errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__, func = __func__](GLenum err) {
+                DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__, func = __func__](GLenum err) {
                     MGLOG_D("%s(%s:%d) ES error %s", func, file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
                 });
             }
@@ -730,7 +733,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                 GLfloat borderColorArray[4] = {borderColor.x(), borderColor.y(), borderColor.z(), borderColor.w()};
                 g_GLESFuncs.glTexParameterfv(target, GL_TEXTURE_BORDER_COLOR, borderColorArray);
                 m_cacheBorderColor = borderColor;
-                errorLopper.Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__, func = __func__](GLenum err) {
+                DebugImpl::ErrorLopper::Loop([file = __FILE__, line = __LINE__, func = __func__](GLenum err) {
                     MGLOG_D("%s(%s:%d) ES error %s", func, file, line, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(err).c_str());
                 });
             }
@@ -760,8 +763,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
         Array<Array<BackendTextureObject*, (SizeT)TextureTarget::TextureTargetCount>,
               MG_State::GLState::TextureState::MAX_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS>
             g_boundTexturesCache;
-        UnorderedMap<SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>, SharedPtr<BackendTextureObject>>
-            g_backendTextureObjects;
+        StateBackendObjectRegistry<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject, BackendTextureObject> g_backendTextureObjects;
     } // namespace TextureImpl
 
     namespace FramebufferImpl {
@@ -778,7 +780,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             }
         }
 
-        void BackendFramebufferObject::Bind(FramebufferTarget target) {
+        void BackendFramebufferObject::Bind(FramebufferTarget target) const {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
             ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
 #endif
@@ -788,12 +790,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                 g_GLESFuncs.glBindFramebuffer(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, m_backendFBOId);
         }
 
-        Bool BackendFramebufferObject::SyncAttachmentObject(
-            GLenum glFBOTarget, const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferAttachmentObject& attachmentObject,
-            GLenum glBackendAttachment) {
+        static Bool SyncAttachmentObject(GLenum glFBOTarget,
+                                         const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferAttachmentObject& attachmentObject,
+                                         GLenum glBackendAttachment) {
             if (attachmentObject.IsTexture()) {
                 const auto& textureObject = attachmentObject.GetTexture();
-                const auto& backendTextureIt = TextureImpl::g_backendTextureObjects.find(textureObject);
+                const auto& backendTextureIt = TextureImpl::g_backendTextureObjects.find(textureObject.get());
                 if (backendTextureIt == TextureImpl::g_backendTextureObjects.end()) {
                     MGLOG_E("%s: No backend texture found for FBO attachment, cannot bind texture.", __func__);
                     return false;
@@ -807,11 +809,15 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             } else if (attachmentObject.IsRenderbuffer()) {
                 const auto& renderbufferObject = attachmentObject.GetRenderbuffer();
                 const auto& backendRenderbufferIt =
-                    RenderbufferImpl::g_backendRenderbufferObjects.find(renderbufferObject);
+                    RenderbufferImpl::g_backendRenderbufferObjects.find(renderbufferObject.get());
                 SharedPtr<RenderbufferImpl::BackendRenderbufferObject> backendRenderbufferObject;
                 if (backendRenderbufferIt == RenderbufferImpl::g_backendRenderbufferObjects.end()) {
-                    backendRenderbufferObject = MakeShared<RenderbufferImpl::BackendRenderbufferObject>();
-                    RenderbufferImpl::g_backendRenderbufferObjects[renderbufferObject] = backendRenderbufferObject;
+                    auto& backendRenderbufferSlot =
+                        RenderbufferImpl::g_backendRenderbufferObjects.GetOrCreate(renderbufferObject);
+                    if (!backendRenderbufferSlot) {
+                        backendRenderbufferSlot = MakeShared<RenderbufferImpl::BackendRenderbufferObject>();
+                    }
+                    backendRenderbufferObject = backendRenderbufferSlot;
                 } else {
                     backendRenderbufferObject = backendRenderbufferIt->second;
                 }
@@ -824,8 +830,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             return true;
         }
 
-        void BackendFramebufferObject::SyncToBackend(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& stateFBOObject,
-                                                     FramebufferTarget asTarget) {
+        void BackendFramebufferObject::SyncToBackend(
+            const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& stateFBOObject, FramebufferTarget asTarget) {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
             ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
 #endif
@@ -853,7 +859,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                 std::fill(m_backendDrawBuffers, m_backendDrawBuffers + FramebufferObject::MAX_DRAW_BUFFERS, GL_NONE);
                 int nEffectiveBuffers = 0;
                 for (GLint i = 0; i < FramebufferObject::MAX_DRAW_BUFFERS; ++i) {
-                    auto frontendBuf = stateDrawBuffers[i];
+                    auto& frontendBuf = stateDrawBuffers[i];
                     if (frontendBuf == FramebufferAttachmentType::None) {
                         m_backendDrawBuffers[i] = GL_NONE;
                         continue;
@@ -892,7 +898,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             const auto& attachmentVersions = stateFBOObject->GetAllFramebufferAttachmentVersions();
             for (SizeT i = 0; i < attachments.size(); ++i) {
                 const auto& attachmentObject = attachments[i];
-                FramebufferAttachmentType frontendType = static_cast<FramebufferAttachmentType>(i);
+                auto frontendType = static_cast<FramebufferAttachmentType>(i);
                 GLenum glBackendAttachment = GL_NONE;
                 if (frontendType >= FramebufferAttachmentType::Color0 &&
                     frontendType <= FramebufferAttachmentType::Color31)
@@ -928,7 +934,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                     // Verify that the backend object's name and parameters match the frontend attachment state
                     if (attachmentObject.IsTexture()) {
                         const auto& textureObject = attachmentObject.GetTexture();
-                        auto backendTextureIt = TextureImpl::g_backendTextureObjects.find(textureObject);
+                        auto backendTextureIt = TextureImpl::g_backendTextureObjects.find(textureObject.get());
                         MOBILEGL_ASSERT(backendTextureIt != TextureImpl::g_backendTextureObjects.end(),
                                         "No backend texture found while framebuffer reports texture attachment.");
                         GLuint backendTexId = backendTextureIt->second->GetBackendTextureId();
@@ -944,7 +950,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                                         "Attachment texture level mismatch between GLES and state object.");
                     } else if (attachmentObject.IsRenderbuffer()) {
                         const auto& renderbufferObject = attachmentObject.GetRenderbuffer();
-                        auto backendRboIt = RenderbufferImpl::g_backendRenderbufferObjects.find(renderbufferObject);
+                        auto backendRboIt =
+                            RenderbufferImpl::g_backendRenderbufferObjects.find(renderbufferObject.get());
                         MOBILEGL_ASSERT(
                             backendRboIt != RenderbufferImpl::g_backendRenderbufferObjects.end(),
                             "No backend renderbuffer found while framebuffer reports renderbuffer attachment.");
@@ -975,14 +982,13 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             return glBackendReadBuffer;
         }
 
-        UnorderedMap<SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>, SharedPtr<BackendFramebufferObject>>
+        StateBackendObjectRegistry<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject, BackendFramebufferObject>
             g_backendFramebufferObjects;
         Array<Uint16, SizeT(FramebufferTarget::FramebufferTargetCount)> g_fboBindVersions = {0};
     } // namespace FramebufferImpl
 
     namespace PrgramImpl {
-        UnorderedMap<SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject>, SharedPtr<BackendProgramObjectImpl>>
-            g_backendProgramObjects;
+        StateBackendObjectRegistry<MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject, BackendProgramObjectImpl> g_backendProgramObjects;
 
         BackendProgramObjectImpl::BackendProgramObjectImpl() {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
@@ -1008,7 +1014,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             }
         }
 
-        void BackendProgramObjectImpl::SyncToBackend(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject>& stateProgramObject) {
+        void BackendProgramObjectImpl::SyncToBackend(
+            const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject>& stateProgramObject) {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
             ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
 #endif
@@ -1068,7 +1075,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                 String source;
                 auto& spirvCode = shaderSpirvs[index];
 
-                MG_Util::ShaderTranspiler::SpvcSession spvcSession(spirvCode);
+                MG_Util::ShaderTranspiler::SpvcSession spvcSession(spirvCode,
+                    MG_Util::ShaderTranspiler::SessionUsageBit::Transpile);
 
                 spvc_compiler_options options;
                 spvcSession.CreateOptions(&options);
@@ -1161,7 +1169,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             MGLOG_D("Program sync completed. backend ID %u", m_backendProgramId);
         }
 
-        void BackendProgramObjectImpl::Use() {
+        void BackendProgramObjectImpl::Use() const {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
             ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
 #endif
@@ -1184,7 +1192,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             }
         }
 
-        void BackendSamplerObject::SyncToBackend(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject>& stateSamplerObject) {
+        void BackendSamplerObject::SyncToBackend(
+            const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject>& stateSamplerObject) {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
             ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
 #endif
@@ -1210,22 +1219,22 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
 #define SYNC_SAMPLER_PARAM_IF_CHANGED(internalName, glName, type)                                                      \
     if (m_cacheSamplerParameters.internalName != samplerParams.internalName) {                                         \
         g_GLESFuncs.glSamplerParameteri(m_backendSamplerId, glName,                                                    \
-                                        MG_Util::ConvertSampler##type##ToGLEnum(samplerParams.internalName));          \
+                                        (GLint)MG_Util::ConvertSampler##type##ToGLEnum(samplerParams.internalName));   \
         m_cacheSamplerParameters.internalName = samplerParams.internalName;                                            \
     }
 
             if (m_cacheSamplerParameters.minFilter != samplerParams.minFilter ||
                 m_cacheSamplerParameters.mipmapMode != samplerParams.mipmapMode) {
-                g_GLESFuncs.glSamplerParameteri(
-                    m_backendSamplerId, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,
-                    MG_Util::ConvertSamplerFilterModeToGLEnum(samplerParams.minFilter, samplerParams.mipmapMode));
+                g_GLESFuncs.glSamplerParameteri(m_backendSamplerId, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,
+                                                (GLint)MG_Util::ConvertSamplerFilterModeToGLEnum(
+                                                    samplerParams.minFilter, samplerParams.mipmapMode));
                 m_cacheSamplerParameters.minFilter = samplerParams.minFilter;
                 m_cacheSamplerParameters.mipmapMode = samplerParams.mipmapMode;
             }
             if (m_cacheSamplerParameters.magFilter != samplerParams.magFilter) {
                 g_GLESFuncs.glSamplerParameteri(
                     m_backendSamplerId, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,
-                    MG_Util::ConvertSamplerFilterModeToGLEnum(samplerParams.magFilter, SamplerMipmapMode::None));
+                    (GLint)MG_Util::ConvertSamplerFilterModeToGLEnum(samplerParams.magFilter, SamplerMipmapMode::None));
                 m_cacheSamplerParameters.magFilter = samplerParams.magFilter;
             }
 
@@ -1256,7 +1265,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             g_boundSamplersCache[unit] = this;
         }
 
-        Uint BackendSamplerObject::GetBackendSamplerId() {
+        Uint BackendSamplerObject::GetBackendSamplerId() const {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
             ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
 #endif
@@ -1271,8 +1280,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
         }
 
         Array<BackendSamplerObject*, MG_State::GLState::TextureState::MAX_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS> g_boundSamplersCache;
-        UnorderedMap<SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject>, SharedPtr<BackendSamplerObject>>
-            g_backendSamplerObjects;
+        StateBackendObjectRegistry<MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject, BackendSamplerObject> g_backendSamplerObjects;
     } // namespace SamplerImpl
 
     namespace RenderbufferImpl {
@@ -1287,7 +1295,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             }
         }
 
-        void BackendRenderbufferObject::Bind() {
+        void BackendRenderbufferObject::Bind() const {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
             ZoneScopedC(TRACY_ZONECOLOR_BACKEND);
 #endif
@@ -1334,9 +1342,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             MGLOG_D("RBO %u sync completed. backend ID %u", stateRBOObject->GetExternalIndex(), m_backendRBOId);
         }
 
-        UnorderedMap<SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject>, SharedPtr<BackendRenderbufferObject>>
+        StateBackendObjectRegistry<MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject, BackendRenderbufferObject>
             g_backendRenderbufferObjects;
     } // namespace RenderbufferImpl
-
-    namespace Utils {} // namespace Utils
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/Managers.h

@@ -15,19 +15,113 @@
 #include <MG_State/GLState/Core.h>
 
 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
+    template <typename StateObject, typename BackendObject>
+    class StateBackendObjectRegistry {
+    public:
+        using StatePtr = SharedPtr<StateObject>;
+        using StateWeakPtr = std::weak_ptr<StateObject>;
+        using BackendPtr = SharedPtr<BackendObject>;
+        using BackendMap = UnorderedMap<StateObject*, BackendPtr>;
+        using StateRefMap = UnorderedMap<StateObject*, StateWeakPtr>;
+        using iterator = typename BackendMap::iterator;
+        using const_iterator = typename BackendMap::const_iterator;
+
+        BackendPtr& GetOrCreate(const StatePtr& stateObj) {
+            MOBILEGL_ASSERT(stateObj != nullptr, "State object must not be null");
+
+            auto* key = stateObj.get();
+            auto trackedStateIt = m_stateRefs.find(key);
+            if (trackedStateIt != m_stateRefs.end() && trackedStateIt->second.expired()) {
+                EraseByKey(key);
+            }
+            m_stateRefs[key] = stateObj;
+            return m_backendObjects[key];
+        }
+
+        iterator find(StateObject* stateObj) {
+            if (!IsAlive(stateObj)) {
+                EraseByKey(stateObj);
+                return m_backendObjects.end();
+            }
+            return m_backendObjects.find(stateObj);
+        }
+
+        const_iterator find(StateObject* stateObj) const {
+            return const_cast<StateBackendObjectRegistry*>(this)->find(stateObj);
+        }
+
+        iterator end() { return m_backendObjects.end(); }
+        const_iterator end() const { return m_backendObjects.end(); }
+
+        void CollectGarbageIfNeeded() {
+            ++m_gcTick;
+            if (m_gcTick < kGCInterval) {
+                return;
+            }
+            CollectGarbage();
+            m_gcTick = 0;
+        }
+
+        void CollectGarbageNow() { CollectGarbage(); }
+
+    private:
+        bool IsAlive(StateObject* stateObj) const {
+            const auto trackedStateIt = m_stateRefs.find(stateObj);
+            if (trackedStateIt == m_stateRefs.end()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            return !trackedStateIt->second.expired();
+        }
+
+        void EraseByKey(StateObject* stateObj) {
+            m_stateRefs.erase(stateObj);
+            m_backendObjects.erase(stateObj);
+        }
+
+        void CollectGarbage() {
+            if (m_isCollecting) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            m_isCollecting = true;
+
+            Vector<StateObject*> staleKeys;
+            staleKeys.reserve(m_stateRefs.size());
+            for (const auto& [stateKey, stateWeakRef] : m_stateRefs) {
+                if (stateWeakRef.expired()) {
+                    staleKeys.push_back(stateKey);
+                }
+            }
+
+            for (auto* stateKey : staleKeys) {
+                m_stateRefs.erase(stateKey);
+                m_backendObjects.erase(stateKey);
+            }
+
+            m_isCollecting = false;
+        }
+
+    private:
+        static constexpr Uint32 kGCInterval = 1024;
+        StateRefMap m_stateRefs;
+        BackendMap m_backendObjects;
+        Uint32 m_gcTick = 0;
+        Bool m_isCollecting = false;
+    };
+
     namespace BufferImpl {
         const GLenum TempBufferTarget = GL_ARRAY_BUFFER;
         class BackendBufferObject {
         public:
             BackendBufferObject();
-            void SyncToBackend(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& stateBufferObject);
-            Uint GetBackendBufferId() { return m_backendBufferId; }
+            void SyncToBackend(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& stateBufferObject);
+            Uint GetBackendBufferId() const { return m_backendBufferId; }
             void Bind(GLenum target = TempBufferTarget);
 
         private:
-            void SyncToBackend_glBufferData(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& stateBufferObject);
-            void SyncToBackend_glBufferSubData(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& stateBufferObject);
-            void SyncToBackend_glMapBufferRange(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& stateBufferObject,
+            void SyncToBackend_glBufferData(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& stateBufferObject);
+            void SyncToBackend_glBufferSubData(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& stateBufferObject);
+            void SyncToBackend_glMapBufferRange(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& stateBufferObject,
                                                 Bool invalidate = true, Bool unsynchronized = true);
 
             Uint m_backendBufferId = 0;
@@ -36,21 +130,18 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
         };
 
         extern BackendBufferObject* g_boundVertexBufferObject;
-        extern UnorderedMap<SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>, SharedPtr<BackendBufferObject>>
-            g_backendBufferObjects;
+        extern StateBackendObjectRegistry<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject, BackendBufferObject> g_backendBufferObjects;
     } // namespace BufferImpl
 
     namespace VertexArrayImpl {
         class BackendVertexArrayObject {
         public:
             BackendVertexArrayObject();
-            void SyncToBackend(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject>& stateVAOObject);
-            Uint GetBackendVertexArrayId() { return m_backendVAOId; }
-            void Bind();
+            void SyncToBackend(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject>& stateVAOObject);
+            Uint GetBackendVertexArrayId() const { return m_backendVAOId; }
+            void Bind() const;
 
         private:
-            void BindAttributeBuffer(Uint index, const MG_State::GLState::VertexAttribute& attrib);
-
             Uint m_backendVAOId = 0;
             Bool m_isInitialized = false;
             Uint16 m_syncedIndexBufferVersion = 0;
@@ -58,7 +149,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                 m_syncedAttributeVersions;
         };
 
-        extern UnorderedMap<SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject>, SharedPtr<BackendVertexArrayObject>>
+        extern StateBackendObjectRegistry<MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject, BackendVertexArrayObject>
             g_backendVertexArrayObjects;
     } // namespace VertexArrayImpl
 
@@ -92,11 +183,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
         class BackendTextureObject {
         public:
             BackendTextureObject();
-            void SyncMipmapsToBackend(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& stateTextureObject);
-            void SyncBuiltinSamplerToBackend(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& stateTextureObject);
-            void SyncTextureParamsToBackend(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& stateTextureObject);
+            void SyncMipmapsToBackend(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& stateTextureObject);
+            void SyncBuiltinSamplerToBackend(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& stateTextureObject);
+            void SyncTextureParamsToBackend(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& stateTextureObject);
             void Bind(GLenum target, Uint unit = TempTextureUnit);
-            Uint GetBackendTextureId();
+            Uint GetBackendTextureId() const;
 
         private:
             Uint m_backendTextureId = 0;
@@ -113,7 +204,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
 
         void ActivateTextureUnit(Uint unit);
         void UnbindTexture(Uint unit, GLenum target);
-        extern UnorderedMap<SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>, SharedPtr<BackendTextureObject>>
+        extern StateBackendObjectRegistry<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject, BackendTextureObject>
             g_backendTextureObjects;
         extern Array<Array<BackendTextureObject*, (SizeT)TextureTarget::TextureTargetCount>,
                      MG_State::GLState::TextureState::MAX_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS>
@@ -125,13 +216,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
         class BackendFramebufferObject {
         public:
             BackendFramebufferObject();
-            void SyncToBackend(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& stateFBOObject,
+            void SyncToBackend(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>& stateFBOObject,
                                FramebufferTarget asTarget);
-            Uint GetBackendFramebufferId() { return m_backendFBOId; }
-            void Bind(FramebufferTarget target);
-            bool SyncAttachmentObject(GLenum glFBOTarget,
-                                      const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferAttachmentObject& attachmentObject,
-                                      GLenum glBackendAttachment);
+            Uint GetBackendFramebufferId() const { return m_backendFBOId; }
+            void Bind(FramebufferTarget target) const;
             //            FramebufferAttachmentType GetCompactedAttachmentTypeAtDrawBufferIndex(Int index);
             GLenum GetBackendAttachmentType(FramebufferAttachmentType frontendAtt) const;
 
@@ -159,7 +247,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             FramebufferObject::FramebufferAttachmentVersionArray m_syncedFrontendAttachmentVersions = {0};
         };
 
-        extern UnorderedMap<SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject>, SharedPtr<BackendFramebufferObject>>
+        extern StateBackendObjectRegistry<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject, BackendFramebufferObject>
             g_backendFramebufferObjects;
         extern Array<Uint16, SizeT(FramebufferTarget::FramebufferTargetCount)> g_fboBindVersions;
     } // namespace FramebufferImpl
@@ -169,8 +257,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
         public:
             BackendProgramObjectImpl();
             ~BackendProgramObjectImpl();
-            void SyncToBackend(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject>& stateProgramObject);
-            void Use();
+            void SyncToBackend(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject>& stateProgramObject);
+            void Use() const;
             Uint GetBackendProgramId() const { return m_backendProgramId; }
             Uint GetBackendGlobalUBOId() const { return m_backendGlobalUBOId; }
 
@@ -180,7 +268,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             Bool m_isInitialized = false;
         };
 
-        extern UnorderedMap<SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject>, SharedPtr<BackendProgramObjectImpl>>
+        extern StateBackendObjectRegistry<MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject, BackendProgramObjectImpl>
             g_backendProgramObjects;
     } // namespace PrgramImpl
 
@@ -188,9 +276,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
         class BackendSamplerObject {
         public:
             BackendSamplerObject();
-            void SyncToBackend(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject>& stateSamplerObject);
+            void SyncToBackend(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject>& stateSamplerObject);
             void Bind(Uint unit);
-            Uint GetBackendSamplerId();
+            Uint GetBackendSamplerId() const;
 
         private:
             Uint m_backendSamplerId = 0;
@@ -203,7 +291,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
 
         extern Array<BackendSamplerObject*, MG_State::GLState::TextureState::MAX_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS>
             g_boundSamplersCache;
-        extern UnorderedMap<SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject>, SharedPtr<BackendSamplerObject>>
+        extern StateBackendObjectRegistry<MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject, BackendSamplerObject>
             g_backendSamplerObjects;
     } // namespace SamplerImpl
 
@@ -212,8 +300,8 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
         public:
             BackendRenderbufferObject();
             void SyncToBackend(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject>& stateRBOObject);
-            Uint GetBackendRenderbufferId() { return m_backendRBOId; }
-            void Bind();
+            Uint GetBackendRenderbufferId() const { return m_backendRBOId; }
+            void Bind() const;
 
         private:
             Uint m_backendRBOId = 0;
@@ -223,7 +311,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
             Int m_cacheHeight = 0;
         };
 
-        extern UnorderedMap<SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject>, SharedPtr<BackendRenderbufferObject>>
+        extern StateBackendObjectRegistry<MG_State::GLState::RenderbufferObject, BackendRenderbufferObject>
             g_backendRenderbufferObjects;
     } // namespace RenderbufferImpl
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/Utils.cpp

@@ -19,10 +19,6 @@
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToGL/FramebufferEnumConverter.h>
 
 namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
-    namespace BufferImpl {} // namespace BufferImpl
-
-    namespace VertexArrayImpl {} // namespace VertexArrayImpl
-
     namespace TextureImpl {
         void GenerateTextureFormatInfo(TextureInternalFormat internalFormat, GLenum* outInternalFormat,
                                        GLenum* outFormat, GLenum* outType) {
@@ -36,9 +32,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                                  outInternalFormat, outFormat, outType);
         }
     } // namespace TextureImpl
-
-    namespace FramebufferImpl {} // namespace FramebufferImpl
-
     namespace PrgramImpl {
         String ProcessOutColorLocations(const String& glslCode) {
 #ifdef TRACY_ENABLE
@@ -166,7 +159,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                 return GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BINDING;
 
             case GL_FRAMEBUFFER:
-                return GL_FRAMEBUFFER_BINDING;
             case GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER:
                 return GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER_BINDING;
             case GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER:
@@ -176,7 +168,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
                 return GL_RENDERBUFFER_BINDING;
 
             case GL_VERTEX_ARRAY:
-                return GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_BINDING;
             case GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_BINDING:
                 return GL_VERTEX_ARRAY_BINDING;
 

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectGLES/Utils.h

@@ -14,15 +14,15 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectGLES {
     namespace DebugImpl {
         class ErrorLopper {
         public:
-            void Loop(std::function<void(GLenum)>);
-            void Clear();
+            static void Loop(const std::function<void(GLenum)>&);
+            static void Clear();
             ErrorLopper();
             ~ErrorLopper();
         };
 
         class OpenGLScopeMarker {
         public:
-            explicit OpenGLScopeMarker(String scopeName);
+            explicit OpenGLScopeMarker(const String& scopeName);
             ~OpenGLScopeMarker();
         };
     } // namespace DebugImpl

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/BackendObject_DirectVulkan.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/BackendObject_DirectVulkan.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#include "BackendObject_DirectVulkan.h"
+#include "MG_Backend/BackendObject.h"
+#include "DirectVulkan.h"
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    namespace {
+        Bool IsReleaseCurrentRequest(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface draw, EGLSurface read, EGLContext ctx) {
+            return dpy == EGL_NO_DISPLAY && draw == EGL_NO_SURFACE && read == EGL_NO_SURFACE && ctx == EGL_NO_CONTEXT;
+        }
+    } // namespace
+
+    BackendObject_DirectVulkan::~BackendObject_DirectVulkan() = default;
+
+    Bool BackendObject_DirectVulkan::InitWindowSurface() {
+        if (!m_windowHandle.Handle) {
+            MGLOG_E("Cannot initialize DirectVulkan window surface: native window handle is null");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto nativeWindow = reinterpret_cast<NativeWindowType>(m_windowHandle.Handle);
+
+        pVulkanRenderer = MakeUnique<MG_Backend::DirectVulkan::VulkanRenderer>(nativeWindow);
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(pVulkanRenderer != nullptr, "InitWindowSurface: VulkanRenderer creation failed");
+        pVulkanRenderer->Initialize();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void BackendObject_DirectVulkan::Initialize() {
+        m_initialized = true;
+    }
+
+    Bool BackendObject_DirectVulkan::InitCapabilities() {
+        if (!m_initialized) {
+            MGLOG_E("Cannot initialize capabilities before backend is initialized");
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!pVulkanRenderer) {
+            MGLOG_E("Cannot initialize capabilities: Vulkan renderer has not been created");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        MG_Util::BackendLoader::FillInVulkanCapabilities(m_vulkanCaps, pVulkanRenderer->GetPhysicalDevice().properties);
+        UpdateDynamicBackendParameters();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool BackendObject_DirectVulkan::InitializeEGLDisplay(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLint* major, EGLint* minor) {
+        if (!m_initialized) {
+            MGLOG_E("DirectVulkan backend not initialized");
+            return false;
+        }
+        return BackendObject::InitializeEGLDisplay(dpy, major, minor);
+    }
+
+    Bool BackendObject_DirectVulkan::CreateEGLWindowSurface(const WindowHandle& handle) {
+        const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(m_eglStateMutex);
+        if (!m_initialized) {
+            MGLOG_E("DirectVulkan backend not initialized");
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (handle.Backend != WindowBackend::Android || !handle.Handle) {
+            MGLOG_E("DirectVulkan backend only supports Android native windows");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const Bool sameHandle =
+            m_eglWindowSurfaceInitialized && m_windowHandle.Backend == handle.Backend && m_windowHandle.Handle == handle.Handle;
+        if (sameHandle) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (m_eglWindowSurfaceInitialized || pVulkanRenderer) {
+            pVulkanRenderer.reset();
+            ResetEGLRuntimeState();
+        }
+
+        return BackendObject::CreateEGLWindowSurface(handle);
+    }
+
+    Bool BackendObject_DirectVulkan::MakeEGLCurrent(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface draw, EGLSurface read, EGLContext ctx) {
+        const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(m_eglStateMutex);
+        if (IsReleaseCurrentRequest(dpy, draw, read, ctx)) {
+            return BackendObject::MakeEGLCurrent(dpy, draw, read, ctx);
+        }
+        if (!pVulkanRenderer) {
+            MGLOG_E("DirectVulkan renderer is not initialized");
+            return false;
+        }
+        return BackendObject::MakeEGLCurrent(dpy, draw, read, ctx);
+    }
+
+    Bool BackendObject_DirectVulkan::SwapEGLBuffers(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface draw) {
+        const std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(m_eglStateMutex);
+        if (!pVulkanRenderer) {
+            MGLOG_E("DirectVulkan renderer is not initialized");
+            return false;
+        }
+        return BackendObject::SwapEGLBuffers(dpy, draw);
+    }
+
+    const RendererInfo& BackendObject_DirectVulkan::GetRendererInfo() const {
+        static RendererInfo RendererInfo = {
+            .RendererName = "Magma",          // Renderer Name
+            .BackendName = "Direct (Vulkan)", // Backend Name
+            .ExtraVendor = Nullopt,           // Extra vendor
+            .RendererGLInfo =
+                {
+                    .TargetGLVersion = {3, 3, 0},                      // Target OpenGL Version
+                    .TargetGLSLVersion = {4, 6, 0},                    // Target Shading Language Version
+                    .Extensions = {V_OpenGL30, V_OpenGL31, V_OpenGL32, // OpenGL Extensions
+                                   V_OpenGL33},
+                    .IsCompatibilityProfile = false // Is Compatibility Profile
+                },
+            .StaticBackendCapability = {.AllowVSOnlyPrograms = false} // Backend Capability
+        };
+        return RendererInfo;
+    }
+
+    String BackendObject_DirectVulkan::GetBackendAPIVersionString() const {
+        if (!m_initialized) {
+            return "<uninitialized DirectVulkan backend>";
+        }
+        // Format:
+        // <GPU Name>, Vulkan <Vulkan Version>, Driver <Driver Version>
+        String str = m_vulkanCaps.DeviceName + ", Vulkan " + m_vulkanCaps.VulkanAPIVersion.toString() + ", Driver " +
+                     m_vulkanCaps.DriverVersionString;
+        return str;
+    }
+
+    BackendType BackendObject_DirectVulkan::GetBackendType() const {
+        return BackendType::DirectVulkan;
+    }
+
+    const GlobalBackendFunctionsTable& BackendObject_DirectVulkan::GetBackendFunctions() const {
+        static GlobalBackendFunctionsTable funcsTable;
+        static Bool funcsTableInitialized = false;
+        if (!funcsTableInitialized) {
+            funcsTable.Present = Present;
+            funcsTable.GL.DrawArrays = DrawArrays;
+            funcsTable.GL.DrawElements = DrawElements;
+            funcsTable.GL.DrawElementsBaseVertex = DrawElementsBaseVertex;
+            funcsTable.GL.MultiDrawElements = MultiDrawElements;
+            funcsTable.GL.MultiDrawElementsBaseVertex = MultiDrawElementsBaseVertex;
+            funcsTable.GL.MultiDrawElementsIndirect = MultiDrawElementsIndirect;
+            funcsTable.GL.MultiDrawArraysIndirect = MultiDrawArraysIndirect;
+            funcsTable.GL.DrawRangeElementsBaseVertex = DrawRangeElementsBaseVertex;
+            funcsTable.GL.DrawRangeElements = DrawRangeElements;
+            funcsTable.GL.DrawElementsInstancedBaseVertexBaseInstance = DrawElementsInstancedBaseVertexBaseInstance;
+            funcsTable.GL.DrawElementsInstancedBaseVertex = DrawElementsInstancedBaseVertex;
+            funcsTable.GL.DrawElementsInstancedBaseInstance = DrawElementsInstancedBaseInstance;
+            funcsTable.GL.DrawElementsInstanced = DrawElementsInstanced;
+            funcsTable.GL.DrawArraysInstancedBaseInstance = DrawArraysInstancedBaseInstance;
+            funcsTable.GL.DrawArraysInstanced = DrawArraysInstanced;
+            funcsTable.GL.DrawElementsIndirect = DrawElementsIndirect;
+            funcsTable.GL.DrawArraysIndirect = DrawArraysIndirect;
+            funcsTable.GL.Clear = Clear;
+            funcsTable.GL.ClearBufferfi = ClearBufferfi;
+            funcsTable.GL.ClearBufferfv = ClearBufferfv;
+            funcsTable.GL.ClearBufferuiv = ClearBufferuiv;
+            funcsTable.GL.ClearBufferiv = ClearBufferiv;
+            funcsTable.GL.BlitFramebuffer = BlitFramebuffer;
+            funcsTable.GL.CopyTexImage2D = CopyTexImage2D;
+            funcsTable.GL.CopyTexSubImage2D = CopyTexSubImage2D;
+            funcsTable.GL.GenerateMipmap = GenerateMipmap;
+            funcsTable.GL.ReadPixels = ReadPixels;
+            funcsTable.GL.GetTexImage = GetTexImage;
+            funcsTableInitialized = true;
+        }
+        return funcsTable;
+    }
+
+    const DynamicBackendParameters& BackendObject_DirectVulkan::GetDynamicParameters() const {
+        return m_dynamicParameters;
+    }
+
+    void BackendObject_DirectVulkan::UpdateDynamicBackendParameters() {
+        m_dynamicParameters.UniformBufferOffsetAlignment = m_vulkanCaps.UniformBufferOffsetAlignment;
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/BackendObject_DirectVulkan.h

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/BackendObject_DirectVulkan.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#pragma once
+#include <Includes.h>
+#include "../BackendObject.h"
+#include <MG_Util/BackendLoaders/Vulkan/Loader.h>
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    class BackendObject_DirectVulkan : public BackendObject {
+    public:
+        ~BackendObject_DirectVulkan() override;
+
+        void Initialize() override;
+        Bool InitWindowSurface() override;
+        Bool InitCapabilities() override;
+        Bool InitializeEGLDisplay(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLint* major, EGLint* minor) override;
+        Bool CreateEGLWindowSurface(const WindowHandle& handle) override;
+        Bool MakeEGLCurrent(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface draw, EGLSurface read, EGLContext ctx) override;
+        Bool SwapEGLBuffers(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface draw) override;
+
+        const RendererInfo& GetRendererInfo() const override;
+        String GetBackendAPIVersionString() const override;
+        const GlobalBackendFunctionsTable& GetBackendFunctions() const override;
+        const DynamicBackendParameters& GetDynamicParameters() const override;
+        BackendType GetBackendType() const override;
+
+    private:
+        void UpdateDynamicBackendParameters();
+
+        Bool m_initialized = false;
+        DynamicBackendParameters m_dynamicParameters;
+        MG_External::VulkanCapabilities m_vulkanCaps;
+    };
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/DirectVulkan.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/DirectVulkan.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#include "DirectVulkan.h"
+#include "MG_State/GLState/Core.h"
+#include "MG_Impl/GLImpl/Framebuffer/GL_Framebuffer.h"
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    UniquePtr<VulkanRenderer> pVulkanRenderer = nullptr;
+
+    void ClearBufferfi(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, GLfloat depth, GLint stencil) {}
+    void ClearBufferfv(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLfloat* value) {}
+    void ClearBufferuiv(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLuint* value) {}
+    void ClearBufferiv(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLint* value) {}
+
+    void MultiDrawElementsIndirect(GLenum mode, GLenum type, const void* indirect, GLsizei drawcount, GLsizei stride) {}
+    void MultiDrawArraysIndirect(GLenum mode, const void* indirect, GLsizei drawcount, GLsizei stride) {}
+    void DrawRangeElementsBaseVertex(GLenum mode, GLuint start, GLuint end, GLsizei count, GLenum type,
+                                     const void* indices, GLint basevertex) {}
+    void DrawRangeElements(GLenum mode, GLuint start, GLuint end, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices) {}
+    void DrawElementsInstancedBaseVertexBaseInstance(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices,
+                                                     GLsizei instancecount, GLint basevertex, GLuint baseinstance) {}
+    void DrawElementsInstancedBaseVertex(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices,
+                                         GLsizei instancecount, GLint basevertex) {}
+    void DrawElementsInstancedBaseInstance(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices,
+                                           GLsizei instancecount, GLuint baseinstance) {}
+    void DrawElementsInstanced(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices, GLsizei instancecount) {}
+    void DrawElementsIndirect(GLenum mode, GLenum type, const void* indirect) {}
+    void DrawArraysInstancedBaseInstance(GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count, GLsizei instancecount,
+                                         GLuint baseinstance) {}
+    void DrawArraysInstanced(GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count, GLsizei instancecount) {}
+    void DrawArraysIndirect(GLenum mode, const void* indirect) {}
+    void CopyTexImage2D(GLenum target, GLint level, GLenum internalformat, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width,
+                        GLsizei height, GLint border) {}
+    void CopyTexSubImage2D(GLenum target, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width,
+                           GLsizei height) {}
+    void GenerateMipmap(GLenum target) {}
+    void ReadPixels(GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLenum format, GLenum type, void* pixels) {}
+    void GetTexImage(GLenum target, GLint level, GLenum format, GLenum type, GLvoid* pixels) {}
+
+    void Clear(GLbitfield mask) {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(pVulkanRenderer, "DirectVulkan::Clear called with null VulkanRenderer");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(MG_State::pGLContext, "DirectVulkan::Clear called with null GL context");
+        pVulkanRenderer->Clear(mask);
+    }
+
+    void DrawArrays(GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count) {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(pVulkanRenderer, "DirectVulkan::DrawArrays called with null VulkanRenderer");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(MG_State::pGLContext, "DirectVulkan::DrawArrays called with null GL context");
+
+        DrawCmd payload{};
+        payload.mode = mode;
+        payload.params.firstVertex = first;
+        payload.params.vertexCount = count;
+
+        pVulkanRenderer->DrawArrays(payload);
+    }
+
+    void DrawElements(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices) {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(pVulkanRenderer, "DirectVulkan::DrawElements called with null VulkanRenderer");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(MG_State::pGLContext, "DirectVulkan::DrawElements called with null GL context");
+
+        DrawIndexedCmd payload{};
+        payload.mode = mode;
+        payload.indexBufferView.indexType = type;
+        payload.indexBufferView.indexByteOffset = reinterpret_cast<SizeT>(indices);
+        payload.indexBufferView.indexByteSize = count * MG_Util::GetGLTypeSize(type);
+        payload.params.indexCount = count;
+        payload.params.instanceCount = 1;
+
+        pVulkanRenderer->DrawElements(payload);
+    }
+
+    void MultiDrawElements(GLenum mode, const GLsizei* count, GLenum type, const GLvoid* const* indices,
+                           GLsizei drawcount) {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(pVulkanRenderer, "DirectVulkan::MultiDrawElements called with null VulkanRenderer");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(MG_State::pGLContext, "DirectVulkan::MultiDrawElements called with null GL context");
+
+        // Vector<DrawElementCmd> cmds;
+        // cmds.reserve(static_cast<SizeT>(drawcount));
+        // for (GLsizei i = 0; i < drawcount; ++i) {
+        //     if (count[i] == 0) {
+        //         continue;
+        //     }
+        //
+        //     DrawElementCmd payload{};
+        //     payload.mode = mode;
+        //     payload.firstVertex = 0;
+        //     payload.indexCount = count[i];
+        //     payload.indexType = type;
+        //     payload.indexByteOffset = reinterpret_cast<SizeT>(indices[i]);
+        //     cmds.push_back(payload);
+        // }
+        //
+        // if (cmds.empty()) {
+        //     return;
+        // }
+        // pVulkanRenderer->MultiDrawElements(cmds);
+    }
+
+    void DrawElementsBaseVertex(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const GLvoid* indices, GLint basevertex) {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(pVulkanRenderer, "DirectVulkan::DrawElementsBaseVertex called with null VulkanRenderer");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(MG_State::pGLContext, "DirectVulkan::DrawElementsBaseVertex called with null GL context");
+        DrawIndexedCmd payload{};
+        payload.mode = mode;
+        payload.indexBufferView.indexType = type;
+        payload.indexBufferView.indexByteOffset = reinterpret_cast<SizeT>(indices);
+        payload.indexBufferView.indexByteSize = count * MG_Util::GetGLTypeSize(type);
+        payload.params.indexCount = count;
+        payload.params.instanceCount = 1;
+        payload.params.firstIndex = 0;
+        payload.params.vertexOffset = basevertex;
+        payload.params.firstInstance = 0;
+        pVulkanRenderer->DrawElements(payload);
+    }
+
+    void MultiDrawElementsBaseVertex(GLenum mode, const GLsizei* count, GLenum type, const GLvoid* const* indices,
+                                     GLsizei drawcount, const GLint* basevertex) {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(pVulkanRenderer, "DirectVulkan::MultiDrawElements called with null VulkanRenderer");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(MG_State::pGLContext, "DirectVulkan::MultiDrawElements called with null GL context");
+        MultiDrawIndexedCmd payload{};
+        payload.mode = mode;
+        payload.indexBufferView.indexType = type;
+
+        // TODO: allocate draw cmd buf elsewhere
+        static Vector<DrawIndexedCmdParam> params;
+        params.clear();
+        params.resize(drawcount);
+
+        for (GLsizei i = 0; i < drawcount; ++i) {
+            if (count[i] == 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // TODO: this index view needs a redesign, now there's a lotta redundant uploads
+
+            payload.indexBufferView.indexByteOffset = 0;
+            payload.indexBufferView.indexByteSize =
+                    std::max(reinterpret_cast<SizeT>(indices[i]) + count[i] * MG_Util::GetGLTypeSize(type),
+                             payload.indexBufferView.indexByteSize);
+
+            auto& param = params[i];
+
+            param.indexCount = count[i];
+            param.instanceCount = 1;
+            param.firstIndex = reinterpret_cast<SizeT>(indices[i]) / MG_Util::GetGLTypeSize(type);
+            param.vertexOffset = basevertex[i];
+            param.firstInstance = 0;
+        }
+        payload.drawCount = drawcount;
+        payload.pParams = params.data();
+        pVulkanRenderer->MultiDrawElements(payload);
+    }
+
+    void BlitFramebuffer(GLint srcX0, GLint srcY0, GLint srcX1, GLint srcY1, GLint dstX0, GLint dstY0, GLint dstX1,
+                         GLint dstY1, GLbitfield mask, GLenum filter) {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(pVulkanRenderer, "DirectVulkan::BlitFramebuffer called with null VulkanRenderer");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(MG_State::pGLContext, "DirectVulkan::BlitFramebuffer called with null GL context");
+        pVulkanRenderer->BlitFramebuffer(srcX0, srcY0, srcX1, srcY1, dstX0, dstY0, dstX1, dstY1, mask, filter);
+    }
+
+    void Present() {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(pVulkanRenderer, "DirectVulkan::Present called with null VulkanRenderer");
+        pVulkanRenderer->Present();
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/DirectVulkan.h

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/DirectVulkan.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#pragma once
+#include <Includes.h>
+#include "Renderer/VulkanRenderer.h"
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    extern UniquePtr<VulkanRenderer> pVulkanRenderer;
+
+    void ClearBufferfi(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, GLfloat depth, GLint stencil);
+    void ClearBufferfv(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLfloat* value);
+    void ClearBufferuiv(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLuint* value);
+    void ClearBufferiv(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLint* value);
+    void Clear(GLbitfield mask);
+    void DrawElements(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices);
+    void DrawArrays(GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count);
+    void DrawElementsBaseVertex(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const GLvoid* indices, GLint basevertex);
+    void MultiDrawElements(GLenum mode, const GLsizei* count, GLenum type, const GLvoid* const* indices,
+                           GLsizei drawcount);
+    void MultiDrawElementsBaseVertex(GLenum mode, const GLsizei* count, GLenum type, const GLvoid* const* indices,
+                                     GLsizei drawcount, const GLint* basevertex);
+    void MultiDrawElementsIndirect(GLenum mode, GLenum type, const void* indirect, GLsizei drawcount, GLsizei stride);
+    void MultiDrawArraysIndirect(GLenum mode, const void* indirect, GLsizei drawcount, GLsizei stride);
+    void DrawRangeElementsBaseVertex(GLenum mode, GLuint start, GLuint end, GLsizei count, GLenum type,
+                                     const void* indices, GLint basevertex);
+    void DrawRangeElements(GLenum mode, GLuint start, GLuint end, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices);
+    void DrawElementsInstancedBaseVertexBaseInstance(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices,
+                                                     GLsizei instancecount, GLint basevertex, GLuint baseinstance);
+    void DrawElementsInstancedBaseVertex(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices,
+                                         GLsizei instancecount, GLint basevertex);
+    void DrawElementsInstancedBaseInstance(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices,
+                                           GLsizei instancecount, GLuint baseinstance);
+    void DrawElementsInstanced(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices, GLsizei instancecount);
+    void DrawElementsIndirect(GLenum mode, GLenum type, const void* indirect);
+    void DrawArraysInstancedBaseInstance(GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count, GLsizei instancecount,
+                                         GLuint baseinstance);
+    void DrawArraysInstanced(GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count, GLsizei instancecount);
+    void DrawArraysIndirect(GLenum mode, const void* indirect);
+    void BlitFramebuffer(GLint srcX0, GLint srcY0, GLint srcX1, GLint srcY1, GLint dstX0, GLint dstY0, GLint dstX1,
+                         GLint dstY1, GLbitfield mask, GLenum filter);
+    void CopyTexImage2D(GLenum target, GLint level, GLenum internalformat, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width,
+                        GLsizei height, GLint border);
+    void CopyTexSubImage2D(GLenum target, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width,
+                           GLsizei height);
+    void GenerateMipmap(GLenum target);
+    void ReadPixels(GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLenum format, GLenum type, void* pixels);
+    void GetTexImage(GLenum target, GLint level, GLenum format, GLenum type, GLvoid* pixels);
+    void Present();
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/BufferArena.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/BufferArena.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#include "BufferArena.h"
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    Bool BufferArena::Initialize(const BufferArenaDesc& desc) {
+        Shutdown();
+
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(desc.allocator != nullptr, "BufferArena::Initialize requires valid allocator");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(desc.frameCount > 0, "BufferArena::Initialize requires non-zero frame count");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(desc.usage != 0, "BufferArena::Initialize requires non-zero buffer usage");
+
+        m_desc = desc;
+        m_frames.clear();
+        m_frames.resize(desc.frameCount);
+        m_deferredReleases.resize(desc.frameCount);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void BufferArena::Shutdown() {
+        for (auto& frame : m_frames) {
+            frame.buffer.Destroy();
+            frame.writeCursor = 0;
+        }
+        m_frames.clear();
+        m_deferredReleases.clear();
+        m_desc = {};
+    }
+
+    void BufferArena::BeginFrame(Uint32 frameIndex) {
+        CollectDeferredReleases(frameIndex);
+        ResetFrame(frameIndex);
+    }
+
+    void BufferArena::ResetFrame(Uint32 frameIndex) {
+        AssertValidFrameIndex(frameIndex);
+        m_frames[frameIndex].writeCursor = 0;
+    }
+
+    void BufferArena::CollectDeferredReleases(Uint32 frameIndex) {
+        AssertValidFrameIndex(frameIndex);
+        m_deferredReleases[frameIndex].clear();
+    }
+
+    Bool BufferArena::Allocate(Uint32 frameIndex, VkDeviceSize size, VkDeviceSize alignment, BufferSlice& outSlice) {
+        AssertValidFrameIndex(frameIndex);
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(size > 0, "BufferArena::Allocate requires non-zero size");
+
+        auto& frame = m_frames[frameIndex];
+        const VkDeviceSize resolvedAlignment = alignment > 0 ? alignment : 1;
+        const VkDeviceSize offset = (frame.writeCursor + resolvedAlignment - 1) & ~(resolvedAlignment - 1);
+        const VkDeviceSize endOffset = offset + size;
+
+        if (!EnsureCapacity(frameIndex, endOffset)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        frame.writeCursor = endOffset;
+        outSlice = frame.buffer.GetSlice(offset, size);
+        return outSlice.IsValid();
+    }
+
+    Bool BufferArena::Upload(Uint32 frameIndex, const void* data, VkDeviceSize size, VkDeviceSize alignment,
+                             BufferSlice& outSlice) {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(data != nullptr || size == 0, "BufferArena::Upload data pointer is null");
+        if (!Allocate(frameIndex, size, alignment, outSlice)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (outSlice.mapped != nullptr) {
+            Memcpy(outSlice.mapped, data, static_cast<SizeT>(size));
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return m_frames[frameIndex].buffer.Upload(data, size, outSlice.offset);
+    }
+
+    VkDeviceSize BufferArena::GetWriteCursor(Uint32 frameIndex) const {
+        AssertValidFrameIndex(frameIndex);
+        return m_frames[frameIndex].writeCursor;
+    }
+
+    Uint32 BufferArena::GetFrameCount() const {
+        return static_cast<Uint32>(m_frames.size());
+    }
+
+    Bool BufferArena::EnsureCapacity(Uint32 frameIndex, VkDeviceSize requiredEndOffset) {
+        AssertValidFrameIndex(frameIndex);
+        auto& frame = m_frames[frameIndex];
+        auto& buffer = frame.buffer;
+
+        if (buffer.IsValid() && buffer.GetSize() >= requiredEndOffset) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        VkDeviceSize newCapacity = buffer.IsValid() ? buffer.GetSize() : 0;
+        if (newCapacity < m_desc.minBufferSize) {
+            newCapacity = m_desc.minBufferSize;
+        }
+        if (newCapacity == 0) {
+            newCapacity = requiredEndOffset;
+        }
+        while (newCapacity < requiredEndOffset) {
+            newCapacity *= 2;
+        }
+
+        if (buffer.IsValid()) {
+            m_deferredReleases[frameIndex].push_back(std::move(buffer));
+        }
+
+        VkBufferObjectDesc bufferDesc{};
+        bufferDesc.allocator = m_desc.allocator;
+        bufferDesc.size = newCapacity;
+        bufferDesc.usage = m_desc.usage;
+        bufferDesc.memoryUsage = m_desc.memoryUsage;
+        bufferDesc.allocationFlags = m_desc.allocationFlags;
+        if (!buffer.Create(bufferDesc)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (m_desc.persistentlyMapped && buffer.Map() == nullptr) {
+            buffer.Destroy();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        frame.writeCursor = 0;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void BufferArena::AssertValidFrameIndex(Uint32 frameIndex) const {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(frameIndex < m_frames.size(), "BufferArena frame index out of range");
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/BufferArena.h

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/BufferArena.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "BufferSlice.h"
+#include "VkBufferObject.h"
+#include "../VkIncludes.h"
+#include <Includes.h>
+#include <vk_mem_alloc.h>
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    struct BufferArenaDesc {
+        VmaAllocator allocator = nullptr;
+        Uint32 frameCount = 0;
+        VkBufferUsageFlags usage = 0;
+        VmaMemoryUsage memoryUsage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO;
+        VmaAllocationCreateFlags allocationFlags = 0;
+        VkDeviceSize minBufferSize = 0;
+        Bool persistentlyMapped = false;
+    };
+
+    class BufferArena {
+    public:
+        Bool Initialize(const BufferArenaDesc& desc);
+        void Shutdown();
+
+        void BeginFrame(Uint32 frameIndex);
+        void ResetFrame(Uint32 frameIndex);
+        void CollectDeferredReleases(Uint32 frameIndex);
+
+        Bool Allocate(Uint32 frameIndex, VkDeviceSize size, VkDeviceSize alignment, BufferSlice& outSlice);
+        Bool Upload(Uint32 frameIndex, const void* data, VkDeviceSize size, VkDeviceSize alignment, BufferSlice& outSlice);
+
+        VkDeviceSize GetWriteCursor(Uint32 frameIndex) const;
+        Uint32 GetFrameCount() const;
+
+    private:
+        struct FrameResources {
+            VkBufferObject buffer;
+            VkDeviceSize writeCursor = 0;
+        };
+
+        Bool EnsureCapacity(Uint32 frameIndex, VkDeviceSize requiredEndOffset);
+        void AssertValidFrameIndex(Uint32 frameIndex) const;
+
+        BufferArenaDesc m_desc{};
+        Vector<FrameResources> m_frames;
+        Vector<Vector<VkBufferObject>> m_deferredReleases;
+    };
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/BufferSlice.h

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/BufferSlice.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../VkIncludes.h"
+#include <Includes.h>
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    struct BufferSlice {
+        VkBuffer buffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        VkDeviceSize offset = 0;
+        VkDeviceSize size = 0;
+        void* mapped = nullptr;
+
+        Bool IsValid() const { return buffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE; }
+    };
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/FrameContext.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/FrameContext.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#include "FrameContext.h"
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    VkResult FrameContext::Initialize(VkDevice device, VkCommandPool commandPool, Uint32 frameCount) {
+        Destroy(device, commandPool);
+        m_frames.assign(frameCount, {});
+        currentFrameIndex = 0;
+
+        Vector<VkCommandBuffer> commandBuffers(frameCount, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+        VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo{};
+        allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
+        allocInfo.commandPool = commandPool;
+        allocInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
+        allocInfo.commandBufferCount = frameCount;
+        VkResult result = vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &allocInfo, commandBuffers.data());
+        if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+            return result;
+        }
+        for (Uint32 i = 0; i < frameCount; ++i) {
+            m_frames[i].commandBuffer = commandBuffers[i];
+        }
+
+        VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO};
+        VkFenceCreateInfo fenceInfo{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO};
+        fenceInfo.flags = VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT;
+
+        for (Uint32 i = 0; i < frameCount; ++i) {
+            result = CreateSyncObjectsForFrame(device, i, semaphoreInfo, fenceInfo);
+            if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+                Destroy(device, commandPool);
+                return result;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return VK_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    void FrameContext::Destroy(VkDevice device, VkCommandPool commandPool) {
+        const Uint32 frameCount = static_cast<Uint32>(m_frames.size());
+        Vector<VkCommandBuffer> commandBuffers(frameCount, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+        for (Uint32 i = 0; i < frameCount; ++i) {
+            commandBuffers[i] = m_frames[i].commandBuffer;
+        }
+
+        for (Uint32 i = 0; i < frameCount; ++i) {
+            DestroySyncObjectsForFrame(device, i);
+        }
+        DestroySwapchainSemaphores(device);
+        if (device != VK_NULL_HANDLE && commandPool != VK_NULL_HANDLE && !m_frames.empty()) {
+            vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, commandPool, frameCount, commandBuffers.data());
+        }
+        m_frames.clear();
+        currentFrameIndex = 0;
+    }
+
+    FrameContext::FrameData& FrameContext::GetCurrent() {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(!m_frames.empty(), "FrameContext is not initialized");
+        return m_frames[currentFrameIndex];
+    }
+
+    const FrameContext::FrameData& FrameContext::GetCurrent() const {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(!m_frames.empty(), "FrameContext is not initialized");
+        return m_frames[currentFrameIndex];
+    }
+
+    Bool FrameContext::IsCommandRecording() const {
+        return GetCurrent().isCommandRecording;
+    }
+
+    void FrameContext::AdvanceToNext() {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(!m_frames.empty(), "FrameContext is not initialized");
+        currentFrameIndex = (currentFrameIndex + 1) % static_cast<Uint32>(m_frames.size());
+        GetCurrent().isCommandRecording = false;
+        GetCurrent().hasCommandBufferRecorded = false;
+    }
+
+    VkCommandBuffer& FrameContext::BeginCommandRecording(VkCommandBufferUsageFlags flags,
+                                                         const VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo* pInheritanceInfo) {
+        auto& frame = GetCurrent();
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(!frame.isCommandRecording, "BeginCommandRecording called while command buffer is already recording");
+
+        frame.hasCommandBufferRecorded = false;
+        VK_VERIFY(vkResetCommandBuffer(frame.commandBuffer, 0), "BeginCommandRecording, vkResetCommandBuffer");
+
+        VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo{};
+        beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
+        beginInfo.flags = flags;
+        beginInfo.pInheritanceInfo = pInheritanceInfo;
+        VK_VERIFY(vkBeginCommandBuffer(frame.commandBuffer, &beginInfo), "BeginCommandRecording, vkBeginCommandBuffer");
+
+        frame.isCommandRecording = true;
+        return frame.commandBuffer;
+    }
+
+    void FrameContext::EndCommandRecording() {
+        auto& frame = GetCurrent();
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(frame.isCommandRecording, "EndCommandRecording called without active command buffer recording");
+        VK_VERIFY(vkEndCommandBuffer(frame.commandBuffer), "EndCommandRecording, vkEndCommandBuffer");
+        frame.isCommandRecording = false;
+        frame.hasCommandBufferRecorded = true;
+    }
+
+    VkResult FrameContext::InitializeSwapchainSemaphores(VkDevice device, Uint32 swapchainImageCount) {
+        DestroySwapchainSemaphores(device);
+        if (swapchainImageCount == 0) {
+            return VK_SUCCESS;
+        }
+
+        m_swapchainImageRenderFinishedSemaphores.assign(swapchainImageCount, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+        VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO};
+        for (Uint32 imageIndex = 0; imageIndex < swapchainImageCount; ++imageIndex) {
+            VkResult result =
+                vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &m_swapchainImageRenderFinishedSemaphores[imageIndex]);
+            if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+                DestroySwapchainSemaphores(device);
+                return result;
+            }
+        }
+        return VK_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    void FrameContext::DestroySwapchainSemaphores(VkDevice device) {
+        if (device != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+            for (auto semaphore : m_swapchainImageRenderFinishedSemaphores) {
+                if (semaphore != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+                    vkDestroySemaphore(device, semaphore, nullptr);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        m_swapchainImageRenderFinishedSemaphores.clear();
+    }
+
+    Bool FrameContext::TransitionToPresent(VkImage image, VkImageLayout oldLayout, VkImageLayout presentLayout) {
+        auto& frame = GetCurrent();
+        if (frame.hasCommandBufferRecorded || frame.isCommandRecording || oldLayout == presentLayout ||
+            oldLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHARED_PRESENT_KHR) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto& commandBuffer = BeginCommandRecording();
+
+        VkImageMemoryBarrier presentBarrier{};
+        presentBarrier.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
+        presentBarrier.srcAccessMask = 0;
+        presentBarrier.dstAccessMask = 0;
+        presentBarrier.oldLayout = oldLayout;
+        presentBarrier.newLayout = presentLayout;
+        presentBarrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
+        presentBarrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
+        presentBarrier.image = image;
+        presentBarrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
+        presentBarrier.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
+        presentBarrier.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
+        presentBarrier.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
+        presentBarrier.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
+        vkCmdPipelineBarrier(commandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT, 0, 0,
+                             nullptr, 0, nullptr, 1, &presentBarrier);
+
+        EndCommandRecording();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    FrameContext::SubmitInfoPacket FrameContext::GetSubmitInfo(Bool shouldSubmitCommandBuffer,
+                                                               Uint32 swapchainImageIndex) const {
+        const auto& frame = GetCurrent();
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(!frame.isCommandRecording, "GetSubmitInfo called while command buffer recording is still active");
+        AssertValidSwapchainImageIndex(swapchainImageIndex);
+        SubmitInfoPacket packet{};
+        packet.waitSemaphore = frame.imageAvailableSemaphore;
+        packet.signalSemaphore = m_swapchainImageRenderFinishedSemaphores[swapchainImageIndex];
+        packet.commandBuffer = frame.commandBuffer;
+
+        packet.submitInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
+        packet.submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = &packet.waitSemaphore;
+        packet.submitInfo.pWaitDstStageMask = &packet.waitDstStageMask;
+        packet.submitInfo.commandBufferCount = shouldSubmitCommandBuffer ? 1U : 0U;
+        packet.submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = shouldSubmitCommandBuffer ? &packet.commandBuffer : nullptr;
+        packet.submitInfo.signalSemaphoreCount = 1;
+        packet.submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = &packet.signalSemaphore;
+        return packet;
+    }
+
+    FrameContext::PresentInfoPacket FrameContext::GetPresentInfo(VkSwapchainKHR swapchain, const Uint32& imageIndex) const {
+        AssertValidSwapchainImageIndex(imageIndex);
+        PresentInfoPacket packet{};
+        packet.waitSemaphore = m_swapchainImageRenderFinishedSemaphores[imageIndex];
+        packet.swapchain = swapchain;
+        packet.imageIndex = &imageIndex;
+
+        packet.presentInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
+        packet.presentInfo.pWaitSemaphores = &packet.waitSemaphore;
+        packet.presentInfo.swapchainCount = 1;
+        packet.presentInfo.pSwapchains = &packet.swapchain;
+        packet.presentInfo.pImageIndices = packet.imageIndex;
+        packet.presentInfo.pResults = nullptr;
+        return packet;
+    }
+
+    VkResult FrameContext::WaitAndAcquireNextImage(VkDevice device, VkSwapchainKHR swapchain, Uint32& outImageIndex,
+                                                   Uint64 timeout, VkFence acquireFence) {
+        auto& frame = GetCurrent();
+        VkResult result = vkWaitForFences(device, 1, &frame.imageInFlightFence, VK_TRUE, timeout);
+        if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        result = vkResetFences(device, 1, &frame.imageInFlightFence);
+        if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        return vkAcquireNextImageKHR(device, swapchain, timeout, frame.imageAvailableSemaphore, acquireFence,
+                                     &outImageIndex);
+    }
+
+    Uint32 FrameContext::GetCurrentFrameIndex() const {
+        return currentFrameIndex;
+    }
+
+    Uint32 FrameContext::GetFrameCount() const {
+        return static_cast<Uint32>(m_frames.size());
+    }
+
+    void FrameContext::AssertValidFrameIndex(Uint32 frameIndex) const {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(frameIndex < m_frames.size(), "FrameContext index out of range");
+    }
+
+    void FrameContext::AssertValidSwapchainImageIndex(Uint32 imageIndex) const {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(imageIndex < m_swapchainImageRenderFinishedSemaphores.size(),
+                        "FrameContext swapchain image index out of range");
+    }
+
+    VkResult FrameContext::CreateSyncObjectsForFrame(VkDevice device, Uint32 frameIndex,
+                                                     const VkSemaphoreCreateInfo& semaphoreInfo,
+                                                     const VkFenceCreateInfo& fenceInfo) {
+        AssertValidFrameIndex(frameIndex);
+        DestroySyncObjectsForFrame(device, frameIndex);
+
+        auto& frame = m_frames[frameIndex];
+        VkResult result =
+            vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &frame.imageAvailableSemaphore);
+        if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        result = vkCreateFence(device, &fenceInfo, nullptr, &frame.imageInFlightFence);
+        if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+            vkDestroySemaphore(device, frame.imageAvailableSemaphore, nullptr);
+            frame.imageAvailableSemaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        frame.hasCommandBufferRecorded = false;
+        frame.isCommandRecording = false;
+        return VK_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    void FrameContext::DestroySyncObjectsForFrame(VkDevice device, Uint32 frameIndex) {
+        AssertValidFrameIndex(frameIndex);
+        auto& frame = m_frames[frameIndex];
+        if (device != VK_NULL_HANDLE && frame.imageInFlightFence != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+            vkDestroyFence(device, frame.imageInFlightFence, nullptr);
+        }
+        frame.imageInFlightFence = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+        if (device != VK_NULL_HANDLE && frame.imageAvailableSemaphore != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+            vkDestroySemaphore(device, frame.imageAvailableSemaphore, nullptr);
+        }
+        frame.imageAvailableSemaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        frame.isCommandRecording = false;
+        frame.hasCommandBufferRecorded = false;
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/FrameContext.h

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/FrameContext.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../VkIncludes.h"
+#include <Includes.h>
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    class FrameContext {
+    public:
+        struct SubmitInfoPacket {
+            VkPipelineStageFlags waitDstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT;
+            VkSemaphore waitSemaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            VkSemaphore signalSemaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            VkSubmitInfo submitInfo{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO};
+        };
+
+        struct PresentInfoPacket {
+            VkSemaphore waitSemaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            VkSwapchainKHR swapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            const Uint32* imageIndex = nullptr;
+            VkPresentInfoKHR presentInfo{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR};
+        };
+
+        struct FrameData {
+            VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            VkSemaphore imageAvailableSemaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            VkFence imageInFlightFence = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            Bool isCommandRecording = false;
+            Bool hasCommandBufferRecorded = false;
+        };
+
+        VkResult Initialize(VkDevice device, VkCommandPool commandPool, Uint32 frameCount);
+        void Destroy(VkDevice device, VkCommandPool commandPool);
+
+        // Lifecycle functions
+        FrameData& GetCurrent();
+        const FrameData& GetCurrent() const;
+        Bool IsCommandRecording() const;
+        void AdvanceToNext();
+        VkCommandBuffer& BeginCommandRecording(VkCommandBufferUsageFlags flags = 0,
+                                               const VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo* pInheritanceInfo = nullptr);
+        void EndCommandRecording();
+        VkResult InitializeSwapchainSemaphores(VkDevice device, Uint32 swapchainImageCount);
+        void DestroySwapchainSemaphores(VkDevice device);
+        Bool TransitionToPresent(VkImage image, VkImageLayout oldLayout,
+                                 VkImageLayout presentLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR);
+        SubmitInfoPacket GetSubmitInfo(Bool shouldSubmitCommandBuffer, Uint32 swapchainImageIndex) const;
+        PresentInfoPacket GetPresentInfo(VkSwapchainKHR swapchain, const Uint32& imageIndex) const;
+        VkResult WaitAndAcquireNextImage(VkDevice device, VkSwapchainKHR swapchain, Uint32& outImageIndex,
+                                         Uint64 timeout = UINT64_MAX, VkFence acquireFence = VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+
+        Uint32 GetCurrentFrameIndex() const;
+        Uint32 GetFrameCount() const;
+
+    private:
+        void AssertValidFrameIndex(Uint32 frameIndex) const;
+        void AssertValidSwapchainImageIndex(Uint32 imageIndex) const;
+
+        VkResult CreateSyncObjectsForFrame(VkDevice device, Uint32 frameIndex,
+                                           const VkSemaphoreCreateInfo& semaphoreInfo,
+                                           const VkFenceCreateInfo& fenceInfo);
+        void DestroySyncObjectsForFrame(VkDevice device, Uint32 frameIndex);
+
+        Vector<FrameData> m_frames;
+        Vector<VkSemaphore> m_swapchainImageRenderFinishedSemaphores;
+        Uint32 currentFrameIndex = 0;
+    };
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/PipelineFactory.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/PipelineFactory.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#include "PipelineFactory.h"
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    PipelineFactory::~PipelineFactory() {
+        DestroyAll();
+    }
+
+    PipelineFactory::HashType PipelineFactory::ComputeHash(const PipelineCreatePayload& payload) const {
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_reset(m_hashState, m_config.CacheVersion));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.programHash, sizeof(payload.programHash)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.vertexInputHash, sizeof(payload.vertexInputHash)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.pipelineLayout, sizeof(payload.pipelineLayout)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.renderPass, sizeof(payload.renderPass)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.subpass, sizeof(payload.subpass)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.topology, sizeof(payload.topology)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.cullMode, sizeof(payload.cullMode)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.frontFace, sizeof(payload.frontFace)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.depthTestEnable, sizeof(payload.depthTestEnable)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.depthWriteEnable, sizeof(payload.depthWriteEnable)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.depthCompareOp, sizeof(payload.depthCompareOp)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.blendEnable, sizeof(payload.blendEnable)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.srcColorBlendFactor, sizeof(payload.srcColorBlendFactor)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.dstColorBlendFactor, sizeof(payload.dstColorBlendFactor)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.srcAlphaBlendFactor, sizeof(payload.srcAlphaBlendFactor)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.dstAlphaBlendFactor, sizeof(payload.dstAlphaBlendFactor)));
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &payload.colorWriteMask, sizeof(payload.colorWriteMask)));
+        return XXH64_digest(m_hashState);
+    }
+
+    VkPipeline PipelineFactory::GetOrCreatePipeline(const PipelineCreatePayload& payload) {
+        const HashType hash = ComputeHash(payload);
+        auto it = m_cache.find(hash);
+        if (it != m_cache.end()) {
+            return it->second;
+        }
+
+        VkPipeline pipeline = CreatePipeline(payload);
+        m_cache.emplace(hash, pipeline);
+        return pipeline;
+    }
+
+    void PipelineFactory::DestroyAll() {
+        for (auto& pair : m_cache) {
+            if (pair.second != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+                vkDestroyPipeline(m_device, pair.second, nullptr);
+            }
+        }
+        m_cache.clear();
+    }
+
+    VkPipeline PipelineFactory::CreatePipeline(const PipelineCreatePayload& payload) const {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(payload.stages != nullptr && !payload.stages->empty(), "PipelineFactory: stages are empty");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(payload.vertexInputState != nullptr, "PipelineFactory: vertexInputState is null");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(payload.pipelineLayout != VK_NULL_HANDLE, "PipelineFactory: pipelineLayout is null");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(payload.renderPass != VK_NULL_HANDLE, "PipelineFactory: renderPass is null");
+
+        static constexpr VkDynamicState kDynamicStates[] = {
+            VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT,
+            VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR
+        };
+
+        VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamicState{};
+        dynamicState.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
+        dynamicState.dynamicStateCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(std::size(kDynamicStates));
+        dynamicState.pDynamicStates = kDynamicStates;
+
+        VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo ia{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO};
+        ia.topology = payload.topology;
+
+        VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo vpci{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO};
+        vpci.viewportCount = 1;
+        vpci.scissorCount = 1;
+
+        VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo raster{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO};
+        raster.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL;
+        raster.cullMode = payload.cullMode;
+        raster.frontFace = payload.frontFace;
+        raster.lineWidth = 1.0f;
+
+        VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo ms{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO};
+        ms.rasterizationSamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
+
+        VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depthStencil{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DEPTH_STENCIL_STATE_CREATE_INFO};
+        depthStencil.depthTestEnable = payload.depthTestEnable ? VK_TRUE : VK_FALSE;
+        depthStencil.depthWriteEnable = payload.depthWriteEnable ? VK_TRUE : VK_FALSE;
+        depthStencil.depthCompareOp = payload.depthCompareOp;
+        depthStencil.depthBoundsTestEnable = VK_FALSE;
+        depthStencil.stencilTestEnable = VK_FALSE;
+
+        VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState colorAttach{};
+        colorAttach.colorWriteMask = payload.colorWriteMask;
+        colorAttach.blendEnable = payload.blendEnable ? VK_TRUE : VK_FALSE;
+        colorAttach.srcColorBlendFactor = payload.srcColorBlendFactor;
+        colorAttach.dstColorBlendFactor = payload.dstColorBlendFactor;
+        colorAttach.colorBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD;
+        colorAttach.srcAlphaBlendFactor = payload.srcAlphaBlendFactor;
+        colorAttach.dstAlphaBlendFactor = payload.dstAlphaBlendFactor;
+        colorAttach.alphaBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD;
+        VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo blend{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO};
+        blend.attachmentCount = 1;
+        blend.pAttachments = &colorAttach;
+
+        VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo gpi{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO};
+        gpi.stageCount = static_cast<Uint32>(payload.stages->size());
+        gpi.pStages = payload.stages->data();
+        gpi.pVertexInputState = payload.vertexInputState;
+        gpi.pInputAssemblyState = &ia;
+        gpi.pViewportState = &vpci;
+        gpi.pRasterizationState = &raster;
+        gpi.pMultisampleState = &ms;
+        gpi.pDepthStencilState = &depthStencil;
+        gpi.pColorBlendState = &blend;
+        gpi.pDynamicState = &dynamicState;
+        gpi.layout = payload.pipelineLayout;
+        gpi.renderPass = payload.renderPass;
+        gpi.subpass = payload.subpass;
+
+        VkPipeline pipeline = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        VK_VERIFY(vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(m_device, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &gpi, nullptr, &pipeline),
+                  "vkCreateGraphicsPipelines");
+        return pipeline;
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/PipelineFactory.h

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/PipelineFactory.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "Config.h"
+#include "../VkIncludes.h"
+#include <Includes.h>
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    class PipelineFactory {
+    public:
+        using HashType = Uint64;
+
+        struct PipelineCreatePayload {
+            HashType programHash = 0;
+            HashType vertexInputHash = 0;
+            VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            VkRenderPass renderPass = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            Uint32 subpass = 0;
+            VkPrimitiveTopology topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST;
+            VkCullModeFlags cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT;
+            VkFrontFace frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE;
+            Bool depthTestEnable = false;
+            Bool depthWriteEnable = false;
+            VkCompareOp depthCompareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS;
+            Bool blendEnable = false;
+            VkBlendFactor srcColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE;
+            VkBlendFactor dstColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO;
+            VkBlendFactor srcAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE;
+            VkBlendFactor dstAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO;
+            VkColorComponentFlags colorWriteMask =
+                VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT |
+                VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT;
+            const Vector<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo>* stages = nullptr;
+            const VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo* vertexInputState = nullptr;
+        };
+
+        explicit PipelineFactory(VkDevice device, const VulkanRendererConfig& config):
+            m_device(device), m_config(config) {}
+        ~PipelineFactory();
+        PipelineFactory(const PipelineFactory&) = delete;
+
+        HashType ComputeHash(const PipelineCreatePayload& payload) const;
+        VkPipeline GetOrCreatePipeline(const PipelineCreatePayload& payload);
+        void DestroyAll();
+
+    private:
+        VkPipeline CreatePipeline(const PipelineCreatePayload& payload) const;
+
+        VkDevice m_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        const VulkanRendererConfig& m_config;
+        UnorderedMap<HashType, VkPipeline> m_cache;
+        static inline XXH64_state_t* m_hashState = XXH64_createState();
+    };
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/ProgramFactory.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,576 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/ProgramFactory.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#include "ProgramFactory.h"
+
+#include "MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/SpvcSession.h"
+#include "MG_Util/ShaderTranspiler/Types.h"
+#include <cstring>
+#include <spirv-tools/libspirv.h>
+#include <spirv-tools/optimizer.hpp>
+#include <source/opt/constants.h>
+#include <source/opt/instruction.h>
+#include <source/opt/ir_builder.h>
+#include <source/opt/ir_context.h>
+#include <source/opt/module.h>
+#include <source/opt/pass.h>
+#include <source/opt/type_manager.h>
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    namespace {
+        using ShaderObject = MG_State::GLState::ShaderObject;
+        using SpvcSession = MG_Util::ShaderTranspiler::SpvcSession;
+        using SessionUsageBit = MG_Util::ShaderTranspiler::SessionUsageBit;
+
+        struct PositionTargetInfo {
+            Uint32 variableId = 0;
+            Uint32 vectorTypeId = 0;
+            Uint32 floatTypeId = 0;
+            Uint32 vectorPtrTypeId = 0;
+            Uint32 memberIndex = 0;
+            Bool isMember = false;
+        };
+
+        Bool IsVec4Float32(spvtools::opt::IRContext* context, Uint32 typeId, Uint32* outFloatTypeId) {
+            auto* vecInst = context->get_def_use_mgr()->GetDef(typeId);
+            if (!vecInst || vecInst->opcode() != spv::Op::OpTypeVector) return false;
+            if (vecInst->GetSingleWordInOperand(1) != 4) return false;
+
+            const Uint32 floatTypeId = vecInst->GetSingleWordInOperand(0);
+            auto* floatInst = context->get_def_use_mgr()->GetDef(floatTypeId);
+            if (!floatInst || floatInst->opcode() != spv::Op::OpTypeFloat) return false;
+            if (floatInst->GetSingleWordInOperand(0) != 32) return false;
+
+            if (outFloatTypeId) *outFloatTypeId = floatTypeId;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        Bool ResolveDirectPositionTarget(spvtools::opt::IRContext* context, Uint32 variableId,
+                                         PositionTargetInfo* outTarget) {
+            auto* varInst = context->get_def_use_mgr()->GetDef(variableId);
+            if (!varInst || varInst->opcode() != spv::Op::OpVariable) return false;
+            if (varInst->GetSingleWordInOperand(0) != static_cast<Uint32>(spv::StorageClass::Output)) return false;
+
+            auto* ptrTypeInst = context->get_def_use_mgr()->GetDef(varInst->type_id());
+            if (!ptrTypeInst || ptrTypeInst->opcode() != spv::Op::OpTypePointer) return false;
+            if (ptrTypeInst->GetSingleWordInOperand(0) != static_cast<Uint32>(spv::StorageClass::Output)) return false;
+
+            PositionTargetInfo target{};
+            target.variableId = variableId;
+            target.vectorTypeId = ptrTypeInst->GetSingleWordInOperand(1);
+            if (!IsVec4Float32(context, target.vectorTypeId, &target.floatTypeId)) return false;
+            target.vectorPtrTypeId = varInst->type_id();
+            target.isMember = false;
+
+            *outTarget = target;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        Uint32 FindOutputVectorPointerTypeId(spvtools::opt::IRContext* context, Uint32 vectorTypeId) {
+            auto* vectorType = context->get_type_mgr()->GetType(vectorTypeId);
+            if (!vectorType) return 0;
+            spvtools::opt::analysis::Pointer ptrType(vectorType, spv::StorageClass::Output);
+            return context->get_type_mgr()->GetTypeInstruction(&ptrType);
+        }
+
+        Bool ResolveMemberPositionTarget(spvtools::opt::IRContext* context, Uint32 structTypeId, Uint32 memberIndex,
+                                         PositionTargetInfo* outTarget) {
+            auto* structInst = context->get_def_use_mgr()->GetDef(structTypeId);
+            if (!structInst || structInst->opcode() != spv::Op::OpTypeStruct) return false;
+            if (memberIndex >= structInst->NumInOperands()) return false;
+
+            const Uint32 vectorTypeId = structInst->GetSingleWordInOperand(memberIndex);
+            Uint32 floatTypeId = 0;
+            if (!IsVec4Float32(context, vectorTypeId, &floatTypeId)) return false;
+
+            const Uint32 vectorPtrTypeId = FindOutputVectorPointerTypeId(context, vectorTypeId);
+            if (vectorPtrTypeId == 0) return false;
+
+            for (auto& inst : context->module()->types_values()) {
+                if (inst.opcode() != spv::Op::OpVariable) continue;
+                if (inst.GetSingleWordInOperand(0) != static_cast<Uint32>(spv::StorageClass::Output)) continue;
+
+                auto* ptrTypeInst = context->get_def_use_mgr()->GetDef(inst.type_id());
+                if (!ptrTypeInst || ptrTypeInst->opcode() != spv::Op::OpTypePointer) continue;
+                if (ptrTypeInst->GetSingleWordInOperand(0) != static_cast<Uint32>(spv::StorageClass::Output)) continue;
+                if (ptrTypeInst->GetSingleWordInOperand(1) != structTypeId) continue;
+
+                PositionTargetInfo target{};
+                target.variableId = inst.result_id();
+                target.vectorTypeId = vectorTypeId;
+                target.floatTypeId = floatTypeId;
+                target.vectorPtrTypeId = vectorPtrTypeId;
+                target.memberIndex = memberIndex;
+                target.isMember = true;
+                *outTarget = target;
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        Bool FindPositionTarget(spvtools::opt::IRContext* context, PositionTargetInfo* outTarget) {
+            Vector<Pair<Uint32, Uint32>> memberCandidates;
+            constexpr auto kDecorationBuiltIn = static_cast<Uint32>(spv::Decoration::BuiltIn);
+            constexpr auto kBuiltInPosition = static_cast<Uint32>(spv::BuiltIn::Position);
+
+            for (auto& inst : context->module()->annotations()) {
+                if (inst.opcode() == spv::Op::OpDecorate) {
+                    if (inst.NumInOperands() < 3) continue;
+                    if (inst.GetSingleWordInOperand(1) != kDecorationBuiltIn) continue;
+                    if (inst.GetSingleWordInOperand(2) != kBuiltInPosition) continue;
+                    if (ResolveDirectPositionTarget(context, inst.GetSingleWordInOperand(0), outTarget)) return true;
+                } else if (inst.opcode() == spv::Op::OpMemberDecorate) {
+                    if (inst.NumInOperands() < 4) continue;
+                    if (inst.GetSingleWordInOperand(2) != kDecorationBuiltIn) continue;
+                    if (inst.GetSingleWordInOperand(3) != kBuiltInPosition) continue;
+                    memberCandidates.emplace_back(inst.GetSingleWordInOperand(0), inst.GetSingleWordInOperand(1));
+                }
+            }
+
+            for (const auto& [structTypeId, memberIndex] : memberCandidates) {
+                if (ResolveMemberPositionTarget(context, structTypeId, memberIndex, outTarget)) return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        Bool InsertPositionFixup(spvtools::opt::IRContext* context, spvtools::opt::Instruction* insertBefore,
+                                 const PositionTargetInfo& target, Uint32 halfConstId, Bool doYFlip, Bool doZRemap,
+                                 Bool doSurfaceRotate90, Bool doSurfaceRotate180, Bool doSurfaceRotate270) {
+            using namespace spvtools::opt;
+            InstructionBuilder builder(context, insertBefore,
+                                       IRContext::kAnalysisDefUse | IRContext::kAnalysisInstrToBlockMapping);
+
+            Uint32 positionPtrId = target.variableId;
+            if (target.isMember) {
+                const Uint32 memberIndexId = builder.GetUintConstantId(target.memberIndex);
+                if (memberIndexId == 0) return false;
+                auto* access = builder.AddAccessChain(target.vectorPtrTypeId, target.variableId, {memberIndexId});
+                if (!access) return false;
+                positionPtrId = access->result_id();
+            }
+
+            auto* position = builder.AddLoad(target.vectorTypeId, positionPtrId);
+            if (!position) return false;
+            auto* x = builder.AddCompositeExtract(target.floatTypeId, position->result_id(), {0});
+            auto* y = builder.AddCompositeExtract(target.floatTypeId, position->result_id(), {1});
+            auto* z = builder.AddCompositeExtract(target.floatTypeId, position->result_id(), {2});
+            auto* w = builder.AddCompositeExtract(target.floatTypeId, position->result_id(), {3});
+            if (!x || !y || !z || !w) return false;
+
+            if (!doYFlip && !doZRemap && !doSurfaceRotate90 && !doSurfaceRotate180 && !doSurfaceRotate270) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Uint32 xValueId = x->result_id();
+            Uint32 yValueId = y->result_id();
+            if (doYFlip) {
+                auto* negY = builder.AddUnaryOp(target.floatTypeId, spv::Op::OpFNegate, y->result_id());
+                if (!negY) return false;
+                yValueId = negY->result_id();
+            }
+
+            if (doSurfaceRotate90) {
+                auto* negY = builder.AddUnaryOp(target.floatTypeId, spv::Op::OpFNegate, yValueId);
+                if (!negY) return false;
+                xValueId = negY->result_id();
+                yValueId = x->result_id();
+            } else if (doSurfaceRotate180) {
+                auto* negX = builder.AddUnaryOp(target.floatTypeId, spv::Op::OpFNegate, xValueId);
+                auto* negY = builder.AddUnaryOp(target.floatTypeId, spv::Op::OpFNegate, yValueId);
+                if (!negX || !negY) return false;
+                xValueId = negX->result_id();
+                yValueId = negY->result_id();
+            } else if (doSurfaceRotate270) {
+                auto* negX = builder.AddUnaryOp(target.floatTypeId, spv::Op::OpFNegate, xValueId);
+                if (!negX) return false;
+                xValueId = yValueId;
+                yValueId = negX->result_id();
+            }
+
+            Uint32 zValueId = z->result_id();
+            if (doZRemap) {
+                auto* zPlusW = builder.AddBinaryOp(target.floatTypeId, spv::Op::OpFAdd, z->result_id(), w->result_id());
+                if (!zPlusW) return false;
+                auto* mappedZ =
+                    builder.AddBinaryOp(target.floatTypeId, spv::Op::OpFMul, zPlusW->result_id(), halfConstId);
+                if (!mappedZ) return false;
+                zValueId = mappedZ->result_id();
+            }
+
+            auto* fixedPosition = builder.AddCompositeConstruct(target.vectorTypeId,
+                                                                {xValueId, yValueId, zValueId, w->result_id()});
+            if (!fixedPosition) return false;
+
+            return builder.AddStore(positionPtrId, fixedPosition->result_id()) != nullptr;
+        }
+
+        class GlToVulkanPositionFixPass final : public spvtools::opt::Pass {
+        public:
+            const char* name() const override { return "gl-to-vulkan-position-fix"; }
+            explicit GlToVulkanPositionFixPass(ProgramFactory::CompileOptionFlags transformFlags)
+                : m_transformFlags(transformFlags) {}
+
+            Status Process() override {
+                if (!m_transformFlags) return Status::SuccessWithoutChange;
+                PositionTargetInfo target{};
+                if (!FindPositionTarget(context(), &target)) return Status::SuccessWithoutChange;
+
+                auto* floatType = context()->get_type_mgr()->GetType(target.floatTypeId);
+                if (!floatType) return Status::SuccessWithoutChange;
+
+                const auto halfBits = std::bit_cast<Uint32>(0.5f);
+                const auto* halfConst = context()->get_constant_mgr()->GetConstant(floatType, {halfBits});
+                auto* halfInst = context()->get_constant_mgr()->GetDefiningInstruction(halfConst);
+                if (!halfInst) return Status::SuccessWithoutChange;
+                const Uint32 halfConstId = halfInst->result_id();
+
+                const Bool doYFlip = (m_transformFlags & ProgramFactory::CompileOptionBit::PositionYFlip);
+                const Bool doZRemap = (m_transformFlags & ProgramFactory::CompileOptionBit::PositionZRemap);
+                const Bool doSurfaceRotate90 = (m_transformFlags & ProgramFactory::CompileOptionBit::SurfaceRotate90);
+                const Bool doSurfaceRotate180 =
+                    (m_transformFlags & ProgramFactory::CompileOptionBit::SurfaceRotate180);
+                const Bool doSurfaceRotate270 =
+                    (m_transformFlags & ProgramFactory::CompileOptionBit::SurfaceRotate270);
+
+                Bool modified = false;
+                for (auto& entryPoint : get_module()->entry_points()) {
+                    if (entryPoint.opcode() != spv::Op::OpEntryPoint) continue;
+                    if (entryPoint.NumInOperands() < 2) continue;
+
+                    const auto model = static_cast<spv::ExecutionModel>(entryPoint.GetSingleWordInOperand(0));
+                    if (model != spv::ExecutionModel::Vertex && model != spv::ExecutionModel::TessellationEvaluation &&
+                        model != spv::ExecutionModel::Geometry) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    auto* function = context()->GetFunction(entryPoint.GetSingleWordInOperand(1));
+                    if (!function) continue;
+
+                    for (auto& bb : *function) {
+                        for (auto instIter = bb.begin(); instIter != bb.end(); ++instIter) {
+                            auto* inst = &*instIter;
+                            const Bool needsFixup =
+                                (model == spv::ExecutionModel::Geometry && inst->opcode() == spv::Op::OpEmitVertex) ||
+                                (model != spv::ExecutionModel::Geometry && inst->opcode() == spv::Op::OpReturn);
+                            if (!needsFixup) continue;
+
+                            modified |= InsertPositionFixup(context(), inst, target, halfConstId, doYFlip, doZRemap,
+                                                             doSurfaceRotate90, doSurfaceRotate180, doSurfaceRotate270);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (!modified) return Status::SuccessWithoutChange;
+                context()->InvalidateAnalysesExceptFor(spvtools::opt::IRContext::kAnalysisDefUse |
+                                                       spvtools::opt::IRContext::kAnalysisInstrToBlockMapping);
+                return Status::SuccessWithChange;
+            }
+
+        private:
+            ProgramFactory::CompileOptionFlags m_transformFlags;
+        };
+
+        spvtools::Optimizer::PassToken CreateGlToVulkanPositionFixPass(
+            ProgramFactory::CompileOptionFlags transformFlags) {
+            return spvtools::Optimizer::PassToken(MakeUnique<GlToVulkanPositionFixPass>(transformFlags));
+        }
+
+        Bool TransformSpirvForVulkanPositionFix(const Vector<Uint>& input, Vector<Uint>& output,
+                                                ProgramFactory::CompileOptionFlags transformFlags) {
+            if (input.empty()) {
+                output.clear();
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            if (!transformFlags) {
+                output = input;
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            spvtools::Optimizer optimizer(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3);
+            spvtools::OptimizerOptions options;
+            options.set_run_validator(false);
+            optimizer.RegisterPass(CreateGlToVulkanPositionFixPass(transformFlags));
+
+            const Bool success = optimizer.Run(input.data(), input.size(), &output, options);
+            if (!success) {
+                MGLOG_E("Vulkan: failed to run GL->Vulkan position fix pass");
+                output = input;
+            }
+            return success;
+        }
+
+        ShaderStage PickClipFixupStage(const Vector<SharedPtr<ShaderObject>>& shaders) {
+            Bool hasGeometry = false;
+            Bool hasTessEval = false;
+            Bool hasVertex = false;
+
+            for (const auto& shader : shaders) {
+                if (!shader) continue;
+                const auto stage = shader->GetShaderStage();
+                hasGeometry |= (stage == ShaderStage::Geometry);
+                hasTessEval |= (stage == ShaderStage::TessEval);
+                hasVertex |= (stage == ShaderStage::Vertex);
+            }
+
+            if (hasGeometry) return ShaderStage::Geometry;
+            if (hasTessEval) return ShaderStage::TessEval;
+            if (hasVertex) return ShaderStage::Vertex;
+            return ShaderStage::Unknown;
+        }
+    } // namespace
+
+    VkShaderStageFlagBits ProgramFactory::ToVkStage(ShaderStage stage) {
+        switch (stage) {
+        case ShaderStage::Vertex:
+            return VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
+        case ShaderStage::Fragment:
+            return VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
+        case ShaderStage::Geometry:
+            return VK_SHADER_STAGE_GEOMETRY_BIT;
+        case ShaderStage::TessControl:
+            return VK_SHADER_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_BIT;
+        case ShaderStage::TessEval:
+            return VK_SHADER_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_BIT;
+        case ShaderStage::Compute:
+            return VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT;
+        default:
+            return VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ProgramFactory::HashType ProgramFactory::ComputeHash(const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program,
+                                                         CompileOptionFlags flags) const {
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_reset(m_hashState, m_config.CacheVersion));
+        // We expect shader stages in program object are sorted
+        const auto& spirvs = program.GetGeneratedSpirv();
+        for (const auto& spv : spirvs) {
+            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, spv.data(), spv.size() * sizeof(Uint)));
+        }
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &flags, sizeof(CompileOptionFlags)));
+
+        // Include UBO block bindings in hash so different binding configurations produce different entries
+        const Uint32 blockCount = static_cast<Uint32>(program.GetActiveUniformBlocksCount());
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &blockCount, sizeof(blockCount)));
+        for (Uint32 i = 0; i < blockCount; ++i) {
+            const Uint32 binding = program.GetUniformBlockBinding(i);
+            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &binding, sizeof(binding)));
+        }
+
+        HashType hash = XXH64_digest(m_hashState);
+        return hash;
+    }
+
+    TextureTarget ProgramFactory::UniformTypeToTextureTarget(GLenum glType) {
+        switch (glType) {
+        case GL_SAMPLER_1D:
+        case GL_INT_SAMPLER_1D:
+        case GL_UNSIGNED_INT_SAMPLER_1D:
+            return TextureTarget::Texture1D;
+        case GL_SAMPLER_3D:
+        case GL_INT_SAMPLER_3D:
+        case GL_UNSIGNED_INT_SAMPLER_3D:
+            return TextureTarget::Texture3D;
+        case GL_SAMPLER_CUBE:
+        case GL_SAMPLER_CUBE_SHADOW:
+        case GL_INT_SAMPLER_CUBE:
+        case GL_UNSIGNED_INT_SAMPLER_CUBE:
+            return TextureTarget::TextureCubeMap;
+        case GL_SAMPLER_2D_MULTISAMPLE:
+        case GL_INT_SAMPLER_2D_MULTISAMPLE:
+        case GL_UNSIGNED_INT_SAMPLER_2D_MULTISAMPLE:
+            return TextureTarget::Texture2DMultisample;
+        case GL_SAMPLER_BUFFER:
+        case GL_INT_SAMPLER_BUFFER:
+        case GL_UNSIGNED_INT_SAMPLER_BUFFER:
+            return TextureTarget::TextureBuffer;
+        case GL_SAMPLER_1D_ARRAY:
+        case GL_SAMPLER_1D_ARRAY_SHADOW:
+        case GL_INT_SAMPLER_1D_ARRAY:
+        case GL_UNSIGNED_INT_SAMPLER_1D_ARRAY:
+            return TextureTarget::Texture1DArray;
+        case GL_SAMPLER_2D_ARRAY:
+        case GL_SAMPLER_2D_ARRAY_SHADOW:
+        case GL_INT_SAMPLER_2D_ARRAY:
+        case GL_UNSIGNED_INT_SAMPLER_2D_ARRAY:
+            return TextureTarget::Texture2DArray;
+        case GL_SAMPLER_2D_MULTISAMPLE_ARRAY:
+        case GL_INT_SAMPLER_2D_MULTISAMPLE_ARRAY:
+        case GL_UNSIGNED_INT_SAMPLER_2D_MULTISAMPLE_ARRAY:
+            return TextureTarget::Texture2DMultisampleArray;
+        case GL_SAMPLER_2D_RECT:
+        case GL_SAMPLER_2D_RECT_SHADOW:
+        case GL_INT_SAMPLER_2D_RECT:
+        case GL_UNSIGNED_INT_SAMPLER_2D_RECT:
+            return TextureTarget::TextureRectangle;
+        case GL_SAMPLER_2D:
+        case GL_SAMPLER_2D_SHADOW:
+        case GL_INT_SAMPLER_2D:
+        case GL_UNSIGNED_INT_SAMPLER_2D:
+        default:
+            return TextureTarget::Texture2D;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void ProgramFactory::ReflectLayout(const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program,
+                                       VkProgramObject& entry) const {
+        // Initialize layout vectors
+        entry.bindingKinds.assign(m_maxBindings, DescriptorBindingKind::None);
+        entry.samplerUniformLocationByBinding.assign(m_maxBindings, -1);
+        entry.samplerTextureTargetByBinding.assign(m_maxBindings, TextureTarget::Texture2D);
+        entry.globalUboBinding = -1;
+        entry.dynamicBindings.clear();
+
+        // Use SpvcSession (Reflection mode) to reflect all SPIR-V modules in a single pass per module
+        const auto& spirv = program.GetGeneratedSpirv();
+        for (const auto& module : spirv) {
+            if (module.empty()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            SpvcSession session(module, SessionUsageBit::Reflection);
+
+            // Reflect uniform buffers
+            auto ubos = session.GetShaderInterface(SPVC_RESOURCE_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER);
+            for (const auto& ubo : ubos) {
+                const Uint32 binding = ubo.location; // GetShaderInterface stores binding in location field
+                if (binding >= m_maxBindings) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (entry.bindingKinds[binding] == DescriptorBindingKind::None) {
+                    entry.bindingKinds[binding] = DescriptorBindingKind::UniformBufferDynamic;
+                }
+
+                // Check for global UBO
+                if (entry.globalUboBinding < 0 &&
+                    std::strstr(ubo.name.c_str(), MG_Util::ShaderTranspiler::GLOBAL_UBO_NAME) != nullptr) {
+                    entry.globalUboBinding = static_cast<Int>(binding);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Reflect sampled images
+            auto samplers = session.GetShaderInterface(SPVC_RESOURCE_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE);
+            for (const auto& sampler : samplers) {
+                const Uint32 binding = sampler.location; // GetShaderInterface stores binding in location field
+                if (binding >= m_maxBindings) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // Sampler always wins over UBO for a binding slot
+                entry.bindingKinds[binding] = DescriptorBindingKind::CombinedImageSampler;
+
+                // Resolve uniform location for this sampler
+                String uniformName = sampler.name;
+                Int location = program.GetUniformLocation(uniformName);
+                if (location < 0) {
+                    const auto arraySuffix = uniformName.find("[0]");
+                    if (arraySuffix != String::npos) {
+                        uniformName = uniformName.substr(0, arraySuffix);
+                        location = program.GetUniformLocation(uniformName);
+                    }
+                }
+                if (location < 0) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                entry.samplerUniformLocationByBinding[binding] = location;
+                entry.samplerTextureTargetByBinding[binding] =
+                    UniformTypeToTextureTarget(program.GetUniformType(static_cast<Uint>(location)));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Build Vulkan descriptor set layout and pipeline layout from reflected binding kinds
+        Vector<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding> bindings;
+        bindings.reserve(m_maxBindings);
+        for (Uint32 binding = 0; binding < m_maxBindings; ++binding) {
+            const auto kind = entry.bindingKinds[binding];
+            if (kind == DescriptorBindingKind::None) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding layoutBinding{};
+            layoutBinding.binding = binding;
+            layoutBinding.descriptorCount = 1;
+            layoutBinding.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS;
+            layoutBinding.pImmutableSamplers = nullptr;
+            if (kind == DescriptorBindingKind::UniformBufferDynamic) {
+                layoutBinding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC;
+                entry.dynamicBindings.push_back(binding);
+            } else {
+                layoutBinding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
+            }
+            bindings.push_back(layoutBinding);
+        }
+
+        VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo setLayoutInfo{};
+        setLayoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
+        setLayoutInfo.bindingCount = static_cast<Uint32>(bindings.size());
+        setLayoutInfo.pBindings = bindings.data();
+        VK_VERIFY(vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(m_device, &setLayoutInfo, nullptr, &entry.descriptorSetLayout),
+                  "ProgramFactory::ReflectLayout, vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout");
+
+        VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutInfo{};
+        pipelineLayoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
+        pipelineLayoutInfo.setLayoutCount = 1;
+        pipelineLayoutInfo.pSetLayouts = &entry.descriptorSetLayout;
+        VK_VERIFY(vkCreatePipelineLayout(m_device, &pipelineLayoutInfo, nullptr, &entry.pipelineLayout),
+                  "ProgramFactory::ReflectLayout, vkCreatePipelineLayout");
+    }
+
+    const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& ProgramFactory::GetOrCreateProgram(
+        const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program, CompileOptionFlags flags) {
+        auto hash = ComputeHash(program, flags);
+        auto it = m_cache.find(hash);
+        if (it != m_cache.end()) {
+            return it->second;
+        }
+
+        auto& entry = m_cache[hash];
+        entry.hash = hash;
+        auto& shaders = program.GetAttachedShaders();
+        auto& spirv = program.GetGeneratedSpirv();
+
+        const ShaderStage fixupStage = PickClipFixupStage(shaders);
+
+        for (SizeT i = 0; i < shaders.size(); ++i) {
+            auto& spv = spirv[i];
+            if (spv.empty()) continue;
+
+            Vector<Uint> moduleSpv;
+
+            // Apply position fixup if needed
+            if (fixupStage != ShaderStage::Unknown && shaders[i] && shaders[i]->GetShaderStage() == fixupStage) {
+                TransformSpirvForVulkanPositionFix(spv, moduleSpv, flags);
+            } else {
+                moduleSpv = spv;
+            }
+
+            VkShaderModuleCreateInfo smci{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO};
+            smci.codeSize = moduleSpv.size() * sizeof(Uint);
+            smci.pCode = moduleSpv.data();
+
+            VkShaderModule module = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            VK_VERIFY(vkCreateShaderModule(m_device, &smci, nullptr, &module), "vkCreateShaderModule");
+
+            VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo stage{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO};
+            ShaderStage shaderStage = shaders[i]->GetShaderStage();
+            stage.stage = ToVkStage(shaderStage);
+            stage.module = module;
+            stage.pName = "main";
+
+            entry.modules.push_back(module);
+            entry.stages.push_back(stage);
+        }
+
+        // Reflect and create layout as part of the program object
+        ReflectLayout(program, entry);
+
+        return entry;
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/ProgramFactory.h

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/ProgramFactory.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../VkIncludes.h"
+#include "MG_State/GLState/ProgramState/ProgramObject.h"
+#include "MG_State/GLState/ProgramState/ShaderObject.h"
+#include "MG_State/GLState/TextureState/TextureEnum.h"
+
+#include <Includes.h>
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    class ProgramFactory {
+    public:
+        enum class DescriptorBindingKind : Uint8 {
+            None = 0,
+            UniformBufferDynamic,
+            CombinedImageSampler
+        };
+
+        enum class CompileOptionBit : Uint {
+            None = 0,
+            PositionYFlip = 1 << 0,
+            PositionZRemap = 1 << 1,
+            SurfaceRotate90 = 1 << 2,
+            SurfaceRotate180 = 1 << 3,
+            SurfaceRotate270 = 1 << 4,
+        };
+        using CompileOptionFlags = Flags<CompileOptionBit>;
+        using HashType = Uint64;
+
+        struct VkProgramObject {
+            HashType hash = 0;
+            Vector<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo> stages;
+            Vector<VkShaderModule> modules;
+
+            // Layout data (previously in separate VkProgramLayout)
+            VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            Vector<DescriptorBindingKind> bindingKinds;
+            Vector<Uint32> dynamicBindings;
+            Vector<Int> samplerUniformLocationByBinding;
+            Vector<TextureTarget> samplerTextureTargetByBinding;
+            Int globalUboBinding = -1;
+
+            static inline VkDevice s_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+            VkProgramObject() = default;
+            VkProgramObject(const VkProgramObject&) = delete;
+            VkProgramObject& operator=(const VkProgramObject&) = delete;
+            VkProgramObject(VkProgramObject&& other) noexcept {
+                hash = other.hash;
+                stages = std::move(other.stages);
+                modules = std::move(other.modules);
+                descriptorSetLayout = other.descriptorSetLayout;
+                pipelineLayout = other.pipelineLayout;
+                bindingKinds = std::move(other.bindingKinds);
+                dynamicBindings = std::move(other.dynamicBindings);
+                samplerUniformLocationByBinding = std::move(other.samplerUniformLocationByBinding);
+                samplerTextureTargetByBinding = std::move(other.samplerTextureTargetByBinding);
+                globalUboBinding = other.globalUboBinding;
+                other.hash = 0;
+                other.descriptorSetLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+                other.pipelineLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+                other.globalUboBinding = -1;
+            }
+            VkProgramObject& operator=(VkProgramObject&& other) noexcept {
+                if (this == &other) {
+                    return *this;
+                }
+                Destroy();
+                hash = other.hash;
+                stages = std::move(other.stages);
+                modules = std::move(other.modules);
+                descriptorSetLayout = other.descriptorSetLayout;
+                pipelineLayout = other.pipelineLayout;
+                bindingKinds = std::move(other.bindingKinds);
+                dynamicBindings = std::move(other.dynamicBindings);
+                samplerUniformLocationByBinding = std::move(other.samplerUniformLocationByBinding);
+                samplerTextureTargetByBinding = std::move(other.samplerTextureTargetByBinding);
+                globalUboBinding = other.globalUboBinding;
+                other.hash = 0;
+                other.descriptorSetLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+                other.pipelineLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+                other.globalUboBinding = -1;
+                return *this;
+            }
+
+            ~VkProgramObject() {
+                Destroy();
+            }
+
+        private:
+            void Destroy() {
+                if (s_device != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+                    if (pipelineLayout != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+                        vkDestroyPipelineLayout(s_device, pipelineLayout, nullptr);
+                        pipelineLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+                    }
+                    if (descriptorSetLayout != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+                        vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(s_device, descriptorSetLayout, nullptr);
+                        descriptorSetLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+                    }
+                    for (auto module : modules) {
+                        if (module != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+                            vkDestroyShaderModule(s_device, module, nullptr);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                modules.clear();
+                stages.clear();
+            }
+        };
+
+        explicit ProgramFactory(VkDevice device, const VulkanRendererConfig& config, Uint32 maxBindings = 16)
+            : m_device(device), m_config(config), m_maxBindings(maxBindings) {
+            VkProgramObject::s_device = device;
+        }
+        ~ProgramFactory() = default;
+        ProgramFactory(const ProgramFactory&) = delete;
+
+        HashType ComputeHash(const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program, CompileOptionFlags flags) const;
+        const VkProgramObject& GetOrCreateProgram(
+            const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program, CompileOptionFlags flags);
+
+        static VkShaderStageFlagBits ToVkStage(ShaderStage stage);
+
+    private:
+        static TextureTarget UniformTypeToTextureTarget(GLenum glType);
+        void ReflectLayout(const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program, VkProgramObject& entry) const;
+
+        VkDevice m_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        Uint32 m_maxBindings = 0;
+        UnorderedMap<HashType, VkProgramObject> m_cache;
+        const VulkanRendererConfig& m_config;
+        static inline XXH64_state_t* m_hashState = XXH64_createState();
+    };
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/SwapchainObject.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,433 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/SwapchainObject.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#include "SwapchainObject.h"
+
+#include "MG_Impl/GLImpl/Framebuffer/GL_Framebuffer.h"
+#include "MG_State/GLState/TextureState/TextureObject2D.h"
+
+#if defined(__has_include)
+#if __has_include(<vulkan/vk_enum_string_helper.h>)
+#include <vulkan/vk_enum_string_helper.h>
+#define MOBILEGL_HAS_VK_ENUM_STRING_HELPER 1
+#else
+#define MOBILEGL_HAS_VK_ENUM_STRING_HELPER 0
+#endif
+#else
+#define MOBILEGL_HAS_VK_ENUM_STRING_HELPER 0
+#endif
+
+#if !MOBILEGL_HAS_VK_ENUM_STRING_HELPER
+static const char* string_VkFormat(VkFormat) {
+    return "VkFormat(unknown)";
+}
+
+static const char* string_VkColorSpaceKHR(VkColorSpaceKHR) {
+    return "VkColorSpaceKHR(unknown)";
+}
+
+static const char* string_VkPresentModeKHR(VkPresentModeKHR) {
+    return "VkPresentModeKHR(unknown)";
+}
+
+static const char* string_VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR(VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR) {
+    return "VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR(unknown)";
+}
+#endif
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    namespace {
+        Bool HasStencilComponent(VkFormat format) {
+            return format == VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT || format == VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT;
+        }
+
+        VkFormat FindSupportedDepthStencilFormat(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice) {
+            const VkFormat candidates[] = {VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT, VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT,
+                                           VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT};
+            for (VkFormat format : candidates) {
+                VkFormatProperties props{};
+                vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(physicalDevice, format, &props);
+                if ((props.optimalTilingFeatures & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT) != 0) {
+                    return format;
+                }
+            }
+            return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+        }
+
+        Uint32 FindMemoryType(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, Uint32 typeFilter, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties) {
+            VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties memProperties{};
+            vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physicalDevice, &memProperties);
+
+            for (Uint32 i = 0; i < memProperties.memoryTypeCount; i++) {
+                if ((typeFilter & (1 << i)) &&
+                    (memProperties.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & properties) == properties) {
+                    return i;
+                }
+            }
+
+            MOBILEGL_ASSERT(false, "Failed to find suitable memory type.");
+            return 0;
+        }
+    } // namespace
+
+    SwapchainObject::SwapchainCapabilities SwapchainObject::GetSwapchainCapabilities(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
+                                                                                      VkSurfaceKHR surface) {
+        SwapchainCapabilities swapchainCapabilities{};
+
+        VK_VERIFY(
+            vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(physicalDevice, surface, &swapchainCapabilities.capabilities));
+
+        Uint32 formatCount = 0;
+        VK_VERIFY(vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physicalDevice, surface, &formatCount, nullptr));
+        if (formatCount != 0) {
+            swapchainCapabilities.surfaceFormats.resize(formatCount);
+            VK_VERIFY(vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(
+                physicalDevice, surface, &formatCount, swapchainCapabilities.surfaceFormats.data()));
+        }
+
+        Uint32 presentModeCount = 0;
+        VK_VERIFY(
+            vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physicalDevice, surface, &presentModeCount, nullptr));
+        if (presentModeCount != 0) {
+            swapchainCapabilities.presentModes.resize(presentModeCount);
+            VK_VERIFY(vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(
+                physicalDevice, surface, &presentModeCount, swapchainCapabilities.presentModes.data()));
+        }
+
+        return swapchainCapabilities;
+    }
+
+    VkSurfaceFormatKHR SwapchainObject::ChooseSwapchainSurfaceFormat(
+        const Vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR>& availableFormats) {
+        for (const auto& availableFormat : availableFormats) {
+            if (availableFormat.format == VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB &&
+                availableFormat.colorSpace == VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR) {
+                return availableFormat;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // TODO: Properly rank other formats
+        return availableFormats[0];
+    }
+
+    VkPresentModeKHR SwapchainObject::ChooseSwapchainPresentMode(
+        const Vector<VkPresentModeKHR>& availablePresentModes) {
+        for (auto desiredPresentMode : s_desiredPresentModes) {
+            for (const auto& presentMode : availablePresentModes) {
+                if (presentMode == desiredPresentMode) {
+                    return presentMode;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // TODO: Properly rank other modes
+        return availablePresentModes[0];
+    }
+
+    void SwapchainObject::Create(VkDevice device, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, VkSurfaceKHR surface,
+                                 Uint32 graphicsQueueFamily, Uint32 presentQueueFamily, Uint32 minImageCountHint) {
+        const auto swapchainCapabilities = GetSwapchainCapabilities(physicalDevice, surface);
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(swapchainCapabilities.IsComplete(),
+                        "SwapchainObject::Create failed: incomplete swapchain capabilities");
+
+        MGLOG_I("Got %d surface formats:", swapchainCapabilities.surfaceFormats.size());
+        for (const auto& sf : swapchainCapabilities.surfaceFormats) {
+            MGLOG_I("    [%s, %s]", string_VkFormat(sf.format), string_VkColorSpaceKHR(sf.colorSpace));
+        }
+
+        const auto pickedSurfaceFormat = ChooseSwapchainSurfaceFormat(swapchainCapabilities.surfaceFormats);
+        MGLOG_I("Picked surface format: [%s, %s]", string_VkFormat(pickedSurfaceFormat.format),
+                string_VkColorSpaceKHR(pickedSurfaceFormat.colorSpace));
+
+        MGLOG_I("Got %d present modes:", swapchainCapabilities.presentModes.size());
+        for (const auto& pm : swapchainCapabilities.presentModes) {
+            MGLOG_I("    %s", string_VkPresentModeKHR(pm));
+        }
+
+        const auto presentMode = ChooseSwapchainPresentMode(swapchainCapabilities.presentModes);
+        MGLOG_I("Picked present mode: %s", string_VkPresentModeKHR(presentMode));
+
+        const auto& swapchainCaps = swapchainCapabilities.capabilities;
+        const auto targetImageCount = std::max<Uint32>(minImageCountHint, swapchainCaps.minImageCount);
+        MGLOG_I("Set minImageCount = %u", targetImageCount);
+        MGLOG_I("Swapchain currentTransform = %s",
+                string_VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR(swapchainCaps.currentTransform));
+
+        VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR createInfo{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR};
+        createInfo.surface = surface;
+        createInfo.minImageCount = targetImageCount;
+        createInfo.imageFormat = pickedSurfaceFormat.format;
+        createInfo.imageColorSpace = pickedSurfaceFormat.colorSpace;
+        createInfo.imageExtent = swapchainCaps.currentExtent;
+        if (swapchainCaps.currentTransform == VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_ROTATE_90_BIT_KHR ||
+            swapchainCaps.currentTransform == VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_ROTATE_270_BIT_KHR) {
+            std::swap(createInfo.imageExtent.width, createInfo.imageExtent.height);
+        }
+
+        createInfo.imageArrayLayers = 1;
+        const VkImageUsageFlags requiredImageUsage =
+            VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT((swapchainCaps.supportedUsageFlags & requiredImageUsage) == requiredImageUsage,
+                        "Swapchain does not support required usage flags (COLOR_ATTACHMENT | TRANSFER_DST). "
+                        "supportedUsageFlags=0x%x",
+                        static_cast<Uint32>(swapchainCaps.supportedUsageFlags));
+
+        VkImageUsageFlags imageUsage = requiredImageUsage;
+        if ((swapchainCaps.supportedUsageFlags & VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT) != 0) {
+            imageUsage |= VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
+        }
+        createInfo.imageUsage = imageUsage;
+        MGLOG_I("Swapchain imageUsage = 0x%x (supportedUsageFlags = 0x%x)", static_cast<Uint32>(createInfo.imageUsage),
+                static_cast<Uint32>(swapchainCaps.supportedUsageFlags));
+        Uint32 queueFamilyIndices[] = {graphicsQueueFamily, presentQueueFamily};
+        if (graphicsQueueFamily != presentQueueFamily) {
+            createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT;
+            createInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 2;
+            createInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = queueFamilyIndices;
+        } else {
+            createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
+            createInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0;
+            createInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr;
+        }
+        createInfo.preTransform = swapchainCaps.currentTransform;
+        MGLOG_I("Set swapchain preTransform = %s", string_VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR(createInfo.preTransform));
+        const VkCompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR compositeAlphaCandidates[] = {
+            VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR,
+            VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_PRE_MULTIPLIED_BIT_KHR,
+            VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_POST_MULTIPLIED_BIT_KHR,
+            VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_INHERIT_BIT_KHR
+        };
+        createInfo.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;
+        for (auto candidate : compositeAlphaCandidates) {
+            if ((swapchainCaps.supportedCompositeAlpha & candidate) != 0) {
+                createInfo.compositeAlpha = candidate;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        createInfo.presentMode = presentMode;
+        createInfo.clipped = VK_TRUE;
+        createInfo.oldSwapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+        m_surfaceFormat = {createInfo.imageFormat, createInfo.imageColorSpace};
+        m_extent = createInfo.imageExtent;
+        m_preTransform = createInfo.preTransform;
+
+        VK_VERIFY(vkCreateSwapchainKHR(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &m_swapchain));
+
+        Uint32 imageCount = 0;
+        VK_VERIFY(vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, m_swapchain, &imageCount, nullptr));
+
+        m_images.resize(imageCount, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+        VK_VERIFY(vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, m_swapchain, &imageCount, m_images.data()));
+        m_imageLayouts.assign(imageCount, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED);
+
+        CreateImageViews(device);
+        CreateDepthStencilResources(device, physicalDevice);
+
+        MGLOG_I("Swapchain created, extent = %dx%d, swapchain imageCount = %d", m_extent.width, m_extent.height,
+                imageCount);
+
+        // Properly initialize Default FBO here
+        auto& defaultFBOInfo = MG_Impl::GLImpl::FramebufferImpl::pDefaultFramebufferInfo;
+        auto* colorTex = static_cast<MG_State::GLState::TextureObject2D*>(defaultFBOInfo->colorAttachment.get());
+        colorTex->AllocateStorage(
+            TextureUploadTarget::Texture2D, 0, {
+                {(Int)createInfo.imageExtent.width, (Int)createInfo.imageExtent.height, 1},
+                createInfo.imageExtent.width * (Int)createInfo.imageExtent.height * 4}); // TODO: 4 is format size
+        TextureInternalFormat depthFormat = TextureInternalFormat::Depth24Stencil8;
+        switch (m_depthStencilFormat) {
+            case VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT:
+                depthFormat = TextureInternalFormat::Depth24Stencil8;
+                break;
+            case VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT:
+                depthFormat = TextureInternalFormat::Depth32FStencil8;
+                break;
+            case VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT:
+                depthFormat = TextureInternalFormat::DepthComponent32F;
+                break;
+            default:
+                depthFormat = TextureInternalFormat::Depth24Stencil8;
+                break;
+        }
+        auto* depthTex = static_cast<MG_State::GLState::TextureObject2D*>(defaultFBOInfo->depthAttachment.get());
+        depthTex->SetInternalFormat(depthFormat);
+        depthTex->AllocateStorage(TextureUploadTarget::Texture2D, 0, {
+            {(Int)createInfo.imageExtent.width, (Int)createInfo.imageExtent.height, 1},
+                        createInfo.imageExtent.width * createInfo.imageExtent.width * 4}); // TODO: 4 is format size
+
+    }
+
+    void SwapchainObject::CreateDepthStencilResources(VkDevice device, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice) {
+        DestroyDepthStencilResources(device);
+
+        const auto imageCount = static_cast<Uint32>(m_images.size());
+        if (imageCount == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        m_depthStencilFormat = FindSupportedDepthStencilFormat(physicalDevice);
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(m_depthStencilFormat != VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED, "No supported depth/stencil format found.");
+
+        m_depthStencilImages.assign(imageCount, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+        m_depthStencilImageMemories.assign(imageCount, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+        m_depthStencilImageViews.assign(imageCount, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+        m_depthStencilImageLayouts.assign(imageCount, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED);
+
+        for (Uint32 i = 0; i < imageCount; ++i) {
+            VkImageCreateInfo imageInfo{};
+            imageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
+            imageInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
+            imageInfo.extent.width = m_extent.width;
+            imageInfo.extent.height = m_extent.height;
+            imageInfo.extent.depth = 1;
+            imageInfo.mipLevels = 1;
+            imageInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
+            imageInfo.format = m_depthStencilFormat;
+            imageInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
+            imageInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
+            imageInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
+            imageInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
+            imageInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
+            VK_VERIFY(vkCreateImage(device, &imageInfo, nullptr, &m_depthStencilImages[i]), "vkCreateImage(depth)");
+
+            VkMemoryRequirements memRequirements{};
+            vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, m_depthStencilImages[i], &memRequirements);
+
+            VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo{};
+            allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
+            allocInfo.allocationSize = memRequirements.size;
+            allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex =
+                FindMemoryType(physicalDevice, memRequirements.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT);
+            VK_VERIFY(vkAllocateMemory(device, &allocInfo, nullptr, &m_depthStencilImageMemories[i]),
+                      "vkAllocateMemory(depth)");
+            VK_VERIFY(vkBindImageMemory(device, m_depthStencilImages[i], m_depthStencilImageMemories[i], 0),
+                      "vkBindImageMemory(depth)");
+
+            VkImageViewCreateInfo viewInfo{};
+            viewInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
+            viewInfo.image = m_depthStencilImages[i];
+            viewInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
+            viewInfo.format = m_depthStencilFormat;
+            viewInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;
+            if (HasStencilComponent(m_depthStencilFormat)) {
+                viewInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask |= VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT;
+            }
+            viewInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
+            viewInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
+            viewInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
+            viewInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
+            VK_VERIFY(vkCreateImageView(device, &viewInfo, nullptr, &m_depthStencilImageViews[i]),
+                      "vkCreateImageView(depth)");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void SwapchainObject::DestroyDepthStencilResources(VkDevice device) {
+        for (auto view : m_depthStencilImageViews) {
+            if (view != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+                vkDestroyImageView(device, view, nullptr);
+            }
+        }
+        m_depthStencilImageViews.clear();
+
+        for (auto image : m_depthStencilImages) {
+            if (image != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+                vkDestroyImage(device, image, nullptr);
+            }
+        }
+        m_depthStencilImages.clear();
+
+        for (auto memory : m_depthStencilImageMemories) {
+            if (memory != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+                vkFreeMemory(device, memory, nullptr);
+            }
+        }
+        m_depthStencilImageMemories.clear();
+        m_depthStencilImageLayouts.clear();
+        m_depthStencilFormat = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+    }
+
+    void SwapchainObject::Shutdown(VkDevice device) {
+        DestroyDepthStencilResources(device);
+
+        for (auto imageView : m_imageViews) {
+            vkDestroyImageView(device, imageView, nullptr);
+        }
+        m_imageViews.clear();
+
+        if (m_swapchain != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+            vkDestroySwapchainKHR(device, m_swapchain, nullptr);
+            m_swapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        }
+
+        m_images.clear();
+        m_imageLayouts.clear();
+        m_preTransform = VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY_BIT_KHR;
+    }
+
+    VkImage SwapchainObject::GetImage(Uint32 index) const {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(index < m_images.size(), "Swapchain image index out of range");
+        return m_images[index];
+    }
+
+    VkImageLayout SwapchainObject::GetImageLayout(Uint32 index) const {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(index < m_imageLayouts.size(), "Swapchain image layout index out of range");
+        return m_imageLayouts[index];
+    }
+
+    void SwapchainObject::SetImageLayout(Uint32 index, VkImageLayout layout) {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(index < m_imageLayouts.size(), "Swapchain image layout index out of range");
+        m_imageLayouts[index] = layout;
+    }
+
+    VkImage SwapchainObject::GetDepthStencilImage(Uint32 index) const {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(index < m_depthStencilImages.size(), "Swapchain depth/stencil image index out of range");
+        return m_depthStencilImages[index];
+    }
+
+    VkImageView SwapchainObject::GetDepthStencilImageView(Uint32 index) const {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(index < m_depthStencilImageViews.size(),
+                        "Swapchain depth/stencil image view index out of range");
+        return m_depthStencilImageViews[index];
+    }
+
+    VkImageLayout SwapchainObject::GetDepthStencilImageLayout(Uint32 index) const {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(index < m_depthStencilImageLayouts.size(),
+                        "Swapchain depth/stencil image layout index out of range");
+        return m_depthStencilImageLayouts[index];
+    }
+
+    void SwapchainObject::SetDepthStencilImageLayout(Uint32 index, VkImageLayout layout) {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(index < m_depthStencilImageLayouts.size(),
+                        "Swapchain depth/stencil image layout index out of range");
+        m_depthStencilImageLayouts[index] = layout;
+    }
+
+    void SwapchainObject::CreateImageViews(VkDevice device) {
+        m_imageViews.resize(m_images.size(), VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+        for (SizeT i = 0; i < m_imageViews.size(); i++) {
+            VkImageViewCreateInfo createInfo{};
+            createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
+            createInfo.image = m_images[i];
+            createInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
+            createInfo.format = m_surfaceFormat.format;
+            createInfo.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
+            createInfo.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
+            createInfo.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
+            createInfo.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
+            createInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
+            createInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
+            createInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
+            createInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
+            createInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
+            VK_VERIFY(vkCreateImageView(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &m_imageViews[i]));
+        }
+        MGLOG_I("Swapchain image views created");
+    }
+
+#undef VK_VERIFY
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/SwapchainObject.h

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/SwapchainObject.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <Includes.h>
+#include "../VkIncludes.h"
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    class SwapchainObject {
+    public:
+        struct SwapchainCapabilities {
+            VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities;
+            Vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> surfaceFormats;
+            Vector<VkPresentModeKHR> presentModes;
+
+            Bool IsComplete() const {
+                return !surfaceFormats.empty() && !presentModes.empty();
+            }
+        };
+
+        static SwapchainCapabilities GetSwapchainCapabilities(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, VkSurfaceKHR surface);
+        static VkSurfaceFormatKHR ChooseSwapchainSurfaceFormat(const Vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR>& availableFormats);
+        static VkPresentModeKHR ChooseSwapchainPresentMode(const Vector<VkPresentModeKHR>& availablePresentModes);
+
+        void Create(VkDevice device, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, VkSurfaceKHR surface, Uint32 graphicsQueueFamily,
+                    Uint32 presentQueueFamily, Uint32 minImageCountHint);
+        void Shutdown(VkDevice device);
+
+        VkSwapchainKHR GetHandle() const { return m_swapchain; }
+        const VkSurfaceFormatKHR& GetSurfaceFormat() const { return m_surfaceFormat; }
+        VkExtent2D GetExtent() const { return m_extent; }
+        VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR GetPreTransform() const { return m_preTransform; }
+        const Vector<VkImage>& GetImages() const { return m_images; }
+        const Vector<VkImageView>& GetImageViews() const { return m_imageViews; }
+        VkFormat GetDepthStencilFormat() const { return m_depthStencilFormat; }
+        const Vector<VkImageView>& GetDepthStencilImageViews() const { return m_depthStencilImageViews; }
+        VkImage GetDepthStencilImage(Uint32 index) const;
+        VkImageView GetDepthStencilImageView(Uint32 index) const;
+        VkImageLayout GetDepthStencilImageLayout(Uint32 index) const;
+        void SetDepthStencilImageLayout(Uint32 index, VkImageLayout layout);
+        VkImage GetImage(Uint32 index) const;
+        VkImageLayout GetImageLayout(Uint32 index) const;
+        void SetImageLayout(Uint32 index, VkImageLayout layout);
+        SizeT GetImageCount() const { return m_images.size(); }
+
+    private:
+        void CreateImageViews(VkDevice device);
+        void CreateDepthStencilResources(VkDevice device, VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice);
+        void DestroyDepthStencilResources(VkDevice device);
+        static constexpr VkPresentModeKHR s_desiredPresentModes[] {
+            VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR,
+            VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR,
+            VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR,
+            VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR
+        };
+
+        VkSwapchainKHR m_swapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        VkSurfaceFormatKHR m_surfaceFormat{};
+        VkExtent2D m_extent{};
+        VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR m_preTransform = VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY_BIT_KHR;
+        Vector<VkImage> m_images;
+        Vector<VkImageView> m_imageViews;
+        Vector<VkImageLayout> m_imageLayouts;
+
+        VkFormat m_depthStencilFormat = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+        Vector<VkImage> m_depthStencilImages;
+        Vector<VkDeviceMemory> m_depthStencilImageMemories;
+        Vector<VkImageView> m_depthStencilImageViews;
+        Vector<VkImageLayout> m_depthStencilImageLayouts;
+    };
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/UniformManager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,556 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/UniformDescriptorBinder.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#include "UniformManager.h"
+
+#include "MG_State/GLState/Core.h"
+#include "MG_State/GLState/ProgramState/ProgramObject.h"
+#include "MG_Util/Converters/MGToStr/FramebufferEnumConverter.h"
+#include <limits>
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    static Bool FindFramebufferAttachmentForTexture(const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& framebuffer,
+                                                    const MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture,
+                                                    FramebufferAttachmentType& outAttachment, Int& outLevel) {
+        const auto& attachments = framebuffer.GetAllAttachmentObjects();
+        for (SizeT i = 0; i < attachments.size(); ++i) {
+            const auto attachmentType = static_cast<FramebufferAttachmentType>(i);
+            if (attachmentType == FramebufferAttachmentType::None) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const auto& attachment = attachments[i];
+            if (!attachment.IsTexture()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            auto attachedTexture = attachment.GetTexture();
+            if (attachedTexture && attachedTexture.get() == &texture) {
+                outAttachment = attachmentType;
+                outLevel = attachment.GetTextureLevel();
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    static Bool IsValidSampledImageLayout(VkImageLayout layout) {
+        switch (layout) {
+        case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL:
+        case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL:
+        case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL:
+        case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL:
+        case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL:
+            return true;
+        default:
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Bool UniformManager::Initialize(VkDevice device, VkBufferManager* bufferManager,
+                                             ProgramFactory* programFactory,
+                                             VkDeviceSize minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment, Uint32 frameCount,
+                                             Uint32 maxBindings, Uint32 setsPerFrame,
+                                             VkTextureManager* textureManager, VkSamplerManager* samplerManager) {
+        Shutdown();
+
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(device != VK_NULL_HANDLE, "UniformDescriptorBinder::Initialize requires valid VkDevice");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(bufferManager != nullptr, "UniformDescriptorBinder::Initialize requires valid buffer manager");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(programFactory != nullptr,
+                        "UniformDescriptorBinder::Initialize requires valid program factory");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(frameCount > 0, "UniformDescriptorBinder::Initialize requires frameCount > 0");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(maxBindings > 0, "UniformDescriptorBinder::Initialize requires maxBindings > 0");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(setsPerFrame > 0, "UniformDescriptorBinder::Initialize requires setsPerFrame > 0");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(textureManager != nullptr,
+                        "UniformDescriptorBinder::Initialize requires valid texture manager");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(samplerManager != nullptr,
+                        "UniformDescriptorBinder::Initialize requires valid sampler manager");
+
+        m_device = device;
+        m_bufferManager = bufferManager;
+        m_programFactory = programFactory;
+        m_minDynamicOffsetAlignment = std::max<VkDeviceSize>(1, minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment);
+        m_frameCount = frameCount;
+        m_maxBindings = maxBindings;
+        m_setsPerFrame = setsPerFrame;
+        m_peakDescriptorSetsObserved = 0;
+        m_textureManager = textureManager;
+        m_samplerManager = samplerManager;
+
+        m_frames.resize(m_frameCount);
+        for (Uint32 frameIndex = 0; frameIndex < m_frameCount; ++frameIndex) {
+            auto& frame = m_frames[frameIndex];
+            frame.activeDescriptorPoolIndex = 0;
+            frame.allocatedSetsThisFrame = 0;
+            frame.peakAllocatedSetsThisFrame = 0;
+            frame.descriptorPools.clear();
+
+            VkDescriptorPool initialPool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            if (!CreateDescriptorPool(m_setsPerFrame, initialPool)) {
+                MGLOG_E("UniformDescriptorBinder::Initialize failed: cannot create frame descriptor pool %u",
+                        frameIndex);
+                Shutdown();
+                return false;
+            }
+            frame.descriptorPools.push_back({initialPool, m_setsPerFrame, 0});
+            MGLOG_D("UniformDescriptorBinder: frame %u descriptor pool created (maxSets=%u)", frameIndex,
+                    m_setsPerFrame);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void UniformManager::Shutdown() {
+        for (auto& frame : m_frames) {
+            if (m_device != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+                for (auto& bucket : frame.descriptorPools) {
+                    if (bucket.handle != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+                        vkDestroyDescriptorPool(m_device, bucket.handle, nullptr);
+                        bucket.handle = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            frame.descriptorPools.clear();
+            frame.activeDescriptorPoolIndex = 0;
+            frame.allocatedSetsThisFrame = 0;
+            frame.peakAllocatedSetsThisFrame = 0;
+        }
+        m_frames.clear();
+
+        m_bufferManager = nullptr;
+        m_programFactory = nullptr;
+        m_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        m_minDynamicOffsetAlignment = 1;
+        m_frameCount = 0;
+        m_maxBindings = 0;
+        m_setsPerFrame = 0;
+        m_peakDescriptorSetsObserved = 0;
+        m_textureManager = nullptr;
+        m_samplerManager = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    void UniformManager::BeginFrame(Uint32 frameIndex) {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(frameIndex < m_frames.size(), "UniformDescriptorBinder::BeginFrame invalid frame index");
+        auto& frame = m_frames[frameIndex];
+        if (frame.peakAllocatedSetsThisFrame > m_peakDescriptorSetsObserved) {
+            m_peakDescriptorSetsObserved = frame.peakAllocatedSetsThisFrame;
+            MGLOG_D(
+                "UniformDescriptorBinder: new descriptor set peak observed=%u (base setsPerFrame=%u, frame=%u, pools=%zu)",
+                m_peakDescriptorSetsObserved, m_setsPerFrame, frameIndex, frame.descriptorPools.size());
+        }
+        frame.activeDescriptorPoolIndex = 0;
+        frame.allocatedSetsThisFrame = 0;
+        frame.peakAllocatedSetsThisFrame = 0;
+        for (auto& bucket : frame.descriptorPools) {
+            bucket.allocatedSets = 0;
+            if (bucket.handle == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            VK_VERIFY(vkResetDescriptorPool(m_device, bucket.handle, 0),
+                      "UniformDescriptorBinder::BeginFrame, vkResetDescriptorPool");
+        }
+    }
+
+    Bool UniformManager::ResolveSamplerDescriptor(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer,
+                                                            const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program,
+                                                            const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj,
+                                                            Uint32 binding, VkDescriptorImageInfo& outImageInfo) const {
+        (void)commandBuffer;
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(m_textureManager != nullptr, "ResolveSamplerDescriptor: texture manager is null");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(m_samplerManager != nullptr, "ResolveSamplerDescriptor: sampler manager is null");
+        SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> texture;
+        if (!ResolveSamplerTexture(program, programObj, binding, texture)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const Int location = programObj.samplerUniformLocationByBinding[binding];
+        const Int unit = program.GetUniformSamplerOrImageUnitIndex(static_cast<Uint>(location));
+        auto& textureUnit = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTextureUnitObject(unit);
+        const auto samplerOverride = textureUnit.GetSamplerObject();
+        if (!texture) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject* samplerToUse =
+            samplerOverride ? samplerOverride.get() : texture->GetSamplerObject().get();
+        if (!samplerToUse) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        VkTextureManager::TextureResource* resource = m_textureManager->SyncTextureAndGetDescriptor(*texture);
+        if (resource == nullptr) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!IsValidSampledImageLayout(resource->layout)) {
+            auto drawFbo = MG_State::pGLContext->GetFramebufferBindingSlot(FramebufferTarget::Draw).GetBoundObject();
+            FramebufferAttachmentType attachmentType = FramebufferAttachmentType::None;
+            Int attachmentLevel = 0;
+            if (drawFbo &&
+                FindFramebufferAttachmentForTexture(*drawFbo, *texture, attachmentType, attachmentLevel)) {
+                MOBILEGL_ASSERT(false,
+                                "ResolveSamplerDescriptor: framebuffer feedback loop detected: textureId=%d is bound "
+                                "for sampling at binding=%u, but is also attached to drawFbo=%u as %s (level=%d, "
+                                "trackedLayout=%d)",
+                                texture->GetExternalIndex(), binding, drawFbo->GetExternalIndex(),
+                                MG_Util::ConvertFramebufferAttachmentTypeToString(attachmentType).c_str(),
+                                attachmentLevel, static_cast<Int>(resource->layout));
+            }
+
+            MOBILEGL_ASSERT(false,
+                            "ResolveSamplerDescriptor: invalid sampled image layout=%d for textureId=%d, binding=%u",
+                            static_cast<Int>(resource->layout), texture->GetExternalIndex(), binding);
+            return false;
+        }
+        outImageInfo = {
+            .sampler = m_samplerManager->GetOrCreateSampler(*samplerToUse),
+            .imageView = resource->fullView,
+            .imageLayout = resource->layout,
+        };
+        return outImageInfo.sampler != VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    }
+
+    Bool UniformManager::ResolveSamplerDescriptorOverride(
+        const SamplerBindingOverride& samplerBindingOverride, VkDescriptorImageInfo& outImageInfo) const {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(m_textureManager != nullptr, "ResolveSamplerDescriptorOverride: texture manager is null");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(m_samplerManager != nullptr, "ResolveSamplerDescriptorOverride: sampler manager is null");
+        if (samplerBindingOverride.texture == nullptr || samplerBindingOverride.sampler == nullptr) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto* resource = m_textureManager->SyncTextureAndGetDescriptor(*samplerBindingOverride.texture);
+        if (resource == nullptr || !IsValidSampledImageLayout(resource->layout)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        outImageInfo = {
+            .sampler = m_samplerManager->GetOrCreateSampler(*samplerBindingOverride.sampler),
+            .imageView = resource->fullView,
+            .imageLayout = resource->layout,
+        };
+        return outImageInfo.sampler != VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    }
+
+    Bool UniformManager::ResolveSamplerTexture(const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program,
+                                                         const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj, Uint32 binding,
+                                                         SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& outTexture) const {
+        outTexture.reset();
+        if (!MG_State::pGLContext || binding >= programObj.samplerUniformLocationByBinding.size()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const Int location = programObj.samplerUniformLocationByBinding[binding];
+        if (location < 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const Int unit = program.GetUniformSamplerOrImageUnitIndex(static_cast<Uint>(location));
+        if (unit < 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto& textureUnit = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTextureUnitObject(unit);
+        const TextureTarget preferredTarget = programObj.samplerTextureTargetByBinding[binding];
+        outTexture = textureUnit.GetBindingSlot(preferredTarget).GetBoundObject();
+        return outTexture != nullptr;
+    }
+
+    Bool UniformManager::CollectSampledTextures(const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program,
+                                                          const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj,
+                                                          Vector<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject*>& outTextures) {
+        outTextures.clear();
+
+        const Uint32 bindingCount =
+            std::min<Uint32>(m_maxBindings, static_cast<Uint32>(programObj.bindingKinds.size()));
+        for (Uint32 binding = 0; binding < bindingCount; ++binding) {
+            if (programObj.bindingKinds[binding] != ProgramFactory::DescriptorBindingKind::CombinedImageSampler) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> texture;
+            if (!ResolveSamplerTexture(program, programObj, binding, texture) || !texture) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            auto found = std::find(outTextures.begin(), outTextures.end(), texture.get());
+            if (found == outTextures.end()) {
+                outTextures.push_back(texture.get());
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool UniformManager::GatherBindingPayloads(const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program,
+                                                        Vector<const void*>& outData,
+                                                        Vector<VkDeviceSize>& outSizes) const {
+        outData.assign(m_maxBindings, nullptr);
+        outSizes.assign(m_maxBindings, 0);
+
+        const Uint32 activeUniformBlockCount = static_cast<Uint32>(program.GetActiveUniformBlocksCount());
+        const Uint32 uniformBindingPointCount =
+            static_cast<Uint32>(MG_State::pGLContext->GetBufferBindingPointCount(BufferTarget::Uniform));
+
+        for (Uint32 blockIndex = 0; blockIndex < activeUniformBlockCount; ++blockIndex) {
+            const Uint32 binding = program.GetUniformBlockBinding(blockIndex);
+            if (binding >= m_maxBindings) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            VkDeviceSize blockSize = static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(program.GetUBOSizeAt(blockIndex));
+            if (blockSize == 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (binding >= uniformBindingPointCount) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            auto& bindingPoint = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBufferBindingPoint(BufferTarget::Uniform, binding);
+            const auto bufferObject = bindingPoint.GetBoundObject();
+            if (!bufferObject) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const auto bufferData = bufferObject->GetDataReadOnly();
+            if (!bufferData || bufferData->empty()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const auto range = bindingPoint.GetRange();
+            const VkDeviceSize bufferSize = static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(bufferObject->GetSize());
+            VkDeviceSize rangeStart = static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(range.start);
+            VkDeviceSize rangeEnd = static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(range.end);
+
+            if (rangeStart >= bufferSize) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (rangeEnd <= rangeStart || rangeEnd > bufferSize) {
+                rangeEnd = bufferSize;
+            }
+
+            VkDeviceSize available = rangeEnd - rangeStart;
+            if (available == 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            outData[binding] = bufferData->data() + static_cast<SizeT>(rangeStart);
+            outSizes[binding] = std::min(blockSize, available);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool UniformManager::CreateDescriptorPool(Uint32 maxSets, VkDescriptorPool& outPool) const {
+        outPool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        if (m_device == VK_NULL_HANDLE || maxSets == 0 || m_maxBindings == 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const Uint64 descriptorCount64 = static_cast<Uint64>(maxSets) * static_cast<Uint64>(m_maxBindings);
+        if (descriptorCount64 > static_cast<Uint64>(std::numeric_limits<Uint32>::max())) {
+            MGLOG_E("UniformDescriptorBinder::CreateDescriptorPool failed: descriptorCount overflow");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const Uint32 descriptorCount = static_cast<Uint32>(descriptorCount64);
+        VkDescriptorPoolSize poolSizes[2]{};
+        poolSizes[0].type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC;
+        poolSizes[0].descriptorCount = descriptorCount;
+        poolSizes[1].type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
+        poolSizes[1].descriptorCount = descriptorCount;
+
+        VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo poolInfo{};
+        poolInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
+        poolInfo.maxSets = maxSets;
+        poolInfo.poolSizeCount = static_cast<Uint32>(std::size(poolSizes));
+        poolInfo.pPoolSizes = poolSizes;
+
+        const VkResult result = vkCreateDescriptorPool(m_device, &poolInfo, nullptr, &outPool);
+        if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+            MGLOG_E("UniformDescriptorBinder::CreateDescriptorPool failed: vkCreateDescriptorPool returned %d",
+                    result);
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool UniformManager::GrowFrameDescriptorPool(FrameResources& frame, Uint32 frameIndex) {
+        if (frame.descriptorPools.empty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const auto& currentBucket = frame.descriptorPools[frame.activeDescriptorPoolIndex];
+        const Uint32 currentMaxSets = std::max<Uint32>(1, currentBucket.maxSets);
+        const Uint32 grownMaxSets = currentMaxSets <= (std::numeric_limits<Uint32>::max() / 2) ? (currentMaxSets * 2)
+                                                                                                 : currentMaxSets;
+
+        VkDescriptorPool grownPool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        if (!CreateDescriptorPool(grownMaxSets, grownPool)) {
+            MGLOG_E("UniformDescriptorBinder::GrowFrameDescriptorPool failed: cannot create grown pool (%u -> %u sets)",
+                    currentMaxSets, grownMaxSets);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        frame.descriptorPools.push_back({grownPool, grownMaxSets, 0});
+        frame.activeDescriptorPoolIndex = static_cast<Uint32>(frame.descriptorPools.size() - 1);
+        MGLOG_D(
+            "UniformDescriptorBinder: frame %u descriptor pool exhausted, grew pool (%u -> %u sets), poolCount=%zu",
+            frameIndex, currentMaxSets, grownMaxSets, frame.descriptorPools.size());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    VkResult UniformManager::AllocateDescriptorSetsFromActivePool(Uint32 frameIndex, const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj, VkDescriptorSet& outDescriptorSet) {
+        auto& frame = m_frames[frameIndex];
+        auto& bucket = frame.descriptorPools[frame.activeDescriptorPoolIndex];
+        VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo allocInfo{};
+        allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO;
+        allocInfo.descriptorSetCount = 1;
+        allocInfo.pSetLayouts = &programObj.descriptorSetLayout;
+
+        allocInfo.descriptorPool = bucket.handle;
+        VkResult result = vkAllocateDescriptorSets(m_device, &allocInfo, &outDescriptorSet);
+        if (result == VK_SUCCESS) {
+            ++bucket.allocatedSets;
+            ++frame.allocatedSetsThisFrame;
+            frame.peakAllocatedSetsThisFrame =
+                std::max(frame.peakAllocatedSetsThisFrame, frame.allocatedSetsThisFrame);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    Bool UniformManager::BindProgramUniformBuffers(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer,
+                                                             const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program,
+                                                             const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj,
+                                                             Uint32 frameIndex,
+                                                             const SamplerBindingOverride* samplerBindingOverride) {
+        auto& frame = m_frames[frameIndex];
+        if (frame.descriptorPools.empty()) {
+            MGLOG_E("UniformDescriptorBinder::BindProgramUniformBuffers failed: frame descriptor pools are invalid");
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (frame.activeDescriptorPoolIndex >= frame.descriptorPools.size()) {
+            frame.activeDescriptorPoolIndex = 0;
+        }
+
+        VkDescriptorSet descriptorSet = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        VkResult allocResult = AllocateDescriptorSetsFromActivePool(frameIndex, programObj, descriptorSet);
+        if (allocResult == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_POOL_MEMORY || allocResult == VK_ERROR_FRAGMENTED_POOL) {
+            if (!GrowFrameDescriptorPool(frame, frameIndex)) {
+                MGLOG_E("UniformDescriptorBinder::BindProgramUniformBuffers failed: descriptor pool growth failed");
+                return false;
+            }
+            allocResult = AllocateDescriptorSetsFromActivePool(frameIndex, programObj, descriptorSet);
+        }
+        if (allocResult != VK_SUCCESS || descriptorSet == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+            MGLOG_E("UniformDescriptorBinder::BindProgramUniformBuffers failed: vkAllocateDescriptorSets returned %d",
+                    allocResult);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        Vector<const void*> bindingData;
+        Vector<VkDeviceSize> bindingSizes;
+        if (!GatherBindingPayloads(program, bindingData, bindingSizes)) {
+            MGLOG_E("UniformDescriptorBinder::BindProgramUniformBuffers failed: cannot gather UBO payloads");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(m_textureManager != nullptr, "BindProgramUniformBuffers: texture manager is null");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(m_samplerManager != nullptr, "BindProgramUniformBuffers: sampler manager is null");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(m_bufferManager != nullptr, "BindProgramUniformBuffers: buffer manager is null");
+
+        Vector<VkWriteDescriptorSet> writes;
+        writes.reserve(m_maxBindings);
+        Vector<VkDescriptorBufferInfo> bufferInfos;
+        Vector<VkDescriptorImageInfo> imageInfos;
+        Vector<Uint32> dynamicOffsets;
+        bufferInfos.reserve(m_maxBindings);
+        imageInfos.reserve(m_maxBindings);
+        dynamicOffsets.reserve(programObj.dynamicBindings.size());
+
+        const Uint32 bindingCount =
+            std::min<Uint32>(m_maxBindings, static_cast<Uint32>(programObj.bindingKinds.size()));
+        for (Uint32 binding = 0; binding < bindingCount; ++binding) {
+            const auto kind = programObj.bindingKinds[binding];
+            if (kind == ProgramFactory::DescriptorBindingKind::None) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            VkWriteDescriptorSet write{};
+            write.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
+            write.dstSet = descriptorSet;
+            write.dstBinding = binding;
+            write.dstArrayElement = 0;
+            write.descriptorCount = 1;
+
+            if (kind == ProgramFactory::DescriptorBindingKind::UniformBufferDynamic) {
+                const void* payload = bindingData[binding];
+                VkDeviceSize payloadSize = bindingSizes[binding];
+                if (payload == nullptr || payloadSize == 0) {
+                    if (programObj.globalUboBinding == static_cast<Int>(binding)) {
+                        const void* globalUboData = program.GetUBOData();
+                        const VkDeviceSize globalUboSize = static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(program.GetUBOSize());
+                        if (globalUboData != nullptr && globalUboSize > 0) {
+                            payload = globalUboData;
+                            payloadSize = globalUboSize;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                BufferSlice slice{};
+                if (!m_bufferManager->UploadTransient(BufferKind::Uniform, frameIndex, payload, payloadSize,
+                                                     m_minDynamicOffsetAlignment, slice)) {
+                    MOBILEGL_ASSERT(false, "UniformDescriptorBinder::BindProgramUniformBuffers failed: UBO upload failed on binding %u",
+                            binding);
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                VkDescriptorBufferInfo bufferInfo{};
+                bufferInfo.buffer = slice.buffer;
+                bufferInfo.offset = 0;
+                bufferInfo.range = payloadSize;
+                bufferInfos.push_back(bufferInfo);
+
+                write.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC;
+                write.pBufferInfo = &bufferInfos.back();
+                writes.push_back(write);
+                dynamicOffsets.push_back(static_cast<Uint32>(slice.offset));
+            } else {
+                VkDescriptorImageInfo imageInfo{};
+                Bool hasImage = false;
+                if (samplerBindingOverride != nullptr &&
+                    samplerBindingOverride->binding == binding &&
+                    samplerBindingOverride->texture != nullptr &&
+                    samplerBindingOverride->sampler != nullptr) {
+                    hasImage = ResolveSamplerDescriptorOverride(*samplerBindingOverride, imageInfo);
+                } else {
+                    hasImage = ResolveSamplerDescriptor(commandBuffer, program, programObj, binding, imageInfo);
+                }
+                if (!hasImage) {
+                    MGLOG_E("UniformDescriptorBinder::BindProgramUniformBuffers failed: sampler binding %u has no valid texture descriptor",
+                            binding);
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (imageInfo.sampler == VK_NULL_HANDLE || imageInfo.imageView == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+                    MGLOG_E("UniformDescriptorBinder::BindProgramUniformBuffers failed: sampler binding %u has null sampler or imageView",
+                            binding);
+                    return false;
+                }
+                imageInfos.push_back(imageInfo);
+                write.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
+                write.pImageInfo = &imageInfos.back();
+                writes.push_back(write);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!writes.empty()) {
+            vkUpdateDescriptorSets(m_device, static_cast<Uint32>(writes.size()), writes.data(), 0, nullptr);
+        }
+
+        vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(commandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, programObj.pipelineLayout, 0, 1,
+                                &descriptorSet, static_cast<Uint32>(dynamicOffsets.size()), dynamicOffsets.data());
+        return true;
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/UniformManager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/UniformDescriptorBinder.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ProgramFactory.h"
+#include "VkBufferManager.h"
+#include "VkSamplerManager.h"
+#include "VkTextureManager.h"
+#include "../VkIncludes.h"
+#include <Includes.h>
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_State::GLState {
+    class ITextureObject;
+    class ProgramObject;
+    class SamplerObject;
+}
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    class UniformManager {
+    public:
+        struct SamplerBindingOverride {
+            Uint32 binding = 0;
+            MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture = nullptr;
+            const MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject* sampler = nullptr;
+        };
+
+        Bool Initialize(VkDevice device, VkBufferManager* bufferManager,
+                        ProgramFactory* programFactory,
+                        VkDeviceSize minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment, Uint32 frameCount,
+                        Uint32 maxBindings = 16, Uint32 setsPerFrame = 64,
+                        VkTextureManager* textureManager = nullptr, VkSamplerManager* samplerManager = nullptr);
+        void Shutdown();
+
+        void BeginFrame(Uint32 frameIndex);
+        Bool CollectSampledTextures(const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program,
+                                    const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj,
+                                    Vector<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject*>& outTextures);
+        Bool BindProgramUniformBuffers(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer,
+                                       const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program,
+                                       const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj,
+                                       Uint32 frameIndex,
+                                       const SamplerBindingOverride* samplerBindingOverride = nullptr);
+
+    private:
+        struct DescriptorPoolBucket {
+            VkDescriptorPool handle = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            Uint32 maxSets = 0;
+            Uint32 allocatedSets = 0;
+        };
+
+        struct FrameResources {
+            Vector<DescriptorPoolBucket> descriptorPools;
+            Uint32 activeDescriptorPoolIndex = 0;
+            Uint32 allocatedSetsThisFrame = 0;
+            Uint32 peakAllocatedSetsThisFrame = 0;
+        };
+
+        Bool ResolveSamplerTexture(const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program,
+                                   const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj, Uint32 binding,
+                                   SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& outTexture) const;
+        Bool ResolveSamplerDescriptor(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program,
+                                      const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj, Uint32 binding,
+                                      VkDescriptorImageInfo& outImageInfo) const;
+        Bool ResolveSamplerDescriptorOverride(const SamplerBindingOverride& samplerBindingOverride,
+                                              VkDescriptorImageInfo& outImageInfo) const;
+        Bool GatherBindingPayloads(const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program, Vector<const void*>& outData,
+                                   Vector<VkDeviceSize>& outSizes) const;
+        Bool CreateDescriptorPool(Uint32 maxSets, VkDescriptorPool& outPool) const;
+        Bool GrowFrameDescriptorPool(FrameResources& frame, Uint32 frameIndex);
+        VkResult AllocateDescriptorSetsFromActivePool(
+            Uint32 frameIndex, const ProgramFactory::VkProgramObject& programObj, VkDescriptorSet& outDescriptorSet);
+
+        VkDevice m_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        VkBufferManager* m_bufferManager = nullptr;
+        ProgramFactory* m_programFactory = nullptr;
+        Vector<FrameResources> m_frames;
+
+        VkDeviceSize m_minDynamicOffsetAlignment = 1;
+        Uint32 m_frameCount = 0;
+        Uint32 m_maxBindings = 0;
+        Uint32 m_setsPerFrame = 0;
+        Uint32 m_peakDescriptorSetsObserved = 0;
+        VkTextureManager* m_textureManager = nullptr;
+        VkSamplerManager* m_samplerManager = nullptr;
+    };
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan
+

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VertexInputStateBuilder.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VertexInputStateBuilder.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#include "VertexInputStateBuilder.h"
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    VertexInputStateBuilder::VertexInputStateBuilder() {
+        Reset();
+    }
+
+    void VertexInputStateBuilder::Reset() {
+        m_bindings.clear();
+        m_attributes.clear();
+
+        m_state = {};
+        m_state.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
+        m_state.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 0;
+        m_state.pVertexBindingDescriptions = nullptr;
+        m_state.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = 0;
+        m_state.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    VertexInputStateBuilder& VertexInputStateBuilder::AddBinding(
+        Uint32 binding, Uint32 stride, VkVertexInputRate inputRate) {
+        VkVertexInputBindingDescription desc{};
+        desc.binding = binding;
+        desc.stride = stride;
+        desc.inputRate = inputRate;
+        m_bindings.push_back(desc);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    VertexInputStateBuilder& VertexInputStateBuilder::AddAttribute(
+        Uint32 location, Uint32 binding, VkFormat format, Uint32 offset) {
+        VkVertexInputAttributeDescription desc{};
+        desc.location = location;
+        desc.binding = binding;
+        desc.format = format;
+        desc.offset = offset;
+        m_attributes.push_back(desc);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    const VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo& VertexInputStateBuilder::Build() {
+        m_state.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = static_cast<Uint32>(m_bindings.size());
+        m_state.pVertexBindingDescriptions = m_bindings.empty() ? nullptr : m_bindings.data();
+        m_state.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = static_cast<Uint32>(m_attributes.size());
+        m_state.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = m_attributes.empty() ? nullptr : m_attributes.data();
+        return m_state;
+    }
+
+    const Vector<VkVertexInputBindingDescription>& VertexInputStateBuilder::GetBindings() const {
+        return m_bindings;
+    }
+
+    const Vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription>& VertexInputStateBuilder::GetAttributes() const {
+        return m_attributes;
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VertexInputStateBuilder.h

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VertexInputStateBuilder.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#pragma once
+#include <Includes.h>
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    class VertexInputStateBuilder {
+    public:
+        VertexInputStateBuilder();
+
+        void Reset();
+        VertexInputStateBuilder& AddBinding(
+            Uint32 binding, Uint32 stride, VkVertexInputRate inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX);
+        VertexInputStateBuilder& AddAttribute(Uint32 location, Uint32 binding, VkFormat format, Uint32 offset);
+
+        const VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo& Build();
+        const Vector<VkVertexInputBindingDescription>& GetBindings() const;
+        const Vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription>& GetAttributes() const;
+
+    private:
+        VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo m_state{};
+        Vector<VkVertexInputBindingDescription> m_bindings;
+        Vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription> m_attributes;
+    };
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VertexInputStateFactory.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VertexInputStateFactory.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#include "VertexInputStateFactory.h"
+#include "MG_Util/Converters/MGToStr/DataTypeConverter.h"
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    VertexInputStateFactory::HashType VertexInputStateFactory::ComputeHash(
+        const MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject& vao) const {
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_reset(m_hashState, m_config.CacheVersion));
+
+        for (Int i = 0; i < MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject::MAX_VERTEX_ATTRIBS; ++i) {
+            const auto& attr = vao.GetAttribute(i);
+
+            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attr.Enabled, sizeof(attr.Enabled)));
+            if (!attr.Enabled) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attr.Size, sizeof(attr.Size)));
+            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attr.Type, sizeof(attr.Type)));
+            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attr.Normalized, sizeof(attr.Normalized)));
+            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attr.Stride, sizeof(attr.Stride)));
+            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attr.Offset, sizeof(attr.Offset)));
+            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attr.IsInteger, sizeof(attr.IsInteger)));
+            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &attr.Divisor, sizeof(attr.Divisor)));
+
+            const SizeT bufferKey = reinterpret_cast<SizeT>(attr.Buffer.get());
+            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &bufferKey, sizeof(bufferKey)));
+        }
+
+        return XXH64_digest(m_hashState);
+    }
+
+    const VertexInputStateFactory::BackendVertexInputState& VertexInputStateFactory::GetOrCreateVertexInputState(
+        const MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject& vao) {
+        const HashType hash = ComputeHash(vao);
+        auto it = m_cache.find(hash);
+        if (it != m_cache.end()) {
+            return it->second;
+        }
+
+        VertexInputStateBuilder builder;
+        UnorderedMap<SizeT, Uint32> bindingByBufferKey;
+        UnorderedMap<SizeT, Uint32> strideByBufferKey;
+        UnorderedMap<SizeT, VkVertexInputRate> inputRateByBufferKey;
+        Vector<SizeT> bindingBufferKeys;
+
+        for (Uint32 location = 0; location < MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject::MAX_VERTEX_ATTRIBS; ++location) {
+            const auto& attr = vao.GetAttribute(location);
+            if (!attr.Enabled || !attr.Buffer) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const auto vkFormat = ToVkVertexFormat(attr.Type, attr.Size, attr.Normalized, attr.IsInteger);
+            if (vkFormat == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {
+                MGLOG_D("Skipping unsupported vertex attribute layout (location=%u, type=%s, size=%d)",
+                        location, MG_Util::ConvertDataTypeToString(attr.Type).c_str(), attr.Size);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const SizeT componentSize = GetComponentSize(attr.Type);
+            if (componentSize == 0) {
+                MGLOG_D("Skipping vertex attribute with unknown component size (location=%u, type=%s)",
+                        location, MG_Util::ConvertDataTypeToString(attr.Type).c_str());
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const Uint32 stride = attr.Stride > 0
+                                      ? static_cast<Uint32>(attr.Stride)
+                                      : static_cast<Uint32>(componentSize * static_cast<SizeT>(attr.Size));
+            const VkVertexInputRate inputRate =
+                (attr.Divisor == 0) ? VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX : VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_INSTANCE;
+
+            const SizeT bufferKey = reinterpret_cast<SizeT>(attr.Buffer.get());
+            Uint32 binding = 0;
+            auto itBinding = bindingByBufferKey.find(bufferKey);
+            if (itBinding == bindingByBufferKey.end()) {
+                binding = static_cast<Uint32>(bindingByBufferKey.size());
+                bindingByBufferKey.emplace(bufferKey, binding);
+                strideByBufferKey.emplace(bufferKey, stride);
+                inputRateByBufferKey.emplace(bufferKey, inputRate);
+                bindingBufferKeys.push_back(bufferKey);
+                builder.AddBinding(binding, stride, inputRate);
+            } else {
+                binding = itBinding->second;
+                if (strideByBufferKey[bufferKey] != stride) {
+                    MGLOG_D("Skipping vertex attribute at location %u: stride mismatch (%u vs %u) on same buffer",
+                            location, stride, strideByBufferKey[bufferKey]);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (inputRateByBufferKey[bufferKey] != inputRate) {
+                    MGLOG_D("Skipping vertex attribute at location %u: input-rate mismatch on same buffer", location);
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            builder.AddAttribute(location, binding, vkFormat, static_cast<Uint32>(attr.Offset));
+        }
+
+        const auto& state = builder.Build();
+
+        auto& entry = m_cache[hash];
+        entry.hash = hash;
+        entry.bindings = builder.GetBindings();
+        entry.attributes = builder.GetAttributes();
+        entry.bindingBufferKeys = std::move(bindingBufferKeys);
+        entry.state = state;
+        entry.state.pVertexBindingDescriptions = entry.bindings.empty() ? nullptr : entry.bindings.data();
+        entry.state.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = entry.attributes.empty() ? nullptr : entry.attributes.data();
+        return entry;
+    }
+
+    VkFormat VertexInputStateFactory::ToVkVertexFormat(DataType type, Int size, Bool normalized, Bool isInteger) {
+        switch (type) {
+        case DataType::Float32:
+            switch (size) {
+            case 1: return VK_FORMAT_R32_SFLOAT;
+            case 2: return VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT;
+            case 3: return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
+            case 4: return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT;
+            default: return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+            }
+        case DataType::Int32:
+            if (!isInteger || normalized) return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+            switch (size) {
+            case 1: return VK_FORMAT_R32_SINT;
+            case 2: return VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SINT;
+            case 3: return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SINT;
+            case 4: return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SINT;
+            default: return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+            }
+        case DataType::Uint32:
+            if (!isInteger || normalized) return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+            switch (size) {
+            case 1: return VK_FORMAT_R32_UINT;
+            case 2: return VK_FORMAT_R32G32_UINT;
+            case 3: return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_UINT;
+            case 4: return VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_UINT;
+            default: return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+            }
+        case DataType::Int16:
+            switch (size) {
+            case 1:
+                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R16_SINT
+                                 : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R16_SNORM : VK_FORMAT_R16_SSCALED);
+            case 2:
+                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SINT
+                                 : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SNORM : VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SSCALED);
+            case 3:
+                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SINT
+                                 : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SNORM : VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SSCALED);
+            case 4:
+                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SINT
+                                 : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SNORM : VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SSCALED);
+            default: return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+            }
+        case DataType::Uint16:
+            switch (size) {
+            case 1:
+                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R16_UINT
+                                 : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R16_UNORM : VK_FORMAT_R16_USCALED);
+            case 2:
+                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R16G16_UINT
+                                 : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R16G16_UNORM : VK_FORMAT_R16G16_USCALED);
+            case 3:
+                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_UINT
+                                 : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_UNORM : VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_USCALED);
+            case 4:
+                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UINT
+                                 : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM : VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_USCALED);
+            default: return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+            }
+        case DataType::Int8:
+            switch (size) {
+            case 1:
+                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R8_SINT
+                                 : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R8_SNORM : VK_FORMAT_R8_SSCALED);
+            case 2:
+                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SINT
+                                 : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SNORM : VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SSCALED);
+            case 3:
+                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SINT
+                                 : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SNORM : VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SSCALED);
+            case 4:
+                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SINT
+                                 : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SNORM : VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SSCALED);
+            default: return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+            }
+        case DataType::Uint8:
+            switch (size) {
+            case 1:
+                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R8_UINT
+                                 : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM : VK_FORMAT_R8_USCALED);
+            case 2:
+                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UINT
+                                 : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM : VK_FORMAT_R8G8_USCALED);
+            case 3:
+                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_UINT
+                                 : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_UNORM : VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_USCALED);
+            case 4:
+                return isInteger ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UINT
+                                 : (normalized ? VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM : VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_USCALED);
+            default: return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+            }
+        default:
+            return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+        }
+    }
+
+    SizeT VertexInputStateFactory::GetComponentSize(DataType type) {
+        switch (type) {
+        case DataType::Int8:
+        case DataType::Uint8:
+            return 1;
+        case DataType::Int16:
+        case DataType::Uint16:
+        case DataType::Float16:
+            return 2;
+        case DataType::Int32:
+        case DataType::Uint32:
+        case DataType::Float32:
+        case DataType::Fixed32:
+            return 4;
+        case DataType::Float64:
+            return 8;
+        default:
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VertexInputStateFactory.h

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VertexInputStateFactory.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "Config.h"
+#include "VertexInputStateBuilder.h"
+#include "MG_State/GLState/VertexArrayState/VertexArrayObject.h"
+#include <Includes.h>
+#include "../VkIncludes.h"
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    class VertexInputStateFactory {
+    public:
+        using HashType = Uint64;
+
+        struct BackendVertexInputState {
+            HashType hash = 0;
+            Vector<VkVertexInputBindingDescription> bindings;
+            Vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription> attributes;
+            Vector<SizeT> bindingBufferKeys;
+            VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo state{
+                VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO
+            };
+        };
+
+        explicit VertexInputStateFactory(const VulkanRendererConfig& config):
+            m_config(config) {}
+        ~VertexInputStateFactory() = default;
+        VertexInputStateFactory(const VertexInputStateFactory&) = delete;
+
+        HashType ComputeHash(const MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject& vao) const;
+        const BackendVertexInputState& GetOrCreateVertexInputState(const MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject& vao);
+
+    private:
+        static VkFormat ToVkVertexFormat(DataType type, Int size, Bool normalized, Bool isInteger);
+        static SizeT GetComponentSize(DataType type);
+
+        const VulkanRendererConfig& m_config;
+        UnorderedMap<HashType, BackendVertexInputState> m_cache;
+        static inline XXH64_state_t* m_hashState = XXH64_createState();
+    };
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkBufferManager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkBufferManager.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#include "VkBufferManager.h"
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    namespace {
+        constexpr Uint32 kResidentBufferGCInterval = 60;
+        constexpr VmaAllocationCreateFlags kResidentBufferAllocationFlags =
+            VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT;
+    } // namespace
+
+    Bool VkBufferManager::Initialize(const VkBufferManagerInitInfo& initInfo) {
+        Shutdown();
+
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(initInfo.allocator != nullptr, "VkBufferManager::Initialize requires valid allocator");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(initInfo.frameCount > 0, "VkBufferManager::Initialize requires non-zero frame count");
+
+        m_initInfo = initInfo;
+        m_deferredResidentReleases.resize(initInfo.frameCount);
+        m_currentFrameIndex = 0;
+        return InitializeTransientArenas();
+    }
+
+    void VkBufferManager::Shutdown() {
+        m_transientUploadArena.Shutdown();
+        DestroyResidentBuffers();
+        DestroyDeferredResidentReleases();
+        m_initInfo = {};
+        m_currentFrameIndex = 0;
+        m_residentGcTick = 0;
+    }
+
+    Bool VkBufferManager::RecreateTransientArenas(Uint32 frameCount) {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(m_initInfo.allocator != nullptr, "VkBufferManager::RecreateTransientArenas requires initialized manager");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(frameCount > 0, "VkBufferManager::RecreateTransientArenas requires non-zero frame count");
+
+        m_transientUploadArena.Shutdown();
+        m_initInfo.frameCount = frameCount;
+        DestroyDeferredResidentReleases();
+        m_deferredResidentReleases.resize(frameCount);
+        m_currentFrameIndex = 0;
+        return InitializeTransientArenas();
+    }
+
+    void VkBufferManager::BeginFrame(Uint32 frameIndex) {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(frameIndex < m_deferredResidentReleases.size(),
+                        "VkBufferManager::BeginFrame frame index out of range");
+        m_currentFrameIndex = frameIndex;
+        CollectDeferredResidentReleases(frameIndex);
+        m_transientUploadArena.BeginFrame(frameIndex);
+    }
+
+    Bool VkBufferManager::UploadTransient(BufferKind kind, Uint32 frameIndex, const void* data,
+                                          VkDeviceSize size, VkDeviceSize alignment, BufferSlice& outSlice) {
+        (void)kind;
+        return m_transientUploadArena.Upload(frameIndex, data, size, alignment, outSlice);
+    }
+
+    Bool VkBufferManager::InitializeTransientArenas() {
+        return m_transientUploadArena.Initialize({
+            .allocator = m_initInfo.allocator,
+            .frameCount = m_initInfo.frameCount,
+            .usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT |
+                     VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT,
+            .memoryUsage = m_initInfo.transientMemoryUsage,
+            .allocationFlags = m_initInfo.transientAllocationFlags,
+            .minBufferSize = m_initInfo.minUploadBytes,
+            .persistentlyMapped = m_initInfo.transientPersistentMapping,
+        });
+    }
+
+    Bool VkBufferManager::SyncResidentBuffer(BufferKind kind,
+                                             const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& bufferObject,
+                                             BufferSlice& outSlice) {
+        const VkBufferUsageFlags requiredUsage = GetVkBufferUsage(kind);
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(requiredUsage != 0,
+                        "VkBufferManager::SyncResidentBuffer only supports resident vertex/index buffers");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(bufferObject != nullptr, "VkBufferManager::SyncResidentBuffer requires valid buffer object");
+        CollectResidentGarbageIfNeeded();
+
+        const auto* bufferData = bufferObject->GetDataReadOnly().get();
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(bufferData != nullptr, "VkBufferManager::SyncResidentBuffer requires frontend buffer data");
+
+        const VkDeviceSize bufferSize = static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(bufferObject->GetSize());
+        if (bufferSize == 0) {
+            MGLOG_E("VkBufferManager::SyncResidentBuffer failed: buffer size is zero");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto& entry = m_residentBuffers[bufferObject.get()];
+        entry.aliveRef = bufferObject;
+
+        const auto changeBits = bufferObject->GetChangeBits();
+        const Bool needsRecreate = !entry.buffer.IsValid() || entry.size != bufferSize ||
+                                   ((entry.usage & requiredUsage) != requiredUsage) ||
+                                   (changeBits & BufferChangeBits::PreferReallocationBit);
+        if (needsRecreate) {
+            const VkBufferUsageFlags recreatedUsage = entry.usage | requiredUsage;
+            DeferResidentRelease(std::move(entry.buffer));
+            const Bool created = entry.buffer.Create({
+                .allocator = m_initInfo.allocator,
+                .size = bufferSize,
+                .usage = recreatedUsage,
+                .memoryUsage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO,
+                .allocationFlags = kResidentBufferAllocationFlags,
+            });
+            if (!created || entry.buffer.Map() == nullptr) {
+                MGLOG_E("VkBufferManager::SyncResidentBuffer failed: unable to create resident buffer");
+                entry.buffer.Destroy();
+                entry.size = 0;
+                entry.usage = 0;
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (!entry.buffer.Upload(bufferData->data(), bufferSize, 0)) {
+                MGLOG_E("VkBufferManager::SyncResidentBuffer failed: initial upload failed");
+                entry.buffer.Destroy();
+                entry.size = 0;
+                entry.usage = 0;
+                return false;
+            }
+            entry.size = bufferSize;
+            entry.usage = recreatedUsage;
+            bufferObject->ClearDirty();
+            outSlice = entry.buffer.GetSlice(0, bufferSize);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (changeBits & BufferChangeBits::DirtyBit) {
+            const auto& dirtyRanges = bufferObject->GetDirtyRanges();
+            for (const auto& range : dirtyRanges) {
+                const VkDeviceSize rangeOffset = static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(range.start);
+                const VkDeviceSize rangeSize = static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(range.end - range.start);
+                if (rangeSize == 0) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (!entry.buffer.Upload(bufferData->data() + range.start, rangeSize, rangeOffset)) {
+                    MGLOG_E("VkBufferManager::SyncResidentBuffer failed: dirty range upload failed");
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            bufferObject->ClearDirty();
+        }
+
+        outSlice = entry.buffer.GetSlice(0, bufferSize);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void VkBufferManager::DowngradeResidentBufferToTransient(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& bufferObject) {
+        if (bufferObject == nullptr) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        auto it = m_residentBuffers.find(bufferObject.get());
+        if (it == m_residentBuffers.end()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        DeferResidentRelease(std::move(it->second.buffer));
+        m_residentBuffers.erase(it);
+    }
+
+    void VkBufferManager::DeferResidentRelease(VkBufferObject&& buffer) {
+        if (!buffer.IsValid()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (m_deferredResidentReleases.empty()) {
+            buffer.Destroy();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(m_currentFrameIndex < m_deferredResidentReleases.size(),
+                        "VkBufferManager::DeferResidentRelease current frame index out of range");
+        m_deferredResidentReleases[m_currentFrameIndex].push_back(std::move(buffer));
+    }
+
+    void VkBufferManager::CollectDeferredResidentReleases(Uint32 frameIndex) {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(frameIndex < m_deferredResidentReleases.size(),
+                        "VkBufferManager::CollectDeferredResidentReleases frame index out of range");
+        m_deferredResidentReleases[frameIndex].clear();
+    }
+
+    VkBufferUsageFlags VkBufferManager::GetVkBufferUsage(BufferKind kind) {
+        switch (kind) {
+        case BufferKind::Vertex:
+        case BufferKind::Index:
+            // A GL buffer can be rebound between ARRAY_BUFFER and ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,
+            // and may even be used as both within the same draw setup. Keep resident
+            // vertex/index buffers compatible with both roles from the start so we
+            // never need to recreate a buffer after it has already been bound.
+            return VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT;
+        case BufferKind::Uniform:
+        default:
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void VkBufferManager::CollectResidentGarbageIfNeeded() {
+        ++m_residentGcTick;
+        if (m_residentGcTick < kResidentBufferGCInterval) {
+            return;
+        }
+        CollectResidentGarbageNow();
+        m_residentGcTick = 0;
+    }
+
+    void VkBufferManager::CollectResidentGarbageNow() {
+        Vector<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject*> staleBuffers;
+        staleBuffers.reserve(m_residentBuffers.size());
+
+        for (const auto& [rawBuffer, entry] : m_residentBuffers) {
+            if (entry.aliveRef.expired()) {
+                staleBuffers.push_back(rawBuffer);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (const auto* rawBuffer : staleBuffers) {
+            auto it = m_residentBuffers.find(const_cast<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject*>(rawBuffer));
+            if (it == m_residentBuffers.end()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            DeferResidentRelease(std::move(it->second.buffer));
+            m_residentBuffers.erase(it);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void VkBufferManager::DestroyDeferredResidentReleases() {
+        for (auto& deferredReleases : m_deferredResidentReleases) {
+            deferredReleases.clear();
+        }
+        m_deferredResidentReleases.clear();
+    }
+
+    void VkBufferManager::DestroyResidentBuffers() {
+        for (auto& [_, entry] : m_residentBuffers) {
+            entry.buffer.Destroy();
+        }
+        m_residentBuffers.clear();
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkBufferManager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkBufferManager.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "BufferArena.h"
+#include "MG_State/GLState/BufferState/BufferObject.h"
+#include "../VkIncludes.h"
+#include <Includes.h>
+#include <vk_mem_alloc.h>
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    enum class BufferKind : Uint8 {
+        Vertex,
+        Index,
+        Uniform,
+    };
+
+    struct VkBufferManagerInitInfo {
+        VmaAllocator allocator = nullptr;
+        Uint32 frameCount = 0;
+        VkDeviceSize minUploadBytes = 4 * 1024 * 1024;
+        VmaMemoryUsage transientMemoryUsage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO;
+        VmaAllocationCreateFlags transientAllocationFlags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT;
+        Bool transientPersistentMapping = false;
+    };
+
+    class VkBufferManager {
+    public:
+        Bool Initialize(const VkBufferManagerInitInfo& initInfo);
+        void Shutdown();
+
+        // Recreate all per-frame transient arenas
+        Bool RecreateTransientArenas(Uint32 frameCount);
+        void BeginFrame(Uint32 frameIndex);
+
+        Bool UploadTransient(BufferKind kind, Uint32 frameIndex, const void* data, VkDeviceSize size,
+                             VkDeviceSize alignment, BufferSlice& outSlice);
+        Bool SyncResidentBuffer(BufferKind kind, const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& bufferObject,
+                                BufferSlice& outSlice);
+        void DowngradeResidentBufferToTransient(const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject>& bufferObject);
+
+    private:
+        struct ResidentBufferEntry {
+            WeakPtr<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject> aliveRef;
+            VkBufferObject buffer;
+            VkDeviceSize size = 0;
+            VkBufferUsageFlags usage = 0;
+        };
+
+        Bool InitializeTransientArenas();
+        static VkBufferUsageFlags GetVkBufferUsage(BufferKind kind);
+        void DeferResidentRelease(VkBufferObject&& buffer);
+        void CollectDeferredResidentReleases(Uint32 frameIndex);
+        void CollectResidentGarbageIfNeeded();
+        void CollectResidentGarbageNow();
+        void DestroyDeferredResidentReleases();
+        void DestroyResidentBuffers();
+
+        VkBufferManagerInitInfo m_initInfo{};
+        BufferArena m_transientUploadArena;
+        UnorderedMap<MG_State::GLState::BufferObject*, ResidentBufferEntry> m_residentBuffers;
+        Vector<Vector<VkBufferObject>> m_deferredResidentReleases;
+        Uint32 m_currentFrameIndex = 0;
+        Uint32 m_residentGcTick = 0;
+    };
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkBufferObject.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkBufferObject.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#include "VkBufferObject.h"
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    VkBufferObject::VkBufferObject(VkBufferObject&& other) noexcept {
+        m_allocator = other.m_allocator;
+        m_buffer = other.m_buffer;
+        m_allocation = other.m_allocation;
+        m_mappedData = other.m_mappedData;
+        m_size = other.m_size;
+
+        other.m_allocator = nullptr;
+        other.m_buffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        other.m_allocation = nullptr;
+        other.m_mappedData = nullptr;
+        other.m_size = 0;
+    }
+
+    VkBufferObject& VkBufferObject::operator=(VkBufferObject&& other) noexcept {
+        if (this == &other) {
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        Destroy();
+
+        m_allocator = other.m_allocator;
+        m_buffer = other.m_buffer;
+        m_allocation = other.m_allocation;
+        m_mappedData = other.m_mappedData;
+        m_size = other.m_size;
+
+        other.m_allocator = nullptr;
+        other.m_buffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        other.m_allocation = nullptr;
+        other.m_mappedData = nullptr;
+        other.m_size = 0;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    VkBufferObject::~VkBufferObject() {
+        Destroy();
+    }
+
+    Bool VkBufferObject::Create(const VkBufferObjectDesc& desc) {
+        return Create(desc.allocator, desc.size, desc.usage, desc.memoryUsage, desc.allocationFlags);
+    }
+
+    Bool VkBufferObject::Create(VmaAllocator allocator, VkDeviceSize size, VkBufferUsageFlags usage,
+                                VmaMemoryUsage memoryUsage, VmaAllocationCreateFlags allocationFlags) {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(allocator != nullptr, "VkBufferObject::Create requires valid VMA allocator");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(size > 0, "VkBufferObject::Create requires non-zero size");
+
+        Destroy();
+        m_allocator = allocator;
+
+        VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo{};
+        bufferInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
+        bufferInfo.size = size;
+        bufferInfo.usage = usage;
+        bufferInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
+
+        VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocationInfo{};
+        allocationInfo.usage = memoryUsage;
+        allocationInfo.flags = allocationFlags;
+
+        const VkResult result =
+            vmaCreateBuffer(m_allocator, &bufferInfo, &allocationInfo, &m_buffer, &m_allocation, nullptr);
+        if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+            MGLOG_E("VkBufferObject::Create failed: vmaCreateBuffer returned %d", result);
+            m_allocator = nullptr;
+            m_buffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            m_allocation = nullptr;
+            m_size = 0;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        m_size = size;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void VkBufferObject::Destroy() {
+        Unmap();
+        if (m_allocator != nullptr && m_buffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE && m_allocation != nullptr) {
+            vmaDestroyBuffer(m_allocator, m_buffer, m_allocation);
+        }
+        m_buffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        m_allocation = nullptr;
+        m_allocator = nullptr;
+        m_size = 0;
+    }
+
+    void* VkBufferObject::Map() {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(IsValid(), "VkBufferObject::Map called on invalid buffer");
+
+        if (m_mappedData != nullptr) {
+            return m_mappedData;
+        }
+
+        const VkResult mapResult = vmaMapMemory(m_allocator, m_allocation, &m_mappedData);
+        if (mapResult != VK_SUCCESS || m_mappedData == nullptr) {
+            MGLOG_E("VkBufferObject::Map failed: vmaMapMemory returned %d", mapResult);
+            m_mappedData = nullptr;
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        return m_mappedData;
+    }
+
+    void VkBufferObject::Unmap() {
+        if (!IsValid() || m_mappedData == nullptr) {
+            m_mappedData = nullptr;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        vmaUnmapMemory(m_allocator, m_allocation);
+        m_mappedData = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    Bool VkBufferObject::Upload(const void* data, VkDeviceSize size, VkDeviceSize offset) {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(IsValid(), "VkBufferObject::Upload called on invalid buffer");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(data != nullptr || size == 0, "VkBufferObject::Upload data pointer is null");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(offset + size <= m_size, "VkBufferObject::Upload out of range");
+
+        if (size == 0) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        const Bool wasMapped = IsMapped();
+        void* mapped = wasMapped ? m_mappedData : Map();
+        if (mapped == nullptr) {
+            MGLOG_E("VkBufferObject::Upload failed: unable to map buffer");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        Memcpy(static_cast<Uint8*>(mapped) + offset, data, static_cast<SizeT>(size));
+        if (!wasMapped) {
+            Unmap();
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    BufferSlice VkBufferObject::GetSlice(VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size) const {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(offset <= m_size, "VkBufferObject::GetSlice offset out of range");
+        const VkDeviceSize resolvedSize = (size == VK_WHOLE_SIZE) ? (m_size - offset) : size;
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(offset + resolvedSize <= m_size, "VkBufferObject::GetSlice range out of bounds");
+
+        BufferSlice slice{};
+        slice.buffer = m_buffer;
+        slice.offset = offset;
+        slice.size = resolvedSize;
+        slice.mapped = (m_mappedData != nullptr) ? static_cast<Uint8*>(m_mappedData) + offset : nullptr;
+        return slice;
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkBufferObject.h

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkBufferObject.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "BufferSlice.h"
+#include "../VkIncludes.h"
+#include <Includes.h>
+#include <vk_mem_alloc.h>
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    struct VkBufferObjectDesc {
+        VmaAllocator allocator = nullptr;
+        VkDeviceSize size = 0;
+        VkBufferUsageFlags usage = 0;
+        VmaMemoryUsage memoryUsage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO;
+        VmaAllocationCreateFlags allocationFlags = 0;
+    };
+
+    class VkBufferObject {
+    public:
+        VkBufferObject() = default;
+        ~VkBufferObject();
+
+        VkBufferObject(const VkBufferObject&) = delete;
+        VkBufferObject& operator=(const VkBufferObject&) = delete;
+        VkBufferObject(VkBufferObject&& other) noexcept;
+        VkBufferObject& operator=(VkBufferObject&& other) noexcept;
+
+        Bool Create(const VkBufferObjectDesc& desc);
+        Bool Create(VmaAllocator allocator, VkDeviceSize size, VkBufferUsageFlags usage,
+                    VmaMemoryUsage memoryUsage, VmaAllocationCreateFlags allocationFlags = 0);
+        void Destroy();
+
+        void* Map();
+        void Unmap();
+        Bool Upload(const void* data, VkDeviceSize size, VkDeviceSize offset = 0);
+
+        VkBuffer GetHandle() const { return m_buffer; }
+        VkDeviceSize GetSize() const { return m_size; }
+        BufferSlice GetSlice(VkDeviceSize offset = 0, VkDeviceSize size = VK_WHOLE_SIZE) const;
+        void* GetMappedData() const { return m_mappedData; }
+        Bool IsMapped() const { return m_mappedData != nullptr; }
+        Bool IsValid() const { return m_allocator != nullptr && m_buffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE && m_allocation != nullptr; }
+
+    private:
+        VmaAllocator m_allocator = nullptr;
+        VkBuffer m_buffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        VmaAllocation m_allocation = nullptr;
+        void* m_mappedData = nullptr;
+        VkDeviceSize m_size = 0;
+    };
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkClearManager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkClearManager.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#include "VkClearManager.h"
+
+#include "MG_Util/Converters/MGToStr/FramebufferEnumConverter.h"
+#include "MG_Util/Converters/MGToStr/TextureEnumConverter.h"
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    Bool VkClearManager::Initialize() {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void VkClearManager::Shutdown() {
+
+    }
+
+    void VkClearManager::QueueClear(GLbitfield mask, const ClearFramebufferPayload& clearPayload,
+                                    const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& drawFbo) {
+        if (mask & GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) {
+            auto& drawbufs = drawFbo.GetDrawBuffers();
+            // This should automatically work on default & offscreen FBO
+            for (auto drawbuf: drawbufs) {
+                if (drawbuf == FramebufferAttachmentType::None ||
+                    drawFbo.GetAttachment(drawbuf).IsRenderbuffer())
+                    continue;
+
+                QueueClear({
+                    .color = clearPayload.color,
+                    .attachmentType = drawbuf
+                }, drawFbo.GetAttachment(drawbuf).GetTexture());
+                MGLOG_D("%s: %s (texture %d) - color = (%.2f, %.2f, %.2f, %.2f)", __func__,
+                    MG_Util::ConvertFramebufferAttachmentTypeToString(drawbuf).c_str(),
+                    drawFbo.GetAttachment(drawbuf).GetTexture()->GetExternalIndex(),
+                    clearPayload.color[0], clearPayload.color[1], clearPayload.color[2], clearPayload.color[3]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (mask & GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT &&
+            !drawFbo.GetAttachment(FramebufferAttachmentType::Depth).IsRenderbuffer()) {
+            QueueClear({
+                .depth = clearPayload.depth,
+                .attachmentType = FramebufferAttachmentType::Depth,
+            }, drawFbo.GetAttachment(FramebufferAttachmentType::Depth).GetTexture());
+            MGLOG_D("%s: Depth (texture %d) - depth = (%.2f)", __func__,
+                drawFbo.GetAttachment(FramebufferAttachmentType::Depth).GetTexture()->GetExternalIndex(), clearPayload.depth);
+        }
+
+        if (mask & GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT &&
+            !drawFbo.GetAttachment(FramebufferAttachmentType::Stencil).IsRenderbuffer()) {
+            QueueClear({
+                .stencil = clearPayload.stencil,
+                .attachmentType = FramebufferAttachmentType::Stencil,
+            }, drawFbo.GetAttachment(FramebufferAttachmentType::Stencil).GetTexture());
+            MGLOG_D("%s: Stencil (texture %d) - stencil = (%u)", __func__,
+                drawFbo.GetAttachment(FramebufferAttachmentType::Stencil).GetTexture()->GetExternalIndex(), clearPayload.stencil);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void VkClearManager::QueueClear(const ClearAttachmentPayload& clearPayload,
+                                    const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& texture) {
+        WeakPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> weakTexturePtr = texture;
+        if (weakTexturePtr.expired())
+            return;
+        auto* pTexture = weakTexturePtr.lock().get();
+        m_aliveObjects[pTexture] = weakTexturePtr;
+        m_pendingClears[pTexture] = clearPayload;
+    }
+
+    Bool VkClearManager::HasPendingClear(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture) {
+        return m_pendingClears.find(texture) != m_pendingClears.end();
+    }
+
+    Bool VkClearManager::GetPendingClear(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture, ClearAttachmentPayload& outPayload) {
+        if (m_aliveObjects.find(texture) == m_aliveObjects.end() ||
+            m_pendingClears.find(texture) == m_pendingClears.end()) {
+            MGLOG_D("%s: Failed getting pending clear for texture %d", __func__, texture->GetExternalIndex());
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        outPayload = m_pendingClears[texture];
+        MGLOG_D("%s: Got pending clear for texture %d (%s), clear value: color = (%.2f, %.2f, %.2f, %.2f), depth = (%.2f), stencil = (%u)", __func__,
+            texture->GetExternalIndex(),
+            MG_Util::ConvertTextureInternalFormatToString(texture->GetFormat()).c_str(),
+            outPayload.color[0], outPayload.color[1], outPayload.color[2], outPayload.color[3],
+            outPayload.depth,
+            outPayload.stencil);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void VkClearManager::PopPendingClear(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture) {
+        MGLOG_D("%s: Pop pending clear for texture %d", __func__, texture->GetExternalIndex());
+        m_aliveObjects.erase(texture);
+        m_pendingClears.erase(texture);
+    }
+
+    SizeT VkClearManager::CollectGarbage() {
+        m_gcCounter++;
+        if (m_gcCounter != 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        SizeT count = 0;
+        for (const auto& [raw, weak]: m_aliveObjects) {
+            if (weak.expired()) {
+                count++;
+                m_pendingClears.erase(raw);
+                m_aliveObjects.erase(raw);
+            }
+        }
+        return count;
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkClearManager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkClearManager.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../VkIncludes.h"
+#include "../VulkanRendererConfig.h"
+#include "MG_State/GLState/FramebufferState/FramebufferObject.h"
+#include "MG_Util/Math/VectorTypes.h"
+
+#include <Includes.h>
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    struct ClearFramebufferPayload {
+        FloatVec4 color;
+        Float depth{};
+        Uint32 stencil{};
+    };
+
+    struct ClearAttachmentPayload {
+        union {
+            FloatVec4 color;
+            Float depth{};
+            Uint32 stencil;
+        };
+        FramebufferAttachmentType attachmentType = FramebufferAttachmentType::Color0;
+    };
+
+    class VkClearManager {
+    public:
+        Bool Initialize();
+        void Shutdown();
+
+        void QueueClear(GLbitfield mask, const ClearFramebufferPayload& clearPayload, const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& drawFbo);
+        void QueueClear(
+            const ClearAttachmentPayload& clearPayload,
+            const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& texture);
+        Bool HasPendingClear(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture);
+        Bool GetPendingClear(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture, ClearAttachmentPayload& outPayload);
+        void PopPendingClear(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture);
+        SizeT CollectGarbage();
+    private:
+        Uint8 m_gcCounter = 0;
+        UnorderedMap<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject*, ClearAttachmentPayload> m_pendingClears;
+        UnorderedMap<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject*, WeakPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>> m_aliveObjects;
+    };
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkRenderPassManager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,507 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkRenderPassManager.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#include "VkRenderPassManager.h"
+
+#include "MG_Impl/GLImpl/Framebuffer/GL_Framebuffer.h"
+#include "MG_State/GLState/TextureState/TextureObject2D.h"
+#include "MG_Util/Converters/MGToVk/TextureEnumConverter.h"
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    VkRenderPassManager::VkRenderPassManager(VkDevice device,
+        const VulkanRendererConfig& config, VkClearManager& clearManager, VkTextureManager& textureManager,
+        SwapchainObject& swapchainObject):
+        m_device(device), m_config(config), m_clearManager(clearManager), m_textureManager(textureManager),
+        m_swapchainObject(swapchainObject) {
+        RenderPassEntry::s_device = m_device;
+        s_clearManager = &m_clearManager;
+        s_textureManager = &m_textureManager;
+        s_swapchainObject = &m_swapchainObject;
+    }
+
+    VkRenderPassManager::~VkRenderPassManager() {}
+
+    Bool VkRenderPassManager::Initialize() {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void VkRenderPassManager::Shutdown() {
+    }
+
+    VkRenderPassManager::HashType VkRenderPassManager::ComputeHash(
+        const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& fbo, Uint32 swapchainImageIndex, Bool includePendingClear) const {
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_reset(m_hashState, m_config.CacheVersion));
+        const Bool isDefaultFbo = (&fbo == MG_Impl::GLImpl::FramebufferImpl::pDefaultFramebufferInfo->defaultFBO.get());
+        if (isDefaultFbo) {
+            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &swapchainImageIndex, sizeof(swapchainImageIndex)));
+        }
+        auto& drawBuffers = fbo.GetDrawBuffers();
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, drawBuffers.data(), drawBuffers.size() * sizeof(drawBuffers[0])));
+        auto readBuffer = fbo.GetReadBuffer();
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &readBuffer, sizeof(FramebufferAttachmentType)));
+        Int validDrawBufCount = 0;
+        for (Int i = 0; i < drawBuffers.size(); ++i) {
+            auto drawbuf = drawBuffers[i];
+            if (drawbuf != FramebufferAttachmentType::None)
+                validDrawBufCount = std::max(validDrawBufCount, i + 1);
+        }
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &validDrawBufCount, sizeof(validDrawBufCount)));
+
+        auto combineFramebufferAttachmentObjHash = [&](FramebufferAttachmentType attachment) {
+            auto& att = fbo.GetAttachment(attachment);
+
+            Int type = 0;
+            if (att.IsEmpty()) type = 0;
+            else if (att.IsTexture()) type = 1;
+            else if (att.IsRenderbuffer()) type = 2;
+            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &type, sizeof(type)));
+            void* contentPtr = nullptr;
+            if (att.IsTexture())
+                contentPtr = att.GetTexture().get();
+            else if (att.IsRenderbuffer())
+                contentPtr = att.GetRenderbuffer().get();
+            XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &contentPtr, sizeof(contentPtr)));
+            if (att.IsTexture()) {
+                const Int textureLevel = att.GetTextureLevel();
+                XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &textureLevel, sizeof(textureLevel)));
+            }
+
+            if (includePendingClear && att.IsTexture()) {
+                auto* texture = att.GetTexture().get();
+                auto hasClear = m_clearManager.HasPendingClear(texture);
+                XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &hasClear, sizeof(hasClear)));
+                if (hasClear) {
+                    ClearAttachmentPayload clearPayload{};
+                    Bool hasPayload = m_clearManager.GetPendingClear(texture, clearPayload);
+                    XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &hasPayload, sizeof(hasPayload)));
+                    if (hasPayload) {
+                        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(
+                            m_hashState, &clearPayload.attachmentType, sizeof(clearPayload.attachmentType)));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                VkImageLayout currentLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
+                if (isDefaultFbo) {
+                    if (attachment >= FramebufferAttachmentType::Color0 &&
+                        attachment <= FramebufferAttachmentType::Color31) {
+                        currentLayout = m_swapchainObject.GetImageLayout(swapchainImageIndex);
+                    } else if (attachment == FramebufferAttachmentType::Depth ||
+                               attachment == FramebufferAttachmentType::Stencil) {
+                        currentLayout = m_swapchainObject.GetDepthStencilImageLayout(swapchainImageIndex);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    auto* resource = m_textureManager.SyncTextureAndGetDescriptor(*texture);
+                    if (resource != nullptr) {
+                        currentLayout = resource->layout;
+                    }
+                }
+                XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &currentLayout, sizeof(currentLayout)));
+            }
+        };
+
+        for (Int i = 0; i < validDrawBufCount; ++i) {
+            auto drawbuf = drawBuffers[i];
+            combineFramebufferAttachmentObjHash(drawbuf);
+        }
+
+        combineFramebufferAttachmentObjHash(FramebufferAttachmentType::Depth);
+        combineFramebufferAttachmentObjHash(FramebufferAttachmentType::Stencil);
+
+        return XXH64_digest(m_hashState);
+    }
+
+    RenderPassEntry& VkRenderPassManager::GetOrCreateRenderPass(const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& fbo,
+                                                                Uint32 swapchainImageIndex) {
+        auto hasPendingClearOnFramebuffer = [&]() -> Bool {
+            const auto& drawBuffers = fbo.GetDrawBuffers();
+            for (auto attachment : drawBuffers) {
+                if (attachment == FramebufferAttachmentType::None) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                const auto& att = fbo.GetAttachment(attachment);
+                if (att.IsTexture() && m_clearManager.HasPendingClear(att.GetTexture().get())) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            const auto& depthAtt = fbo.GetAttachment(FramebufferAttachmentType::Depth);
+            if (depthAtt.IsTexture() && m_clearManager.HasPendingClear(depthAtt.GetTexture().get())) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            const auto& stencilAtt = fbo.GetAttachment(FramebufferAttachmentType::Stencil);
+            if (stencilAtt.IsTexture() && m_clearManager.HasPendingClear(stencilAtt.GetTexture().get())) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        };
+
+        // retrieve from cache first
+        auto* activeRenderPass = GetActiveRenderPass();
+        auto compatibilityHash = ComputeHash(fbo, swapchainImageIndex, false);
+        if (activeRenderPass != nullptr &&
+            activeRenderPass->CompatibleWith(compatibilityHash) &&
+            !hasPendingClearOnFramebuffer()) {
+            auto activeIt = m_renderPasses.find(activeRenderPass->hash);
+            MOBILEGL_ASSERT(activeIt != m_renderPasses.end(),
+                            "GetOrCreateRenderPass: active render pass hash=0x%llx is missing from cache",
+                            static_cast<unsigned long long>(activeRenderPass->hash));
+            return activeIt->second;
+        }
+        auto hash = ComputeHash(fbo, swapchainImageIndex, true);
+        auto it = m_renderPasses.find(hash);
+        if (it != m_renderPasses.end())
+            return it->second;
+
+        Bool isDefaultFbo = (&fbo == MG_Impl::GLImpl::FramebufferImpl::pDefaultFramebufferInfo->defaultFBO.get());
+        // Color attachment
+        auto& drawbufs = fbo.GetDrawBuffers();
+        Int validDrawBufCount = 0;
+        for (Int i = 0; i < drawbufs.size(); ++i) {
+            auto drawbuf = drawbufs[i];
+            if (drawbuf != FramebufferAttachmentType::None)
+                validDrawBufCount = std::max(validDrawBufCount, i + 1);
+        }
+
+        Int width = 0;
+        Int height = 0;
+        Vector<VkAttachmentDescription> attachmentDescriptions(validDrawBufCount);
+        Vector<VkAttachmentReference> colorAttachmentRefs(validDrawBufCount);
+        Vector<PendingClearAttachmentInfo> pendingClearAttachments;
+        Vector<TrackedAttachmentLayoutInfo> trackedAttachmentLayouts;
+        auto& textureResources = RenderPassEntry::s_textureResourcesScratch;
+        textureResources.clear();
+        textureResources.resize(validDrawBufCount, nullptr);
+        Vector<VkImageView> attachmentViews(validDrawBufCount, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+        // This should automatically work on default & offscreen FBO
+        // assuming default FBO has the right param
+        for (Int i = 0; i < validDrawBufCount; ++i) {
+            auto drawbuf = drawbufs[i];
+            if (drawbuf == FramebufferAttachmentType::None ||
+                fbo.GetAttachment(drawbuf).IsRenderbuffer())
+                continue;
+
+            auto& att = fbo.GetAttachment(drawbuf);
+            auto* texture = att.GetTexture().get();
+            const Uint32 attachmentMipLevel = static_cast<Uint32>(std::max(att.GetTextureLevel(), 0));
+            const auto textureTarget = texture->GetTarget();
+
+            // Color attachment description
+            VkAttachmentDescription& desc = attachmentDescriptions[i];
+            switch (textureTarget) {
+                case TextureTarget::Texture2D: {
+                    auto* texture2d =
+                        static_cast<MG_State::GLState::TextureObject2D*>(texture);
+                    desc.flags = 0;
+                    desc.format =
+                        MG_Util::ConvertTextureInternalFormatToVkEnum(
+                            texture2d->GetFormat());
+                    desc.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
+                    ClearAttachmentPayload clearPayload{};
+                    Bool hasClear = m_clearManager.GetPendingClear(texture, clearPayload);
+                    VkImageLayout trackedColorLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
+                    desc.loadOp = hasClear ?
+                        VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR :
+                        VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD;
+                    desc.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
+                    desc.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
+                    desc.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
+                    desc.finalLayout = isDefaultFbo ?
+                        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR :
+                        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
+                    if (hasClear) {
+                        pendingClearAttachments.emplace_back(PendingClearAttachmentInfo {
+                            .attachmentIndex = static_cast<Uint32>(i),
+                            .texture = texture
+                        });
+                    }
+                    if (width == 0)
+                        width = att.GetSize().x();
+                    if (height == 0)
+                        height = att.GetSize().y();
+
+                    if (isDefaultFbo) {
+                        const auto& swapchainViews = m_swapchainObject.GetImageViews();
+                        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(swapchainImageIndex < swapchainViews.size(),
+                                        "GetOrCreateRenderPass: swapchain image index out of range");
+                        trackedColorLayout = m_swapchainObject.GetImageLayout(swapchainImageIndex);
+                        trackedAttachmentLayouts.emplace_back(TrackedAttachmentLayoutInfo {
+                            .target = TrackedAttachmentTarget::SwapchainColor,
+                            .swapchainImageIndex = swapchainImageIndex,
+                            .finalLayout = desc.finalLayout,
+                        });
+                        attachmentViews[i] = swapchainViews[swapchainImageIndex];
+                    } else {
+                        textureResources[i] = m_textureManager.SyncTextureAndGetDescriptor(*texture);
+                        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(textureResources[i],
+                                        "GetOrCreateRenderPass: SyncTextureAndGetDescriptor failed at color attachment %d", i);
+                        trackedColorLayout = textureResources[i]->layout;
+                        trackedAttachmentLayouts.emplace_back(TrackedAttachmentLayoutInfo {
+                            .target = TrackedAttachmentTarget::Texture,
+                            .texture = texture,
+                            .finalLayout = desc.finalLayout,
+                        });
+                        attachmentViews[i] = m_textureManager.GetOrCreateViewAtMipLevel(*texture, attachmentMipLevel);
+                        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(attachmentViews[i] != VK_NULL_HANDLE,
+                                        "GetOrCreateRenderPass: GetOrCreateAttachmentView failed at color attachment %d", i);
+                    }
+
+                    if (!hasClear && trackedColorLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED) {
+                        MGLOG_W("GetOrCreateRenderPass: color attachment textureId=%d starts with undefined layout and no clear; "
+                                "using LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE",
+                                texture->GetExternalIndex());
+                        desc.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
+                    }
+                    desc.initialLayout = (hasClear || trackedColorLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED) ?
+                        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED :
+                        trackedColorLayout;
+
+                    break;
+                }
+                default:
+                    MOBILEGL_ASSERT(false, "Unsupported texture target");
+            }
+
+            // Attachment reference
+            VkAttachmentReference& attachmentRef = colorAttachmentRefs[i];
+            attachmentRef.attachment = i;
+            attachmentRef.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
+        }
+
+        // Depth attachment description
+        auto& depthAtt = fbo.GetAttachment(FramebufferAttachmentType::Depth);
+        VkAttachmentDescription depthAttachmentDescription;
+        VkAttachmentReference depthAttachmentRef;
+        depthAttachmentRef.attachment = VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED;
+        depthAttachmentRef.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
+        VkTextureManager::TextureResource* depthTextureResource = nullptr;
+        if (depthAtt.IsComplete() && depthAtt.IsTexture()) {
+            auto& texture = *depthAtt.GetTexture();
+            const Uint32 attachmentMipLevel = static_cast<Uint32>(std::max(depthAtt.GetTextureLevel(), 0));
+            const Uint32 depthAttachmentIndex = static_cast<Uint32>(attachmentDescriptions.size());
+            ClearAttachmentPayload clearPayload{};
+            Bool hasClear = m_clearManager.GetPendingClear(&texture, clearPayload);
+            Bool clearDepth = hasClear && clearPayload.attachmentType == FramebufferAttachmentType::Depth;
+            Bool clearStencil = hasClear && clearPayload.attachmentType == FramebufferAttachmentType::Stencil;
+            VkImageLayout trackedDepthLayout = isDefaultFbo ?
+                m_swapchainObject.GetDepthStencilImageLayout(swapchainImageIndex) :
+                VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
+            if (!isDefaultFbo) {
+                depthTextureResource = m_textureManager.SyncTextureAndGetDescriptor(texture);
+                MOBILEGL_ASSERT(depthTextureResource,
+                                "GetOrCreateRenderPass: SyncTextureAndGetDescriptor failed at depth attachment");
+                trackedDepthLayout = depthTextureResource->layout;
+            }
+            depthAttachmentDescription.flags = 0;
+            depthAttachmentDescription.format =
+                MG_Util::ConvertTextureInternalFormatToVkEnum(texture.GetFormat());
+            depthAttachmentDescription.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
+            depthAttachmentDescription.loadOp = clearDepth ?
+                VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR :
+                VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD;
+            depthAttachmentDescription.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
+            depthAttachmentDescription.stencilLoadOp = clearStencil ?
+                VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR :
+                VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD;
+            depthAttachmentDescription.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
+            depthAttachmentDescription.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
+            if (trackedDepthLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED) {
+                if (!clearDepth) {
+                    depthAttachmentDescription.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
+                }
+                if (!clearStencil) {
+                    depthAttachmentDescription.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
+                }
+            }
+            depthAttachmentDescription.initialLayout =
+                (clearDepth && clearStencil) || trackedDepthLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED ?
+                    VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED :
+                    trackedDepthLayout;
+            if (hasClear) {
+                pendingClearAttachments.emplace_back(PendingClearAttachmentInfo {
+                    .attachmentIndex = depthAttachmentIndex,
+                    .texture = &texture
+                });
+            }
+            if (isDefaultFbo) {
+                trackedAttachmentLayouts.emplace_back(TrackedAttachmentLayoutInfo {
+                    .target = TrackedAttachmentTarget::SwapchainDepthStencil,
+                    .swapchainImageIndex = swapchainImageIndex,
+                    .finalLayout = depthAttachmentDescription.finalLayout,
+                });
+                attachmentViews.emplace_back(m_swapchainObject.GetDepthStencilImageView(swapchainImageIndex));
+            } else {
+                MOBILEGL_ASSERT(clearDepth || clearStencil || depthTextureResource->layout != VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
+                                "GetOrCreateRenderPass: depth attachment textureId=%d has undefined tracked layout with LOAD_OP_LOAD",
+                                texture.GetExternalIndex());
+                trackedAttachmentLayouts.emplace_back(TrackedAttachmentLayoutInfo {
+                    .target = TrackedAttachmentTarget::Texture,
+                    .texture = &texture,
+                    .finalLayout = depthAttachmentDescription.finalLayout,
+                });
+                textureResources.emplace_back(depthTextureResource);
+                attachmentViews.emplace_back(m_textureManager.GetOrCreateViewAtMipLevel(texture, attachmentMipLevel));
+                MOBILEGL_ASSERT(attachmentViews.back() != VK_NULL_HANDLE,
+                                "GetOrCreateRenderPass: GetOrCreateAttachmentView failed at depth attachment");
+                if (width == 0 || height == 0) {
+                    width = depthAtt.GetSize().x();
+                    height = depthAtt.GetSize().y();
+                }
+            }
+            attachmentDescriptions.emplace_back(depthAttachmentDescription);
+            depthAttachmentRef.attachment = depthAttachmentIndex;
+        }
+
+        // Subpass
+        VkSubpassDescription subpassDesc;
+        subpassDesc.flags = 0;
+        subpassDesc.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
+        subpassDesc.inputAttachmentCount = 0;
+        subpassDesc.pInputAttachments = nullptr;
+        subpassDesc.colorAttachmentCount = colorAttachmentRefs.size();
+        subpassDesc.pColorAttachments = colorAttachmentRefs.data();
+        subpassDesc.pResolveAttachments = nullptr;
+        subpassDesc.pDepthStencilAttachment = depthAtt.IsComplete() ? &depthAttachmentRef : VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        subpassDesc.preserveAttachmentCount = 0;
+        subpassDesc.pPreserveAttachments = nullptr;
+
+        // Render Pass
+        VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderPassCreateInfo;
+        renderPassCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO;
+        renderPassCreateInfo.pNext = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        renderPassCreateInfo.flags = 0;
+        renderPassCreateInfo.attachmentCount = attachmentDescriptions.size();
+        renderPassCreateInfo.pAttachments = attachmentDescriptions.data();
+        renderPassCreateInfo.subpassCount = 1;
+        renderPassCreateInfo.pSubpasses = &subpassDesc;
+        renderPassCreateInfo.dependencyCount = 0;
+        renderPassCreateInfo.pDependencies = nullptr;
+
+        VkRenderPass renderPass = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        VK_VERIFY(vkCreateRenderPass(m_device, &renderPassCreateInfo, nullptr, &renderPass));
+
+        // Framebuffer
+        VkFramebufferCreateInfo framebufferCreateInfo;
+        framebufferCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
+        framebufferCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
+        framebufferCreateInfo.flags = 0;
+        framebufferCreateInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
+        framebufferCreateInfo.attachmentCount = attachmentViews.size();
+        framebufferCreateInfo.pAttachments = attachmentViews.data();
+        framebufferCreateInfo.width = width;
+        framebufferCreateInfo.height = height;
+        framebufferCreateInfo.layers = 1;
+        VkFramebuffer framebuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        VK_VERIFY(vkCreateFramebuffer(m_device, &framebufferCreateInfo, nullptr, &framebuffer));
+        IntVec2 extent = {width, height};
+        RenderPassEntry renderPassEntry {
+            hash,
+            renderPass,
+            framebuffer,
+            compatibilityHash,
+            Move(pendingClearAttachments),
+            Move(trackedAttachmentLayouts),
+            static_cast<Uint32>(attachmentViews.size()),
+            extent,
+            1 };
+        auto [insertedIt, _] = m_renderPasses.emplace(hash, Move(renderPassEntry));
+        return insertedIt->second;
+    }
+
+    Bool VkRenderPassManager::BeginRenderPass(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, RenderPassEntry& renderPassEntry) {
+        // TODO: Transition all the attachments into proper layout before starting the render pass
+        VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderPassBeginInfo;
+        renderPassBeginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO;
+        renderPassBeginInfo.pNext = nullptr;
+        renderPassBeginInfo.renderPass = renderPassEntry.renderPass;
+        renderPassBeginInfo.framebuffer = renderPassEntry.framebuffer;
+        renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.offset = { 0, 0 };
+        renderPassBeginInfo.renderArea.extent = {
+            (Uint32)renderPassEntry.extent.x(), (Uint32)renderPassEntry.extent.y() };
+
+        Vector<VkClearValue> clearValues(renderPassEntry.attachmentCount);
+        for (auto& clearValue: clearValues) {
+            clearValue.color = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};
+            clearValue.depthStencil = {1.0f, 0};
+        }
+        for (const auto& pending: renderPassEntry.pendingClearAttachments) {
+            if (!pending.texture || pending.attachmentIndex >= clearValues.size()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            ClearAttachmentPayload clearPayload{};
+            if (!s_clearManager->GetPendingClear(pending.texture, clearPayload)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (clearPayload.attachmentType >= FramebufferAttachmentType::Color0 &&
+                clearPayload.attachmentType <= FramebufferAttachmentType::Color31) {
+                clearValues[pending.attachmentIndex].color = {
+                    clearPayload.color.x(),
+                    clearPayload.color.y(),
+                    clearPayload.color.z(),
+                    clearPayload.color.w()
+                };
+            } else if (clearPayload.attachmentType == FramebufferAttachmentType::Depth) {
+                clearValues[pending.attachmentIndex].depthStencil.depth = clearPayload.depth;
+            } else if (clearPayload.attachmentType == FramebufferAttachmentType::Stencil) {
+                clearValues[pending.attachmentIndex].depthStencil.stencil = clearPayload.stencil;
+            }
+        }
+
+        renderPassBeginInfo.clearValueCount = static_cast<Uint32>(clearValues.size());
+        renderPassBeginInfo.pClearValues = clearValues.data();
+
+        vkCmdBeginRenderPass(commandBuffer, &renderPassBeginInfo, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
+        for (const auto& pending: renderPassEntry.pendingClearAttachments) {
+            s_clearManager->PopPendingClear(pending.texture);
+        }
+        s_activeRenderPass.hash = renderPassEntry.hash;
+        s_activeRenderPass.compatibilityHash = renderPassEntry.compatibilityHash;
+        s_activeRenderPass.trackedAttachmentLayouts = renderPassEntry.trackedAttachmentLayouts;
+        s_activeRenderPass.extent = renderPassEntry.extent;
+        s_hasActiveRenderPass = true;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool VkRenderPassManager::EndRenderPass(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer) {
+        auto* activeRenderPass = GetActiveRenderPass();
+        vkCmdEndRenderPass(commandBuffer);
+        if (activeRenderPass != nullptr && !activeRenderPass->trackedAttachmentLayouts.empty()) {
+            for (const auto& trackedAttachment : activeRenderPass->trackedAttachmentLayouts) {
+                switch (trackedAttachment.target) {
+                    case TrackedAttachmentTarget::Texture:
+                        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(s_textureManager != nullptr, "EndRenderPass: texture manager is null");
+                        s_textureManager->UpdateTrackedImageLayout(trackedAttachment.texture, trackedAttachment.finalLayout);
+                        break;
+                    case TrackedAttachmentTarget::SwapchainColor:
+                        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(s_swapchainObject != nullptr, "EndRenderPass: swapchain object is null");
+                        s_swapchainObject->SetImageLayout(trackedAttachment.swapchainImageIndex, trackedAttachment.finalLayout);
+                        break;
+                    case TrackedAttachmentTarget::SwapchainDepthStencil:
+                        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(s_swapchainObject != nullptr, "EndRenderPass: swapchain object is null");
+                        s_swapchainObject->SetDepthStencilImageLayout(trackedAttachment.swapchainImageIndex,
+                                                                      trackedAttachment.finalLayout);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(false, "EndRenderPass: unsupported tracked attachment target=%d",
+                                        static_cast<Int>(trackedAttachment.target));
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        s_activeRenderPass = {};
+        s_hasActiveRenderPass = false;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    ActiveRenderPassInfo* VkRenderPassManager::GetActiveRenderPass() {
+        return s_hasActiveRenderPass ? &s_activeRenderPass : nullptr;
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkRenderPassManager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkRenderPassManager.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "SwapchainObject.h"
+#include "VkClearManager.h"
+#include "VkTextureManager.h"
+#include "../VkIncludes.h"
+#include "../VulkanRendererConfig.h"
+#include "MG_State/GLState/FramebufferState/FramebufferObject.h"
+
+#include <Includes.h>
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    enum class TrackedAttachmentTarget : Uint8 {
+        Texture,
+        SwapchainColor,
+        SwapchainDepthStencil
+    };
+
+    struct PendingClearAttachmentInfo {
+        Uint32 attachmentIndex = 0;
+        MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture = nullptr;
+    };
+
+    struct TrackedAttachmentLayoutInfo {
+        TrackedAttachmentTarget target = TrackedAttachmentTarget::Texture;
+        MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture = nullptr;
+        Uint32 swapchainImageIndex = 0;
+        VkImageLayout finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
+    };
+
+    struct RenderPassEntry {
+        static inline VkDevice s_device;
+        static inline Vector<VkTextureManager::TextureResource*> s_textureResourcesScratch;
+        Uint64 hash = 0;
+        VkRenderPass renderPass = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        VkFramebuffer framebuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        Uint64 compatibilityHash = 0;
+        Vector<PendingClearAttachmentInfo> pendingClearAttachments;
+        Vector<TrackedAttachmentLayoutInfo> trackedAttachmentLayouts;
+        Uint32 attachmentCount = 0;
+        IntVec2 extent = {0, 0};
+        Uint32 subpass = 0;
+
+        RenderPassEntry() = default;
+        RenderPassEntry(const RenderPassEntry&) = delete;
+        RenderPassEntry(RenderPassEntry&& that) noexcept {
+            std::swap(hash, that.hash);
+            std::swap(renderPass, that.renderPass);
+            std::swap(framebuffer, that.framebuffer);
+            std::swap(compatibilityHash, that.compatibilityHash);
+            std::swap(pendingClearAttachments, that.pendingClearAttachments);
+            std::swap(trackedAttachmentLayouts, that.trackedAttachmentLayouts);
+            std::swap(attachmentCount, that.attachmentCount);
+            std::swap(extent, that.extent);
+            std::swap(subpass, that.subpass);
+        }
+        RenderPassEntry(
+            Uint64 hash,
+            VkRenderPass renderpass,
+            VkFramebuffer framebuffer,
+            Uint64 compatibilityHash,
+            const Vector<PendingClearAttachmentInfo>& pendingClearAttachments,
+            const Vector<TrackedAttachmentLayoutInfo>& trackedAttachmentLayouts,
+            Uint32 attachmentCount,
+            IntVec2 extent, int subpass):
+            hash(hash),
+            renderPass(renderpass),
+            framebuffer(framebuffer),
+            compatibilityHash(compatibilityHash),
+            pendingClearAttachments(Move(pendingClearAttachments)),
+            trackedAttachmentLayouts(Move(trackedAttachmentLayouts)),
+            attachmentCount(attachmentCount),
+            extent(extent),
+            subpass(subpass)
+        {}
+
+        ~RenderPassEntry() {
+            if (renderPass != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+                vkDestroyRenderPass(s_device, renderPass, nullptr);
+            }
+            if (framebuffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+                vkDestroyFramebuffer(s_device, framebuffer, nullptr);
+            }
+        }
+
+        Bool CompatibleWith(const RenderPassEntry& that) const {
+            return this->compatibilityHash == that.compatibilityHash;
+        }
+
+        Bool CompatibleWith(Uint64 compatibilityHash) const {
+            return this->compatibilityHash == compatibilityHash;
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct ActiveRenderPassInfo {
+        Uint64 hash = 0;
+        Uint64 compatibilityHash = 0;
+        Vector<TrackedAttachmentLayoutInfo> trackedAttachmentLayouts;
+        IntVec2 extent = {0, 0};
+
+        Bool CompatibleWith(const RenderPassEntry& that) const {
+            return compatibilityHash == that.compatibilityHash;
+        }
+
+        Bool CompatibleWith(Uint64 thatCompatibilityHash) const {
+            return compatibilityHash == thatCompatibilityHash;
+        }
+    };
+
+    class VkRenderPassManager {
+    public:
+        using HashType = Uint64;
+        VkRenderPassManager(VkDevice device,
+            const VulkanRendererConfig& config, VkClearManager& clearManager, VkTextureManager& textureManager,
+            SwapchainObject& swapchainObject);
+        ~VkRenderPassManager();
+
+        Bool Initialize();
+        void Shutdown();
+
+        HashType ComputeHash(
+            const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& fbo,
+            Uint32 swapchainImageIndex,
+            Bool includePendingClear = true) const;
+        RenderPassEntry& GetOrCreateRenderPass(const MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& fbo, Uint32 swapchainImageIndex);
+        static Bool BeginRenderPass(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, RenderPassEntry& renderPassEntry);
+        static Bool EndRenderPass(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer);
+        static ActiveRenderPassInfo* GetActiveRenderPass();
+    private:
+        VkDevice m_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        const VulkanRendererConfig& m_config;
+        VkClearManager& m_clearManager;
+        VkTextureManager& m_textureManager;
+        SwapchainObject& m_swapchainObject;
+        UnorderedMap<Uint64, RenderPassEntry> m_renderPasses;
+        static inline XXH64_state_t* m_hashState = XXH64_createState();
+        static inline ActiveRenderPassInfo s_activeRenderPass{};
+        static inline Bool s_hasActiveRenderPass = false;
+        static inline VkClearManager* s_clearManager = nullptr;
+        static inline VkTextureManager* s_textureManager = nullptr;
+        static inline SwapchainObject* s_swapchainObject = nullptr;
+    };
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkSamplerManager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkSamplerManager.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#include "VkSamplerManager.h"
+
+#include "MG_State/GLState/Core.h"
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    Bool VkSamplerManager::Initialize(const InitInfo& initInfo) {
+        Shutdown();
+
+        m_device = initInfo.device;
+        m_config = initInfo.config;
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(m_device != VK_NULL_HANDLE && m_config != nullptr,
+                        "VkSamplerManager::Initialize failed: invalid initialization info");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void VkSamplerManager::Shutdown() {
+        for (auto& [_, sampler] : m_samplers) {
+            if (m_device != VK_NULL_HANDLE && sampler.handle != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+                vkDestroySampler(m_device, sampler.handle, nullptr);
+            }
+            sampler.handle = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        }
+        m_samplers.clear();
+
+        m_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        m_config = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    Uint64 VkSamplerManager::BuildSamplerKey(const MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject& sampler) const {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(m_config != nullptr, "VkSamplerManager::BuildSamplerKey: m_config is null");
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_reset(m_hashState, m_config->CacheVersion));
+
+        const auto minFilter = sampler.GetMinFilter();
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &minFilter, sizeof(minFilter)));
+        const auto magFilter = sampler.GetMagFilter();
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &magFilter, sizeof(magFilter)));
+        const auto mipmapMode = sampler.GetMipmapMode();
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &mipmapMode, sizeof(mipmapMode)));
+        const auto wrapS = sampler.GetWrapS();
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &wrapS, sizeof(wrapS)));
+        const auto wrapT = sampler.GetWrapT();
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &wrapT, sizeof(wrapT)));
+        const auto wrapR = sampler.GetWrapR();
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &wrapR, sizeof(wrapR)));
+        const auto minLod = sampler.GetMinLod();
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &minLod, sizeof(minLod)));
+        const auto maxLod = sampler.GetMaxLod();
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &maxLod, sizeof(maxLod)));
+        const auto lodBias = sampler.GetLodBias();
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &lodBias, sizeof(lodBias)));
+        const auto compareMode = sampler.GetCompareMode();
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &compareMode, sizeof(compareMode)));
+        const auto compareFunc = sampler.GetSamplerCompareFunc();
+        XXHASH_VERIFY(XXH64_update(m_hashState, &compareFunc, sizeof(compareFunc)));
+        return XXH64_digest(m_hashState);
+    }
+
+    VkSampler VkSamplerManager::GetOrCreateSampler(const MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject& sampler) {
+        const Uint64 key = BuildSamplerKey(sampler);
+        auto it = m_samplers.find(key);
+        if (it != m_samplers.end()) {
+            return it->second.handle;
+        }
+
+        VkSamplerCreateInfo samplerInfo{};
+        samplerInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_CREATE_INFO;
+        samplerInfo.magFilter = ToVkFilter(sampler.GetMagFilter());
+        samplerInfo.minFilter = ToVkFilter(sampler.GetMinFilter());
+        samplerInfo.mipmapMode = ToVkMipmapMode(sampler.GetMipmapMode());
+        samplerInfo.addressModeU = ToVkAddressMode(sampler.GetWrapS());
+        samplerInfo.addressModeV = ToVkAddressMode(sampler.GetWrapT());
+        samplerInfo.addressModeW = ToVkAddressMode(sampler.GetWrapR());
+        samplerInfo.mipLodBias = sampler.GetLodBias();
+        samplerInfo.anisotropyEnable = VK_FALSE;
+        samplerInfo.maxAnisotropy = 1.0f;
+        samplerInfo.compareEnable = sampler.GetCompareMode() == SamplerCompareMode::CompareToTexture ? VK_TRUE : VK_FALSE;
+        samplerInfo.compareOp = ToVkCompareOp(sampler.GetSamplerCompareFunc());
+        samplerInfo.minLod = sampler.GetMinLod();
+        samplerInfo.maxLod = sampler.GetMaxLod();
+        samplerInfo.borderColor = VK_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_TRANSPARENT_BLACK;
+        samplerInfo.unnormalizedCoordinates = VK_FALSE;
+
+        VkSampler vkSampler = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        VK_VERIFY(vkCreateSampler(m_device, &samplerInfo, nullptr, &vkSampler), "vkCreateSampler(texture)");
+
+        SamplerCacheEntry entry{};
+        entry.handle = vkSampler;
+        entry.externalIndex = sampler.GetExternalIndex();
+        entry.version = sampler.GetVersion();
+        m_samplers[key] = entry;
+        return vkSampler;
+    }
+
+    VkFilter VkSamplerManager::ToVkFilter(SamplerFilterMode mode) {
+        return mode == SamplerFilterMode::Nearest ? VK_FILTER_NEAREST : VK_FILTER_LINEAR;
+    }
+
+    VkSamplerMipmapMode VkSamplerManager::ToVkMipmapMode(SamplerMipmapMode mode) {
+        switch (mode) {
+        case SamplerMipmapMode::Nearest:
+            return VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_NEAREST;
+        case SamplerMipmapMode::Linear:
+            return VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR;
+        case SamplerMipmapMode::None:
+        default:
+            return VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_NEAREST;
+        }
+    }
+
+    VkSamplerAddressMode VkSamplerManager::ToVkAddressMode(SamplerWrapMode mode) {
+        switch (mode) {
+        case SamplerWrapMode::ClampToEdge:
+            return VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE;
+        case SamplerWrapMode::MirroredRepeat:
+            return VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_MIRRORED_REPEAT;
+        case SamplerWrapMode::Repeat:
+            return VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT;
+        case SamplerWrapMode::ClampToBorder:
+            return VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_BORDER;
+        case SamplerWrapMode::MirrorClampToEdge:
+            return VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_MIRROR_CLAMP_TO_EDGE;
+        default:
+            return VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT;
+        }
+    }
+
+    VkCompareOp VkSamplerManager::ToVkCompareOp(SamplerCompareFunc func) {
+        switch (func) {
+        case SamplerCompareFunc::Never:
+            return VK_COMPARE_OP_NEVER;
+        case SamplerCompareFunc::Less:
+            return VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS;
+        case SamplerCompareFunc::Equal:
+            return VK_COMPARE_OP_EQUAL;
+        case SamplerCompareFunc::LessEqual:
+            return VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS_OR_EQUAL;
+        case SamplerCompareFunc::Greater:
+            return VK_COMPARE_OP_GREATER;
+        case SamplerCompareFunc::NotEqual:
+            return VK_COMPARE_OP_NOT_EQUAL;
+        case SamplerCompareFunc::GreaterEqual:
+            return VK_COMPARE_OP_GREATER_OR_EQUAL;
+        case SamplerCompareFunc::Always:
+        default:
+            return VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS;
+        }
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkSamplerManager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkSamplerManager.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../VkIncludes.h"
+#include "../VulkanRendererConfig.h"
+#include <Includes.h>
+#include <MG_State/GLState/SamplerState/SamplerObject.h>
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_State::GLState {
+class SamplerObject;
+}
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+class VkSamplerManager {
+public:
+    struct InitInfo {
+        VkDevice device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        const VulkanRendererConfig* config = nullptr;
+    };
+
+    Bool Initialize(const InitInfo& initInfo);
+    void Shutdown();
+
+    VkSampler GetOrCreateSampler(const MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject& sampler);
+
+private:
+    struct SamplerCacheEntry {
+        VkSampler handle = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        Uint externalIndex = 0;
+        Uint16 version = 0;
+    };
+
+    Uint64 BuildSamplerKey(const MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject& sampler) const;
+    static VkFilter ToVkFilter(SamplerFilterMode mode);
+    static VkSamplerMipmapMode ToVkMipmapMode(SamplerMipmapMode mode);
+    static VkSamplerAddressMode ToVkAddressMode(SamplerWrapMode mode);
+    static VkCompareOp ToVkCompareOp(SamplerCompareFunc func);
+
+    VkDevice m_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    const VulkanRendererConfig* m_config = nullptr;
+    UnorderedMap<Uint64, SamplerCacheEntry> m_samplers;
+    static inline XXH64_state_t* m_hashState = XXH64_createState();
+};
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkTextureManager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,617 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkTextureManager.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#include "VkTextureManager.h"
+
+#include "MG_State/GLState/Core.h"
+#include "MG_Util/Converters/MGToVk/TextureEnumConverter.h"
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    static constexpr VkPipelineStageFlags kGraphicsSampledReadStages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT;
+
+    static Bool IsValidSampledImageLayout(VkImageLayout layout) {
+        switch (layout) {
+        case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL:
+        case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL:
+        case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL:
+        case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL:
+        case VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL:
+            return true;
+        default:
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Bool VkTextureManager::Initialize(const InitInfo& initInfo) {
+        Shutdown();
+
+        m_device = initInfo.device;
+        m_physicalDevice = initInfo.physicalDevice;
+        m_allocator = initInfo.allocator;
+        m_commandPool = initInfo.commandPool;
+        m_graphicsQueue = initInfo.graphicsQueue;
+
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(m_device != VK_NULL_HANDLE && m_physicalDevice != VK_NULL_HANDLE && m_allocator != nullptr &&
+                            m_commandPool != VK_NULL_HANDLE && m_graphicsQueue != VK_NULL_HANDLE,
+                        "VkTextureManager::Initialize failed: invalid initialization info");
+
+        TextureResource::s_device = m_device;
+        TextureResource::s_allocator = m_allocator;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void VkTextureManager::Shutdown() {
+        m_textureResources.clear();
+
+        m_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        m_physicalDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        m_allocator = nullptr;
+        m_commandPool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        m_graphicsQueue = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    }
+
+    VkTextureManager::TextureResource* VkTextureManager::SyncTextureAndGetDescriptor(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture) {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(m_device != VK_NULL_HANDLE, "SyncTextureAndGetDescriptor: m_device == VK_NULL_HANDLE");
+
+        auto it = m_textureResources.find(&texture);
+        if (it == m_textureResources.end()) {
+            TextureResource initial{};
+            auto [insertIt, _] = m_textureResources.emplace(&texture, Move(initial));
+            it = insertIt;
+        }
+
+        if (!SyncTexture(texture, it->second)) {
+            MGLOG_D("%s: Syncing texture %d failed", __func__, texture.GetExternalIndex());
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        return &(it->second);
+    }
+
+    VkImageView VkTextureManager::GetOrCreateViewAtMipLevel(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture, Uint32 mipLevel) {
+        TextureResource* resource = SyncTextureAndGetDescriptor(texture);
+        if (resource == nullptr || resource->image == VK_NULL_HANDLE || mipLevel >= resource->mipLevels) {
+            return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        }
+
+        if (resource->perMipViews.size() != resource->mipLevels) {
+            resource->perMipViews.resize(resource->mipLevels, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+        }
+
+        VkImageView& perMipView = resource->perMipViews[mipLevel];
+        if (perMipView != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+            return perMipView;
+        }
+
+        perMipView = CreateImageView(resource->image, resource->format, resource->aspect, mipLevel, 1);
+        if (perMipView == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+            MGLOG_D("%s: CreateImageView failed for textureId=%d mipLevel=%u", __func__, texture.GetExternalIndex(), mipLevel);
+            return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        }
+
+        return perMipView;
+    }
+
+    void VkTextureManager::UpdateTrackedImageLayout(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture, VkImageLayout newLayout) {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(texture != nullptr, "UpdateTrackedImageLayout: texture is null");
+        auto it = m_textureResources.find(texture);
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(it != m_textureResources.end(),
+                        "UpdateTrackedImageLayout: textureId=%d has no tracked resource", texture->GetExternalIndex());
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(it->second.image != VK_NULL_HANDLE,
+                        "UpdateTrackedImageLayout: textureId=%d has null image", texture->GetExternalIndex());
+        it->second.layout = newLayout;
+    }
+
+    Bool VkTextureManager::TransitionTextureForSampling(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture) {
+        TextureResource* resource = SyncTextureAndGetDescriptor(texture);
+        if (resource == nullptr) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (IsValidSampledImageLayout(resource->layout)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (resource->layout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED) {
+            MGLOG_W("TransitionTextureForSampling: textureId=%d is still in VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED before sampling",
+                    texture.GetExternalIndex());
+        }
+
+        VkImageLayout targetLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
+        VkPipelineStageFlags srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT;
+        VkAccessFlags srcAccessMask = 0;
+        if ((resource->aspect & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT) != 0) {
+            MOBILEGL_ASSERT(resource->layout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED ||
+                            resource->layout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
+                            "TransitionTextureForSampling: unsupported color layout=%d for textureId=%d",
+                            static_cast<Int>(resource->layout), texture.GetExternalIndex());
+            if (resource->layout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL) {
+                srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
+                srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
+            }
+            targetLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
+        } else if ((resource->aspect & (VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT | VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT)) != 0) {
+            MOBILEGL_ASSERT(resource->layout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED ||
+                            resource->layout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
+                            "TransitionTextureForSampling: unsupported depth/stencil layout=%d for textureId=%d",
+                            static_cast<Int>(resource->layout), texture.GetExternalIndex());
+            if (resource->layout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL) {
+                srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT;
+                srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
+            }
+            targetLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
+        } else {
+            MOBILEGL_ASSERT(false, "TransitionTextureForSampling: unsupported aspect mask=0x%x for textureId=%d",
+                            static_cast<Uint32>(resource->aspect), texture.GetExternalIndex());
+        }
+
+        const Bool ok = TransitionImageLayout(commandBuffer, resource->image, resource->layout, targetLayout, srcStageMask,
+                                              kGraphicsSampledReadStages, srcAccessMask,
+                                              VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT, resource->aspect, 0, resource->mipLevels);
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(ok, "TransitionTextureForSampling: transition failed for textureId=%d", texture.GetExternalIndex());
+        return ok;
+    }
+
+    Bool VkTextureManager::TransitionImageLayout(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, VkImage image,
+                                                 VkImageLayout& trackedLayout, VkImageLayout newLayout,
+                                                 VkPipelineStageFlags srcStageMask, VkPipelineStageFlags dstStageMask,
+                                                 VkAccessFlags srcAccessMask, VkAccessFlags dstAccessMask,
+                                                 VkImageAspectFlags aspectMask, Uint32 baseMipLevel, Uint32 levelCount) {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(image != VK_NULL_HANDLE, "TransitionImageLayout: m_image == VK_NULL_HANDLE");
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(!((dstAccessMask & VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT) != 0 &&
+                          (dstStageMask & VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT) == 0),
+                        "TransitionImageLayout: invalid dstAccess/dstStage pair (dstAccess=0x%x, dstStage=0x%x, oldLayout=%d, newLayout=%d)",
+                        static_cast<Uint32>(dstAccessMask), static_cast<Uint32>(dstStageMask), static_cast<Int>(trackedLayout),
+                        static_cast<Int>(newLayout));
+
+        if (trackedLayout == newLayout) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        VkImageMemoryBarrier barrier{};
+        barrier.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
+        barrier.srcAccessMask = srcAccessMask;
+        barrier.dstAccessMask = dstAccessMask;
+        barrier.oldLayout = trackedLayout;
+        barrier.newLayout = newLayout;
+        barrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
+        barrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
+        barrier.image = image;
+        barrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask = aspectMask;
+        barrier.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = baseMipLevel;
+        barrier.subresourceRange.levelCount = levelCount;
+        barrier.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
+        barrier.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
+        vkCmdPipelineBarrier(commandBuffer, srcStageMask, dstStageMask, 0, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 1, &barrier);
+
+        trackedLayout = newLayout;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    SizeT VkTextureManager::CollectGarbage() {
+        m_gcCounter++;
+        if (m_gcCounter != 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        SizeT count = 0;
+        for (const auto& [raw, weak]: m_aliveObjects) {
+            if (weak.expired()) {
+                count++;
+                m_textureResources.erase(raw);
+                m_aliveObjects.erase(raw);
+            }
+        }
+        return count;
+    }
+
+    Bool VkTextureManager::SyncTexture(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject &texture,
+                                       TextureResource &outResource) {
+        TextureUploadTarget uploadTarget = TextureUploadTarget::Unknown;
+        IntVec3 texelSize{0, 0, 0};
+        SizeT byteSize = 0;
+        Uint32 mipLevelCount = 0;
+        if (!CheckMipmapCompleteness(texture, uploadTarget, texelSize, byteSize, mipLevelCount)) {
+            MGLOG_D("%s: mipmap not complete", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto* mipTexture = dynamic_cast<MG_State::GLState::TextureObjectMipmap*>(&texture);
+        if (!mipTexture) {
+            MGLOG_D("%s: not TextureObjectMipmap", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!SyncTextureResource(texture, uploadTarget, texelSize, byteSize, mipLevelCount, outResource)) {
+            MGLOG_D("%s: SyncTextureResource failed", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!SyncTextureViews(texture, outResource)) {
+            MGLOG_D("%s: SyncTextureViews failed", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        Bool hasDirtyMipLevel = false;
+        for (Uint32 level = 0; level < mipLevelCount; ++level) {
+            if (mipTexture->IsStorageDirty(uploadTarget, level)) {
+                hasDirtyMipLevel = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!hasDirtyMipLevel) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (!UploadDirtyMipLevels(*mipTexture, uploadTarget, outResource)) {
+            MGLOG_D("%s: UploadDirtyMipLevels failed", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool VkTextureManager::SyncTextureResource(const MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject &texture,
+                                               TextureUploadTarget uploadTarget,
+                                               const IntVec3 &texelSize, SizeT byteSize, Uint32 mipLevels,
+                                               TextureResource &resource) {
+        const VkFormat format = MG_Util::ConvertTextureInternalFormatToVkEnum(texture.GetFormat());
+        if (format == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {
+            MGLOG_D("%s: format == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (texelSize.x() <= 0 || texelSize.y() <= 0 /*|| byteSize == 0*/) {
+            MGLOG_D("%s: texelSize or byteSize is zero", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (mipLevels == 0) {
+            MGLOG_D("%s: no mip levels", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (uploadTarget != TextureUploadTarget::Texture2D) {
+            MGLOG_D("%s: not Texture2D, unsupported", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const Bool compatible = resource.image != VK_NULL_HANDLE && resource.format == format &&
+                                resource.extent.width == static_cast<Uint32>(texelSize.x()) &&
+                                resource.extent.height == static_cast<Uint32>(texelSize.y()) &&
+                                resource.mipLevels == mipLevels;
+        if (compatible) {
+            if (resource.perMipViews.size() != mipLevels) {
+                resource.perMipViews.resize(mipLevels, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+         resource.Reset();
+
+        auto aspect = GetAspectMaskForFormat(format);
+
+        VkImageCreateInfo imageInfo{};
+        imageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
+        imageInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
+        imageInfo.extent.width = static_cast<Uint32>(texelSize.x());
+        imageInfo.extent.height = static_cast<Uint32>(texelSize.y());
+        imageInfo.extent.depth = 1;
+        imageInfo.mipLevels = mipLevels;
+        imageInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
+        imageInfo.format = format;
+        imageInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
+        imageInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
+        imageInfo.usage =
+            VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT |
+            ((aspect & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT) ?
+                VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT : 0) |
+            ((aspect & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT || aspect & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT) ?
+                VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT : 0);
+        imageInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
+        imageInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
+        VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocationInfo{};
+        allocationInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_DEVICE;
+        allocationInfo.requiredFlags = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;
+        VK_VERIFY(vmaCreateImage(m_allocator, &imageInfo, &allocationInfo, &resource.image, &resource.allocation, nullptr),
+                  "vmaCreateImage(texture)");
+
+        resource.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
+        resource.extent = {static_cast<Uint32>(texelSize.x()), static_cast<Uint32>(texelSize.y())};
+        resource.mipLevels = mipLevels;
+        resource.perMipViews.assign(mipLevels, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+        resource.sampledBaseMipLevel = 0;
+        resource.sampledLevelCount = mipLevels;
+        resource.format = format;
+        resource.aspect = aspect;
+        resource.syncedTextureParamsVersion = 0;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool VkTextureManager::SyncTextureViews(const MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture, TextureResource& resource) {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(resource.image != VK_NULL_HANDLE, "SyncTextureViews: image == VK_NULL_HANDLE");
+
+        Uint32 baseMipLevel = 0;
+        Uint32 levelCount = 1;
+        ResolveViewMipRange(texture, resource.mipLevels, baseMipLevel, levelCount);
+
+        const Bool needsRecreate =
+            resource.fullView == VK_NULL_HANDLE ||
+            resource.sampledBaseMipLevel != baseMipLevel ||
+            resource.sampledLevelCount != levelCount ||
+            resource.syncedTextureParamsVersion != texture.GetTextureParamsVersion();
+        if (!needsRecreate) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (resource.fullView != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+            vkDestroyImageView(m_device, resource.fullView, nullptr);
+            resource.fullView = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        }
+
+        resource.fullView = CreateImageView(resource.image, resource.format, resource.aspect, baseMipLevel, levelCount);
+        if (resource.fullView == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        resource.sampledBaseMipLevel = baseMipLevel;
+        resource.sampledLevelCount = levelCount;
+        resource.syncedTextureParamsVersion = texture.GetTextureParamsVersion();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    VkImageView VkTextureManager::CreateImageView(VkImage image, VkFormat format, VkImageAspectFlags aspect,
+                                                  Uint32 baseMipLevel, Uint32 levelCount) const {
+        VkImageViewCreateInfo viewInfo{};
+        viewInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
+        viewInfo.image = image;
+        viewInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
+        viewInfo.format = format;
+        viewInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = aspect;
+        viewInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = baseMipLevel;
+        viewInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = levelCount;
+        viewInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
+        viewInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
+
+        VkImageView view = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        VK_VERIFY(vkCreateImageView(m_device, &viewInfo, nullptr, &view), "vkCreateImageView(texture)");
+        return view;
+    }
+
+    Bool VkTextureManager::UploadDirtyMipLevels(MG_State::GLState::TextureObjectMipmap &mipmapTexture,
+                                        TextureUploadTarget uploadTarget,
+                                        TextureResource &outResource) {
+        struct UploadItem {
+            Uint32 level = 0;
+            SizeT byteSize = 0;
+            IntVec3 texelSize = {0, 0, 0};
+            const void* source = nullptr;
+            VkDeviceSize offset = 0;
+        };
+
+        Vector<UploadItem> uploadItems;
+        uploadItems.reserve(outResource.mipLevels);
+
+        VkDeviceSize stagingSize = 0;
+        for (Uint32 level = 0; level < outResource.mipLevels; ++level) {
+            if (!mipmapTexture.IsStorageDirty(uploadTarget, level)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const auto texelSize = mipmapTexture.GetMipmapTexelSize(uploadTarget, level);
+            const auto byteSize = mipmapTexture.GetMipmapByteSize(uploadTarget, level);
+            if (texelSize.x() <= 0 || texelSize.y() <= 0 || byteSize == 0) {
+                mipmapTexture.MarkStorageDirty(uploadTarget, level, false);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const void* source = mipmapTexture.MapMipmapData(uploadTarget, level);
+            if (source == nullptr) {
+                MGLOG_D("%s: MapmipmapData failed at level %d", __func__, level);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            uploadItems.push_back({level, byteSize, texelSize, source, stagingSize});
+            stagingSize += static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(byteSize);
+        }
+
+        if (uploadItems.empty()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        VkBuffer stagingBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        VmaAllocation stagingAllocation = nullptr;
+
+        VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo{};
+        bufferInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
+        bufferInfo.size = stagingSize;
+        bufferInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
+        bufferInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
+        VmaAllocationCreateInfo stagingAllocationInfo{};
+        stagingAllocationInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_HOST;
+        stagingAllocationInfo.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT;
+        stagingAllocationInfo.requiredFlags = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT;
+        VK_VERIFY(vmaCreateBuffer(m_allocator, &bufferInfo, &stagingAllocationInfo, &stagingBuffer, &stagingAllocation, nullptr),
+                  "vmaCreateBuffer(staging texture)");
+
+        void* mapped = nullptr;
+        VK_VERIFY(vmaMapMemory(m_allocator, stagingAllocation, &mapped), "vmaMapMemory(staging texture)");
+        for (const auto& item : uploadItems) {
+            std::memcpy(static_cast<Uint8*>(mapped) + item.offset, item.source, item.byteSize);
+        }
+        vmaUnmapMemory(m_allocator, stagingAllocation);
+
+        VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo{};
+        allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
+        allocInfo.commandPool = m_commandPool;
+        allocInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
+        allocInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
+
+        VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        VK_VERIFY(vkAllocateCommandBuffers(m_device, &allocInfo, &commandBuffer), "vkAllocateCommandBuffers(texture)");
+
+        VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo{};
+        beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
+        beginInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT;
+        VK_VERIFY(vkBeginCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, &beginInfo), "vkBeginCommandBuffer(texture)");
+
+        const VkImageAspectFlags aspectMask = GetAspectMaskForFormat(outResource.format);
+        Bool ok = TransitionImageLayout(commandBuffer, outResource.image,
+                              outResource.layout,
+                              VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
+                              outResource.layout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL ?
+                                  kGraphicsSampledReadStages :
+                                  VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT,
+                              VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
+                              outResource.layout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL ? VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT : 0,
+                              VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT,
+                              aspectMask, 0, outResource.mipLevels);
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(ok, "TransitionImageLayout to VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL failed");
+
+        for (const auto& item : uploadItems) {
+            VkBufferImageCopy copy{};
+            copy.bufferOffset = item.offset;
+            copy.bufferRowLength = 0;
+            copy.bufferImageHeight = 0;
+            copy.imageSubresource.aspectMask = aspectMask;
+            copy.imageSubresource.mipLevel = item.level;
+            copy.imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
+            copy.imageSubresource.layerCount = 1;
+            copy.imageOffset = {0, 0, 0};
+            copy.imageExtent = {static_cast<Uint32>(item.texelSize.x()), static_cast<Uint32>(item.texelSize.y()), 1};
+            vkCmdCopyBufferToImage(commandBuffer, stagingBuffer, outResource.image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
+                                   1, &copy);
+        }
+
+        ok = TransitionImageLayout(commandBuffer, outResource.image,
+                                        outResource.layout,
+                                        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL,
+                                        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
+                                        kGraphicsSampledReadStages,
+                                        VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT,
+                                        VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
+                                        aspectMask, 0, outResource.mipLevels);
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(ok, "TransitionImageLayout to VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL failed");
+        outResource.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
+
+        VK_VERIFY(vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffer), "vkEndCommandBuffer(texture)");
+
+        VkSubmitInfo submitInfo{};
+        submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
+        submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
+        submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &commandBuffer;
+
+        VkFenceCreateInfo fenceInfo{};
+        fenceInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO;
+        VkFence uploadFence = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        VK_VERIFY(vkCreateFence(m_device, &fenceInfo, nullptr, &uploadFence), "vkCreateFence(texture upload)");
+
+        VK_VERIFY(vkQueueSubmit(m_graphicsQueue, 1, &submitInfo, uploadFence), "vkQueueSubmit(texture)");
+        VK_VERIFY(vkWaitForFences(m_device, 1, &uploadFence, VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX), "vkWaitForFences(texture upload)");
+        vkDestroyFence(m_device, uploadFence, nullptr);
+        vkFreeCommandBuffers(m_device, m_commandPool, 1, &commandBuffer);
+
+        vmaDestroyBuffer(m_allocator, stagingBuffer, stagingAllocation);
+
+        if (!ok) {
+            MGLOG_D("%s: texture upload cmd failed", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (const auto& item : uploadItems) {
+            mipmapTexture.MarkStorageDirty(uploadTarget, item.level, false);
+        }
+        outResource.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool VkTextureManager::CheckMipmapCompleteness(const MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture,
+                                                   TextureUploadTarget& outTarget,
+                                                   IntVec3& outTexelSize,
+                                                   SizeT& outByteSize,
+                                                   Uint32& outMipLevelCount) {
+        const auto* mipTexture = dynamic_cast<const MG_State::GLState::TextureObjectMipmap*>(&texture);
+        if (!mipTexture) {
+            MGLOG_D("%s: not TextureObjectMipmap", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+        const auto& targets = texture.GetUploadTargets();
+        if (targets.empty()) {
+            MGLOG_D("%s: upload target empty", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        for (const auto target : targets) {
+            const Uint32 mipLevelCount = GetUploadMipLevelCount(*mipTexture, target);
+            if (mipLevelCount == 0) {
+                MGLOG_D("%s: mipLevelCount == 0", __func__);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Backing VkImage allocation still uses storage mip 0 as the physical image extent.
+            // GL_TEXTURE_BASE_LEVEL / MAX_LEVEL are applied later when building the sampled view.
+            const auto storageBaseTexelSize = mipTexture->GetMipmapTexelSize(target, 0);
+            const auto storageBaseByteSize = mipTexture->GetMipmapByteSize(target, 0);
+            if (storageBaseTexelSize.x() <= 0 || storageBaseTexelSize.y() <= 0 /*|| storageBaseByteSize == 0*/) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            outTarget = target;
+            outTexelSize = storageBaseTexelSize;
+            outByteSize = storageBaseByteSize;
+            outMipLevelCount = mipLevelCount;
+            return true;
+        }
+        MGLOG_D("%s: no valid target or mipmap", __func__);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    Uint32 VkTextureManager::GetUploadMipLevelCount(const MG_State::GLState::TextureObjectMipmap& texture,
+                                                    TextureUploadTarget target) {
+        const Uint totalLevelCount = texture.GetMipmapLevelCount();
+        if (totalLevelCount == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        Uint32 validLevelCount = 0;
+        for (Uint level = 0; level < totalLevelCount; ++level) {
+            const auto size = texture.GetMipmapTexelSize(target, level);
+            const auto byteSize = texture.GetMipmapByteSize(target, level);
+            if (size.x() <= 0 || size.y() <= 0 /*|| byteSize == 0*/) {
+                break;
+            }
+            ++validLevelCount;
+        }
+        return validLevelCount;
+    }
+
+    void VkTextureManager::ResolveViewMipRange(const MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture, Uint32 mipLevels,
+                                               Uint32& outBaseMipLevel, Uint32& outLevelCount) {
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(mipLevels > 0, "ResolveViewMipRange: mipLevels must be > 0");
+
+        const auto& levelRange = texture.GetLevelRange();
+        const Uint32 maxAvailableMipLevel = mipLevels - 1;
+        const Uint32 requestedBaseMipLevel = std::min(static_cast<Uint32>(levelRange.x()), maxAvailableMipLevel);
+        Uint32 requestedMaxMipLevel = std::min(static_cast<Uint32>(levelRange.y()), maxAvailableMipLevel);
+        if (requestedMaxMipLevel < requestedBaseMipLevel) {
+            requestedMaxMipLevel = requestedBaseMipLevel;
+        }
+
+        outBaseMipLevel = requestedBaseMipLevel;
+        outLevelCount = requestedMaxMipLevel - requestedBaseMipLevel + 1;
+    }
+
+    VkImageAspectFlags VkTextureManager::GetAspectMaskForFormat(VkFormat format) {
+        switch (format) {
+        case VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM:
+        case VK_FORMAT_X8_D24_UNORM_PACK32:
+        case VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT:
+            return VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;
+        case VK_FORMAT_S8_UINT:
+            return VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT;
+        case VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM_S8_UINT:
+        case VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT:
+        case VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT:
+            return VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT | VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT;
+        default:
+            return VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
+        }
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkTextureManager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VkTextureManager.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../VkIncludes.h"
+#include <Includes.h>
+#include <MG_State/GLState/TextureState/TextureObject.h>
+#include <vk_mem_alloc.h>
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_State::GLState {
+class ITextureObject;
+}
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+class VkTextureManager {
+public:
+    struct InitInfo {
+        VkDevice device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        VmaAllocator allocator = nullptr;
+        VkCommandPool commandPool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        VkQueue graphicsQueue = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    };
+
+    struct TextureResource {
+        VkImage image = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        VmaAllocation allocation = nullptr;
+        VkImageView fullView = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        Vector<VkImageView> perMipViews;
+        VkImageLayout layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
+        VkExtent2D extent = {0, 0};
+        Uint32 mipLevels = 1;
+        Uint32 sampledBaseMipLevel = 0;
+        Uint32 sampledLevelCount = 1;
+        VkFormat format = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+        VkImageAspectFlags aspect = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_NONE;
+        Uint16 syncedTextureParamsVersion = 0;
+
+        TextureResource() = default;
+        TextureResource(const TextureResource&) = delete;
+        TextureResource(TextureResource&& that) noexcept {
+            std::swap(this->image, that.image);
+            std::swap(this->allocation, that.allocation);
+            std::swap(this->fullView, that.fullView);
+            std::swap(this->perMipViews, that.perMipViews);
+            std::swap(this->layout, that.layout);
+            std::swap(this->extent, that.extent);
+            std::swap(this->mipLevels, that.mipLevels);
+            std::swap(this->sampledBaseMipLevel, that.sampledBaseMipLevel);
+            std::swap(this->sampledLevelCount, that.sampledLevelCount);
+            std::swap(this->format, that.format);
+            std::swap(this->aspect, that.aspect);
+            std::swap(this->syncedTextureParamsVersion, that.syncedTextureParamsVersion);
+        }
+
+        void Reset() {
+            if (fullView != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+                vkDestroyImageView(s_device, fullView, nullptr);
+            }
+            for (const auto attachmentView : perMipViews) {
+                if (attachmentView != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+                    vkDestroyImageView(s_device, attachmentView, nullptr);
+                }
+            }
+            if (image != VK_NULL_HANDLE && allocation != nullptr) {
+                vmaDestroyImage(s_allocator, image, allocation);
+            }
+            fullView = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            perMipViews.clear();
+            image = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            allocation = nullptr;
+            layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
+            extent = {0, 0};
+            mipLevels = 1;
+            sampledBaseMipLevel = 0;
+            sampledLevelCount = 1;
+            format = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+            aspect = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_NONE;
+            syncedTextureParamsVersion = 0;
+        }
+
+        ~TextureResource() {
+            Reset();
+        }
+
+        static inline VkDevice s_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        static inline VmaAllocator s_allocator = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    };
+
+    Bool Initialize(const InitInfo& initInfo);
+    void Shutdown();
+
+    TextureResource* SyncTextureAndGetDescriptor(
+        MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture);
+    VkImageView GetOrCreateViewAtMipLevel(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture, Uint32 mipLevel);
+    void UpdateTrackedImageLayout(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject* texture, VkImageLayout newLayout);
+    Bool TransitionTextureForSampling(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture);
+
+    static Bool TransitionImageLayout(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, VkImage image, VkImageLayout& trackedLayout,
+                               VkImageLayout newLayout, VkPipelineStageFlags srcStageMask,
+                               VkPipelineStageFlags dstStageMask, VkAccessFlags srcAccessMask,
+                               VkAccessFlags dstAccessMask, VkImageAspectFlags aspectMask,
+                               Uint32 baseMipLevel = 0, Uint32 levelCount = 1);
+
+    SizeT CollectGarbage();
+private:
+
+    Bool SyncTexture(MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject &texture,
+                     TextureResource &outResource);
+    Bool SyncTextureResource(const MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject &texture,
+                             TextureUploadTarget uploadTarget,
+                             const IntVec3 &texelSize, SizeT byteSize, Uint32 mipLevels,
+                             TextureResource &resource);
+    Bool SyncTextureViews(const MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture, TextureResource& resource);
+    VkImageView CreateImageView(VkImage image, VkFormat format, VkImageAspectFlags aspect,
+                                Uint32 baseMipLevel, Uint32 levelCount) const;
+    Bool UploadDirtyMipLevels(MG_State::GLState::TextureObjectMipmap &mipmapTexture,
+                      TextureUploadTarget uploadTarget,
+                      TextureResource &outResource);
+    static Bool CheckMipmapCompleteness(const MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture,
+                                        TextureUploadTarget& outTarget,
+                                        IntVec3& outTexelSize,
+                                        SizeT& outByteSize,
+                                        Uint32& outMipLevelCount);
+    static Uint32 GetUploadMipLevelCount(const MG_State::GLState::TextureObjectMipmap& texture, TextureUploadTarget target);
+    static void ResolveViewMipRange(const MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture, Uint32 mipLevels,
+                                    Uint32& outBaseMipLevel, Uint32& outLevelCount);
+    static VkImageAspectFlags GetAspectMaskForFormat(VkFormat format);
+
+    VkDevice m_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    VkPhysicalDevice m_physicalDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    VmaAllocator m_allocator = nullptr;
+    VkCommandPool m_commandPool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    VkQueue m_graphicsQueue = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+    Uint8 m_gcCounter = 0;
+    UnorderedMap<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject*, WeakPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>> m_aliveObjects;
+    UnorderedMap<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject*, TextureResource> m_textureResources;
+};
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VulkanRenderer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VulkanRenderer.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#pragma once
+#include "Config.h"
+#include "FrameContext.h"
+#include "PipelineFactory.h"
+#include "ProgramFactory.h"
+#include "SwapchainObject.h"
+#include "UniformManager.h"
+#include "VertexInputStateFactory.h"
+#include "VkBufferObject.h"
+#include "VkBufferManager.h"
+#include "VkClearManager.h"
+#include "VkRenderPassManager.h"
+#include "VkSamplerManager.h"
+#include "VkTextureManager.h"
+#include "MG_Util/Math/VectorTypes.h"
+#include <Includes.h>
+#include <vk_mem_alloc.h>
+
+#include "../VkIncludes.h"
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_State::GLState {
+    class FramebufferObject;
+    class ProgramObject;
+    class SamplerObject;
+    class VertexArrayObject;
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_State::GLState
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    enum class DrawSetupAspect: Uint8 {
+        FramebufferObject  = 1 << 0,
+        VertexArrayObject  = 1 << 1,
+        UniformBuffer      = 1 << 2,
+        VertexBuffer       = 1 << 3,
+        IndexBuffer        = 1 << 4,
+        IndirectDrawBuffer = 1 << 5,
+        Viewport           = 1 << 6,
+        Scissor            = 1 << 7,
+    };
+
+    struct DrawCmdParam {
+        Uint32 vertexCount = 0;
+        Uint32 instanceCount = 1;
+        Uint32 firstVertex = 0;
+        Uint32 firstInstance = 0;
+    };
+
+    struct DrawIndexedCmdParam {
+        Uint32 indexCount = 0;
+        Uint32 instanceCount = 1;
+        Uint32 firstIndex = 0;
+        Int32 vertexOffset = 0;
+        Int32 firstInstance = 0;
+    };
+
+    struct DrawCmd {
+        GLenum mode = GL_TRIANGLES;
+        DrawCmdParam params;
+    };
+
+    struct IndexBufferView {
+        GLenum indexType = GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT;
+        SizeT indexByteOffset = 0;
+        SizeT indexByteSize = 0;
+    };
+
+    struct DrawIndexedCmd {
+        GLenum mode = GL_TRIANGLES;
+        IndexBufferView indexBufferView;
+
+        DrawIndexedCmdParam params;
+    };
+
+    struct MultiDrawIndexedCmd {
+        GLenum mode = GL_TRIANGLES;
+        IndexBufferView indexBufferView;
+
+        Uint32 drawCount = 0;
+        DrawIndexedCmdParam* pParams = nullptr;
+    };
+
+    struct QueueFamilyIndices {
+        Int32 graphicsFamily = -1;
+        Int32 presentFamily = -1;
+    };
+
+    struct PhysicalDevice {
+        QueueFamilyIndices queueFamilies;
+        VkPhysicalDeviceProperties properties;
+        VkPhysicalDevice handle = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+        Bool IsComplete() const {
+            return handle != VK_NULL_HANDLE && queueFamilies.graphicsFamily != -1 && queueFamilies.presentFamily != -1;
+        }
+    };
+
+    class VulkanRenderer {
+    public:
+        VulkanRenderer(NativeWindowType window, const VulkanRendererConfig& cfg = {});
+        ~VulkanRenderer();
+
+        void Initialize();
+        void Shutdown();
+
+        Bool SetupDraw(FrameContext::FrameData& frame, GLenum mode, Flags<DrawSetupAspect> aspects,
+                       const IndexBufferView* pIndexBufferView = nullptr);
+        void ClearAttachmentsOnActiveRenderPass(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer,
+                                                const RenderPassEntry& compatibleRenderPassEntry);
+
+        void Clear(GLbitfield mask);
+        void BlitFramebuffer(GLint srcX0, GLint srcY0, GLint srcX1, GLint srcY1,
+                             GLint dstX0, GLint dstY0, GLint dstX1, GLint dstY1,
+                             GLbitfield mask, GLenum filter);
+        void DrawArrays(const DrawCmd& payload);
+        void DrawElements(const DrawIndexedCmd& payload);
+        void MultiDrawElements(const MultiDrawIndexedCmd& payloads);
+        void Present();
+
+        const PhysicalDevice& GetPhysicalDevice() const;
+        Bool IsDrawIndirectCountExtensionEnabled() const;
+
+        void RecreateSwapchain();
+
+    private:
+        struct BlitUniformData {
+            float srcRect[4] = {0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 1.f};
+            float dstRect[4] = {0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 1.f};
+            Int surfaceTransform = 0;
+            Int padding[3] = {0, 0, 0};
+        };
+
+        struct BlitResources {
+            SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject> program;
+            SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject> nearestSampler;
+            SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::SamplerObject> linearSampler;
+            Int srcRectLocation = -1;
+            Int dstRectLocation = -1;
+            Int surfaceTransformLocation = -1;
+            Uint32 samplerBinding = 0;
+        };
+
+        NativeWindowType m_window = 0;
+        VulkanRendererConfig m_config;
+
+        // Vulkan objects
+        Bool m_validationLayersEnabled = false;
+        Vector<VkExtensionProperties> m_extensions;
+        VkInstance m_instance = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT m_debugMessenger = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        PhysicalDevice m_physicalDevice;
+        VkDevice m_device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        VmaAllocator m_allocator = nullptr;
+        VkSurfaceKHR m_surface = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        SwapchainObject m_swapchainObject;
+
+        VkQueue m_graphicsQueue = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        VkQueue m_presentQueue = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        Bool m_drawIndirectCountExtensionEnabled = false;
+        Bool m_indexTypeUint8ExtensionEnabled = false;
+        using PFNDrawIndexedIndirectCountFunc = void(VKAPI_PTR*)(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, VkBuffer buffer,
+                                                                 VkDeviceSize offset, VkBuffer countBuffer,
+                                                                 VkDeviceSize countBufferOffset, Uint32 maxDrawCount,
+                                                                 Uint32 stride);
+        static inline PFNDrawIndexedIndirectCountFunc s_vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount = nullptr;
+
+        VkCommandPool m_commandPool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+        VkBufferManager m_bufferManager;
+        Vector<const MG_State::GLState::BufferObject*> m_transientVertexIndexBuffersThisFrame;
+
+        Uint m_imageIndexAcquired = 0;
+        FrameContext m_frameContext;
+
+        UniquePtr<PipelineFactory> m_pipelineFactory;
+        UniquePtr<ProgramFactory> m_programFactory;
+        UniquePtr<UniformManager> m_uniformManager;
+        UniquePtr<VertexInputStateFactory> m_vertexInputStateFactory;
+        UniquePtr<VkClearManager> m_clearManager;
+        UniquePtr<VkRenderPassManager> m_renderPassManager;
+        UniquePtr<VkTextureManager> m_textureManager;
+        UniquePtr<VkSamplerManager> m_samplerManager;
+        BlitResources m_blitResources;
+
+        void CreateInstance();
+        VkResult SetupDebugMessenger();
+        VkResult DestroyDebugMessenger();
+        VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT PopulateDebugMessengerCreateInfo();
+        void CreateSurface();
+        void PickPhysicalDevice();
+        void CreateLogicalDeviceAndQueues();
+        void CreateAllocator();
+        void DestroyAllocator();
+        void CreateSwapchain();
+        void CreateCommandPool();
+
+        VkPipeline GetOrCreatePipeline(
+            GLenum mode,
+            const MG_State::GLState::ProgramObject& program,
+            const MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject& vao,
+            const RenderPassEntry& renderPassEntry);
+
+        Bool UploadAndBindVertexBuffers(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, const MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject& vao);
+        Bool UploadAndBindIndexBuffer(FrameContext::FrameData& frame,
+                                     const MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject& vao,
+                                      const IndexBufferView* pIndexBufferView = nullptr);
+        Bool InitializeBlitResources();
+        void ShutdownBlitResources();
+        Bool TryBlitToDefaultFramebufferWithShader(FrameContext::FrameData& frame,
+                                                   MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& readFbo,
+                                                   MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject& drawFbo,
+                                                   GLint srcX0, GLint srcY0, GLint srcX1, GLint srcY1,
+                                                   GLint dstX0, GLint dstY0, GLint dstX1, GLint dstY1,
+                                                   GLenum filter);
+        Bool MaterializePendingClearForTexture(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer,
+                                               MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject& texture);
+        VkPipeline GetOrCreateBlitPipeline(const RenderPassEntry& renderPassEntry);
+
+        void ShutdownSwapchain();
+
+        // Static functions
+        static Int GetPresentQueueFamilyIndex(const PhysicalDevice& physicalDevice, VkSurfaceKHR surface,
+                                              const Vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties>& queueFamilies,
+                                              Int preferredFamilyIndex = -1);
+        static Vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> GetQueueFamilyFromPhysicalDevice(VkPhysicalDevice device);
+        static Int GetQueueFamilyIndex(const Vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties>& queueFamilies, VkQueueFlagBits flag);
+        static Vector<VkExtensionProperties> EnumerateInstanceExtensions();
+        static Vector<VkExtensionProperties> EnumerateDeviceExtensions(VkPhysicalDevice device);
+        static Bool IsExtensionSupported(const Vector<VkExtensionProperties>& availableExtensions,
+                                         const char* extensionName);
+        static Bool IsExtensionAlreadyEnabled(const Vector<const char*>& enabledExtensions, const char* extensionName);
+        static Bool EnableOptionalDeviceExtension(const Vector<VkExtensionProperties>& availableExtensions,
+                                                  Vector<const char*>& inOutEnabledExtensions,
+                                                  const char* extensionName);
+        void ResolveOptionalDeviceExtensions(const Vector<VkExtensionProperties>& availableExtensions,
+                                             Vector<const char*>& inOutEnabledExtensions);
+        static Bool IsNecessaryDeviceExtensionSupported(VkPhysicalDevice device);
+        static Bool GetMoreCapablePhysicalDevice(VkPhysicalDevice newVkDevice, VkSurfaceKHR surface,
+                                                 const PhysicalDevice& compareWithDevice,
+                                                 PhysicalDevice& outBetterDevice);
+        static constexpr const char* s_validationLayerNames[] = {"VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation"};
+        static constexpr const char* s_deviceExtensionNames[] = {VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME};
+        static Bool CheckValidationLayerSupport();
+
+        static VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL DebugCallback(VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT messageSeverity,
+                                                            VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT messageType,
+                                                            const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT* pCallbackData,
+                                                            void* pUserData);
+    };
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/VkIncludes.h

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/VkIncludes.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "VulkanRendererConfig.h"
+
+#define VK_VERIFY(expr, ...)                                                                                           \
+    do {                                                                                                               \
+        VkResult _vk_verify_result = (expr);                                                                           \
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(_vk_verify_result == VK_SUCCESS, "Vulkan error %d at %s:%d" __VA_OPT__(" - ") __VA_ARGS__, _vk_verify_result, __FILE__, __LINE__);  \
+    } while (0)
+
+#define ENUM_STR_CASE(c) case c: return #c;
+
+#define XXHASH_VERIFY(expr, ...)                                                                                       \
+    do {                                                                                                               \
+        XXH_errorcode _xxh_verify_result = (expr);                                                                     \
+        MOBILEGL_ASSERT(_xxh_verify_result == XXH_OK, "XXHash error %d at %s:%d" __VA_OPT__(" - ") __VA_ARGS__, _xxh_verify_result, __FILE__, __LINE__);  \
+    } while (0)

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/VmaImpl.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Impl/Init.h
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/VmaImpl.cpp
 // Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
 // Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
 //   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
@@ -6,10 +6,5 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
 // End of Source File Header
 
-#include <Includes.h>
-
-namespace MobileGL {
-    namespace MG_Impl {
-        void Init();
-    } // namespace MG_Impl
-} // namespace MobileGL
+#define VMA_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include <vk_mem_alloc.h>

MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/VulkanRendererConfig.h

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// MobileGL - MobileGL/MG_Backend/DirectVulkan/Renderer/VulkanRendererConfig.h
+// Copyright (c) 2025-2026 MobileGL-Dev
+// Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0:
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
+//   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.txt
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// End of Source File Header
+
+#pragma once
+#include "Config.h"
+
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan {
+    struct VulkanRendererConfig {
+        Uint32 MaxFramesInFlight = 2;
+        String AppName = "MobileGL-VulkanRenderer";
+        MobileGL::Version Version = MG_Config::CoreVersion;
+        Uint64 CacheVersion = MG_Config::CacheVersion;
+        Bool EnableValidationLayers = true;
+    };
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend::DirectVulkan

MobileGL/MG_Backend/Init.cpp

@@ -52,6 +52,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Backend {
         case BackendType::DirectGLES:
             pActiveBackendObject = MakeUnique<DirectGLES::BackendObject_DirectGLES>();
             break;
+        case BackendType::DirectVulkan:
+            pActiveBackendObject = MakeUnique<DirectVulkan::BackendObject_DirectVulkan>();
+            break;
         case BackendType::Unknown:
         default:
             MGLOG_W("Unknown backend type, defaulting to unknown backend");

MobileGL/MG_Benchmark/Buffer/BufferBench.cpp

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ static void BM_CreateBufferObjectsAndBindBuffer(benchmark::State& state) {
 BENCHMARK(BM_CreateBufferObjectsAndBindBuffer)->Unit(benchmark::kMillisecond)->UseRealTime();
 
 static void BM_DeleteBufferObjects(benchmark::State& state) {
-    MG_Initialize();
+    Initialize();
     std::vector<GLuint> buffers(BUFFER_COUNT);
 
     for (auto _ : state) {
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ static void BM_UpdateDataPartially(benchmark::State& state) {
 BENCHMARK(BM_UpdateDataPartially)->Unit(benchmark::kMillisecond)->UseRealTime();
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-    MG_Initialize();
+    Initialize();
     benchmark ::MaybeReenterWithoutASLR(argc, argv);
     char arg0_default[] = "benchmark";
     char* args_default = reinterpret_cast<char*>(arg0_default);

MobileGL/MG_Benchmark/Program/ProgramBench.cpp

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ void main(){
     // Use TestMat2 and TestMat3 to prevent optimization
     vec2 dummy2 = TestMat2[0];
     vec3 dummy3 = TestMat3[0];
-    
+
     oneTexel = (1.0 * (fIn1 * fIn2 * fIn3 * fIn4 * fIn5 * fIn6)) / InSize;
 
     texCoord = Position.xy / OutSize;
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ static void BM_CompileAndLink(benchmark::State& state) {
 BENCHMARK(BM_CompileAndLink)->Unit(benchmark::kMillisecond);
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-    MG_Initialize();
+    Initialize();
     benchmark ::MaybeReenterWithoutASLR(argc, argv);
     char arg0_default[] = "benchmark";
     char* args_default = reinterpret_cast<char*>(arg0_default);
@@ -234,4 +234,4 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     ::benchmark ::RunSpecifiedBenchmarks();
     ::benchmark ::Shutdown();
     return 0;
-}
+}

MobileGL/MG_Impl/EGLImpl/EGLImpl.cpp

@@ -9,178 +9,451 @@
 #include "EGLImpl.h"
 #include "../GetProcAddress.h"
 #include <MG_Backend/BackendObjects.h>
+#include <MG_State/EGLState/Core.h>
+#include <type_traits>
 
 namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::EGLImpl {
+    namespace {
+        using EGLStateContext = MG_State::EGLState::EGLContext;
+
+        EGLStateContext* GetState() {
+            if (!MG_State::pEGLContext) {
+                MGLOG_E("pEGLContext is null. MG_State may not be initialized.");
+            }
+            return MG_State::pEGLContext.get();
+        }
+
+        MG_Backend::BackendObject* GetBackendObject(EGLStateContext* state) {
+            auto* backendObject = MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject.get();
+            if (!backendObject && state) {
+                state->SetError(EGL_NOT_INITIALIZED);
+            }
+            return backendObject;
+        }
+
+        MG_Backend::WindowBackend DetectWindowBackend() {
+#if defined(ANDROID) || defined(__ANDROID__)
+            return MG_Backend::WindowBackend::Android;
+#else
+            return MG_Backend::WindowBackend::Unknown;
+#endif
+        }
+
+        template <typename NativeType>
+        Bool IsNullNativeHandle(NativeType nativeHandle) {
+            if constexpr (std::is_pointer_v<NativeType>) {
+                return nativeHandle == nullptr;
+            } else {
+                return nativeHandle == 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        template <typename NativeType>
+        void* ToVoidHandle(NativeType nativeHandle) {
+            if constexpr (std::is_pointer_v<NativeType>) {
+                return reinterpret_cast<void*>(nativeHandle);
+            } else {
+                return reinterpret_cast<void*>(static_cast<SizeT>(nativeHandle));
+            }
+        }
+    } // namespace
+
     EGLSurface CreateWindowSurface(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLConfig config, NativeWindowType window,
                                    const EGLint* attrib_list) {
-        MGLOG_D("EGLImpl::CreateWindowSurface called with window=%p", window);
-        const auto& activeBackendObject = MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject;
-        if (!activeBackendObject) {
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_NO_SURFACE;
+        }
+        if (!state->IsDisplayInitialized(dpy)) {
+            state->SetError(EGL_NOT_INITIALIZED);
+            return EGL_NO_SURFACE;
+        }
+        if (!state->ValidateConfigOnDisplay(dpy, config)) {
+            state->SetError(EGL_BAD_CONFIG);
+            return EGL_NO_SURFACE;
+        }
+        if (IsNullNativeHandle(window)) {
+            state->SetError(EGL_BAD_NATIVE_WINDOW);
+            return EGL_NO_SURFACE;
+        }
+
+        auto* backendObject = GetBackendObject(state);
+        if (!backendObject) {
             MGLOG_E("activeBackendObject not initialized!");
             return EGL_NO_SURFACE;
         }
-        activeBackendObject->SetWindowHandle({MG_Backend::WindowBackend::Android, reinterpret_cast<void*>(window)});
-        activeBackendObject->InitWindowSurface();
-        return (EGLSurface)1;
+
+        const MG_Backend::WindowHandle windowHandle = {
+            .Backend = DetectWindowBackend(),
+            .Handle = ToVoidHandle(window),
+        };
+        if (!backendObject->CreateEGLWindowSurface(windowHandle)) {
+            state->SetError(EGL_BAD_NATIVE_WINDOW);
+            return EGL_NO_SURFACE;
+        }
+
+        return state->CreateWindowSurface(dpy, config, window, attrib_list);
     }
 
     EGLBoolean SwapBuffers(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface draw) {
-        MGLOG_D("EGLImpl::SwapBuffers called with dpy=%p", dpy);
-        if (!MG_Backend::gBackendFunctionsTable.Present) {
-            MGLOG_E("MG_Backend::gBackendFunctionsTable.Present not initialized!");
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+        if (!state->ValidateSurfaceOnDisplay(dpy, draw)) {
+            state->SetError(EGL_BAD_SURFACE);
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+
+        auto* backendObject = GetBackendObject(state);
+        if (!backendObject) {
+            MGLOG_E("activeBackendObject not initialized!");
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+        if (!backendObject->SwapEGLBuffers(dpy, draw)) {
+            state->SetError(EGL_BAD_SURFACE);
             return EGL_FALSE;
         }
-        MG_Backend::gBackendFunctionsTable.Present();
         return EGL_TRUE;
     }
 
     EGLBoolean ChooseConfig(EGLDisplay dpy, const EGLint* attrib_list, EGLConfig* configs, EGLint config_size,
                             EGLint* num_config) {
-        *num_config = 1;
-        return EGL_TRUE;
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+        return state->ChooseConfig(dpy, attrib_list, configs, config_size, num_config) ? EGL_TRUE : EGL_FALSE;
     }
 
     EGLContext CreateContext(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLConfig config, EGLContext shareCtx, const EGLint* attrib_list) {
-        return (EGLContext)1;
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_NO_CONTEXT;
+        }
+        return state->CreateContext(dpy, config, shareCtx, attrib_list);
     }
 
     EGLBoolean Initialize(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLint* major, EGLint* minor) {
-        if (major) *major = 1;
-        if (minor) *minor = 5;
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+        if (!state->InitializeDisplay(dpy, major, minor)) {
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+
+        auto* backendObject = GetBackendObject(state);
+        if (!backendObject) {
+            MGLOG_E("activeBackendObject not initialized!");
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+        if (!backendObject->InitializeEGLDisplay(dpy, major, minor)) {
+            state->SetError(EGL_NOT_INITIALIZED);
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
         return EGL_TRUE;
     }
 
     EGLDisplay GetDisplay(NativeDisplayType display) {
-        return (EGLDisplay)1;
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_NO_DISPLAY;
+        }
+        return state->GetDisplay(display);
     }
 
     EGLint GetError() {
-        return EGL_SUCCESS;
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_NOT_INITIALIZED;
+        }
+        return state->ConsumeError();
     }
 
     EGLBoolean MakeCurrent(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface draw, EGLSurface read, EGLContext ctx) {
-        MGLOG_D("EGLImpl::CreateWindowSurface called with window=%p", window);
-        const auto& activeBackendObject = MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject;
-        if (!activeBackendObject) {
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+
+        const auto oldDisplay = state->GetCurrentDisplay();
+        const auto oldDraw = state->GetCurrentSurface(EGL_DRAW);
+        const auto oldRead = state->GetCurrentSurface(EGL_READ);
+        const auto oldContext = state->GetCurrentContext();
+
+        if (!state->MakeCurrent(dpy, draw, read, ctx)) {
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+
+        const Bool releaseCurrentRequest =
+            dpy == EGL_NO_DISPLAY && draw == EGL_NO_SURFACE && read == EGL_NO_SURFACE && ctx == EGL_NO_CONTEXT;
+        if (releaseCurrentRequest) {
+            if (auto* backendObject = MG_Backend::pActiveBackendObject.get()) {
+                (void)backendObject->MakeEGLCurrent(dpy, draw, read, ctx);
+            }
+            return EGL_TRUE;
+        }
+
+        auto* backendObject = GetBackendObject(state);
+        if (!backendObject) {
             MGLOG_E("activeBackendObject not initialized!");
+            state->MakeCurrent(oldDisplay, oldDraw, oldRead, oldContext);
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+        if (!backendObject->MakeEGLCurrent(dpy, draw, read, ctx)) {
+            state->SetError(EGL_BAD_ACCESS);
+            state->MakeCurrent(oldDisplay, oldDraw, oldRead, oldContext);
             return EGL_FALSE;
         }
-        activeBackendObject->InitCapabilities();
         return EGL_TRUE;
     }
 
     EGLBoolean DestroyContext(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLContext ctx) {
-        return EGL_TRUE;
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+        return state->DestroyContext(dpy, ctx) ? EGL_TRUE : EGL_FALSE;
     }
 
     EGLBoolean DestroySurface(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface surface) {
-        return EGL_TRUE;
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+        return state->DestroySurface(dpy, surface) ? EGL_TRUE : EGL_FALSE;
     }
 
     EGLBoolean Terminate(EGLDisplay dpy) {
-        return EGL_TRUE;
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+        return state->TerminateDisplay(dpy) ? EGL_TRUE : EGL_FALSE;
     }
 
     EGLBoolean ReleaseThread() {
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+        state->ReleaseThread();
         return EGL_TRUE;
     }
 
     EGLContext GetCurrentContext() {
-        return (EGLContext)1;
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_NO_CONTEXT;
+        }
+        return state->GetCurrentContext();
     }
 
     EGLBoolean GetConfigAttrib(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLConfig config, EGLint attribute, EGLint* value) {
-        if (attribute == EGL_NATIVE_VISUAL_ID) {
-#if defined(ANDROID)
-            *value = AHARDWAREBUFFER_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+        return state->GetConfigAttrib(dpy, config, attribute, value) ? EGL_TRUE : EGL_FALSE;
+    }
+
+    EGLBoolean BindAPI(EGLenum api) {
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+        switch (api) {
+        case EGL_OPENGL_API:
+        case EGL_OPENGL_ES_API:
+        case EGL_OPENVG_API:
+            state->SetBoundAPI(api);
             return EGL_TRUE;
-#elif defined(__linux__)
-            *value = 0;
-            return EGL_TRUE;
-#elif defined(_WIN32)
-            *value = 0;
-            return EGL_TRUE;
-#else
-            *value = 0;
+        default:
+            state->SetError(EGL_BAD_PARAMETER);
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    EGLSurface GetCurrentSurface(EGLint readdraw) {
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_NO_SURFACE;
+        }
+        return state->GetCurrentSurface(readdraw);
+    }
+
+    EGLBoolean QuerySurface(EGLDisplay display, EGLSurface surface, EGLint attribute, EGLint* value) {
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+        return state->QuerySurface(display, surface, attribute, value) ? EGL_TRUE : EGL_FALSE;
+    }
+
+    char const* QueryString(EGLDisplay display, EGLint name) {
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        if (display != EGL_NO_DISPLAY && !state->ValidateDisplay(display)) {
+            state->SetError(EGL_BAD_DISPLAY);
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        switch (name) {
+        case EGL_VENDOR:
+            return "MobileGL";
+        case EGL_VERSION:
+            return "1.5 MobileGL";
+        case EGL_CLIENT_APIS:
+            return "OpenGL OpenGL_ES";
+        case EGL_EXTENSIONS:
+            return "";
+        default:
+            state->SetError(EGL_BAD_PARAMETER);
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    EGLBoolean SwapInterval(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLint interval) {
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+        return state->SwapInterval(dpy, interval) ? EGL_TRUE : EGL_FALSE;
+    }
+
+    EGLSurface CreatePbufferSurface(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLConfig config, const EGLint* attrib_list) {
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_NO_SURFACE;
+        }
+        return state->CreatePbufferSurface(dpy, config, attrib_list);
+    }
+
+    EGLBoolean BindTexImage(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface surface, EGLint buffer) {
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+        if (!state->ValidateSurfaceOnDisplay(dpy, surface)) {
+            state->SetError(EGL_BAD_SURFACE);
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+        if (buffer != EGL_BACK_BUFFER) {
+            state->SetError(EGL_BAD_PARAMETER);
             return EGL_FALSE;
-#endif
         }
         return EGL_TRUE;
     }
 
-    EGLBoolean BindAPI(EGLenum api) {
-        return EGL_TRUE;
-    }
-
-    EGLSurface GetCurrentSurface(EGLint readdraw) {
-        return (EGLSurface)1;
-    }
-
-    EGLBoolean QuerySurface(EGLDisplay display, EGLSurface surface, EGLint attribute, EGLint* value) {
-        return EGL_TRUE;
-    }
-
-    char const* QueryString(EGLDisplay display, EGLint name) {
-        return "";
-    }
-
-    EGLBoolean SwapInterval(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLint interval) {
-        return EGL_TRUE;
-    }
-
-    EGLSurface CreatePbufferSurface(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLConfig config, const EGLint* attrib_list) {
-        return (EGLSurface)1;
-    }
-
-    EGLBoolean BindTexImage(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface surface, EGLint buffer) {
-        return EGL_TRUE;
-    }
-
     EGLBoolean ReleaseTexImage(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface surface, EGLint buffer) {
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+        if (!state->ValidateSurfaceOnDisplay(dpy, surface)) {
+            state->SetError(EGL_BAD_SURFACE);
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+        if (buffer != EGL_BACK_BUFFER) {
+            state->SetError(EGL_BAD_PARAMETER);
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
         return EGL_TRUE;
     }
 
     EGLBoolean CopyBuffers(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface surface, EGLNativePixmapType target) {
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+        if (!state->ValidateSurfaceOnDisplay(dpy, surface)) {
+            state->SetError(EGL_BAD_SURFACE);
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+        if (IsNullNativeHandle(target)) {
+            state->SetError(EGL_BAD_NATIVE_PIXMAP);
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
         return EGL_TRUE;
     }
 
     EGLSurface CreatePbufferFromClientBuffer(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLenum buftype, EGLClientBuffer buffer, EGLConfig config,
                                              const EGLint* attrib_list) {
-        return (EGLSurface)1;
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_NO_SURFACE;
+        }
+        return state->CreatePbufferFromClientBuffer(dpy, buftype, buffer, config, attrib_list);
     }
 
     EGLSurface CreatePixmapSurface(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLConfig config, EGLNativePixmapType pixmap,
                                    const EGLint* attrib_list) {
-        return (EGLSurface)1;
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_NO_SURFACE;
+        }
+        return state->CreatePixmapSurface(dpy, config, pixmap, attrib_list);
     }
 
     EGLBoolean GetConfigs(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLConfig* configs, EGLint config_size, EGLint* num_config) {
-        if (num_config) {
-            *num_config = 1;
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_FALSE;
         }
-        if (configs && config_size > 0) {
-            configs[0] = (EGLConfig)1;
-        }
-        return EGL_TRUE;
+        return state->GetConfigs(dpy, configs, config_size, num_config) ? EGL_TRUE : EGL_FALSE;
     }
 
     EGLDisplay GetCurrentDisplay() {
-        return (EGLDisplay)1;
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_NO_DISPLAY;
+        }
+        return state->GetCurrentDisplay();
     }
 
     EGLenum QueryAPI() {
-        return EGL_OPENGL_API;
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_OPENGL_API;
+        }
+        return state->GetBoundAPI();
     }
 
     EGLBoolean QueryContext(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLContext ctx, EGLint attribute, EGLint* value) {
-        if (value) {
-            *value = 1;
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_FALSE;
         }
-        return EGL_TRUE;
+        return state->QueryContext(dpy, ctx, attribute, value) ? EGL_TRUE : EGL_FALSE;
     }
 
     EGLBoolean SurfaceAttrib(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSurface surface, EGLint attribute, EGLint value) {
-        return EGL_TRUE;
+        (void)value;
+
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+        if (!state->ValidateSurfaceOnDisplay(dpy, surface)) {
+            state->SetError(EGL_BAD_SURFACE);
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+
+        switch (attribute) {
+        case EGL_MIPMAP_LEVEL:
+        case EGL_SWAP_BEHAVIOR:
+        case EGL_TEXTURE_FORMAT:
+        case EGL_TEXTURE_TARGET:
+        case EGL_MIPMAP_TEXTURE:
+            return EGL_TRUE;
+        default:
+            state->SetError(EGL_BAD_ATTRIBUTE);
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
     }
 
     EGLBoolean WaitClient() {
@@ -192,60 +465,132 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::EGLImpl {
     }
 
     EGLBoolean WaitNative(EGLint engine) {
+        (void)engine;
         return EGL_TRUE;
     }
 
     EGLSync CreateSync(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLenum type, const EGLAttrib* attrib_list) {
-        return reinterpret_cast<EGLSync>(0x1);
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_NO_SYNC;
+        }
+        return state->CreateSync(dpy, type, attrib_list);
     }
 
-    EGLBoolean DestroySync(void* dpy, void* sync) {
-        return EGL_TRUE;
+    EGLBoolean DestroySync(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSync sync) {
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+        return state->DestroySync(dpy, sync) ? EGL_TRUE : EGL_FALSE;
     }
 
     EGLint ClientWaitSync(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSync sync, EGLint flags, EGLTime timeout) {
-        return EGL_CONDITION_SATISFIED;
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+        return state->ClientWaitSync(dpy, sync, flags, timeout);
     }
 
     EGLBoolean GetSyncAttrib(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSync sync, EGLint attribute, EGLAttrib* value) {
-        if (value) {
-            *value = 1;
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_FALSE;
         }
-        return EGL_TRUE;
+        return state->GetSyncAttrib(dpy, sync, attribute, value) ? EGL_TRUE : EGL_FALSE;
     }
 
     EGLImage CreateImage(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLContext ctx, EGLenum target, EGLClientBuffer buffer,
                          const EGLAttrib* attrib_list) {
-        return reinterpret_cast<EGLImage>(0x1);
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_NO_IMAGE;
+        }
+        return state->CreateImage(dpy, ctx, target, buffer, attrib_list);
     }
 
     EGLBoolean DestroyImage(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLImage image) {
-        return EGL_TRUE;
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+        return state->DestroyImage(dpy, image) ? EGL_TRUE : EGL_FALSE;
     }
 
     EGLDisplay GetPlatformDisplay(EGLenum platform, void* native_display, const EGLAttrib* attrib_list) {
-        return reinterpret_cast<EGLDisplay>(0x1);
+        (void)attrib_list;
+
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_NO_DISPLAY;
+        }
+        return state->GetPlatformDisplay(platform, native_display);
     }
 
     EGLSurface CreatePlatformWindowSurface(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLConfig config, void* native_window,
                                            const EGLAttrib* attrib_list) {
-        return reinterpret_cast<EGLSurface>(0x1);
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_NO_SURFACE;
+        }
+        if (native_window == nullptr) {
+            state->SetError(EGL_BAD_NATIVE_WINDOW);
+            return EGL_NO_SURFACE;
+        }
+        if (!state->IsDisplayInitialized(dpy)) {
+            state->SetError(EGL_NOT_INITIALIZED);
+            return EGL_NO_SURFACE;
+        }
+        if (!state->ValidateConfigOnDisplay(dpy, config)) {
+            state->SetError(EGL_BAD_CONFIG);
+            return EGL_NO_SURFACE;
+        }
+
+        auto* backendObject = GetBackendObject(state);
+        if (!backendObject) {
+            MGLOG_E("activeBackendObject not initialized!");
+            return EGL_NO_SURFACE;
+        }
+
+        const MG_Backend::WindowHandle windowHandle = {
+            .Backend = DetectWindowBackend(),
+            .Handle = native_window,
+        };
+        if (!backendObject->CreateEGLWindowSurface(windowHandle)) {
+            state->SetError(EGL_BAD_NATIVE_WINDOW);
+            return EGL_NO_SURFACE;
+        }
+
+        return state->CreatePlatformWindowSurface(dpy, config, native_window, attrib_list);
     }
 
     EGLSurface CreatePlatformPixmapSurface(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLConfig config, void* native_pixmap,
                                            const EGLAttrib* attrib_list) {
-        return reinterpret_cast<EGLSurface>(0x1);
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_NO_SURFACE;
+        }
+        return state->CreatePlatformPixmapSurface(dpy, config, native_pixmap, attrib_list);
     }
 
-    EGLBoolean WaitSync(void* dpy, void* sync, int flags) {
-        return EGL_TRUE;
+    EGLBoolean WaitSync(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSync sync, EGLint flags) {
+        auto* state = GetState();
+        if (!state) {
+            return EGL_FALSE;
+        }
+        return state->WaitSync(dpy, sync, flags) ? EGL_TRUE : EGL_FALSE;
     }
 
     __eglMustCastToProperFunctionPointerType GetProcAddress(const char* name) {
+        if (!name) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
         MGLOG_D("eglGetProcAddress(%s)", name);
         void* proc = MG_Impl::GetProcAddress(name);
         if (!proc) {
-            MGLOG_W("Failed to get function: %s", (const char*)name);
+            MGLOG_W("Failed to get function: %s", name);
             return nullptr;
         }
         return (__eglMustCastToProperFunctionPointerType)proc;

MobileGL/MG_Impl/EGLImpl/EGLImpl.h

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::EGLImpl {
     EGLBoolean WaitGL();
     EGLBoolean WaitNative(EGLint engine);
     EGLSync CreateSync(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLenum type, const EGLAttrib* attrib_list);
-    EGLBoolean DestroySync(void* dpy, void* sync);
+    EGLBoolean DestroySync(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSync sync);
     EGLint ClientWaitSync(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSync sync, EGLint flags, EGLTime timeout);
     EGLBoolean GetSyncAttrib(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSync sync, EGLint attribute, EGLAttrib* value);
     EGLImage CreateImage(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLContext ctx, EGLenum target, EGLClientBuffer buffer,
@@ -59,6 +59,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::EGLImpl {
                                            const EGLAttrib* attrib_list);
     EGLSurface CreatePlatformPixmapSurface(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLConfig config, void* native_pixmap,
                                            const EGLAttrib* attrib_list);
-    EGLBoolean WaitSync(void* dpy, void* sync, int flags);
+    EGLBoolean WaitSync(EGLDisplay dpy, EGLSync sync, EGLint flags);
     __eglMustCastToProperFunctionPointerType GetProcAddress(const char* name);
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::EGLImpl

MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Buffer/GL_Buffer.h

@@ -9,24 +9,22 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <Includes.h>
 
-namespace MobileGL {
-    namespace MG_Impl::GLImpl {
-        /* @INSERTION_POINT:FUNCTION_DECLARATION@ */
-        void GetBufferParameteriv(GLenum target, GLenum pname, GLint* params);
-        GLboolean IsBuffer(GLuint buffer);
-        void DeleteBuffers(GLsizei n, const GLuint* buffers);
-        void FlushMappedBufferRange(GLenum target, GLintptr offset, GLsizeiptr length);
-        GLboolean UnmapBuffer(GLenum target);
-        void* MapBufferRange(GLenum target, GLintptr offset, GLsizeiptr length, GLbitfield access);
-        void* MapBuffer(GLenum target, GLenum access);
-        void CopyBufferSubData(GLenum readTarget, GLenum writeTarget, GLintptr readOffset, GLintptr writeOffset,
-                               GLsizeiptr size);
-        void BufferSubData(GLenum target, GLintptr offset, GLsizeiptr size, const void* data);
-        void BufferData(GLenum target, GLsizeiptr size, const void* data, GLenum usage);
-        void BindBuffer(GLenum target, GLuint buffer);
-        void GenBuffers(GLsizei n, GLuint* buffers);
-        void BindBufferBase(GLenum target, GLuint index, GLuint buffer);
-        void BindBufferRange(GLenum target, GLuint index, GLuint buffer, GLintptr offset, GLsizeiptr size);
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
+    /* @INSERTION_POINT:FUNCTION_DECLARATION@ */
+    void GetBufferParameteriv(GLenum target, GLenum pname, GLint* params);
+    GLboolean IsBuffer(GLuint buffer);
+    void DeleteBuffers(GLsizei n, const GLuint* buffers);
+    void FlushMappedBufferRange(GLenum target, GLintptr offset, GLsizeiptr length);
+    GLboolean UnmapBuffer(GLenum target);
+    void* MapBufferRange(GLenum target, GLintptr offset, GLsizeiptr length, GLbitfield access);
+    void* MapBuffer(GLenum target, GLenum access);
+    void CopyBufferSubData(GLenum readTarget, GLenum writeTarget, GLintptr readOffset, GLintptr writeOffset,
+                           GLsizeiptr size);
+    void BufferSubData(GLenum target, GLintptr offset, GLsizeiptr size, const void* data);
+    void BufferData(GLenum target, GLsizeiptr size, const void* data, GLenum usage);
+    void BindBuffer(GLenum target, GLuint buffer);
+    void GenBuffers(GLsizei n, GLuint* buffers);
+    void BindBufferBase(GLenum target, GLuint index, GLuint buffer);
+    void BindBufferRange(GLenum target, GLuint index, GLuint buffer, GLintptr offset, GLsizeiptr size);
 
-    } // namespace MG_Impl::GLImpl
-} // namespace MobileGL
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl

MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Buffer/Validators.cpp

@@ -13,105 +13,100 @@
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToGL/BufferEnumConverter.h>
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToStr/BufferEnumConverter.h>
 
-namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
-    namespace BufferImpl {
-        Bool ValidateBufferTarget(BufferTarget target) {
-            if (target == BufferTarget::Unknown) {
-                using namespace MG_Util;
-                String bufferTargetStr = ConvertBufferTargetToString(target);
-                String glTargetStr = ConvertGLEnumToString(ConvertBufferTargetToGLEnum(target));
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>(
-                        "MG_Impl/GLImpl/BufferImpl", "ValidateBufferTarget",
-                        std::format("Target {} ({}) is not valid.", bufferTargetStr, glTargetStr)));
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            if (target == BufferTarget::Index && MG_State::pGLContext->GetBoundVertexArray() == nullptr) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                                                  MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl/BufferImpl",
-                                                                               "ValidateBufferTarget",
-                                                                               "No vertex array object is bound."));
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        Bool ValidateBufferBindingPointTarget(BufferTarget target) {
-            if (target != BufferTarget::Uniform && target != BufferTarget::AtomicCounter &&
-                target != BufferTarget::TransformFeedback && target != BufferTarget::ShaderStorage) {
-                using namespace MG_Util;
-                String bufferTargetStr = ConvertBufferTargetToString(target);
-                String glTargetStr = ConvertGLEnumToString(ConvertBufferTargetToGLEnum(target));
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>(
-                        "MG_Impl/GLImpl/BufferImpl", "ValidateBufferTarget",
-                        std::format("Target {} ({}) is not valid.", bufferTargetStr, glTargetStr)));
-                return false;
-            }
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        Bool ValidateBufferName(Uint index, Bool allowZero) {
-            if (index == 0) {
-                if (allowZero) return true;
-
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                                                  MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl/BufferImpl",
-                                                                               "ValidateBufferName",
-                                                                               "Buffer name 0 is not valid."));
-                return false;
-            }
-            Bool isValid = MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateBufferName(index);
-            if (isValid) return true;
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::BufferImpl {
+    Bool ValidateBufferTarget(BufferTarget target) {
+        if (target == BufferTarget::Unknown) {
+            using namespace MG_Util;
+            String bufferTargetStr = ConvertBufferTargetToString(target);
+            String glTargetStr = ConvertGLEnumToString(ConvertBufferTargetToGLEnum(target));
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl/BufferImpl", "ValidateBufferName",
-                                             std::format("Buffer name {} is not valid.", index)));
+                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum, MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
+                                            "MG_Impl/GLImpl/BufferImpl", "ValidateBufferTarget",
+                                            std::format("Target {} ({}) is not valid.", bufferTargetStr, glTargetStr)));
             return false;
         }
 
-        Bool ValidateBufferUsage(BufferUsage usage) {
-            if (usage != BufferUsage::Unknown) {
-                return true;
-            }
+        if (target == BufferTarget::Index && MG_State::pGLContext->GetBoundVertexArray() == nullptr) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
+                                              MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl/BufferImpl",
+                                                                           "ValidateBufferTarget",
+                                                                           "No vertex array object is bound."));
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool ValidateBufferBindingPointTarget(BufferTarget target) {
+        if (target != BufferTarget::Uniform && target != BufferTarget::AtomicCounter &&
+            target != BufferTarget::TransformFeedback && target != BufferTarget::ShaderStorage) {
             using namespace MG_Util;
-            String bufferUsageStr = ConvertBufferUsageToString(usage);
-            String glUsageStr = ConvertGLEnumToString(ConvertBufferUsageToGLEnum(usage));
+            String bufferTargetStr = ConvertBufferTargetToString(target);
+            String glTargetStr = ConvertGLEnumToString(ConvertBufferTargetToGLEnum(target));
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum, MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
+                                            "MG_Impl/GLImpl/BufferImpl", "ValidateBufferTarget",
+                                            std::format("Target {} ({}) is not valid.", bufferTargetStr, glTargetStr)));
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool ValidateBufferName(Uint index, Bool allowZero) {
+        if (index == 0) {
+            if (allowZero) return true;
+
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidValue, MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl/BufferImpl", "ValidateBufferName",
+                                                                      "Buffer name 0 is not valid."));
+            return false;
+        }
+        Bool isValid = MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateBufferName(index);
+        if (isValid) return true;
+        MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+            ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
+            MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl/BufferImpl", "ValidateBufferName",
+                                         std::format("Buffer name {} is not valid.", index)));
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    Bool ValidateBufferUsage(BufferUsage usage) {
+        if (usage != BufferUsage::Unknown) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        using namespace MG_Util;
+        String bufferUsageStr = ConvertBufferUsageToString(usage);
+        String glUsageStr = ConvertGLEnumToString(ConvertBufferUsageToGLEnum(usage));
+        MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+            ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
+            MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
+                "MG_Impl/GLImpl/BufferImpl", "ValidateBufferUsage",
+                std::format("Usage {} ({}) is not one of the allowable values.", bufferUsageStr, glUsageStr)));
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    Bool ValidateBufferMappingAccess(Flags<BufferMappingAccessBit> accessBits) {
+        if (accessBits == BufferMappingAccessBit::Null) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
+                                              MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl/BufferImpl",
+                                                                           "ValidateBufferMappingAccess",
+                                                                           "Access bits cannot be null."));
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const auto validBits = BufferMappingAccessBit::Read | BufferMappingAccessBit::Write |
+                               BufferMappingAccessBit::InvalidateRange | BufferMappingAccessBit::InvalidateBuffer |
+                               BufferMappingAccessBit::FlushExplicit | BufferMappingAccessBit::Unsynchronized |
+                               BufferMappingAccessBit::Persistent | BufferMappingAccessBit::Coherent;
+
+        if ((accessBits & validBits) != accessBits) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                 ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>(
-                    "MG_Impl/GLImpl/BufferImpl", "ValidateBufferUsage",
-                    std::format("Usage {} ({}) is not one of the allowable values.", bufferUsageStr, glUsageStr)));
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl/BufferImpl", "ValidateBufferMappingAccess",
+                                             "Access bits cannot contain invalid flags."));
             return false;
         }
 
-        Bool ValidateBufferMappingAccess(Flags<BufferMappingAccessBit> accessBits) {
-            if (accessBits == BufferMappingAccessBit::Null) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                                                  MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl/BufferImpl",
-                                                                               "ValidateBufferMappingAccess",
-                                                                               "Access bits cannot be null."));
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            const auto validBits = BufferMappingAccessBit::Read | BufferMappingAccessBit::Write |
-                                   BufferMappingAccessBit::InvalidateRange | BufferMappingAccessBit::InvalidateBuffer |
-                                   BufferMappingAccessBit::FlushExplicit | BufferMappingAccessBit::Unsynchronized |
-                                   BufferMappingAccessBit::Persistent | BufferMappingAccessBit::Coherent;
-
-            if ((accessBits & validBits) != accessBits) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl/BufferImpl", "ValidateBufferMappingAccess",
-                                                 "Access bits cannot contain invalid flags."));
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            return true;
-        }
-    } // namespace BufferImpl
-} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl
+        return true;
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::BufferImpl

MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Buffer/Validators.h

@@ -10,12 +10,10 @@
 #include <Includes.h>
 #include <MG_State/GLState/BufferState/BufferObject.h>
 
-namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
-    namespace BufferImpl {
-        Bool ValidateBufferTarget(BufferTarget target);
-        Bool ValidateBufferName(Uint index, Bool allowZero = false);
-        Bool ValidateBufferUsage(BufferUsage usage);
-        Bool ValidateBufferMappingAccess(Flags<BufferMappingAccessBit> accessBits);
-        Bool ValidateBufferBindingPointTarget(BufferTarget target);
-    } // namespace BufferImpl
-} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::BufferImpl {
+    Bool ValidateBufferTarget(BufferTarget target);
+    Bool ValidateBufferName(Uint index, Bool allowZero = false);
+    Bool ValidateBufferUsage(BufferUsage usage);
+    Bool ValidateBufferMappingAccess(Flags<BufferMappingAccessBit> accessBits);
+    Bool ValidateBufferBindingPointTarget(BufferTarget target);
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::BufferImpl

MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Drawing/GL_Drawing.h

@@ -9,34 +9,31 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <Includes.h>
 
-namespace MobileGL {
-    namespace MG_Impl::GLImpl {
-        /* @INSERTION_POINT:FUNCTION_DECLARATION@ */
-        void MultiDrawElementsIndirect(GLenum mode, GLenum type, const void* indirect, GLsizei drawcount,
-                                       GLsizei stride);
-        void MultiDrawArraysIndirect(GLenum mode, const void* indirect, GLsizei drawcount, GLsizei stride);
-        void DrawRangeElementsBaseVertex(GLenum mode, GLuint start, GLuint end, GLsizei count, GLenum type,
-                                         const void* indices, GLint basevertex);
-        void DrawRangeElements(GLenum mode, GLuint start, GLuint end, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices);
-        void DrawElementsInstancedBaseVertexBaseInstance(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices,
-                                                         GLsizei instancecount, GLint basevertex, GLuint baseinstance);
-        void DrawElementsInstancedBaseVertex(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices,
-                                             GLsizei instancecount, GLint basevertex);
-        void DrawElementsInstancedBaseInstance(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices,
-                                               GLsizei instancecount, GLuint baseinstance);
-        void DrawElementsInstanced(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices, GLsizei instancecount);
-        void DrawElementsIndirect(GLenum mode, GLenum type, const void* indirect);
-        void DrawArraysInstancedBaseInstance(GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count, GLsizei instancecount,
-                                             GLuint baseinstance);
-        void DrawArraysInstanced(GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count, GLsizei instancecount);
-        void DrawArraysIndirect(GLenum mode, const void* indirect);
-        void DrawElementsBaseVertex(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices, GLint basevertex);
-        void DrawArrays(GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count);
-        void MultiDrawElements(GLenum mode, const GLsizei* count, GLenum type, const void* const* indices,
-                               GLsizei drawcount);
-        void MultiDrawElementsBaseVertex(GLenum mode, const GLsizei* count, GLenum type, const void* const* indices,
-                                         GLsizei drawcount, const GLint* basevertex);
-        void Clear(GLbitfield mask);
-        void DrawElements(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices);
-    } // namespace MG_Impl::GLImpl
-} // namespace MobileGL
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
+    /* @INSERTION_POINT:FUNCTION_DECLARATION@ */
+    void MultiDrawElementsIndirect(GLenum mode, GLenum type, const void* indirect, GLsizei drawcount, GLsizei stride);
+    void MultiDrawArraysIndirect(GLenum mode, const void* indirect, GLsizei drawcount, GLsizei stride);
+    void DrawRangeElementsBaseVertex(GLenum mode, GLuint start, GLuint end, GLsizei count, GLenum type,
+                                     const void* indices, GLint basevertex);
+    void DrawRangeElements(GLenum mode, GLuint start, GLuint end, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices);
+    void DrawElementsInstancedBaseVertexBaseInstance(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices,
+                                                     GLsizei instancecount, GLint basevertex, GLuint baseinstance);
+    void DrawElementsInstancedBaseVertex(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices,
+                                         GLsizei instancecount, GLint basevertex);
+    void DrawElementsInstancedBaseInstance(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices,
+                                           GLsizei instancecount, GLuint baseinstance);
+    void DrawElementsInstanced(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices, GLsizei instancecount);
+    void DrawElementsIndirect(GLenum mode, GLenum type, const void* indirect);
+    void DrawArraysInstancedBaseInstance(GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count, GLsizei instancecount,
+                                         GLuint baseinstance);
+    void DrawArraysInstanced(GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count, GLsizei instancecount);
+    void DrawArraysIndirect(GLenum mode, const void* indirect);
+    void DrawElementsBaseVertex(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices, GLint basevertex);
+    void DrawArrays(GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count);
+    void MultiDrawElements(GLenum mode, const GLsizei* count, GLenum type, const void* const* indices,
+                           GLsizei drawcount);
+    void MultiDrawElementsBaseVertex(GLenum mode, const GLsizei* count, GLenum type, const void* const* indices,
+                                     GLsizei drawcount, const GLint* basevertex);
+    void Clear(GLbitfield mask);
+    void DrawElements(GLenum mode, GLsizei count, GLenum type, const void* indices);
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl

MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Framebuffer/GL_Framebuffer.cpp

@@ -38,11 +38,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
         RenderbufferTarget rbTarget = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToRenderbufferTarget(target);
         if (!FramebufferImpl::ValidateRenderbufferTarget(rbTarget)) return;
         auto& bindingSlot = MG_State::pGLContext->GetRenderbufferBindingSlot(rbTarget);
-        auto renderbufferObject = bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();
+        auto& renderbufferObject = bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();
         if (!renderbufferObject) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                 ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "RenderbufferStorage_State",
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "RenderbufferStorage_State",
                                              "Renderbuffer target is bound to no renderbuffer object."));
             return;
         }
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
         if (!TextureImpl::ValidateTextureInternalFormat(format)) return;
         if (width < 0 || height < 0) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidValue, MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "RenderbufferStorage_State",
+                ErrorCode::InvalidValue, MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "RenderbufferStorage_State",
                                                                       "Width and height must be non-negative."));
             return;
         }
@@ -74,10 +74,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
         if (n < 0) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                 ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "GenRenderbuffers_State", "n must be non-negative"));
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "GenRenderbuffers_State", "n must be non-negative"));
             return;
         }
-        auto renderbufferNames = MG_State::pGLContext->GenRenderbufferNames(n);
+        static thread_local Vector<GLuint> renderbufferNames;
+        MG_State::pGLContext->GenRenderbufferNames(n, renderbufferNames);
         Memcpy(renderbuffers, renderbufferNames.data(), sizeof(GLuint) * static_cast<SizeT>(n));
     }
 
@@ -85,10 +86,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
         if (n < 0) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                 ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "GenFramebuffers_State", "n must be non-negative"));
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "GenFramebuffers_State", "n must be non-negative"));
             return;
         }
-        auto framebuffersNames = MG_State::pGLContext->GenFramebufferNames(n);
+        static thread_local Vector<GLuint> framebuffersNames;
+        MG_State::pGLContext->GenFramebufferNames(n, framebuffersNames);
         Memcpy(framebuffers, framebuffersNames.data(), sizeof(GLuint) * static_cast<SizeT>(n));
     }
 
@@ -119,11 +121,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
         if (!TextureImpl::ValidateTextureName(texture, true)) return;
 
         auto& bindingSlot = MG_State::pGLContext->GetFramebufferBindingSlot(framebufferTarget);
-        auto framebufferObject = bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();
+        auto& framebufferObject = bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();
         if (!framebufferObject) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                 ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "FramebufferTexture2D_State",
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "FramebufferTexture2D_State",
                                              "Framebuffer target is bound to no framebuffer object."));
             return;
         }
@@ -133,11 +135,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
             return;
         }
 
-        auto textureObject = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTextureObject(texture);
+        auto& textureObject = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTextureObject(texture);
         if (!textureObject) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                 ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "FramebufferTexture2D_State",
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "FramebufferTexture2D_State",
                                              std::format("Texture object {} is not valid.", texture)));
             return;
         }
@@ -166,11 +168,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
         if (!FramebufferImpl::ValidateFramebufferTarget(framebufferTarget)) return;
         if (!FramebufferImpl::ValidateRenderbufferName(renderbuffer)) return;
         auto& bindingSlot = MG_State::pGLContext->GetFramebufferBindingSlot(framebufferTarget);
-        auto framebufferObject = bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();
+        auto& framebufferObject = bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();
         if (!framebufferObject) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                 ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "FramebufferRenderbuffer_State",
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "FramebufferRenderbuffer_State",
                                              "Framebuffer target is bound to no framebuffer object."));
             return;
         }
@@ -180,11 +182,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
             return;
         }
 
-        auto renderbufferObject = MG_State::pGLContext->GetRenderbufferObject(renderbuffer);
+        auto& renderbufferObject = MG_State::pGLContext->GetRenderbufferObject(renderbuffer);
         if (!renderbufferObject) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                 ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "FramebufferRenderbuffer_State",
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "FramebufferRenderbuffer_State",
                                              std::format("Renderbuffer object {} is not valid.", renderbuffer)));
             return;
         }
@@ -196,18 +198,18 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
         if (n < 0) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                 ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__, "`n` is less than 0."));
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__, "`n` is less than 0."));
             return;
         } else if (n > MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject::MAX_DRAW_BUFFERS) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                 ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__, "`n` is greater than `GL_MAX_DRAW_BUFFERS`."));
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__, "`n` is greater than `GL_MAX_DRAW_BUFFERS`."));
             return;
         }
 
         // Get bound framebuffer
         auto& bindingSlot = MG_State::pGLContext->GetFramebufferBindingSlot(FramebufferTarget::Draw);
-        auto fbo = bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();
+        auto& fbo = bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();
         bool isDefaultFBO = (fbo == FramebufferImpl::pDefaultFramebufferInfo->defaultFBO);
 
         static int existenceMap[(SizeT)FramebufferAttachmentType::FramebufferAttachmentTypeCount] = {-1};
@@ -220,7 +222,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
             if (attType == FramebufferAttachmentType::Unknown) {
                 MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                     ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__,
+                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__,
                                                  std::format("bufs[{}] = {} is not an accepted value.", i,
                                                              MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(bufs[i]))));
                 return;
@@ -230,7 +232,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
                 attType <= FramebufferAttachmentType::Color31) {
                 MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                     ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>(
+                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
                         "MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__,
                         std::format(
                             "FBO is default FBO, but bufs[{}] = {} is one of the `GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENTn` tokens.", i,
@@ -242,7 +244,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
                 attType <= FramebufferAttachmentType::BackRight) {
                 MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                     ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>(
+                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
                         "MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__,
                         std::format("FBO is not default FBO, but bufs[{}] = {} is anything other than `GL_NONE` or "
                                     "one of the `GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENTn` tokens.",
@@ -253,7 +255,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
             if (attType != FramebufferAttachmentType::None && existenceMap[(SizeT)attType] >= 0) {
                 MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                     ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__,
+                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__,
                                                  std::format("a symbolic constant other than `GL_NONE` appears "
                                                              "more than once in bufs. bufs[{}] == bufs[{}] == {}.",
                                                              i, existenceMap[(SizeT)attType],
@@ -267,7 +269,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
                 (SizeT)FramebufferAttachmentType::Color0 + MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject::MAX_DRAW_BUFFERS) {
                 MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                     ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__,
+                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__,
                                                  std::format("bufs[{}] == {} indicates a color buffer that does "
                                                              "not exist in the current GL context.",
                                                              i, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(bufs[i]))));
@@ -297,7 +299,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
         if (attType == FramebufferAttachmentType::Unknown) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                 ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>(
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
                     "MG_Impl/GLImpl", __func__,
                     std::format("`mode` = {} is not an accepted value.", MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(mode))));
             return;
@@ -305,7 +307,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
 
         // Get bound framebuffer
         auto& bindingSlot = MG_State::pGLContext->GetFramebufferBindingSlot(FramebufferTarget::Read);
-        auto fbo = bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();
+        auto& fbo = bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();
         fbo->SetReadBuffer(attType);
     }
 
@@ -313,13 +315,13 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
         if (n < 0) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                 ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "DeleteRenderbuffers_State", "n must be non-negative."));
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "DeleteRenderbuffers_State", "n must be non-negative."));
             return;
         }
 
         if (!renderbuffers) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidValue, MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "DeleteRenderbuffers_State",
+                ErrorCode::InvalidValue, MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "DeleteRenderbuffers_State",
                                                                       "Renderbuffer names array cannot be null."));
             return;
         }
@@ -336,13 +338,13 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
         if (n < 0) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                 ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "DeleteFramebuffers_State", "n must be non-negative."));
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "DeleteFramebuffers_State", "n must be non-negative."));
             return;
         }
 
         if (!framebuffers) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                                              MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "DeleteFramebuffers_State",
+                                              MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "DeleteFramebuffers_State",
                                                                            "Framebuffer names array cannot be null."));
             return;
         }
@@ -360,11 +362,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
         if (!FramebufferImpl::ValidateFramebufferTarget(framebufferTarget)) return GL_FRAMEBUFFER_UNDEFINED;
 
         auto& bindingSlot = MG_State::pGLContext->GetFramebufferBindingSlot(framebufferTarget);
-        auto framebufferObject = bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();
+        auto& framebufferObject = bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();
         if (!framebufferObject) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                 ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "CheckFramebufferStatus_State",
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "CheckFramebufferStatus_State",
                                              "Framebuffer target is bound to no framebuffer object."));
             return GL_FRAMEBUFFER_UNDEFINED;
         }
@@ -382,11 +384,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
         RenderbufferTarget renderbufferTarget = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToRenderbufferTarget(target);
         if (!FramebufferImpl::ValidateRenderbufferTarget(renderbufferTarget)) return;
 
-        auto renderbufferObject = MG_State::pGLContext->GetRenderbufferObject(renderbuffer);
-        if (!renderbufferObject) {
+        Bool doesRenderbufferCreated = MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateRenderbufferObject(renderbuffer);
+        if (!doesRenderbufferCreated) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->CreateRenderbufferObject(renderbuffer);
-            renderbufferObject = MG_State::pGLContext->GetRenderbufferObject(renderbuffer);
         }
+        auto& renderbufferObject = MG_State::pGLContext->GetRenderbufferObject(renderbuffer);
 
         auto& bindingSlot = MG_State::pGLContext->GetRenderbufferBindingSlot(renderbufferTarget);
         bindingSlot.Bind(renderbufferObject);
@@ -403,11 +405,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
         FramebufferTarget framebufferTarget = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToFramebufferTarget(target);
         if (!FramebufferImpl::ValidateFramebufferTarget(framebufferTarget)) return;
 
-        auto framebufferObject = MG_State::pGLContext->GetFramebufferObject(framebuffer);
-        if (!framebufferObject) {
+        Bool doesFramebufferCreated = MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateFramebufferObject(framebuffer);
+        if (!doesFramebufferCreated) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->CreateFramebufferObject(framebuffer);
-            framebufferObject = MG_State::pGLContext->GetFramebufferObject(framebuffer);
         }
+        auto& framebufferObject = MG_State::pGLContext->GetFramebufferObject(framebuffer);
 
         auto& bindingSlot = MG_State::pGLContext->GetFramebufferBindingSlot(framebufferTarget);
         bindingSlot.Bind(framebufferObject);
@@ -419,11 +421,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
         RenderbufferTarget renderbufferTarget = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToRenderbufferTarget(target);
         if (!FramebufferImpl::ValidateRenderbufferTarget(renderbufferTarget)) return;
         auto& bindingSlot = MG_State::pGLContext->GetRenderbufferBindingSlot(renderbufferTarget);
-        auto renderbufferObject = bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();
+        auto& renderbufferObject = bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();
         if (!renderbufferObject) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                 ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "GetRenderbufferParameteriv_State",
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "GetRenderbufferParameteriv_State",
                                              "Renderbuffer target is bound to no renderbuffer object."));
             return;
         }
@@ -462,7 +464,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
         default:
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                 ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>(
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
                     "MG_Impl/GLImpl", "GetRenderbufferParameteriv_State",
                     std::format("pname {} is not an accepted value.", MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(pname))));
             return;
@@ -492,7 +494,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
         // Check width/height
         if (width < 0 || height < 0) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                                              MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ReadPixels_State",
+                                              MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ReadPixels_State",
                                                                            "Width and height must be non-negative"));
             return;
         }
@@ -501,7 +503,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
         if (!TextureImpl::ValidateTextureInputFormat(textureInputFormat)) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                 ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ReadPixels_State", "Invalid format"));
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ReadPixels_State", "Invalid format"));
             return;
         }
 
@@ -509,17 +511,17 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
         if (!TextureImpl::ValidateTexturePixelDataType(texturePixelDataType)) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                 ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ReadPixels_State", "Invalid pixel data type"));
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ReadPixels_State", "Invalid pixel data type"));
             return;
         }
 
         // Get bound framebuffer
         auto& bindingSlot = MG_State::pGLContext->GetFramebufferBindingSlot(FramebufferTarget::Read);
-        auto framebufferObject = bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();
+        auto& framebufferObject = bindingSlot.GetBoundObject();
 
         if (!framebufferObject) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                                              MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ReadPixels_State",
+                                              MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ReadPixels_State",
                                                                            "No framebuffer bound to read target"));
             return;
         }
@@ -528,7 +530,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
         if (!framebufferObject->CheckCompleteness()) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                 ErrorCode::InvalidFramebufferOperation,
-                MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ReadPixels_State", "Framebuffer is incomplete"));
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ReadPixels_State", "Framebuffer is incomplete"));
             return;
         }
 
@@ -537,7 +539,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
             if (!framebufferObject->GetAttachment(FramebufferAttachmentType::Stencil).IsValid()) {
                 MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                     ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ReadPixels_State",
+                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ReadPixels_State",
                                                  "No stencil buffer for stencil index format"));
                 return;
             }
@@ -545,7 +547,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
             if (!framebufferObject->GetAttachment(FramebufferAttachmentType::Depth).IsValid()) {
                 MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                     ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ReadPixels_State",
+                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ReadPixels_State",
                                                  "No depth buffer for depth component format"));
                 return;
             }
@@ -554,7 +556,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
                 !framebufferObject->GetAttachment(FramebufferAttachmentType::Stencil).IsValid()) {
                 MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                     ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ReadPixels_State",
+                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ReadPixels_State",
                                                  "No depth/stencil buffer for depth-stencil format"));
                 return;
             }
@@ -563,7 +565,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
             if (texturePixelDataType != TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedInt248 &&
                 texturePixelDataType != TexturePixelDataType::Float32UnsignedInt248Rev) {
                 MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidEnum, MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ReadPixels_State",
+                    ErrorCode::InvalidEnum, MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ReadPixels_State",
                                                                          "Invalid type for depth-stencil format"));
                 return;
             }
@@ -577,7 +579,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
             // Check if PBO is mapped
             if (pixelPackBufferObject->IsMapped()) {
                 MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidOperation, MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ReadPixels_State",
+                    ErrorCode::InvalidOperation, MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ReadPixels_State",
                                                                               "Pixel pack buffer is currently mapped"));
                 return;
             }
@@ -587,7 +589,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
             if (reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(pixels) % typeSize != 0) {
                 MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                     ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ReadPixels_State",
+                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ReadPixels_State",
                                                  "Pixel data not aligned for pixel pack buffer"));
                 return;
             }
@@ -595,11 +597,11 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
 
         // Check multisampling
         if (framebufferObject->GetAttachment(FramebufferAttachmentType::Color0).IsRenderbuffer()) {
-            auto rbo = framebufferObject->GetAttachment(FramebufferAttachmentType::Color0).GetRenderbuffer();
+            auto& rbo = framebufferObject->GetAttachment(FramebufferAttachmentType::Color0).GetRenderbuffer();
             if (rbo && rbo->GetSamples() > 1) {
                 MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                     ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ReadPixels_State",
+                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ReadPixels_State",
                                                  "ReadPixels not supported for multisampled framebuffers"));
                 return;
             }
@@ -732,6 +734,6 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
     }
 
     namespace FramebufferImpl {
-        DefaultFramebufferInfo* pDefaultFramebufferInfo;
+        UniquePtr<DefaultFramebufferInfo> pDefaultFramebufferInfo;
     } // namespace FramebufferImpl
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl

MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Framebuffer/GL_Framebuffer.h

@@ -11,51 +11,49 @@
 #include <Includes.h>
 #include <MG_State/GLState/Core.h>
 
-namespace MobileGL {
-    namespace MG_Impl::GLImpl {
-        /* @INSERTION_POINT:FUNCTION_DECLARATION@ */
-        void ReadPixels(GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLenum format, GLenum type, void* pixels);
-        void ClearBufferfi(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, GLfloat depth, GLint stencil);
-        void ClearBufferfv(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLfloat* value);
-        void ClearBufferuiv(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLuint* value);
-        void ClearBufferiv(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLint* value);
-        void RenderbufferStorageMultisample(GLenum target, GLsizei samples, GLenum internalformat, GLsizei width,
-                                            GLsizei height);
-        void RenderbufferStorage(GLenum target, GLenum internalformat, GLsizei width, GLsizei height);
-        GLboolean IsRenderbuffer(GLuint renderbuffer);
-        void GetRenderbufferParameteriv(GLenum target, GLenum pname, GLint* params);
-        void GenRenderbuffers(GLsizei n, GLuint* renderbuffers);
-        void FramebufferRenderbuffer(GLenum target, GLenum attachment, GLenum renderbuffertarget, GLuint renderbuffer);
-        void DeleteRenderbuffers(GLsizei n, const GLuint* renderbuffers);
-        void BindRenderbuffer(GLenum target, GLuint renderbuffer);
-        void SampleMaski(GLuint maskNumber, GLbitfield mask);
-        GLboolean IsFramebuffer(GLuint framebuffer);
-        void GetFramebufferAttachmentParameteriv(GLenum target, GLenum attachment, GLenum pname, GLint* params);
-        void GenFramebuffers(GLsizei n, GLuint* framebuffers);
-        void FramebufferTextureLayer(GLenum target, GLenum attachment, GLuint texture, GLint level, GLint layer);
-        void FramebufferTexture3D(GLenum target, GLenum attachment, GLenum textarget, GLuint texture, GLint level,
-                                  GLint zoffset);
-        void FramebufferTexture2D(GLenum target, GLenum attachment, GLenum textarget, GLuint texture, GLint level);
-        void FramebufferTexture1D(GLenum target, GLenum attachment, GLenum textarget, GLuint texture, GLint level);
-        void FramebufferTexture(GLenum target, GLenum attachment, GLuint texture, GLint level);
-        void DrawBuffer(GLenum buf);
-        void DrawBuffers(GLsizei n, const GLenum* bufs);
-        void ReadBuffer(GLenum src);
-        void DeleteFramebuffers(GLsizei n, const GLuint* framebuffers);
-        GLenum CheckFramebufferStatus(GLenum target);
-        void BlitFramebuffer(GLint srcX0, GLint srcY0, GLint srcX1, GLint srcY1, GLint dstX0, GLint dstY0, GLint dstX1,
-                             GLint dstY1, GLbitfield mask, GLenum filter);
-        void BindFramebuffer(GLenum target, GLuint framebuffer);
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
+    /* @INSERTION_POINT:FUNCTION_DECLARATION@ */
+    void ReadPixels(GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLenum format, GLenum type, void* pixels);
+    void ClearBufferfi(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, GLfloat depth, GLint stencil);
+    void ClearBufferfv(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLfloat* value);
+    void ClearBufferuiv(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLuint* value);
+    void ClearBufferiv(GLenum buffer, GLint drawbuffer, const GLint* value);
+    void RenderbufferStorageMultisample(GLenum target, GLsizei samples, GLenum internalformat, GLsizei width,
+                                        GLsizei height);
+    void RenderbufferStorage(GLenum target, GLenum internalformat, GLsizei width, GLsizei height);
+    GLboolean IsRenderbuffer(GLuint renderbuffer);
+    void GetRenderbufferParameteriv(GLenum target, GLenum pname, GLint* params);
+    void GenRenderbuffers(GLsizei n, GLuint* renderbuffers);
+    void FramebufferRenderbuffer(GLenum target, GLenum attachment, GLenum renderbuffertarget, GLuint renderbuffer);
+    void DeleteRenderbuffers(GLsizei n, const GLuint* renderbuffers);
+    void BindRenderbuffer(GLenum target, GLuint renderbuffer);
+    void SampleMaski(GLuint maskNumber, GLbitfield mask);
+    GLboolean IsFramebuffer(GLuint framebuffer);
+    void GetFramebufferAttachmentParameteriv(GLenum target, GLenum attachment, GLenum pname, GLint* params);
+    void GenFramebuffers(GLsizei n, GLuint* framebuffers);
+    void FramebufferTextureLayer(GLenum target, GLenum attachment, GLuint texture, GLint level, GLint layer);
+    void FramebufferTexture3D(GLenum target, GLenum attachment, GLenum textarget, GLuint texture, GLint level,
+                              GLint zoffset);
+    void FramebufferTexture2D(GLenum target, GLenum attachment, GLenum textarget, GLuint texture, GLint level);
+    void FramebufferTexture1D(GLenum target, GLenum attachment, GLenum textarget, GLuint texture, GLint level);
+    void FramebufferTexture(GLenum target, GLenum attachment, GLuint texture, GLint level);
+    void DrawBuffer(GLenum buf);
+    void DrawBuffers(GLsizei n, const GLenum* bufs);
+    void ReadBuffer(GLenum src);
+    void DeleteFramebuffers(GLsizei n, const GLuint* framebuffers);
+    GLenum CheckFramebufferStatus(GLenum target);
+    void BlitFramebuffer(GLint srcX0, GLint srcY0, GLint srcX1, GLint srcY1, GLint dstX0, GLint dstY0, GLint dstX1,
+                         GLint dstY1, GLbitfield mask, GLenum filter);
+    void BindFramebuffer(GLenum target, GLuint framebuffer);
 
-        namespace FramebufferImpl {
-            struct DefaultFramebufferInfo {
-                SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject> defaultFBO;
-                SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> colorAttachment;
-                SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> depthAttachment;
-                SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> stencilAttachment;
-            };
+    namespace FramebufferImpl {
+        struct DefaultFramebufferInfo {
+            SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject> defaultFBO;
+            SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> colorAttachment;
+            SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> depthAttachment;
+            SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> stencilAttachment;
+        };
 
-            extern DefaultFramebufferInfo* pDefaultFramebufferInfo;
-        } // namespace FramebufferImpl
-    } // namespace MG_Impl::GLImpl
-} // namespace MobileGL
+        extern UniquePtr<DefaultFramebufferInfo> pDefaultFramebufferInfo;
+    } // namespace FramebufferImpl
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl

MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Framebuffer/Validators.cpp

@@ -13,85 +13,82 @@
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToGL/FramebufferEnumConverter.h>
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToStr/FramebufferEnumConverter.h>
 
-namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
-    namespace FramebufferImpl {
-        Bool ValidateFramebufferTarget(FramebufferTarget target) {
-            if (target == FramebufferTarget::Unknown) {
-                using namespace MG_Util;
-                String bufferTargetStr = ConvertFramebufferTargetToString(target);
-                String glTargetStr = ConvertGLEnumToString(ConvertFramebufferTargetToGLEnum(target));
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>(
-                        "MG_Impl/GLImpl/FramebufferImpl", "ValidateFramebufferTarget",
-                        std::format("Target {} ({}) is not valid.", bufferTargetStr, glTargetStr)));
-                return false;
-            }
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        Bool ValidateFramebufferName(Uint index, Bool allowZero) {
-            if (index == 0 && !allowZero) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl/FramebufferImpl", "ValidateFramebufferName",
-                                                 "Framebuffer name 0 is not valid in this situation."));
-                return false;
-            }
-            Bool isValid = MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateFramebufferName(index);
-            if (isValid) return true;
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::FramebufferImpl {
+    Bool ValidateFramebufferTarget(FramebufferTarget target) {
+        if (target == FramebufferTarget::Unknown) {
+            using namespace MG_Util;
+            String bufferTargetStr = ConvertFramebufferTargetToString(target);
+            String glTargetStr = ConvertGLEnumToString(ConvertFramebufferTargetToGLEnum(target));
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl/FramebufferImpl", "ValidateFramebufferName",
-                                             std::format("Framebuffer name {} is not valid.", index)));
+                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum, MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
+                                            "MG_Impl/GLImpl/FramebufferImpl", "ValidateFramebufferTarget",
+                                            std::format("Target {} ({}) is not valid.", bufferTargetStr, glTargetStr)));
             return false;
         }
+        return true;
+    }
 
-        Bool ValidateFramebufferAttachmentType(FramebufferAttachmentType attachment) {
-            if (attachment == FramebufferAttachmentType::Unknown) {
-                using namespace MG_Util;
-                String attachmentStr = ConvertFramebufferAttachmentTypeToString(attachment);
-                String glAttachmentStr = ConvertGLEnumToString(ConvertFramebufferAttachmentTypeToGLEnum(attachment));
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>(
-                        "MG_Impl/GLImpl/FramebufferImpl", "ValidateFramebufferAttachmentType",
-                        std::format("Attachment type {} ({}) is not valid.", attachmentStr, glAttachmentStr)));
-                return false;
-            }
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        Bool ValidateRenderbufferTarget(RenderbufferTarget target) {
-            if (target == RenderbufferTarget::Unknown) {
-                using namespace MG_Util;
-                String renderbufferTargetStr = ConvertRenderbufferTargetToString(target);
-                String glTargetStr = ConvertGLEnumToString(ConvertRenderbufferTargetToGLEnum(target));
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>(
-                        "MG_Impl/GLImpl/FramebufferImpl", "ValidateRenderbufferTarget",
-                        std::format("Target {} ({}) is not valid.", renderbufferTargetStr, glTargetStr)));
-                return false;
-            }
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        Bool ValidateRenderbufferName(Uint index, Bool allowZero) {
-            if (index == 0 && !allowZero) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl/FramebufferImpl", "ValidateRenderbufferName",
-                                                 "Renderbuffer name 0 is not valid in this situation."));
-                return false;
-            }
-            Bool isValid = MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateRenderbufferName(index);
-            if (isValid) return true;
+    Bool ValidateFramebufferName(Uint index, Bool allowZero) {
+        if (index == 0 && !allowZero) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl/FramebufferImpl", "ValidateRenderbufferName",
-                                             std::format("Renderbuffer name {} is not valid.", index)));
+                ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl/FramebufferImpl", "ValidateFramebufferName",
+                                             "Framebuffer name 0 is not valid in this situation."));
             return false;
         }
-    } // namespace FramebufferImpl
-} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl
+        Bool isValid = MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateFramebufferName(index);
+        if (isValid) return true;
+        MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+            ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
+            MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl/FramebufferImpl", "ValidateFramebufferName",
+                                         std::format("Framebuffer name {} is not valid.", index)));
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    Bool ValidateFramebufferAttachmentType(FramebufferAttachmentType attachment) {
+        if (attachment == FramebufferAttachmentType::Unknown) {
+            using namespace MG_Util;
+            String attachmentStr = ConvertFramebufferAttachmentTypeToString(attachment);
+            String glAttachmentStr = ConvertGLEnumToString(ConvertFramebufferAttachmentTypeToGLEnum(attachment));
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
+                    "MG_Impl/GLImpl/FramebufferImpl", "ValidateFramebufferAttachmentType",
+                    std::format("Attachment type {} ({}) is not valid.", attachmentStr, glAttachmentStr)));
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool ValidateRenderbufferTarget(RenderbufferTarget target) {
+        if (target == RenderbufferTarget::Unknown) {
+            using namespace MG_Util;
+            String renderbufferTargetStr = ConvertRenderbufferTargetToString(target);
+            String glTargetStr = ConvertGLEnumToString(ConvertRenderbufferTargetToGLEnum(target));
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
+                    "MG_Impl/GLImpl/FramebufferImpl", "ValidateRenderbufferTarget",
+                    std::format("Target {} ({}) is not valid.", renderbufferTargetStr, glTargetStr)));
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool ValidateRenderbufferName(Uint index, Bool allowZero) {
+        if (index == 0 && !allowZero) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl/FramebufferImpl", "ValidateRenderbufferName",
+                                             "Renderbuffer name 0 is not valid in this situation."));
+            return false;
+        }
+        Bool isValid = MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateRenderbufferName(index);
+        if (isValid) return true;
+        MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+            ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
+            MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl/FramebufferImpl", "ValidateRenderbufferName",
+                                         std::format("Renderbuffer name {} is not valid.", index)));
+        return false;
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::FramebufferImpl

MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Framebuffer/Validators.h

@@ -10,12 +10,10 @@
 #include <Includes.h>
 #include <MG_State/GLState/FramebufferState/FramebufferObject.h>
 
-namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
-    namespace FramebufferImpl {
-        Bool ValidateFramebufferTarget(FramebufferTarget target);
-        Bool ValidateFramebufferName(Uint index, Bool allowZero = true);
-        Bool ValidateFramebufferAttachmentType(FramebufferAttachmentType attachment);
-        Bool ValidateRenderbufferTarget(RenderbufferTarget target);
-        Bool ValidateRenderbufferName(Uint index, Bool allowZero = true);
-    } // namespace FramebufferImpl
-} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::FramebufferImpl {
+    Bool ValidateFramebufferTarget(FramebufferTarget target);
+    Bool ValidateFramebufferName(Uint index, Bool allowZero = true);
+    Bool ValidateFramebufferAttachmentType(FramebufferAttachmentType attachment);
+    Bool ValidateRenderbufferTarget(RenderbufferTarget target);
+    Bool ValidateRenderbufferName(Uint index, Bool allowZero = true);
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::FramebufferImpl

MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Getter/GL_Getter.cpp

@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@
 // End of Source File Header
 
 #include "GL_Getter.h"
-#include "GL/gl.h"
-#include "MG_Util/Debug/Log.h"
 #include <Config.h>
 #include <MGGitHash.h>
 #include <MG_State/GLState/Core.h>
@@ -127,7 +125,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
         if (!params) {
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                 ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "GetIntegerv", "params pointer cannot be null"));
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "GetIntegerv", "params pointer cannot be null"));
             return;
         }
 
@@ -146,9 +144,9 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
             *params = 0; // TODO
             break;
         case GL_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING: {
-            auto obj = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBufferBindingSlot(BufferTarget::Vertex).GetBoundObject();
+            auto& obj = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBufferBindingSlot(BufferTarget::Vertex).GetBoundObject();
             if (obj)
-                *params = obj->GetExternalIndex();
+                *params = (GLint)obj->GetExternalIndex();
             else
                 *params = 0;
             break;
@@ -256,14 +254,14 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
             break;
         case GL_CURRENT_PROGRAM: {
             const auto& currentProgram = MG_State::pGLContext->GetCurrentProgram();
-            *params = currentProgram ? currentProgram->GetExternalIndex() : 0;
+            *params = currentProgram ? (GLint)currentProgram->GetExternalIndex() : 0;
             break;
         }
         case GL_DEPTH_CLEAR_VALUE:
-            *params = MG_State::pGLContext->GetClearDepth();
+            *params = (GLint)MG_State::pGLContext->GetClearDepth();
             break;
         case GL_DEPTH_FUNC:
-            *params = MG_Util::ConvertDepthTestFuncToGLEnum(MG_State::pGLContext->GetDepthFunc());
+            *params = (GLint)MG_Util::ConvertDepthTestFuncToGLEnum(MG_State::pGLContext->GetDepthFunc());
             break;
         case GL_DEPTH_RANGE:
             *params = 0; // TODO
@@ -288,12 +286,12 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
             break;
         case GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER_BINDING: {
             const auto& FBO = MG_State::pGLContext->GetFramebufferBindingSlot(FramebufferTarget::Draw).GetBoundObject();
-            *params = FBO ? FBO->GetExternalIndex() : 0;
+            *params = FBO ? (GLint)FBO->GetExternalIndex() : 0;
             break;
         }
         case GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER_BINDING: {
             const auto& FBO = MG_State::pGLContext->GetFramebufferBindingSlot(FramebufferTarget::Read).GetBoundObject();
-            *params = FBO ? FBO->GetExternalIndex() : 0;
+            *params = FBO ? (GLint)FBO->GetExternalIndex() : 0;
             break;
         }
         case GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER_BINDING: {
@@ -302,7 +300,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
                 break;
             }
             const auto& bufferObject = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBufferBindingSlot(BufferTarget::Index).GetBoundObject();
-            *params = bufferObject ? bufferObject->GetExternalIndex() : 0;
+            *params = bufferObject ? (GLint)bufferObject->GetExternalIndex() : 0;
             break;
         }
         case GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER_DERIVATIVE_HINT:
@@ -886,7 +884,7 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
         default:
             MGLOG_E("glGetIntegerv: Invalid enum %s (0x%X)", MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(pname).c_str(), pname);
             MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                                              MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "GetIntegerv",
+                                              MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "GetIntegerv",
                                                                            std::format("Invalid enum: 0x{:X}", pname)));
 
             break;
@@ -894,7 +892,10 @@ namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
     }
 
     GLenum GetError() {
-        ErrorCode errorCode = MG_State::pGLContext->PopGLError().value_or(Error{ErrorCode::NoError, nullptr}).code;
-        return MG_Util::ConvertErrorCodeToGLEnum(errorCode);
+        auto error = MG_State::pGLContext->PopGLError();
+        if (!error || !error->get()) {
+            return GL_NO_ERROR;
+        }
+        return MG_Util::ConvertErrorCodeToGLEnum(error->get()->code);
     }
 } // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl

MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Program/GL_Program.h

@@ -9,61 +9,59 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <Includes.h>
 
-namespace MobileGL {
-    namespace MG_Impl::GLImpl {
-        void AttachShader(GLuint program, GLuint shader);
-        void BindAttribLocation(GLuint program, GLuint index, const GLchar* name);
-        void CompileShader(GLuint shader);
-        GLuint CreateProgram(void);
-        GLuint CreateShader(GLenum type);
-        void DeleteProgram(GLuint program);
-        void DeleteShader(GLuint shader);
-        void DetachShader(GLuint program, GLuint shader);
-        void GetActiveAttrib(GLuint program, GLuint index, GLsizei bufSize, GLsizei* length, GLint* size, GLenum* type,
-                             GLchar* name);
-        void GetActiveUniform(GLuint program, GLuint index, GLsizei bufSize, GLsizei* length, GLint* size, GLenum* type,
-                              GLchar* name);
-        void GetAttachedShaders(GLuint program, GLsizei maxCount, GLsizei* count, GLuint* shaders);
-        GLint GetAttribLocation(GLuint program, const GLchar* name);
-        void GetProgramiv(GLuint program, GLenum pname, GLint* params);
-        void GetProgramInfoLog(GLuint program, GLsizei bufSize, GLsizei* length, GLchar* infoLog);
-        void GetShaderiv(GLuint shader, GLenum pname, GLint* params);
-        void GetShaderInfoLog(GLuint shader, GLsizei bufSize, GLsizei* length, GLchar* infoLog);
-        void GetShaderSource(GLuint shader, GLsizei bufSize, GLsizei* length, GLchar* source);
-        GLint GetUniformLocation(GLuint program, const GLchar* name);
-        void GetUniformfv(GLuint program, GLint location, GLfloat* params);
-        void GetUniformiv(GLuint program, GLint location, GLint* params);
-        GLboolean IsProgram(GLuint program);
-        GLboolean IsShader(GLuint shader);
-        void LinkProgram(GLuint program);
-        void ShaderSource(GLuint shader, GLsizei count, const GLchar* const* string, const GLint* length);
-        void UseProgram(GLuint program);
-        void Uniform1f(GLint location, GLfloat v0);
-        void Uniform2f(GLint location, GLfloat v0, GLfloat v1);
-        void Uniform3f(GLint location, GLfloat v0, GLfloat v1, GLfloat v2);
-        void Uniform4f(GLint location, GLfloat v0, GLfloat v1, GLfloat v2, GLfloat v3);
-        void Uniform1i(GLint location, GLint v0);
-        void Uniform2i(GLint location, GLint v0, GLint v1);
-        void Uniform3i(GLint location, GLint v0, GLint v1, GLint v2);
-        void Uniform4i(GLint location, GLint v0, GLint v1, GLint v2, GLint v3);
-        void Uniform1fv(GLint location, GLsizei count, const GLfloat* value);
-        void Uniform2fv(GLint location, GLsizei count, const GLfloat* value);
-        void Uniform3fv(GLint location, GLsizei count, const GLfloat* value);
-        void Uniform4fv(GLint location, GLsizei count, const GLfloat* value);
-        void Uniform1iv(GLint location, GLsizei count, const GLint* value);
-        void Uniform2iv(GLint location, GLsizei count, const GLint* value);
-        void Uniform3iv(GLint location, GLsizei count, const GLint* value);
-        void Uniform4iv(GLint location, GLsizei count, const GLint* value);
-        void UniformMatrix2fv(GLint location, GLsizei count, GLboolean transpose, const GLfloat* value);
-        void UniformMatrix3fv(GLint location, GLsizei count, GLboolean transpose, const GLfloat* value);
-        void UniformMatrix4fv(GLint location, GLsizei count, GLboolean transpose, const GLfloat* value);
-        GLuint GetUniformBlockIndex(GLuint program, const GLchar* uniformBlockName);
-        void UniformBlockBinding(GLuint program, GLuint uniformBlockIndex, GLuint uniformBlockBinding);
-        void GetActiveUniformBlockiv(GLuint program, GLuint uniformBlockIndex, GLenum pname, GLint* params);
-        void GetActiveUniformBlockName(GLuint program, GLuint uniformBlockIndex, GLsizei bufSize, GLsizei* length,
-                                       GLchar* uniformBlockName);
-        void BindFragDataLocation(GLuint program, GLuint colorNumber, const char* name);
-        GLint GetFragDataLocation(GLuint program, const char* name);
-        void ValidateProgram(GLuint program);
-    } // namespace MG_Impl::GLImpl
-} // namespace MobileGL
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
+    void AttachShader(GLuint program, GLuint shader);
+    void BindAttribLocation(GLuint program, GLuint index, const GLchar* name);
+    void CompileShader(GLuint shader);
+    GLuint CreateProgram(void);
+    GLuint CreateShader(GLenum type);
+    void DeleteProgram(GLuint program);
+    void DeleteShader(GLuint shader);
+    void DetachShader(GLuint program, GLuint shader);
+    void GetActiveAttrib(GLuint program, GLuint index, GLsizei bufSize, GLsizei* length, GLint* size, GLenum* type,
+                         GLchar* name);
+    void GetActiveUniform(GLuint program, GLuint index, GLsizei bufSize, GLsizei* length, GLint* size, GLenum* type,
+                          GLchar* name);
+    void GetAttachedShaders(GLuint program, GLsizei maxCount, GLsizei* count, GLuint* shaders);
+    GLint GetAttribLocation(GLuint program, const GLchar* name);
+    void GetProgramiv(GLuint program, GLenum pname, GLint* params);
+    void GetProgramInfoLog(GLuint program, GLsizei bufSize, GLsizei* length, GLchar* infoLog);
+    void GetShaderiv(GLuint shader, GLenum pname, GLint* params);
+    void GetShaderInfoLog(GLuint shader, GLsizei bufSize, GLsizei* length, GLchar* infoLog);
+    void GetShaderSource(GLuint shader, GLsizei bufSize, GLsizei* length, GLchar* source);
+    GLint GetUniformLocation(GLuint program, const GLchar* name);
+    void GetUniformfv(GLuint program, GLint location, GLfloat* params);
+    void GetUniformiv(GLuint program, GLint location, GLint* params);
+    GLboolean IsProgram(GLuint program);
+    GLboolean IsShader(GLuint shader);
+    void LinkProgram(GLuint program);
+    void ShaderSource(GLuint shader, GLsizei count, const GLchar* const* string, const GLint* length);
+    void UseProgram(GLuint program);
+    void Uniform1f(GLint location, GLfloat v0);
+    void Uniform2f(GLint location, GLfloat v0, GLfloat v1);
+    void Uniform3f(GLint location, GLfloat v0, GLfloat v1, GLfloat v2);
+    void Uniform4f(GLint location, GLfloat v0, GLfloat v1, GLfloat v2, GLfloat v3);
+    void Uniform1i(GLint location, GLint v0);
+    void Uniform2i(GLint location, GLint v0, GLint v1);
+    void Uniform3i(GLint location, GLint v0, GLint v1, GLint v2);
+    void Uniform4i(GLint location, GLint v0, GLint v1, GLint v2, GLint v3);
+    void Uniform1fv(GLint location, GLsizei count, const GLfloat* value);
+    void Uniform2fv(GLint location, GLsizei count, const GLfloat* value);
+    void Uniform3fv(GLint location, GLsizei count, const GLfloat* value);
+    void Uniform4fv(GLint location, GLsizei count, const GLfloat* value);
+    void Uniform1iv(GLint location, GLsizei count, const GLint* value);
+    void Uniform2iv(GLint location, GLsizei count, const GLint* value);
+    void Uniform3iv(GLint location, GLsizei count, const GLint* value);
+    void Uniform4iv(GLint location, GLsizei count, const GLint* value);
+    void UniformMatrix2fv(GLint location, GLsizei count, GLboolean transpose, const GLfloat* value);
+    void UniformMatrix3fv(GLint location, GLsizei count, GLboolean transpose, const GLfloat* value);
+    void UniformMatrix4fv(GLint location, GLsizei count, GLboolean transpose, const GLfloat* value);
+    GLuint GetUniformBlockIndex(GLuint program, const GLchar* uniformBlockName);
+    void UniformBlockBinding(GLuint program, GLuint uniformBlockIndex, GLuint uniformBlockBinding);
+    void GetActiveUniformBlockiv(GLuint program, GLuint uniformBlockIndex, GLenum pname, GLint* params);
+    void GetActiveUniformBlockName(GLuint program, GLuint uniformBlockIndex, GLsizei bufSize, GLsizei* length,
+                                   GLchar* uniformBlockName);
+    void BindFragDataLocation(GLuint program, GLuint colorNumber, const char* name);
+    GLint GetFragDataLocation(GLuint program, const char* name);
+    void ValidateProgram(GLuint program);
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl

MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/RenderState/GL_RenderState.cpp

@@ -7,474 +7,467 @@
 // End of Source File Header
 
 #include "GL_RenderState.h"
-#include "MG_State/GLState/RenderState/RenderState.h"
-#include "MG_Util/Converters/GLToStr/GLEnumConverter.h"
 #include <MG_State/GLState/Core.h>
+#include <MG_Util/Converters/GLToStr/GLEnumConverter.h>
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/GLToMG/RenderStateEnumConverter.h>
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToGL/RenderStateEnumConverter.h>
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToStr/RenderStateEnumConverter.h>
 
-namespace MobileGL {
-    namespace MG_Impl::GLImpl {
-        void Viewport_State(GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height) {
-            if (width < 0 || height < 0) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidValue, MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "Viewport_State",
-                                                                          "Width abd height must be non-negative."));
-                return;
-            }
-
-            MG_State::pGLContext->SetViewport(IntVec4(x, y, width, height));
-        }
-
-        void StencilOpSeparate_State(GLenum face, GLenum sfail, GLenum dpfail, GLenum dppass) {
-            // TODO: implement
-        }
-
-        void StencilOp_State(GLenum fail, GLenum zfail, GLenum zpass) {
-            // TODO: implement
-        }
-
-        void StencilMaskSeparate_State(GLenum face, GLuint mask) {
-            // TODO: implement
-        }
-
-        void StencilMask_State(GLuint mask) {
-            // TODO: implement
-        }
-
-        void StencilFuncSeparate_State(GLenum face, GLenum func, GLint ref, GLuint mask) {
-            // TODO: implement
-        }
-
-        void StencilFunc_State(GLenum func, GLint ref, GLuint mask) {
-            // TODO: implement
-        }
-
-        void Scissor_State(GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height) {
-            if (width < 0 || height < 0) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidValue, MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "Scissor_State",
-                                                                          "Width abd height must be non-negative."));
-                return;
-            }
-
-            MG_State::pGLContext->SetScissorBox(IntVec4(x, y, width, height));
-        }
-
-        void SampleCoverage_State(GLfloat value, GLboolean invert) {
-            // TODO: implement
-        }
-
-        void PolygonOffset_State(GLfloat factor, GLfloat units) {
-            // TODO: implement
-        }
-
-        void PolygonMode_State(GLenum face, GLenum mode) {
-            // TODO: implement
-        }
-
-        void PointSize_State(GLfloat size) {
-            // TODO: implement
-        }
-
-        void PointParameterf_State(GLenum pname, GLfloat param) {
-            // TODO: implement
-        }
-
-        void PointParameteri_State(GLenum pname, GLint param) {
-            // TODO: implement
-        }
-
-        void PixelStorei_State(GLenum pname, GLint param) {
-            MGLOG_D("%s: %s = %d", __func__, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(pname).c_str(), param);
-            PixelStoreParam pixelStoreParam = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToPixelStoreParam(pname);
-            if (pixelStoreParam == PixelStoreParam::Unknown) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "PixelStorei_State",
-                                                 "Pixel store param enum " +
-                                                     MG_Util::ConvertPixelStoreParamToString(pixelStoreParam) + "(" +
-                                                     MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(pname) + ") is not supported."));
-                return;
-            }
-
-            MG_State::pGLContext->SetPixelStoreParam(pixelStoreParam, param);
-        }
-
-        void LogicOp_State(GLenum opcode) {
-            // TODO: implement
-        }
-
-        void LineWidth_State(GLfloat width) {
-            // TODO: implement
-        }
-
-        GLboolean IsEnabledi_State(GLenum target, GLuint index) {
-            CapabilityInput capInput = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToCapabilityInput(target);
-            if (capInput == CapabilityInput::Unknown) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "IsEnabledi_State",
-                                                 "Capability enum " +
-                                                     MG_Util::ConvertCapabilityInputToString(capInput) + "(" +
-                                                     MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(target) + ") is not supported."));
-                return GL_FALSE;
-            }
-
-            return MG_State::pGLContext->IsCapabilityEnabledIndexed(capInput, index) ? GL_TRUE : GL_FALSE;
-        }
-
-        GLboolean IsEnabled_State(GLenum cap) {
-            CapabilityInput capInput = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToCapabilityInput(cap);
-            if (capInput == CapabilityInput::Unknown) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidEnum, MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>(
-                                                "MG_Impl/GLImpl", "IsEnabled_State",
-                                                "Capability enum " + MG_Util::ConvertCapabilityInputToString(capInput) +
-                                                    "(" + MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(cap) + ") is not supported."));
-                return GL_FALSE;
-            }
-
-            return MG_State::pGLContext->IsCapabilityEnabled(capInput) ? GL_TRUE : GL_FALSE;
-        }
-
-        void Hint_State(GLenum target, GLenum mode) {
-            // TODO: implement
-        }
-
-        void FrontFace_State(GLenum mode) {
-            // TODO: implement
-        }
-
-        void Enable_State(GLenum cap) {
-            CapabilityInput capInput = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToCapabilityInput(cap);
-            if (capInput == CapabilityInput::Unknown) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidEnum, MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>(
-                                                "MG_Impl/GLImpl", "Enable_State",
-                                                "Capability enum " + MG_Util::ConvertCapabilityInputToString(capInput) +
-                                                    "(" + MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(cap) + ") is not supported."));
-                return;
-            }
-
-            MG_State::pGLContext->SetCapability(capInput, true);
-        }
-
-        void Disable_State(GLenum cap) {
-            CapabilityInput capInput = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToCapabilityInput(cap);
-            if (capInput == CapabilityInput::Unknown) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidEnum, MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>(
-                                                "MG_Impl/GLImpl", "Disable_State",
-                                                "Capability enum " + MG_Util::ConvertCapabilityInputToString(capInput) +
-                                                    "(" + MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(cap) + ") is not supported."));
-                return;
-            }
-
-            MG_State::pGLContext->SetCapability(capInput, false);
-        }
-
-        void DepthRange_State(GLclampd near_val, GLclampd far_val) {
-            // TODO: implement
-        }
-
-        void DepthMask_State(GLboolean flag) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->SetDepthMask(flag == GL_TRUE);
-        }
-
-        void DepthFunc_State(GLenum func) {
-            DepthTestFunc depthFunc = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToDepthTestFunc(func);
-            if (depthFunc == DepthTestFunc::Unknown) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "DepthFunc_State",
-                                                 "Depth function enum " +
-                                                     MG_Util::ConvertDepthTestFuncToString(depthFunc) + "(" +
-                                                     MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(func) + ") is not supported."));
-                return;
-            }
-
-            MG_State::pGLContext->SetDepthFunc(depthFunc);
-        }
-
-        void CullFace_State(GLenum mode) {
-            CullFaceMode cullFaceMode = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToCullFaceMode(mode);
-            if (cullFaceMode == CullFaceMode::Unknown) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "CullFace_State",
-                                                 "Cull face mode enum " +
-                                                     MG_Util::ConvertCullFaceModeToString(cullFaceMode) + "(" +
-                                                     MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(mode) + ") is not supported."));
-                return;
-            }
-
-            MG_State::pGLContext->SetCullFaceMode(cullFaceMode);
-        }
-
-        void ColorMask_State(GLboolean red, GLboolean green, GLboolean blue, GLboolean alpha) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->SetColorMask(
-                BoolVec4(red == GL_TRUE, green == GL_TRUE, blue == GL_TRUE, alpha == GL_TRUE));
-        }
-
-        void ClampColor_State(GLenum target, GLenum clamp) {
-            // TODO: implement
-        }
-
-        void BlendFuncSeparate_State(GLenum sfactorRGB, GLenum dfactorRGB, GLenum sfactorAlpha, GLenum dfactorAlpha) {
-            BlendFactor srcRGB = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToBlendFactor(sfactorRGB);
-            BlendFactor dstRGB = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToBlendFactor(dfactorRGB);
-            BlendFactor srcAlpha = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToBlendFactor(sfactorAlpha);
-            BlendFactor dstAlpha = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToBlendFactor(dfactorAlpha);
-
-            if (srcRGB == BlendFactor::Unknown || dstRGB == BlendFactor::Unknown || srcAlpha == BlendFactor::Unknown ||
-                dstAlpha == BlendFactor::Unknown) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "BlendFuncSeparate_State",
-                                                 "One of the blend factor enums is not supported: srcRGB " +
-                                                     MG_Util::ConvertBlendFactorToString(srcRGB) + "(" +
-                                                     MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(sfactorRGB) + "), dstRGB " +
-                                                     MG_Util::ConvertBlendFactorToString(dstRGB) + "(" +
-                                                     MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(dfactorRGB) + "), srcAlpha " +
-                                                     MG_Util::ConvertBlendFactorToString(srcAlpha) + "(" +
-                                                     MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(sfactorAlpha) + "), dstAlpha " +
-                                                     MG_Util::ConvertBlendFactorToString(dstAlpha) + "(" +
-                                                     MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(dfactorAlpha) + ")."));
-                return;
-            }
-
-            MG_State::pGLContext->SetBlendFunc(srcRGB, dstRGB, srcAlpha, dstAlpha);
-        }
-
-        void BlendFunc_State(GLenum sfactor, GLenum dfactor) {
-            BlendFuncSeparate_State(sfactor, dfactor, sfactor, dfactor);
-        }
-
-        void BlendEquation_State(GLenum mode) {
-            // TODO: implement
-        }
-
-        void BlendColor_State(GLfloat red, GLfloat green, GLfloat blue, GLfloat alpha) {
-            // TODO: implement
-        }
-
-        void ClearStencil_State(GLint s) {
-            // TODO: implement
-        }
-
-        void ClearDepth_State(GLclampd depth) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->SetClearDepth(static_cast<Float>(depth));
-        }
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
+    void Viewport_State(GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height) {
+        if (width < 0 || height < 0) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
+                                              MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "Viewport_State",
+                                                                           "Width abd height must be non-negative."));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        MG_State::pGLContext->SetViewport(IntVec4(x, y, width, height));
+    }
+
+    void StencilOpSeparate_State(GLenum face, GLenum sfail, GLenum dpfail, GLenum dppass) {
+        // TODO: implement
+    }
+
+    void StencilOp_State(GLenum fail, GLenum zfail, GLenum zpass) {
+        // TODO: implement
+    }
+
+    void StencilMaskSeparate_State(GLenum face, GLuint mask) {
+        // TODO: implement
+    }
+
+    void StencilMask_State(GLuint mask) {
+        // TODO: implement
+    }
+
+    void StencilFuncSeparate_State(GLenum face, GLenum func, GLint ref, GLuint mask) {
+        // TODO: implement
+    }
+
+    void StencilFunc_State(GLenum func, GLint ref, GLuint mask) {
+        // TODO: implement
+    }
+
+    void Scissor_State(GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height) {
+        if (width < 0 || height < 0) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
+                                              MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "Scissor_State",
+                                                                           "Width abd height must be non-negative."));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        MG_State::pGLContext->SetScissorBox(IntVec4(x, y, width, height));
+    }
+
+    void SampleCoverage_State(GLfloat value, GLboolean invert) {
+        // TODO: implement
+    }
+
+    void PolygonOffset_State(GLfloat factor, GLfloat units) {
+        // TODO: implement
+    }
+
+    void PolygonMode_State(GLenum face, GLenum mode) {
+        // TODO: implement
+    }
+
+    void PointSize_State(GLfloat size) {
+        // TODO: implement
+    }
+
+    void PointParameterf_State(GLenum pname, GLfloat param) {
+        // TODO: implement
+    }
+
+    void PointParameteri_State(GLenum pname, GLint param) {
+        // TODO: implement
+    }
+
+    void PixelStorei_State(GLenum pname, GLint param) {
+        MGLOG_D("%s: %s = %d", __func__, MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(pname).c_str(), param);
+        PixelStoreParam pixelStoreParam = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToPixelStoreParam(pname);
+        if (pixelStoreParam == PixelStoreParam::Unknown) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "PixelStorei_State",
+                                             "Pixel store param enum " +
+                                                 MG_Util::ConvertPixelStoreParamToString(pixelStoreParam) + "(" +
+                                                 MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(pname) + ") is not supported."));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        MG_State::pGLContext->SetPixelStoreParam(pixelStoreParam, param);
+    }
+
+    void LogicOp_State(GLenum opcode) {
+        // TODO: implement
+    }
+
+    void LineWidth_State(GLfloat width) {
+        // TODO: implement
+    }
+
+    GLboolean IsEnabledi_State(GLenum target, GLuint index) {
+        CapabilityInput capInput = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToCapabilityInput(target);
+        if (capInput == CapabilityInput::Unknown) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "IsEnabledi_State",
+                                             "Capability enum " + MG_Util::ConvertCapabilityInputToString(capInput) +
+                                                 "(" + MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(target) + ") is not supported."));
+            return GL_FALSE;
+        }
+
+        return MG_State::pGLContext->IsCapabilityEnabledIndexed(capInput, index) ? GL_TRUE : GL_FALSE;
+    }
+
+    GLboolean IsEnabled_State(GLenum cap) {
+        CapabilityInput capInput = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToCapabilityInput(cap);
+        if (capInput == CapabilityInput::Unknown) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "IsEnabled_State",
+                                             "Capability enum " + MG_Util::ConvertCapabilityInputToString(capInput) +
+                                                 "(" + MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(cap) + ") is not supported."));
+            return GL_FALSE;
+        }
+
+        return MG_State::pGLContext->IsCapabilityEnabled(capInput) ? GL_TRUE : GL_FALSE;
+    }
+
+    void Hint_State(GLenum target, GLenum mode) {
+        // TODO: implement
+    }
+
+    void FrontFace_State(GLenum mode) {
+        // TODO: implement
+    }
+
+    void Enable_State(GLenum cap) {
+        CapabilityInput capInput = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToCapabilityInput(cap);
+        if (capInput == CapabilityInput::Unknown) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "Enable_State",
+                                             "Capability enum " + MG_Util::ConvertCapabilityInputToString(capInput) +
+                                                 "(" + MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(cap) + ") is not supported."));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        MG_State::pGLContext->SetCapability(capInput, true);
+    }
+
+    void Disable_State(GLenum cap) {
+        CapabilityInput capInput = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToCapabilityInput(cap);
+        if (capInput == CapabilityInput::Unknown) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "Disable_State",
+                                             "Capability enum " + MG_Util::ConvertCapabilityInputToString(capInput) +
+                                                 "(" + MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(cap) + ") is not supported."));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        MG_State::pGLContext->SetCapability(capInput, false);
+    }
+
+    void DepthRange_State(GLclampd near_val, GLclampd far_val) {
+        // TODO: implement
+    }
+
+    void DepthMask_State(GLboolean flag) {
+        MG_State::pGLContext->SetDepthMask(flag == GL_TRUE);
+    }
+
+    void DepthFunc_State(GLenum func) {
+        DepthTestFunc depthFunc = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToDepthTestFunc(func);
+        if (depthFunc == DepthTestFunc::Unknown) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "DepthFunc_State",
+                                             "Depth function enum " + MG_Util::ConvertDepthTestFuncToString(depthFunc) +
+                                                 "(" + MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(func) + ") is not supported."));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        MG_State::pGLContext->SetDepthFunc(depthFunc);
+    }
+
+    void CullFace_State(GLenum mode) {
+        CullFaceMode cullFaceMode = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToCullFaceMode(mode);
+        if (cullFaceMode == CullFaceMode::Unknown) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "CullFace_State",
+                                             "Cull face mode enum " +
+                                                 MG_Util::ConvertCullFaceModeToString(cullFaceMode) + "(" +
+                                                 MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(mode) + ") is not supported."));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        MG_State::pGLContext->SetCullFaceMode(cullFaceMode);
+    }
+
+    void ColorMask_State(GLboolean red, GLboolean green, GLboolean blue, GLboolean alpha) {
+        MG_State::pGLContext->SetColorMask(
+            BoolVec4(red == GL_TRUE, green == GL_TRUE, blue == GL_TRUE, alpha == GL_TRUE));
+    }
+
+    void ClampColor_State(GLenum target, GLenum clamp) {
+        // TODO: implement
+    }
+
+    void BlendFuncSeparate_State(GLenum sfactorRGB, GLenum dfactorRGB, GLenum sfactorAlpha, GLenum dfactorAlpha) {
+        BlendFactor srcRGB = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToBlendFactor(sfactorRGB);
+        BlendFactor dstRGB = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToBlendFactor(dfactorRGB);
+        BlendFactor srcAlpha = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToBlendFactor(sfactorAlpha);
+        BlendFactor dstAlpha = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToBlendFactor(dfactorAlpha);
+
+        if (srcRGB == BlendFactor::Unknown || dstRGB == BlendFactor::Unknown || srcAlpha == BlendFactor::Unknown ||
+            dstAlpha == BlendFactor::Unknown) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "BlendFuncSeparate_State",
+                                             "One of the blend factor enums is not supported: srcRGB " +
+                                                 MG_Util::ConvertBlendFactorToString(srcRGB) + "(" +
+                                                 MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(sfactorRGB) + "), dstRGB " +
+                                                 MG_Util::ConvertBlendFactorToString(dstRGB) + "(" +
+                                                 MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(dfactorRGB) + "), srcAlpha " +
+                                                 MG_Util::ConvertBlendFactorToString(srcAlpha) + "(" +
+                                                 MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(sfactorAlpha) + "), dstAlpha " +
+                                                 MG_Util::ConvertBlendFactorToString(dstAlpha) + "(" +
+                                                 MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(dfactorAlpha) + ")."));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        MG_State::pGLContext->SetBlendFunc(srcRGB, dstRGB, srcAlpha, dstAlpha);
+    }
+
+    void BlendFunc_State(GLenum sfactor, GLenum dfactor) {
+        BlendFuncSeparate_State(sfactor, dfactor, sfactor, dfactor);
+    }
+
+    void BlendEquation_State(GLenum mode) {
+        // TODO: implement
+    }
+
+    void BlendColor_State(GLfloat red, GLfloat green, GLfloat blue, GLfloat alpha) {
+        // TODO: implement
+    }
+
+    void ClearStencil_State(GLint s) {
+        MG_State::pGLContext->SetClearStencil(static_cast<Int>(s));
+    }
+
+    void ClearDepth_State(GLclampd depth) {
+        MG_State::pGLContext->SetClearDepth(static_cast<Float>(depth));
+    }
+
+    void ClearColor_State(GLfloat red, GLfloat green, GLfloat blue, GLfloat alpha) {
+        MG_State::pGLContext->SetClearColor(FloatVec4(red, green, blue, alpha));
+    }
+
+    void BlendFuncSeparatei_State(GLuint buf, GLenum srcRGB, GLenum dstRGB, GLenum srcAlpha, GLenum dstAlpha) {
+        if (buf >= MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject::MAX_DRAW_BUFFERS) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
+                    "MG_Impl/GLImpl", "BlendFuncSeparatei_State",
+                    "Buffer index " + std::to_string(buf) + " is out of range. Max supported is " +
+                        std::to_string(MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject::MAX_DRAW_BUFFERS - 1) + "."));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        BlendFactor srcRGBM = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToBlendFactor(srcRGB);
+        BlendFactor dstRGBM = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToBlendFactor(dstRGB);
+        BlendFactor srcAlphaM = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToBlendFactor(srcAlpha);
+        BlendFactor dstAlphaM = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToBlendFactor(dstAlpha);
+        MG_State::pGLContext->SetBlendFuncIndexed(buf, srcRGBM, dstRGBM, srcAlphaM, dstAlphaM);
+    }
+
+    void Disablei_State(GLenum target, GLuint index) {
+        auto capInput = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToCapabilityInput(target);
+        if (capInput == CapabilityInput::Unknown) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "Disablei_State",
+                                             "Capability enum " + MG_Util::ConvertCapabilityInputToString(capInput) +
+                                                 "(" + MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(target) + ") is not supported."));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        MG_State::pGLContext->SetCapabilityIndexed(capInput, index, false);
+    }
+
+    void Enablei_State(GLenum target, GLuint index) {
+        auto capInput = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToCapabilityInput(target);
+        if (capInput == CapabilityInput::Unknown) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "Enablei_State",
+                                             "Capability enum " + MG_Util::ConvertCapabilityInputToString(capInput) +
+                                                 "(" + MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(target) + ") is not supported."));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        MG_State::pGLContext->SetCapabilityIndexed(capInput, index, true);
+    }
+
+    /* @INSERTION_POINT:FUNCTION_IMPLEMENTATION@ */
+    void BlendFuncSeparatei(GLuint buf, GLenum srcRGB, GLenum dstRGB, GLenum srcAlpha, GLenum dstAlpha) {
+        BlendFuncSeparatei_State(buf, srcRGB, dstRGB, srcAlpha, dstAlpha);
+    }
+
+    void Disablei(GLenum target, GLuint index) {
+        Disablei_State(target, index);
+    }
+
+    void Enablei(GLenum target, GLuint index) {
+        Enablei_State(target, index);
+    }
+
+    void BlendFunc(GLenum sfactor, GLenum dfactor) {
+        BlendFunc_State(sfactor, dfactor);
+    }
+
+    void Viewport(GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height) {
+        Viewport_State(x, y, width, height);
+    }
+
+    void StencilOpSeparate(GLenum face, GLenum sfail, GLenum dpfail, GLenum dppass) {
+        StencilOpSeparate_State(face, sfail, dpfail, dppass);
+    }
+
+    void StencilOp(GLenum fail, GLenum zfail, GLenum zpass) {
+        StencilOp_State(fail, zfail, zpass);
+    }
+
+    void StencilMaskSeparate(GLenum face, GLuint mask) {
+        StencilMaskSeparate_State(face, mask);
+    }
+
+    void StencilMask(GLuint mask) {
+        StencilMask_State(mask);
+    }
+
+    void StencilFuncSeparate(GLenum face, GLenum func, GLint ref, GLuint mask) {
+        StencilFuncSeparate_State(face, func, ref, mask);
+    }
+
+    void StencilFunc(GLenum func, GLint ref, GLuint mask) {
+        StencilFunc_State(func, ref, mask);
+    }
+
+    void Scissor(GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height) {
+        Scissor_State(x, y, width, height);
+    }
+
+    void SampleCoverage(GLfloat value, GLboolean invert) {
+        SampleCoverage_State(value, invert);
+    }
+
+    void PolygonOffset(GLfloat factor, GLfloat units) {
+        PolygonOffset_State(factor, units);
+    }
+
+    void PolygonMode(GLenum face, GLenum mode) {
+        PolygonMode_State(face, mode);
+    }
+
+    void PointSize(GLfloat size) {
+        PointSize_State(size);
+    }
+
+    void PointParameterf(GLenum pname, GLfloat param) {
+        PointParameterf_State(pname, param);
+    }
+
+    void PointParameteri(GLenum pname, GLint param) {
+        PointParameteri_State(pname, param);
+    }
+
+    void PixelStorei(GLenum pname, GLint param) {
+        PixelStorei_State(pname, param);
+    }
+
+    void LogicOp(GLenum opcode) {
+        LogicOp_State(opcode);
+    }
 
-        void ClearColor_State(GLfloat red, GLfloat green, GLfloat blue, GLfloat alpha) {
-            MG_State::pGLContext->SetClearColor(FloatVec4(red, green, blue, alpha));
-        }
-
-        void BlendFuncSeparatei_State(GLuint buf, GLenum srcRGB, GLenum dstRGB, GLenum srcAlpha, GLenum dstAlpha) {
-            if (buf >= MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject::MAX_DRAW_BUFFERS) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>(
-                        "MG_Impl/GLImpl", "BlendFuncSeparatei_State",
-                        "Buffer index " + std::to_string(buf) + " is out of range. Max supported is " +
-                            std::to_string(MG_State::GLState::FramebufferObject::MAX_DRAW_BUFFERS - 1) + "."));
-                return;
-            }
-
-            BlendFactor srcRGBM = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToBlendFactor(srcRGB);
-            BlendFactor dstRGBM = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToBlendFactor(dstRGB);
-            BlendFactor srcAlphaM = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToBlendFactor(srcAlpha);
-            BlendFactor dstAlphaM = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToBlendFactor(dstAlpha);
-            MG_State::pGLContext->SetBlendFuncIndexed(buf, srcRGBM, dstRGBM, srcAlphaM, dstAlphaM);
-        }
-
-        void Disablei_State(GLenum target, GLuint index) {
-            auto capInput = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToCapabilityInput(target);
-            if (capInput == CapabilityInput::Unknown) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "Disablei_State",
-                                                 "Capability enum " +
-                                                     MG_Util::ConvertCapabilityInputToString(capInput) + "(" +
-                                                     MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(target) + ") is not supported."));
-                return;
-            }
-
-            MG_State::pGLContext->SetCapabilityIndexed(capInput, index, false);
-        }
-
-        void Enablei_State(GLenum target, GLuint index) {
-            auto capInput = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToCapabilityInput(target);
-            if (capInput == CapabilityInput::Unknown) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "Enablei_State",
-                                                 "Capability enum " +
-                                                     MG_Util::ConvertCapabilityInputToString(capInput) + "(" +
-                                                     MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToString(target) + ") is not supported."));
-                return;
-            }
-
-            MG_State::pGLContext->SetCapabilityIndexed(capInput, index, true);
-        }
-
-        /* @INSERTION_POINT:FUNCTION_IMPLEMENTATION@ */
-        void BlendFuncSeparatei(GLuint buf, GLenum srcRGB, GLenum dstRGB, GLenum srcAlpha, GLenum dstAlpha) {
-            BlendFuncSeparatei_State(buf, srcRGB, dstRGB, srcAlpha, dstAlpha);
-        }
-
-        void Disablei(GLenum target, GLuint index) {
-            Disablei_State(target, index);
-        }
-
-        void Enablei(GLenum target, GLuint index) {
-            Enablei_State(target, index);
-        }
-
-        void BlendFunc(GLenum sfactor, GLenum dfactor) {
-            BlendFunc_State(sfactor, dfactor);
-        }
-
-        void Viewport(GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height) {
-            Viewport_State(x, y, width, height);
-        }
-
-        void StencilOpSeparate(GLenum face, GLenum sfail, GLenum dpfail, GLenum dppass) {
-            StencilOpSeparate_State(face, sfail, dpfail, dppass);
-        }
-
-        void StencilOp(GLenum fail, GLenum zfail, GLenum zpass) {
-            StencilOp_State(fail, zfail, zpass);
-        }
-
-        void StencilMaskSeparate(GLenum face, GLuint mask) {
-            StencilMaskSeparate_State(face, mask);
-        }
-
-        void StencilMask(GLuint mask) {
-            StencilMask_State(mask);
-        }
-
-        void StencilFuncSeparate(GLenum face, GLenum func, GLint ref, GLuint mask) {
-            StencilFuncSeparate_State(face, func, ref, mask);
-        }
-
-        void StencilFunc(GLenum func, GLint ref, GLuint mask) {
-            StencilFunc_State(func, ref, mask);
-        }
-
-        void Scissor(GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height) {
-            Scissor_State(x, y, width, height);
-        }
-
-        void SampleCoverage(GLfloat value, GLboolean invert) {
-            SampleCoverage_State(value, invert);
-        }
-
-        void PolygonOffset(GLfloat factor, GLfloat units) {
-            PolygonOffset_State(factor, units);
-        }
+    void LineWidth(GLfloat width) {
+        LineWidth_State(width);
+    }
+
+    GLboolean IsEnabledi(GLenum target, GLuint index) {
+        return IsEnabledi_State(target, index);
+    }
+
+    GLboolean IsEnabled(GLenum cap) {
+        return IsEnabled_State(cap);
+    }
 
-        void PolygonMode(GLenum face, GLenum mode) {
-            PolygonMode_State(face, mode);
-        }
+    void Hint(GLenum target, GLenum mode) {
+        Hint_State(target, mode);
+    }
 
-        void PointSize(GLfloat size) {
-            PointSize_State(size);
-        }
+    void FrontFace(GLenum mode) {
+        FrontFace_State(mode);
+    }
+
+    void Enable(GLenum cap) {
+        Enable_State(cap);
+    }
 
-        void PointParameterf(GLenum pname, GLfloat param) {
-            PointParameterf_State(pname, param);
-        }
+    void Disable(GLenum cap) {
+        Disable_State(cap);
+    }
 
-        void PointParameteri(GLenum pname, GLint param) {
-            PointParameteri_State(pname, param);
-        }
+    void DepthRange(GLclampd near_val, GLclampd far_val) {
+        DepthRange_State(near_val, far_val);
+    }
 
-        void PixelStorei(GLenum pname, GLint param) {
-            PixelStorei_State(pname, param);
-        }
-
-        void LogicOp(GLenum opcode) {
-            LogicOp_State(opcode);
-        }
-
-        void LineWidth(GLfloat width) {
-            LineWidth_State(width);
-        }
+    void DepthMask(GLboolean flag) {
+        DepthMask_State(flag);
+    }
 
-        GLboolean IsEnabledi(GLenum target, GLuint index) {
-            return IsEnabledi_State(target, index);
-        }
+    void DepthFunc(GLenum func) {
+        DepthFunc_State(func);
+    }
 
-        GLboolean IsEnabled(GLenum cap) {
-            return IsEnabled_State(cap);
-        }
+    void CullFace(GLenum mode) {
+        CullFace_State(mode);
+    }
 
-        void Hint(GLenum target, GLenum mode) {
-            Hint_State(target, mode);
-        }
+    void ColorMask(GLboolean red, GLboolean green, GLboolean blue, GLboolean alpha) {
+        ColorMask_State(red, green, blue, alpha);
+    }
 
-        void FrontFace(GLenum mode) {
-            FrontFace_State(mode);
-        }
+    void ClampColor(GLenum target, GLenum clamp) {
+        ClampColor_State(target, clamp);
+    }
 
-        void Enable(GLenum cap) {
-            Enable_State(cap);
-        }
+    void BlendFuncSeparate(GLenum sfactorRGB, GLenum dfactorRGB, GLenum sfactorAlpha, GLenum dfactorAlpha) {
+        BlendFuncSeparate_State(sfactorRGB, dfactorRGB, sfactorAlpha, dfactorAlpha);
+    }
 
-        void Disable(GLenum cap) {
-            Disable_State(cap);
-        }
+    void BlendEquation(GLenum mode) {
+        BlendEquation_State(mode);
+    }
 
-        void DepthRange(GLclampd near_val, GLclampd far_val) {
-            DepthRange_State(near_val, far_val);
-        }
+    void BlendColor(GLfloat red, GLfloat green, GLfloat blue, GLfloat alpha) {
+        BlendColor_State(red, green, blue, alpha);
+    }
 
-        void DepthMask(GLboolean flag) {
-            DepthMask_State(flag);
-        }
+    void ClearStencil(GLint s) {
+        ClearStencil_State(s);
+    }
 
-        void DepthFunc(GLenum func) {
-            DepthFunc_State(func);
-        }
+    void ClearDepth(GLclampd depth) {
+        ClearDepth_State(depth);
+    }
 
-        void CullFace(GLenum mode) {
-            CullFace_State(mode);
-        }
-
-        void ColorMask(GLboolean red, GLboolean green, GLboolean blue, GLboolean alpha) {
-            ColorMask_State(red, green, blue, alpha);
-        }
-
-        void ClampColor(GLenum target, GLenum clamp) {
-            ClampColor_State(target, clamp);
-        }
-
-        void BlendFuncSeparate(GLenum sfactorRGB, GLenum dfactorRGB, GLenum sfactorAlpha, GLenum dfactorAlpha) {
-            BlendFuncSeparate_State(sfactorRGB, dfactorRGB, sfactorAlpha, dfactorAlpha);
-        }
-
-        void BlendEquation(GLenum mode) {
-            BlendEquation_State(mode);
-        }
-
-        void BlendColor(GLfloat red, GLfloat green, GLfloat blue, GLfloat alpha) {
-            BlendColor_State(red, green, blue, alpha);
-        }
-
-        void ClearStencil(GLint s) {
-            ClearStencil_State(s);
-        }
-
-        void ClearDepth(GLclampd depth) {
-            ClearDepth_State(depth);
-        }
-
-        void ClearColor(GLfloat red, GLfloat green, GLfloat blue, GLfloat alpha) {
-            ClearColor_State(red, green, blue, alpha);
-        }
-    } // namespace MG_Impl::GLImpl
-} // namespace MobileGL
+    void ClearColor(GLfloat red, GLfloat green, GLfloat blue, GLfloat alpha) {
+        ClearColor_State(red, green, blue, alpha);
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl

MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/RenderState/GL_RenderState.h

@@ -9,47 +9,45 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <Includes.h>
 
-namespace MobileGL {
-    namespace MG_Impl::GLImpl {
-        /* @INSERTION_POINT:FUNCTION_DECLARATION@ */
-        void BlendFuncSeparatei(GLuint buf, GLenum srcRGB, GLenum dstRGB, GLenum srcAlpha, GLenum dstAlpha);
-        void Disablei(GLenum target, GLuint index);
-        void Enablei(GLenum target, GLuint index);
-        void BlendFunc(GLenum sfactor, GLenum dfactor);
-        void Viewport(GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height);
-        void StencilOpSeparate(GLenum face, GLenum sfail, GLenum dpfail, GLenum dppass);
-        void StencilOp(GLenum fail, GLenum zfail, GLenum zpass);
-        void StencilMaskSeparate(GLenum face, GLuint mask);
-        void StencilMask(GLuint mask);
-        void StencilFuncSeparate(GLenum face, GLenum func, GLint ref, GLuint mask);
-        void StencilFunc(GLenum func, GLint ref, GLuint mask);
-        void Scissor(GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height);
-        void SampleCoverage(GLfloat value, GLboolean invert);
-        void PolygonOffset(GLfloat factor, GLfloat units);
-        void PolygonMode(GLenum face, GLenum mode);
-        void PointSize(GLfloat size);
-        void PointParameterf(GLenum pname, GLfloat param);
-        void PointParameteri(GLenum pname, GLint param);
-        void PixelStorei(GLenum pname, GLint param);
-        void LogicOp(GLenum opcode);
-        void LineWidth(GLfloat width);
-        GLboolean IsEnabledi(GLenum target, GLuint index);
-        GLboolean IsEnabled(GLenum cap);
-        void Hint(GLenum target, GLenum mode);
-        void FrontFace(GLenum mode);
-        void Enable(GLenum cap);
-        void Disable(GLenum cap);
-        void DepthRange(GLclampd near_val, GLclampd far_val);
-        void DepthMask(GLboolean flag);
-        void DepthFunc(GLenum func);
-        void CullFace(GLenum mode);
-        void ColorMask(GLboolean red, GLboolean green, GLboolean blue, GLboolean alpha);
-        void ClampColor(GLenum target, GLenum clamp);
-        void BlendFuncSeparate(GLenum sfactorRGB, GLenum dfactorRGB, GLenum sfactorAlpha, GLenum dfactorAlpha);
-        void BlendEquation(GLenum mode);
-        void BlendColor(GLfloat red, GLfloat green, GLfloat blue, GLfloat alpha);
-        void ClearStencil(GLint s);
-        void ClearDepth(GLclampd depth);
-        void ClearColor(GLfloat red, GLfloat green, GLfloat blue, GLfloat alpha);
-    } // namespace MG_Impl::GLImpl
-} // namespace MobileGL
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
+    /* @INSERTION_POINT:FUNCTION_DECLARATION@ */
+    void BlendFuncSeparatei(GLuint buf, GLenum srcRGB, GLenum dstRGB, GLenum srcAlpha, GLenum dstAlpha);
+    void Disablei(GLenum target, GLuint index);
+    void Enablei(GLenum target, GLuint index);
+    void BlendFunc(GLenum sfactor, GLenum dfactor);
+    void Viewport(GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height);
+    void StencilOpSeparate(GLenum face, GLenum sfail, GLenum dpfail, GLenum dppass);
+    void StencilOp(GLenum fail, GLenum zfail, GLenum zpass);
+    void StencilMaskSeparate(GLenum face, GLuint mask);
+    void StencilMask(GLuint mask);
+    void StencilFuncSeparate(GLenum face, GLenum func, GLint ref, GLuint mask);
+    void StencilFunc(GLenum func, GLint ref, GLuint mask);
+    void Scissor(GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height);
+    void SampleCoverage(GLfloat value, GLboolean invert);
+    void PolygonOffset(GLfloat factor, GLfloat units);
+    void PolygonMode(GLenum face, GLenum mode);
+    void PointSize(GLfloat size);
+    void PointParameterf(GLenum pname, GLfloat param);
+    void PointParameteri(GLenum pname, GLint param);
+    void PixelStorei(GLenum pname, GLint param);
+    void LogicOp(GLenum opcode);
+    void LineWidth(GLfloat width);
+    GLboolean IsEnabledi(GLenum target, GLuint index);
+    GLboolean IsEnabled(GLenum cap);
+    void Hint(GLenum target, GLenum mode);
+    void FrontFace(GLenum mode);
+    void Enable(GLenum cap);
+    void Disable(GLenum cap);
+    void DepthRange(GLclampd near_val, GLclampd far_val);
+    void DepthMask(GLboolean flag);
+    void DepthFunc(GLenum func);
+    void CullFace(GLenum mode);
+    void ColorMask(GLboolean red, GLboolean green, GLboolean blue, GLboolean alpha);
+    void ClampColor(GLenum target, GLenum clamp);
+    void BlendFuncSeparate(GLenum sfactorRGB, GLenum dfactorRGB, GLenum sfactorAlpha, GLenum dfactorAlpha);
+    void BlendEquation(GLenum mode);
+    void BlendColor(GLfloat red, GLfloat green, GLfloat blue, GLfloat alpha);
+    void ClearStencil(GLint s);
+    void ClearDepth(GLclampd depth);
+    void ClearColor(GLfloat red, GLfloat green, GLfloat blue, GLfloat alpha);
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl

MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Sampler/GL_Sampler.cpp

@@ -12,254 +12,258 @@
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/GLToMG/TextureEnumConverter.h>
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToGL/TextureEnumConverter.h>
 
-namespace MobileGL {
-    namespace MG_Impl::GLImpl {
-        void SetSamplerParam_State(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, const void* param, bool isFloat, bool isInteger) {
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
+    void SetSamplerParam_State(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, const void* param, bool isFloat, bool isInteger) {
+        if (!SamplerImpl::ValidateSamplerName(sampler)) return;
+
+        Bool doesSamplerObjectCreated = MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateSamplerObject(sampler);
+        if (!doesSamplerObjectCreated) {
+            // Create one for compatibility
+            MG_State::pGLContext->CreateSamplerObject(sampler);
+        }
+        auto& samplerObj = MG_State::pGLContext->GetSamplerObject(sampler);
+        if (!SamplerImpl::ValidateSamplerObject(sampler)) return;
+
+        using namespace MG_Util;
+        switch (pname) {
+        case GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S:
+            samplerObj->SetWrapS(MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToSamplerWrapMode(*(const GLint*)param));
+            break;
+        case GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T:
+            samplerObj->SetWrapT(MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToSamplerWrapMode(*(const GLint*)param));
+            break;
+        case GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R:
+            samplerObj->SetWrapR(MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToSamplerWrapMode(*(const GLint*)param));
+            break;
+        case GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER:
+            samplerObj->SetMinFilter(MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToSamplerFilterMode(*(const GLint*)param));
+            samplerObj->SetMipmapMode(MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToSamplerMipmapMode(*(const GLint*)param));
+            break;
+        case GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER:
+            samplerObj->SetMagFilter(MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToSamplerFilterMode(*(const GLint*)param));
+            break;
+        case GL_TEXTURE_MIN_LOD:
+            samplerObj->SetLodRange(*(const GLfloat*)param, samplerObj->GetMaxLod());
+            break;
+        case GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LOD:
+            samplerObj->SetLodRange(samplerObj->GetMinLod(), *(const GLfloat*)param);
+            break;
+        case GL_TEXTURE_LOD_BIAS:
+            samplerObj->SetLodBias(*(const GLfloat*)param);
+            break;
+        case GL_TEXTURE_COMPARE_MODE:
+            samplerObj->SetCompareMode(MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToSamplerCompareMode(*(const GLint*)param));
+            break;
+        case GL_TEXTURE_COMPARE_FUNC:
+            samplerObj->SetSamplerCompareFunc(MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToSamplerCompareFunc(*(const GLint*)param));
+            break;
+        default:
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
+                                              MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "SetSamplerParam_State",
+                                                                           "Invalid pname for sampler parameter"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void GetSamplerParam_State(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, void* params, bool isFloat, bool isInteger) {
+        if (!SamplerImpl::ValidateSamplerName(sampler)) return;
+
+        Bool doesSamplerObjectCreated = MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateSamplerObject(sampler);
+        if (!doesSamplerObjectCreated) {
+            // Create one for compatibility
+            MG_State::pGLContext->CreateSamplerObject(sampler);
+        }
+        auto& samplerObj = MG_State::pGLContext->GetSamplerObject(sampler);
+        if (!SamplerImpl::ValidateSamplerObject(sampler)) return;
+
+        using namespace MG_Util;
+        switch (pname) {
+        case GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S:
+            *(GLuint*)params = MG_Util::ConvertSamplerWrapModeToGLEnum(samplerObj->GetWrapS());
+            break;
+        case GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T:
+            *(GLuint*)params = MG_Util::ConvertSamplerWrapModeToGLEnum(samplerObj->GetWrapT());
+            break;
+        case GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R:
+            *(GLuint*)params = MG_Util::ConvertSamplerWrapModeToGLEnum(samplerObj->GetWrapR());
+            break;
+        case GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER:
+            *(GLuint*)params =
+                MG_Util::ConvertSamplerFilterModeToGLEnum(samplerObj->GetMinFilter(), samplerObj->GetMipmapMode());
+            break;
+        case GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER:
+            *(GLuint*)params =
+                MG_Util::ConvertSamplerFilterModeToGLEnum(samplerObj->GetMagFilter(), SamplerMipmapMode::None);
+            break;
+        case GL_TEXTURE_MIN_LOD:
+            *(GLfloat*)params = samplerObj->GetMinLod();
+            break;
+        case GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LOD:
+            *(GLfloat*)params = samplerObj->GetMaxLod();
+            break;
+        case GL_TEXTURE_LOD_BIAS:
+            *(GLfloat*)params = samplerObj->GetLodBias();
+            break;
+        case GL_TEXTURE_COMPARE_MODE:
+            *(GLuint*)params = MG_Util::ConvertSamplerCompareModeToGLEnum(samplerObj->GetCompareMode());
+            break;
+        case GL_TEXTURE_COMPARE_FUNC:
+            *(GLuint*)params = MG_Util::ConvertSamplerCompareFuncToGLEnum(samplerObj->GetSamplerCompareFunc());
+            break;
+        default:
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
+                                              MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "GetSamplerParam_State",
+                                                                           "Invalid pname for sampler parameter"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    GLboolean IsSampler_State(GLuint sampler) {
+        return MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateSamplerObject(sampler) ? GL_TRUE : GL_FALSE;
+    }
+
+    // migrate below functions without "_State" into this section
+    void GenSamplers_State(GLsizei count, GLuint* samplers) {
+        if (count < 0) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "GenSamplers", "count must be non-negative"));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        static thread_local Vector<GLuint> names;
+        MG_State::pGLContext->GenSamplerNames(count, names);
+        Memcpy(samplers, names.data(), count * sizeof(GLuint));
+    }
+
+    void DeleteSamplers_State(GLsizei count, const GLuint* samplers) {
+        if (count < 0) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "DeleteSamplers", "count must be non-negative"));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (GLsizei i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+            if (samplers[i] != 0) {
+                MG_State::pGLContext->MarkSamplerObjectForDeletion(samplers[i]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void CreateSamplers_State(GLsizei n, GLuint* samplers) {
+        if (n < 0) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "GenSamplers", "count must be non-negative"));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        static thread_local Vector<GLuint> names;
+        MG_State::pGLContext->GenSamplerNames(n, names);
+        Memcpy(samplers, names.data(), n * sizeof(GLuint));
+        for (GLsizei i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            samplers[i] = names[i];
+            MG_State::pGLContext->CreateSamplerObject(names[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void BindSampler_State(GLuint unit, GLuint sampler) {
+        if (unit >= MG_State::GLState::TextureState::MAX_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "BindSampler", "texture unit out of range"));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        auto& textureUnit = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTextureUnitObject((Int)unit);
+        if (sampler == 0) {
+            textureUnit.SetSamplerObject(nullptr);
+        } else {
             if (!SamplerImpl::ValidateSamplerName(sampler)) return;
-
-            auto samplerObj = MG_State::pGLContext->GetSamplerObject(sampler);
-            if (!samplerObj) {
-                samplerObj = MG_State::pGLContext->CreateSamplerObject(sampler); // for compatibility
+            Bool doesSamplerObjectCreated = MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateSamplerObject(sampler);
+            if (!doesSamplerObjectCreated) {
+                MG_State::pGLContext->CreateSamplerObject(sampler);
             }
-            if (!SamplerImpl::ValidateSamplerObject(sampler)) return;
+            auto& samplerObject = MG_State::pGLContext->GetSamplerObject(sampler);
 
-            using namespace MG_Util;
-            switch (pname) {
-            case GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S:
-                samplerObj->SetWrapS(MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToSamplerWrapMode(*(const GLint*)param));
-                break;
-            case GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T:
-                samplerObj->SetWrapT(MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToSamplerWrapMode(*(const GLint*)param));
-                break;
-            case GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R:
-                samplerObj->SetWrapR(MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToSamplerWrapMode(*(const GLint*)param));
-                break;
-            case GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER:
-                samplerObj->SetMinFilter(MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToSamplerFilterMode(*(const GLint*)param));
-                samplerObj->SetMipmapMode(MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToSamplerMipmapMode(*(const GLint*)param));
-                break;
-            case GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER:
-                samplerObj->SetMagFilter(MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToSamplerFilterMode(*(const GLint*)param));
-                break;
-            case GL_TEXTURE_MIN_LOD:
-                samplerObj->SetLodRange(*(const GLfloat*)param, samplerObj->GetMaxLod());
-                break;
-            case GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LOD:
-                samplerObj->SetLodRange(samplerObj->GetMinLod(), *(const GLfloat*)param);
-                break;
-            case GL_TEXTURE_LOD_BIAS:
-                samplerObj->SetLodBias(*(const GLfloat*)param);
-                break;
-            case GL_TEXTURE_COMPARE_MODE:
-                samplerObj->SetCompareMode(MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToSamplerCompareMode(*(const GLint*)param));
-                break;
-            case GL_TEXTURE_COMPARE_FUNC:
-                samplerObj->SetSamplerCompareFunc(MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToSamplerCompareFunc(*(const GLint*)param));
-                break;
-            default:
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidEnum, MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "SetSamplerParam_State",
-                                                                         "Invalid pname for sampler parameter"));
-            }
+            textureUnit.SetSamplerObject(MG_State::pGLContext->GetSamplerObject(sampler));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void BindSamplers_State(GLuint first, GLsizei count, const GLuint* samplers) {
+        if (count < 0) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "BindSamplers", "count must be non-negative"));
+            return;
         }
 
-        void GetSamplerParam_State(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, void* params, bool isFloat, bool isInteger) {
-            if (!SamplerImpl::ValidateSamplerName(sampler)) return;
-
-            auto samplerObj = MG_State::pGLContext->GetSamplerObject(sampler);
-            if (!samplerObj) {
-                samplerObj = MG_State::pGLContext->CreateSamplerObject(sampler); // for compatibility
-            }
-            if (!SamplerImpl::ValidateSamplerObject(sampler)) return;
-
-            using namespace MG_Util;
-            switch (pname) {
-            case GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S:
-                *(GLint*)params = MG_Util::ConvertSamplerWrapModeToGLEnum(samplerObj->GetWrapS());
-                break;
-            case GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T:
-                *(GLint*)params = MG_Util::ConvertSamplerWrapModeToGLEnum(samplerObj->GetWrapT());
-                break;
-            case GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R:
-                *(GLint*)params = MG_Util::ConvertSamplerWrapModeToGLEnum(samplerObj->GetWrapR());
-                break;
-            case GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER:
-                *(GLint*)params =
-                    MG_Util::ConvertSamplerFilterModeToGLEnum(samplerObj->GetMinFilter(), samplerObj->GetMipmapMode());
-                break;
-            case GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER:
-                *(GLint*)params =
-                    MG_Util::ConvertSamplerFilterModeToGLEnum(samplerObj->GetMagFilter(), SamplerMipmapMode::None);
-                break;
-            case GL_TEXTURE_MIN_LOD:
-                *(GLfloat*)params = samplerObj->GetMinLod();
-                break;
-            case GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LOD:
-                *(GLfloat*)params = samplerObj->GetMaxLod();
-                break;
-            case GL_TEXTURE_LOD_BIAS:
-                *(GLfloat*)params = samplerObj->GetLodBias();
-                break;
-            case GL_TEXTURE_COMPARE_MODE:
-                *(GLint*)params = MG_Util::ConvertSamplerCompareModeToGLEnum(samplerObj->GetCompareMode());
-                break;
-            case GL_TEXTURE_COMPARE_FUNC:
-                *(GLint*)params = MG_Util::ConvertSamplerCompareFuncToGLEnum(samplerObj->GetSamplerCompareFunc());
-                break;
-            default:
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidEnum, MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "GetSamplerParam_State",
-                                                                         "Invalid pname for sampler parameter"));
-            }
+        for (GLsizei i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+            BindSampler_State(first + i, samplers ? samplers[i] : 0);
         }
+    }
 
-        GLboolean IsSampler_State(GLuint sampler) {
-            return MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateSamplerObject(sampler) ? GL_TRUE : GL_FALSE;
-        }
+    /* @INSERTION_POINT:FUNCTION_IMPLEMENTATION@ */
+    void GetSamplerParameteriv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, GLint* params) {
+        GetSamplerParam_State(sampler, pname, params, false, false);
+    }
 
-        // migrate below functions without "_State" into this section
-        void GenSamplers_State(GLsizei count, GLuint* samplers) {
-            if (count < 0) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "GenSamplers", "count must be non-negative"));
-                return;
-            }
+    void SamplerParameterIuiv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, const GLuint* param) {
+        SetSamplerParam_State(sampler, pname, param, false, true);
+    }
 
-            auto names = MG_State::pGLContext->GenSamplerNames(count);
-            for (GLsizei i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-                samplers[i] = names[i];
-            }
-        }
+    void SamplerParameterIiv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, const GLint* param) {
+        SetSamplerParam_State(sampler, pname, param, false, true);
+    }
 
-        void DeleteSamplers_State(GLsizei count, const GLuint* samplers) {
-            if (count < 0) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "DeleteSamplers", "count must be non-negative"));
-                return;
-            }
+    void SamplerParameteriv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, const GLint* param) {
+        SetSamplerParam_State(sampler, pname, param, false, false);
+    }
 
-            for (GLsizei i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-                if (samplers[i] != 0) {
-                    MG_State::pGLContext->MarkSamplerObjectForDeletion(samplers[i]);
-                }
-            }
-        }
+    void SamplerParameterfv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, const GLfloat* param) {
+        SetSamplerParam_State(sampler, pname, param, true, false);
+    }
 
-        void CreateSamplers_State(GLsizei n, GLuint* samplers) {
-            if (n < 0) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "GenSamplers", "count must be non-negative"));
-                return;
-            }
+    void SamplerParameteri(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, GLint param) {
+        SamplerParameteriv(sampler, pname, &param);
+    }
 
-            auto names = MG_State::pGLContext->GenSamplerNames(n);
-            for (GLsizei i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-                samplers[i] = names[i];
-                MG_State::pGLContext->CreateSamplerObject(names[i]);
-            }
-        }
+    void SamplerParameterf(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, GLfloat param) {
+        SamplerParameterfv(sampler, pname, &param);
+    }
 
-        void BindSampler_State(GLuint unit, GLuint sampler) {
-            if (unit >= MG_State::GLState::TextureState::MAX_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "BindSampler", "texture unit out of range"));
-                return;
-            }
+    GLboolean IsSampler(GLuint sampler) {
+        return IsSampler_State(sampler);
+    }
 
-            auto& textureUnit = MG_State::pGLContext->GetTextureUnitObject(unit);
-            if (sampler == 0) {
-                textureUnit.SetSamplerObject(nullptr);
-            } else {
-                if (!SamplerImpl::ValidateSamplerName(sampler)) return;
-                auto samplerObject = MG_State::pGLContext->GetSamplerObject(sampler);
-                if (!samplerObject) {
-                    samplerObject = MG_State::pGLContext->CreateSamplerObject(sampler);
-                }
+    void GetSamplerParameterIuiv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, GLuint* params) {
+        GetSamplerParam_State(sampler, pname, params, false, true);
+    }
 
-                textureUnit.SetSamplerObject(MG_State::pGLContext->GetSamplerObject(sampler));
-            }
-        }
+    void GetSamplerParameterIiv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, GLint* params) {
+        GetSamplerParam_State(sampler, pname, params, false, true);
+    }
 
-        void BindSamplers_State(GLuint first, GLsizei count, const GLuint* samplers) {
-            if (count < 0) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "BindSamplers", "count must be non-negative"));
-                return;
-            }
+    void GetSamplerParameterfv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, GLfloat* params) {
+        GetSamplerParam_State(sampler, pname, params, true, false);
+    }
 
-            for (GLsizei i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-                BindSampler_State(first + i, samplers ? samplers[i] : 0);
-            }
-        }
+    void GenSamplers(GLsizei count, GLuint* samplers) {
+        GenSamplers_State(count, samplers);
+    }
 
-        /* @INSERTION_POINT:FUNCTION_IMPLEMENTATION@ */
-        void GetSamplerParameteriv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, GLint* params) {
-            GetSamplerParam_State(sampler, pname, params, false, false);
-        }
+    void DeleteSamplers(GLsizei count, const GLuint* samplers) {
+        DeleteSamplers_State(count, samplers);
+    }
 
-        void SamplerParameterIuiv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, const GLuint* param) {
-            SetSamplerParam_State(sampler, pname, param, false, true);
-        }
+    void CreateSamplers(GLsizei n, GLuint* samplers) {
+        CreateSamplers_State(n, samplers);
+    }
 
-        void SamplerParameterIiv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, const GLint* param) {
-            SetSamplerParam_State(sampler, pname, param, false, true);
-        }
+    void BindSamplers(GLuint first, GLsizei count, const GLuint* samplers) {
+        BindSamplers_State(first, count, samplers);
+    }
 
-        void SamplerParameteriv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, const GLint* param) {
-            SetSamplerParam_State(sampler, pname, param, false, false);
-        }
-
-        void SamplerParameterfv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, const GLfloat* param) {
-            SetSamplerParam_State(sampler, pname, param, true, false);
-        }
-
-        void SamplerParameteri(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, GLint param) {
-            SamplerParameteriv(sampler, pname, &param);
-        }
-
-        void SamplerParameterf(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, GLfloat param) {
-            SamplerParameterfv(sampler, pname, &param);
-        }
-
-        GLboolean IsSampler(GLuint sampler) {
-            return IsSampler_State(sampler);
-        }
-
-        void GetSamplerParameterIuiv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, GLuint* params) {
-            GetSamplerParam_State(sampler, pname, params, false, true);
-        }
-
-        void GetSamplerParameterIiv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, GLint* params) {
-            GetSamplerParam_State(sampler, pname, params, false, true);
-        }
-
-        void GetSamplerParameterfv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, GLfloat* params) {
-            GetSamplerParam_State(sampler, pname, params, true, false);
-        }
-
-        void GenSamplers(GLsizei count, GLuint* samplers) {
-            GenSamplers_State(count, samplers);
-        }
-
-        void DeleteSamplers(GLsizei count, const GLuint* samplers) {
-            DeleteSamplers_State(count, samplers);
-        }
-
-        void CreateSamplers(GLsizei n, GLuint* samplers) {
-            CreateSamplers_State(n, samplers);
-        }
-
-        void BindSamplers(GLuint first, GLsizei count, const GLuint* samplers) {
-            BindSamplers_State(first, count, samplers);
-        }
-
-        void BindSampler(GLuint unit, GLuint sampler) {
-            BindSampler_State(unit, sampler);
-        }
-    } // namespace MG_Impl::GLImpl
-} // namespace MobileGL
+    void BindSampler(GLuint unit, GLuint sampler) {
+        BindSampler_State(unit, sampler);
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl

MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Sampler/GL_Sampler.h

@@ -9,24 +9,22 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <Includes.h>
 
-namespace MobileGL {
-    namespace MG_Impl::GLImpl {
-        /* @INSERTION_POINT:FUNCTION_DECLARATION@ */
-        void GetSamplerParameteriv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, GLint* params);
-        void SamplerParameterIuiv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, const GLuint* param);
-        void SamplerParameterIiv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, const GLint* param);
-        void SamplerParameteriv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, const GLint* param);
-        void SamplerParameterfv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, const GLfloat* param);
-        void SamplerParameteri(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, GLint param);
-        void SamplerParameterf(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, GLfloat param);
-        GLboolean IsSampler(GLuint sampler);
-        void GetSamplerParameterIuiv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, GLuint* params);
-        void GetSamplerParameterIiv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, GLint* params);
-        void GetSamplerParameterfv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, GLfloat* params);
-        void GenSamplers(GLsizei count, GLuint* samplers);
-        void DeleteSamplers(GLsizei count, const GLuint* samplers);
-        void CreateSamplers(GLsizei n, GLuint* samplers);
-        void BindSamplers(GLuint first, GLsizei count, const GLuint* samplers);
-        void BindSampler(GLuint unit, GLuint sampler);
-    } // namespace MG_Impl::GLImpl
-} // namespace MobileGL
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
+    /* @INSERTION_POINT:FUNCTION_DECLARATION@ */
+    void GetSamplerParameteriv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, GLint* params);
+    void SamplerParameterIuiv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, const GLuint* param);
+    void SamplerParameterIiv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, const GLint* param);
+    void SamplerParameteriv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, const GLint* param);
+    void SamplerParameterfv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, const GLfloat* param);
+    void SamplerParameteri(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, GLint param);
+    void SamplerParameterf(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, GLfloat param);
+    GLboolean IsSampler(GLuint sampler);
+    void GetSamplerParameterIuiv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, GLuint* params);
+    void GetSamplerParameterIiv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, GLint* params);
+    void GetSamplerParameterfv(GLuint sampler, GLenum pname, GLfloat* params);
+    void GenSamplers(GLsizei count, GLuint* samplers);
+    void DeleteSamplers(GLsizei count, const GLuint* samplers);
+    void CreateSamplers(GLsizei n, GLuint* samplers);
+    void BindSamplers(GLuint first, GLsizei count, const GLuint* samplers);
+    void BindSampler(GLuint unit, GLuint sampler);
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl

MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Sampler/Validators.cpp

@@ -11,126 +11,122 @@
 #include <MG_State/GLState/ErrorState/Error.h>
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/GLToMG/TextureEnumConverter.h>
 
-namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
-    namespace SamplerImpl {
-        Bool ValidateSamplerName(GLuint sampler) {
-            if (!MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateSamplerName(sampler)) {
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::SamplerImpl {
+    Bool ValidateSamplerName(GLuint sampler) {
+        if (!MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateSamplerName(sampler)) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidValue, MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateSamplerName",
+                                                                      std::format("Invalid sampler name {}", sampler)));
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool ValidateSamplerObject(GLuint sampler) {
+        if (!MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateSamplerObject(sampler)) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateSamplerObject",
+                                             std::format("Sampler object {} does not exist", sampler)));
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool ValidateSamplerParam(GLenum pname, GLenum param) {
+        using namespace MG_Util;
+        switch (pname) {
+        case GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S:
+        case GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T:
+        case GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R:
+            if (MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToSamplerWrapMode(param) == SamplerWrapMode::Unknown) {
+                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
+                                                  MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateSamplerParam",
+                                                                               "Invalid wrap mode parameter"));
+                return false;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER:
+            if (MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToSamplerFilterMode(param) == SamplerFilterMode::Unknown) {
+                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
+                                                  MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateSamplerParam",
+                                                                               "Invalid min filter parameter"));
+                return false;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER:
+            if (param != GL_NEAREST && param != GL_LINEAR) {
+                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
+                                                  MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateSamplerParam",
+                                                                               "Invalid mag filter parameter"));
+                return false;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case GL_TEXTURE_COMPARE_MODE:
+            if (param != GL_NONE && param != GL_COMPARE_REF_TO_TEXTURE) {
+                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
+                                                  MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateSamplerParam",
+                                                                               "Invalid compare mode parameter"));
+                return false;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case GL_TEXTURE_COMPARE_FUNC:
+            if (param < GL_LEQUAL || param > GL_ALWAYS) {
+                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
+                                                  MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateSamplerParam",
+                                                                               "Invalid compare function parameter"));
+                return false;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
+                                              MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateSamplerParam",
+                                                                           "Invalid pname for sampler parameter"));
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool ValidateSamplerFloatParam(GLenum pname, GLfloat param) {
+        switch (pname) {
+        case GL_TEXTURE_MIN_LOD:
+        case GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LOD:
+        case GL_TEXTURE_LOD_BIAS:
+            return true;
+
+        case GL_TEXTURE_BORDER_COLOR:
+            if (param < 0.0f || param > 1.0f) {
+                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                    ErrorCode::InvalidValue, MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateSamplerFloatParam",
+                                                                          "Border color component out of [0,1] range"));
+                return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+
+        default:
+            return ValidateSamplerParam(pname, static_cast<GLenum>(param));
+        }
+    }
+
+    Bool ValidateSamplerIntParam(GLenum pname, GLint param) {
+        switch (pname) {
+        case GL_TEXTURE_BORDER_COLOR:
+            if (param < 0 || param > 255) {
                 MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                     ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateSamplerName",
-                                                 std::format("Invalid sampler name {}", sampler)));
+                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateSamplerIntParam",
+                                                 "Border color component out of [0,255] range"));
                 return false;
             }
             return true;
+
+        default:
+            return ValidateSamplerParam(pname, static_cast<GLenum>(param));
         }
-
-        Bool ValidateSamplerObject(GLuint sampler) {
-            if (!MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateSamplerObject(sampler)) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateSamplerObject",
-                                                 std::format("Sampler object {} does not exist", sampler)));
-                return false;
-            }
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        Bool ValidateSamplerParam(GLenum pname, GLenum param) {
-            using namespace MG_Util;
-            switch (pname) {
-            case GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S:
-            case GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T:
-            case GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R:
-                if (MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToSamplerWrapMode(param) == SamplerWrapMode::Unknown) {
-                    MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                        ErrorCode::InvalidEnum, MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateSamplerParam",
-                                                                             "Invalid wrap mode parameter"));
-                    return false;
-                }
-                break;
-
-            case GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER:
-                if (MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToSamplerFilterMode(param) == SamplerFilterMode::Unknown) {
-                    MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                        ErrorCode::InvalidEnum, MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateSamplerParam",
-                                                                             "Invalid min filter parameter"));
-                    return false;
-                }
-                break;
-
-            case GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER:
-                if (param != GL_NEAREST && param != GL_LINEAR) {
-                    MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                        ErrorCode::InvalidEnum, MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateSamplerParam",
-                                                                             "Invalid mag filter parameter"));
-                    return false;
-                }
-                break;
-
-            case GL_TEXTURE_COMPARE_MODE:
-                if (param != GL_NONE && param != GL_COMPARE_REF_TO_TEXTURE) {
-                    MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                        ErrorCode::InvalidEnum, MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateSamplerParam",
-                                                                             "Invalid compare mode parameter"));
-                    return false;
-                }
-                break;
-
-            case GL_TEXTURE_COMPARE_FUNC:
-                if (param < GL_LEQUAL || param > GL_ALWAYS) {
-                    MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                        ErrorCode::InvalidEnum, MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateSamplerParam",
-                                                                             "Invalid compare function parameter"));
-                    return false;
-                }
-                break;
-
-            default:
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                                                  MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateSamplerParam",
-                                                                               "Invalid pname for sampler parameter"));
-                return false;
-            }
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        Bool ValidateSamplerFloatParam(GLenum pname, GLfloat param) {
-            switch (pname) {
-            case GL_TEXTURE_MIN_LOD:
-            case GL_TEXTURE_MAX_LOD:
-            case GL_TEXTURE_LOD_BIAS:
-                return true;
-
-            case GL_TEXTURE_BORDER_COLOR:
-                if (param < 0.0f || param > 1.0f) {
-                    MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                        ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                        MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateSamplerFloatParam",
-                                                     "Border color component out of [0,1] range"));
-                    return false;
-                }
-                return true;
-
-            default:
-                return ValidateSamplerParam(pname, static_cast<GLenum>(param));
-            }
-        }
-
-        Bool ValidateSamplerIntParam(GLenum pname, GLint param) {
-            switch (pname) {
-            case GL_TEXTURE_BORDER_COLOR:
-                if (param < 0 || param > 255) {
-                    MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                        ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                        MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateSamplerIntParam",
-                                                     "Border color component out of [0,255] range"));
-                    return false;
-                }
-                return true;
-
-            default:
-                return ValidateSamplerParam(pname, static_cast<GLenum>(param));
-            }
-        }
-    } // namespace SamplerImpl
-} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::SamplerImpl

MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Sampler/Validators.h

@@ -10,12 +10,10 @@
 #include <Includes.h>
 #include <MG_State/GLState/SamplerState/SamplerObject.h>
 
-namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
-    namespace SamplerImpl {
-        Bool ValidateSamplerName(GLuint sampler);
-        Bool ValidateSamplerObject(GLuint sampler);
-        Bool ValidateSamplerParam(GLenum pname, GLenum param);
-        Bool ValidateSamplerFloatParam(GLenum pname, GLfloat param);
-        Bool ValidateSamplerIntParam(GLenum pname, GLint param);
-    } // namespace SamplerImpl
-} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::SamplerImpl {
+    Bool ValidateSamplerName(GLuint sampler);
+    Bool ValidateSamplerObject(GLuint sampler);
+    Bool ValidateSamplerParam(GLenum pname, GLenum param);
+    Bool ValidateSamplerFloatParam(GLenum pname, GLfloat param);
+    Bool ValidateSamplerIntParam(GLenum pname, GLint param);
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::SamplerImpl

MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Sync/GL_Sync.cpp

@@ -10,36 +10,34 @@
 
 #include "MG_State/GLState/Core.h"
 
-namespace MobileGL {
-    namespace MG_Impl::GLImpl {
-        GLsync FenceSync_Backend(GLenum condition, GLbitfield flags) {
-            return 0;
-        }
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
+    GLsync FenceSync_Backend(GLenum condition, GLbitfield flags) {
+        return 0;
+    }
 
-        GLenum ClientWaitSync_Backend(GLsync sync, GLbitfield flags, GLuint64 timeout) {
-            return 0;
-        }
+    GLenum ClientWaitSync_Backend(GLsync sync, GLbitfield flags, GLuint64 timeout) {
+        return 0;
+    }
 
-        void DeleteSync_Backend(GLsync sync) {}
+    void DeleteSync_Backend(GLsync sync) {}
 
-        GLsync FenceSync_State(GLenum condition, GLbitfield flags) {
-            return 0;
-        }
+    GLsync FenceSync_State(GLenum condition, GLbitfield flags) {
+        return 0;
+    }
 
-        GLenum ClientWaitSync_State(GLsync sync, GLbitfield flags, GLuint64 timeout) {
-            return 0;
-        }
+    GLenum ClientWaitSync_State(GLsync sync, GLbitfield flags, GLuint64 timeout) {
+        return 0;
+    }
 
-        void DeleteSync_State(GLsync sync) {}
+    void DeleteSync_State(GLsync sync) {}
 
-        GLsync FenceSync(GLenum condition, GLbitfield flags) {
-            return 0;
-        }
+    GLsync FenceSync(GLenum condition, GLbitfield flags) {
+        return 0;
+    }
 
-        GLenum ClientWaitSync(GLsync sync, GLbitfield flags, GLuint64 timeout) {
-            return 0;
-        }
+    GLenum ClientWaitSync(GLsync sync, GLbitfield flags, GLuint64 timeout) {
+        return 0;
+    }
 
-        void DeleteSync(GLsync sync) {}
-    } // namespace MG_Impl::GLImpl
-} // namespace MobileGL
+    void DeleteSync(GLsync sync) {}
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl

MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Sync/GL_Sync.h

@@ -9,10 +9,8 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <Includes.h>
 
-namespace MobileGL {
-    namespace MG_Impl::GLImpl {
-        GLsync FenceSync(GLenum condition, GLbitfield flags);
-        GLenum ClientWaitSync(GLsync sync, GLbitfield flags, GLuint64 timeout);
-        void DeleteSync(GLsync sync);
-    } // namespace MG_Impl::GLImpl
-} // namespace MobileGL
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
+    GLsync FenceSync(GLenum condition, GLbitfield flags);
+    GLenum ClientWaitSync(GLsync sync, GLbitfield flags, GLuint64 timeout);
+    void DeleteSync(GLsync sync);
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl

MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Texture/ProxyTexture.cpp

@@ -7,48 +7,47 @@
 // End of Source File Header
 
 #include "ProxyTexture.h"
-#include "MG_State/GLState/TextureState/TextureObject2D.h"
-#include "MG_Util/Types.h"
+#include <MG_State/GLState/TextureState/TextureObject2D.h>
 
-namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
-    namespace TextureImpl {
-        ProxyTextureManager* pProxyTextureManager;
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::TextureImpl {
+    UniquePtr<ProxyTextureManager> pProxyTextureManager;
 
-        Bool IsProxyTextureTarget(TextureUploadTarget target) {
-            switch (target) {
-            case TextureUploadTarget::ProxyCubeMap:
-            case TextureUploadTarget::ProxyTexture1DArray:
-            case TextureUploadTarget::ProxyTexture2DArray:
-            case TextureUploadTarget::ProxyTexture1D:
-            case TextureUploadTarget::ProxyTexture2D:
-            case TextureUploadTarget::ProxyTexture3D:
-            case TextureUploadTarget::ProxyTexture2DMultisample:
-            case TextureUploadTarget::ProxyTexture2DMultisampleArray:
-            case TextureUploadTarget::ProxyTextureRectangle:
-            case TextureUploadTarget::ProxyCubeMapArray:
-                return true;
-            default:
-                return false;
-            }
+    Bool IsProxyTextureTarget(TextureUploadTarget target) {
+        switch (target) {
+        case TextureUploadTarget::ProxyCubeMap:
+        case TextureUploadTarget::ProxyTexture1DArray:
+        case TextureUploadTarget::ProxyTexture2DArray:
+        case TextureUploadTarget::ProxyTexture1D:
+        case TextureUploadTarget::ProxyTexture2D:
+        case TextureUploadTarget::ProxyTexture3D:
+        case TextureUploadTarget::ProxyTexture2DMultisample:
+        case TextureUploadTarget::ProxyTexture2DMultisampleArray:
+        case TextureUploadTarget::ProxyTextureRectangle:
+        case TextureUploadTarget::ProxyCubeMapArray:
+            return true;
+        default:
+            return false;
         }
+    }
 
-        SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> ProxyTextureManager::CreateOrReplaceProxyTextureObject(
-            TextureUploadTarget target) {
-            auto it = m_proxyTexturesMap.find(target);
-            if (it != m_proxyTexturesMap.end()) {
-                m_proxyTexturesMap.erase(it);
-            }
-            m_proxyTexturesMap[target] = MakeShared<MG_State::GLState::TextureObject2D>(0);
-            return m_proxyTexturesMap[target];
+    const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& ProxyTextureManager::CreateOrReplaceProxyTextureObject(
+        TextureUploadTarget target) {
+        auto it = m_proxyTexturesMap.find(target);
+        if (it != m_proxyTexturesMap.end()) {
+            m_proxyTexturesMap.erase(it);
         }
+        auto& obj = m_proxyTexturesMap[target];
+        obj = MakeShared<MG_State::GLState::TextureObject2D>(0);
+        return obj;
+    }
 
-        SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> ProxyTextureManager::GetProxyTextureObject(
-            TextureUploadTarget target) {
-            auto it = m_proxyTexturesMap.find(target);
-            if (it != m_proxyTexturesMap.end()) {
-                return it->second;
-            }
-            return nullptr;
+    const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& ProxyTextureManager::GetProxyTextureObject(
+        TextureUploadTarget target) {
+        auto it = m_proxyTexturesMap.find(target);
+        if (it != m_proxyTexturesMap.end()) {
+            return it->second;
         }
-    } // namespace TextureImpl
-} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl
+        static SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> nullTextureObject = nullptr;
+        return nullTextureObject;
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::TextureImpl

MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Texture/ProxyTexture.h

@@ -10,19 +10,18 @@
 #include <Includes.h>
 #include <MG_State/GLState/Core.h>
 
-namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
-    namespace TextureImpl {
-        Bool IsProxyTextureTarget(TextureUploadTarget target);
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::TextureImpl {
+    Bool IsProxyTextureTarget(TextureUploadTarget target);
 
-        class ProxyTextureManager {
-        public:
-            SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> CreateOrReplaceProxyTextureObject(TextureUploadTarget target);
-            SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> GetProxyTextureObject(TextureUploadTarget target);
+    class ProxyTextureManager {
+    public:
+        const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& CreateOrReplaceProxyTextureObject(
+            TextureUploadTarget target);
+        const SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>& GetProxyTextureObject(TextureUploadTarget target);
 
-        private:
-            UnorderedMap<TextureUploadTarget, SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>> m_proxyTexturesMap;
-        };
+    private:
+        UnorderedMap<TextureUploadTarget, SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject>> m_proxyTexturesMap;
+    };
 
-        extern ProxyTextureManager* pProxyTextureManager;
-    } // namespace TextureImpl
-} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl
+    extern UniquePtr<ProxyTextureManager> pProxyTextureManager;
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::TextureImpl

MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Texture/Validators.cpp

@@ -15,309 +15,295 @@
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToMG/TextureEnumConverter.h>
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToStr/TextureEnumConverter.h>
 
-namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
-    namespace TextureImpl {
-        Bool ValidateTextureTarget(TextureTarget target) {
-            if (target == TextureTarget::Unknown) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureTarget", "Invalid texture target"));
-                return false;
-            }
-            return true;
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::TextureImpl {
+    Bool ValidateTextureTarget(TextureTarget target) {
+        if (target == TextureTarget::Unknown) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureTarget", "Invalid texture target"));
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool ValidateTextureUploadTarget(TextureUploadTarget textureUploadTarget) {
+        if (textureUploadTarget == TextureUploadTarget::Unknown) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum, MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureUploadTarget",
+                                                                     "Invalid texture upload target"));
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool ValidateTextureName(Uint texture, Bool allowZero) {
+        if (texture == 0) {
+            if (allowZero) return true;
+
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureName", "Texture name cannot be zero"));
+            return false;
         }
 
-        Bool ValidateTextureUploadTarget(TextureUploadTarget textureUploadTarget) {
-            if (textureUploadTarget == TextureUploadTarget::Unknown) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                                                  MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl",
-                                                                               "ValidateTextureUploadTarget",
-                                                                               "Invalid texture upload target"));
-                return false;
-            }
-            return true;
+        if (!MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateTextureName(texture)) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureName", "Invalid texture name"));
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool ValidateTextureInputFormat(TextureInputFormat format) {
+        if (format == TextureInputFormat::Unknown) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum, MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureInputFormat",
+                                                                     "Invalid texture input format"));
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool ValidateTexturePixelDataType(TexturePixelDataType texturePixelDataType) {
+        if (texturePixelDataType == TexturePixelDataType::Unknown) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum, MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTexturePixelDataType",
+                                                                     "Invalid texture pixel data type"));
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool ValidateTextureLevelNumber(GLint level) {
+        if (level < 0) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidValue, MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureLevelNumber",
+                                                                      "Texture level must be non-negative"));
+            return false;
         }
 
-        Bool ValidateTextureName(Uint texture, Bool allowZero) {
-            if (texture == 0) {
-                if (allowZero) return true;
+        // TODO: GL_INVALID_VALUE may be generated if level is greater than log2(max), where max is the returned
+        // value of GL_MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE.
 
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                                                  MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureName",
-                                                                               "Texture name cannot be zero"));
-                return false;
-            }
+        return true;
+    }
 
-            if (!MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateTextureName(texture)) {
+    Bool ValidateTextureSizeWithTextureUploadTarget(TextureUploadTarget target, GLsizei width, GLsizei height) {
+        if (target == TextureUploadTarget::CubeMapPositiveX || target == TextureUploadTarget::CubeMapNegativeX ||
+            target == TextureUploadTarget::CubeMapPositiveY || target == TextureUploadTarget::CubeMapNegativeY ||
+            target == TextureUploadTarget::CubeMapPositiveZ || target == TextureUploadTarget::CubeMapNegativeZ) {
+            if (width != height) {
                 MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                     ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureName", "Invalid texture name"));
+                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureSizeWithTarget",
+                                                 "Width and height must be equal for cube map textures"));
                 return false;
             }
-            return true;
         }
 
-        Bool ValidateTextureInputFormat(TextureInputFormat format) {
-            if (format == TextureInputFormat::Unknown) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidEnum, MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureInputFormat",
-                                                                         "Invalid texture input format"));
-                return false;
-            }
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        Bool ValidateTexturePixelDataType(TexturePixelDataType texturePixelDataType) {
-            if (texturePixelDataType == TexturePixelDataType::Unknown) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                                                  MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl",
-                                                                               "ValidateTexturePixelDataType",
-                                                                               "Invalid texture pixel data type"));
-                return false;
-            }
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        Bool ValidateTextureLevelNumber(GLint level) {
-            if (level < 0) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                                                  MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl",
-                                                                               "ValidateTextureLevelNumber",
-                                                                               "Texture level must be non-negative"));
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            // TODO: GL_INVALID_VALUE may be generated if level is greater than log2(max), where max is the returned
-            // value of GL_MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE.
-
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        Bool ValidateTextureSizeWithTextureUploadTarget(TextureUploadTarget target, GLsizei width, GLsizei height) {
-            if (target == TextureUploadTarget::CubeMapPositiveX || target == TextureUploadTarget::CubeMapNegativeX ||
-                target == TextureUploadTarget::CubeMapPositiveY || target == TextureUploadTarget::CubeMapNegativeY ||
-                target == TextureUploadTarget::CubeMapPositiveZ || target == TextureUploadTarget::CubeMapNegativeZ) {
-                if (width != height) {
-                    MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                        ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                        MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureSizeWithTarget",
-                                                     "Width and height must be equal for cube map textures"));
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (!(target == TextureUploadTarget::Texture1DArray ||
-                  target == TextureUploadTarget::ProxyTexture1DArray)) {
-                if (height < 0) {
-                    MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                        ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                        MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureSizeWithTarget",
-                                                     "Height must be greater than or equal to zero"));
-                    return false;
-                }
-                // TODO: GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated if target is not GL_TEXTURE_1D_ARRAY or GL_PROXY_TEXTURE_1D_ARRAY
-                // and height is greater than GL_MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE.
-            }
-
-            if (target == TextureUploadTarget::Texture1DArray || target == TextureUploadTarget::ProxyTexture1DArray) {
-                if (height < 0) {
-                    MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                        ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                        MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureSizeWithTarget",
-                                                     "Height must be greater than or equal to zero"));
-                    return false;
-                }
-                // TODO: GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated if target is GL_TEXTURE_1D_ARRAY or GL_PROXY_TEXTURE_1D_ARRAY and
-                // height is greater than GL_MAX_ARRAY_TEXTURE_LAYERS.
-            }
-
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        Bool ValidateTextureSizeRange(SizeT width, SizeT height, SizeT depth) {
-            if (width < 0 || height < 0 || depth < 0) {
+        if (!(target == TextureUploadTarget::Texture1DArray || target == TextureUploadTarget::ProxyTexture1DArray)) {
+            if (height < 0) {
                 MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                     ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureSizeRange",
-                                                 "Width and height must be greater than zero"));
+                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureSizeWithTarget",
+                                                 "Height must be greater than or equal to zero"));
                 return false;
             }
-
-            // TODO: GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated if width is greater than GL_MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE.
-
-            return true;
+            // TODO: GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated if target is not GL_TEXTURE_1D_ARRAY or GL_PROXY_TEXTURE_1D_ARRAY
+            // and height is greater than GL_MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE.
         }
 
-        Bool ValidateTextureInternalFormat(TextureInternalFormat format) {
-            if (format == TextureInternalFormat::Unknown) {
+        if (target == TextureUploadTarget::Texture1DArray || target == TextureUploadTarget::ProxyTexture1DArray) {
+            if (height < 0) {
                 MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureInternalFormat",
-                                                 "Invalid texture sized internal format"));
+                    ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
+                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureSizeWithTarget",
+                                                 "Height must be greater than or equal to zero"));
                 return false;
             }
-            return true;
+            // TODO: GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated if target is GL_TEXTURE_1D_ARRAY or GL_PROXY_TEXTURE_1D_ARRAY and
+            // height is greater than GL_MAX_ARRAY_TEXTURE_LAYERS.
         }
 
-        Bool ValidateTextureBorderNumber(Int border) {
-            if (border != 0) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                                                  MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl",
-                                                                               "ValidateTextureBorderNumber",
-                                                                               "Border must be zero"));
-                return false;
-            }
-            return true;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool ValidateTextureSizeRange(SizeT width, SizeT height, SizeT depth) {
+        if (width < 0 || height < 0 || depth < 0) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidValue, MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureSizeRange",
+                                                                      "Width and height must be greater than zero"));
+            return false;
         }
 
-        Bool ValidateTextureInternalFormatCompatibleWithInput(TextureInputFormat format,
-                                                              TextureInternalFormat internalFormat,
-                                                              TexturePixelDataType type) {
-            if (type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedByte332 || type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedByte233Rev ||
-                type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedShort565 || type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedShort565Rev ||
-                type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedInt101111Rev) {
-                if (format != TextureInputFormat::RGB) {
-                    MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                        ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                        MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl",
-                                                     "ValidateTextureInternalFormatCompatibleWithInput",
-                                                     "Invalid format for the given type"));
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
+        // TODO: GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated if width is greater than GL_MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE.
 
-            if (type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedShort4444 || type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedShort4444Rev ||
-                type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedShort5551 || type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedShort1555Rev ||
-                type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedInt8888 || type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedInt8888Rev ||
-                type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedInt1010102 ||
-                type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedInt2101010Rev ||
-                type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedInt5999Rev) {
-                if (format != TextureInputFormat::RGBA && format != TextureInputFormat::BGRA) {
-                    MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                        ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                        MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl",
-                                                     "ValidateTextureInternalFormatCompatibleWithInput",
-                                                     "Invalid format for the given type"));
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
+        return true;
+    }
 
-            if (internalFormat == TextureInternalFormat::DepthComponent ||
-                internalFormat == TextureInternalFormat::DepthComponent16 ||
-                internalFormat == TextureInternalFormat::DepthComponent24 ||
-                internalFormat == TextureInternalFormat::DepthComponent32F) {
-                if (format != TextureInputFormat::DepthComponent) {
-                    MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                        ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                        MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl",
-                                                     "ValidateTextureInternalFormatCompatibleWithInput",
-                                                     "Invalid format for depth component internal format"));
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
+    Bool ValidateTextureInternalFormat(TextureInternalFormat format) {
+        if (format == TextureInternalFormat::Unknown) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum, MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureInternalFormat",
+                                                                     "Invalid texture sized internal format"));
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
 
-            if (format == TextureInputFormat::DepthComponent &&
-                (internalFormat != TextureInternalFormat::DepthComponent &&
-                 internalFormat != TextureInternalFormat::DepthComponent16 &&
-                 internalFormat != TextureInternalFormat::DepthComponent24 &&
-                 internalFormat != TextureInternalFormat::DepthComponent32F &&
-                 internalFormat != TextureInternalFormat::DepthComponent32 // workaround for Minecraft 1.21.5+
-                 )) {
+    Bool ValidateTextureBorderNumber(Int border) {
+        if (border != 0) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureBorderNumber", "Border must be zero"));
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool ValidateTextureInternalFormatCompatibleWithInput(TextureInputFormat format,
+                                                          TextureInternalFormat internalFormat,
+                                                          TexturePixelDataType type) {
+        if (type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedByte332 || type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedByte233Rev ||
+            type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedShort565 || type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedShort565Rev ||
+            type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedInt101111Rev) {
+            if (format != TextureInputFormat::RGB) {
                 MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                     ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureInternalFormatCompatibleWithInput",
-                                                 "Invalid internal format for depth component format"));
+                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureInternalFormatCompatibleWithInput",
+                                                 "Invalid format for the given type"));
                 return false;
             }
-            return true;
         }
 
-        Bool ValidateTextureLevelWithUploadTarget(TextureUploadTarget target, Int level) {
-            if (target == TextureUploadTarget::TextureRectangle ||
-                target == TextureUploadTarget::ProxyTextureRectangle) {
-                if (level != 0) {
-                    MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                        ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                        MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureLevelWithUploadTarget",
-                                                     "Level must be zero for rectangle textures"));
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        Bool ValidateTextureObject(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> textureObject) {
-            if (!textureObject) {
+        if (type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedShort4444 || type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedShort4444Rev ||
+            type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedShort5551 || type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedShort1555Rev ||
+            type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedInt8888 || type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedInt8888Rev ||
+            type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedInt1010102 || type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedInt2101010Rev ||
+            type == TexturePixelDataType::UnsignedInt5999Rev) {
+            if (format != TextureInputFormat::RGBA && format != TextureInputFormat::BGRA) {
                 MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                     ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureObject", "Texture object is null"));
+                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureInternalFormatCompatibleWithInput",
+                                                 "Invalid format for the given type"));
                 return false;
             }
-            return true;
         }
 
-        Bool ValidateTextureTargetUniformity(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> textureObject,
-                                             TextureTarget target) {
-            if (!textureObject) return true; // should be created later
-            TextureTarget prevTarget = textureObject->GetTarget();
-            if (prevTarget != target) {
+        if (internalFormat == TextureInternalFormat::DepthComponent ||
+            internalFormat == TextureInternalFormat::DepthComponent16 ||
+            internalFormat == TextureInternalFormat::DepthComponent24 ||
+            internalFormat == TextureInternalFormat::DepthComponent32F) {
+            if (format != TextureInputFormat::DepthComponent) {
                 MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
                     ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureTargetUniformity",
-                                                 "Texture target does not match the previously created texture"));
+                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureInternalFormatCompatibleWithInput",
+                                                 "Invalid format for depth component internal format"));
                 return false;
             }
-            return true;
         }
 
-        Bool ValidateTextureSubImageOffsets(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> textureObject, Int xoffset,
-                                            Int width, Int yoffset, Int height, Int zoffset, Int depth) {
-            auto baseSize = textureObject->GetBaseSize();
-            if (xoffset < 0 || (xoffset + width) > baseSize.x()) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureSubImageOffsets",
-                                                 "xoffset must be non-negative and (xoffset + width) must not exceed "
-                                                 "the texture width."));
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (baseSize.y() == 0) return true;
-
-            if (yoffset < 0 || (yoffset + height) > baseSize.y()) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureSubImageOffsets",
-                                                 "yoffset must be non-negative and (yoffset + height) must not exceed "
-                                                 "the texture height."));
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (baseSize.z() == 0) return true;
-
-            if (zoffset < 0 || (zoffset + depth) > baseSize.z()) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureSubImageOffsets",
-                                                 "zoffset must be non-negative and (zoffset + depth) must not exceed "
-                                                 "the texture depth."));
-                return false;
-            }
-            return true;
+        if (format == TextureInputFormat::DepthComponent &&
+            (internalFormat != TextureInternalFormat::DepthComponent &&
+             internalFormat != TextureInternalFormat::DepthComponent16 &&
+             internalFormat != TextureInternalFormat::DepthComponent24 &&
+             internalFormat != TextureInternalFormat::DepthComponent32F &&
+             internalFormat != TextureInternalFormat::DepthComponent32 // workaround for Minecraft 1.21.5+
+             )) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureInternalFormatCompatibleWithInput",
+                                             "Invalid internal format for depth component format"));
+            return false;
         }
+        return true;
+    }
 
-        Bool ValidateBaseInternalFormatMatch(TextureInternalFormat format1, TextureInternalFormat format2) {
-            auto unsizedFormat1 = MG_Util::ConvertInternalFormatToUnsized(format1);
-            auto unsizedFormat2 = MG_Util::ConvertInternalFormatToUnsized(format2);
-            if (unsizedFormat1 != unsizedFormat2) {
+    Bool ValidateTextureLevelWithUploadTarget(TextureUploadTarget target, Int level) {
+        if (target == TextureUploadTarget::TextureRectangle || target == TextureUploadTarget::ProxyTextureRectangle) {
+            if (level != 0) {
                 MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>(
-                        std::format("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateBaseInternalFormatMatch",
-                                    "The base internal format of the two formats do not match ({} vs. {})",
-                                    MG_Util::ConvertTextureInternalFormatToString(unsizedFormat1).c_str(),
-                                    MG_Util::ConvertTextureInternalFormatToString(unsizedFormat2).c_str())));
+                    ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
+                    MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureLevelWithUploadTarget",
+                                                 "Level must be zero for rectangle textures"));
                 return false;
             }
-            return true;
-        } // namespace TextureImpl
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool ValidateTextureObject(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> textureObject) {
+        if (!textureObject) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureObject", "Texture object is null"));
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool ValidateTextureTargetUniformity(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> textureObject,
+                                         TextureTarget target) {
+        if (!textureObject) return true; // should be created later
+        TextureTarget prevTarget = textureObject->GetTarget();
+        if (prevTarget != target) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureTargetUniformity",
+                                             "Texture target does not match the previously created texture"));
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool ValidateTextureSubImageOffsets(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> textureObject, Int xoffset,
+                                        Int width, Int yoffset, Int height, Int zoffset, Int depth) {
+        auto baseSize = textureObject->GetBaseSize();
+        if (xoffset < 0 || (xoffset + width) > baseSize.x()) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureSubImageOffsets",
+                                             "xoffset must be non-negative and (xoffset + width) must not exceed "
+                                             "the texture width."));
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (baseSize.y() == 0) return true;
+
+        if (yoffset < 0 || (yoffset + height) > baseSize.y()) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureSubImageOffsets",
+                                             "yoffset must be non-negative and (yoffset + height) must not exceed "
+                                             "the texture height."));
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (baseSize.z() == 0) return true;
+
+        if (zoffset < 0 || (zoffset + depth) > baseSize.z()) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateTextureSubImageOffsets",
+                                             "zoffset must be non-negative and (zoffset + depth) must not exceed "
+                                             "the texture depth."));
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool ValidateBaseInternalFormatMatch(TextureInternalFormat format1, TextureInternalFormat format2) {
+        auto unsizedFormat1 = MG_Util::ConvertInternalFormatToUnsized(format1);
+        auto unsizedFormat2 = MG_Util::ConvertInternalFormatToUnsized(format2);
+        if (unsizedFormat1 != unsizedFormat2) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
+                    std::format("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateBaseInternalFormatMatch",
+                                "The base internal format of the two formats do not match ({} vs. {})",
+                                MG_Util::ConvertTextureInternalFormatToString(unsizedFormat1).c_str(),
+                                MG_Util::ConvertTextureInternalFormatToString(unsizedFormat2).c_str())));
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
     } // namespace TextureImpl
-} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::TextureImpl

MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/Texture/Validators.h

@@ -12,27 +12,25 @@
 #include <Includes.h>
 #include <MG_State/GLState/TextureState/TextureObject.h>
 
-namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
-    namespace TextureImpl {
-        Bool ValidateTextureTarget(TextureTarget target);
-        Bool ValidateTextureUploadTarget(TextureUploadTarget textureUploadTarget);
-        Bool ValidateTextureName(Uint texture, Bool allowZero = false);
-        Bool ValidateTextureInputFormat(TextureInputFormat format);
-        Bool ValidateTexturePixelDataType(TexturePixelDataType texturePixelDataType);
-        Bool ValidateTextureLevelNumber(Int level);
-        Bool ValidateTextureSizeWithTextureUploadTarget(TextureUploadTarget target, GLsizei width, GLsizei height);
-        Bool ValidateTextureSizeRange(SizeT width, SizeT height, SizeT depth);
-        Bool ValidateTextureInternalFormat(TextureInternalFormat format);
-        Bool ValidateTextureBorderNumber(Int border);
-        Bool ValidateTextureInternalFormatCompatibleWithInput(TextureInputFormat format,
-                                                              TextureInternalFormat internalFormat,
-                                                              TexturePixelDataType type);
-        Bool ValidateTextureLevelWithUploadTarget(TextureUploadTarget target, Int level);
-        Bool ValidateTextureObject(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> textureObject);
-        Bool ValidateTextureTargetUniformity(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> textureObject,
-                                             TextureTarget target);
-        Bool ValidateTextureSubImageOffsets(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> textureObject, Int xoffset,
-                                            Int width, Int yoffset = 0, Int height = 0, Int zoffset = 0, Int depth = 0);
-        Bool ValidateBaseInternalFormatMatch(TextureInternalFormat format1, TextureInternalFormat format2);
-    } // namespace TextureImpl
-} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::TextureImpl {
+    Bool ValidateTextureTarget(TextureTarget target);
+    Bool ValidateTextureUploadTarget(TextureUploadTarget textureUploadTarget);
+    Bool ValidateTextureName(Uint texture, Bool allowZero = false);
+    Bool ValidateTextureInputFormat(TextureInputFormat format);
+    Bool ValidateTexturePixelDataType(TexturePixelDataType texturePixelDataType);
+    Bool ValidateTextureLevelNumber(Int level);
+    Bool ValidateTextureSizeWithTextureUploadTarget(TextureUploadTarget target, GLsizei width, GLsizei height);
+    Bool ValidateTextureSizeRange(SizeT width, SizeT height, SizeT depth);
+    Bool ValidateTextureInternalFormat(TextureInternalFormat format);
+    Bool ValidateTextureBorderNumber(Int border);
+    Bool ValidateTextureInternalFormatCompatibleWithInput(TextureInputFormat format,
+                                                          TextureInternalFormat internalFormat,
+                                                          TexturePixelDataType type);
+    Bool ValidateTextureLevelWithUploadTarget(TextureUploadTarget target, Int level);
+    Bool ValidateTextureObject(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> textureObject);
+    Bool ValidateTextureTargetUniformity(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> textureObject,
+                                         TextureTarget target);
+    Bool ValidateTextureSubImageOffsets(SharedPtr<MG_State::GLState::ITextureObject> textureObject, Int xoffset,
+                                        Int width, Int yoffset = 0, Int height = 0, Int zoffset = 0, Int depth = 0);
+    Bool ValidateBaseInternalFormatMatch(TextureInternalFormat format1, TextureInternalFormat format2);
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::TextureImpl

MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/VertexArray/GL_VertexArray.cpp

@@ -12,222 +12,216 @@
 #include <MG_State/GLState/ErrorState/Error.h>
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/GLToMG/DataTypeConverter.h>
 
-namespace MobileGL {
-    namespace MG_Impl::GLImpl {
-        void DisableVertexAttribArray_State(GLuint index) {
-            if (!VertexArrayImpl::ValidateVertexAttributeIndex(index)) return;
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
+    void DisableVertexAttribArray_State(GLuint index) {
+        if (!VertexArrayImpl::ValidateVertexAttributeIndex(index)) return;
 
-            auto vao = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBoundVertexArray();
-            if (!vao) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                                                  MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl",
-                                                                               "EnableVertexAttribArray_State",
-                                                                               "No vertex array object is bound."));
-                return;
-            }
-
-            vao->DisableAttribute(index);
+        auto& vao = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBoundVertexArray();
+        if (!vao) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
+                                              MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl",
+                                                                           "EnableVertexAttribArray_State",
+                                                                           "No vertex array object is bound."));
+            return;
         }
 
-        void EnableVertexAttribArray_State(GLuint index) {
-            if (!VertexArrayImpl::ValidateVertexAttributeIndex(index)) return;
+        vao->DisableAttribute(index);
+    }
 
-            auto vao = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBoundVertexArray();
-            if (!vao) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                                                  MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl",
-                                                                               "EnableVertexAttribArray_State",
-                                                                               "No vertex array object is bound."));
-                return;
-            }
+    void EnableVertexAttribArray_State(GLuint index) {
+        if (!VertexArrayImpl::ValidateVertexAttributeIndex(index)) return;
 
-            vao->EnableAttribute(index);
+        auto& vao = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBoundVertexArray();
+        if (!vao) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
+                                              MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl",
+                                                                           "EnableVertexAttribArray_State",
+                                                                           "No vertex array object is bound."));
+            return;
         }
 
-        // TODO: implement GL_BGRA support
-        void VertexAttribIPointer_State(GLuint index, GLint size, GLenum type, GLsizei stride, const void* pointer) {
-            if (!VertexArrayImpl::ValidateVertexAttributeIndex(index)) return;
+        vao->EnableAttribute(index);
+    }
 
-            DataType dataType = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToDataType(type);
-            if (!VertexArrayImpl::ValidateVertexAttribPointerParams(index, size, dataType, stride)) return;
+    // TODO: implement GL_BGRA support
+    void VertexAttribIPointer_State(GLuint index, GLint size, GLenum type, GLsizei stride, const void* pointer) {
+        if (!VertexArrayImpl::ValidateVertexAttributeIndex(index)) return;
 
-            auto vao = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBoundVertexArray();
-            if (!vao) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                                                  MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl",
-                                                                               "VertexAttribPointer_State",
-                                                                               "No vertex array object is bound."));
-                return;
-            }
+        DataType dataType = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToDataType(type);
+        if (!VertexArrayImpl::ValidateVertexAttribPointerParams(index, size, dataType, stride)) return;
 
-            auto& vboSlot = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBufferBindingSlot(BufferTarget::Vertex);
-            auto vbo = vboSlot.GetBoundObject();
-            if (!vbo) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "VertexAttribPointer_State",
-                                                 "No buffer is bound to GL_ARRAY_BUFFER."));
-                return;
-            }
-
-            SizeT offset = reinterpret_cast<SizeT>(pointer);
-
-            vao->SetAttributeFormat(index, size, dataType, false, stride, offset, true);
-            vao->BindAttributeBuffer(index, vbo);
+        auto& vao = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBoundVertexArray();
+        if (!vao) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation, MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "VertexAttribPointer_State",
+                                                                          "No vertex array object is bound."));
+            return;
         }
 
-        // TODO: implement GL_BGRA support
-        void VertexAttribPointer_State(GLuint index, GLint size, GLenum type, GLboolean normalized, GLsizei stride,
-                                       const void* pointer) {
-            if (!VertexArrayImpl::ValidateVertexAttributeIndex(index)) return;
-
-            DataType dataType = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToDataType(type);
-            if (!VertexArrayImpl::ValidateVertexAttribPointerParams(index, size, dataType, stride)) return;
-
-            auto vao = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBoundVertexArray();
-            if (!vao) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                                                  MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl",
-                                                                               "VertexAttribPointer_State",
-                                                                               "No vertex array object is bound."));
-                return;
-            }
-
-            auto& vboSlot = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBufferBindingSlot(BufferTarget::Vertex);
-            auto vbo = vboSlot.GetBoundObject();
-            if (!vbo) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "VertexAttribPointer_State",
-                                                 "No buffer is bound to GL_ARRAY_BUFFER."));
-                return;
-            }
-
-            SizeT offset = reinterpret_cast<SizeT>(pointer);
-
-            vao->SetAttributeFormat(index, size, dataType, normalized, stride, offset, false);
-            vao->BindAttributeBuffer(index, vbo);
+        auto& vboSlot = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBufferBindingSlot(BufferTarget::Vertex);
+        auto& vbo = vboSlot.GetBoundObject();
+        if (!vbo) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation, MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "VertexAttribPointer_State",
+                                                                          "No buffer is bound to GL_ARRAY_BUFFER."));
+            return;
         }
 
-        void BindVertexArray_State(GLuint array) {
-            if (array == 0) {
+        auto offset = reinterpret_cast<SizeT>(pointer);
+
+        vao->SetAttributeFormat(index, size, dataType, false, stride, offset, true);
+        vao->BindAttributeBuffer(index, vbo);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: implement GL_BGRA support
+    void VertexAttribPointer_State(GLuint index, GLint size, GLenum type, GLboolean normalized, GLsizei stride,
+                                   const void* pointer) {
+        if (!VertexArrayImpl::ValidateVertexAttributeIndex(index)) return;
+
+        DataType dataType = MG_Util::ConvertGLEnumToDataType(type);
+        if (!VertexArrayImpl::ValidateVertexAttribPointerParams(index, size, dataType, stride)) return;
+
+        auto& vao = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBoundVertexArray();
+        if (!vao) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation, MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "VertexAttribPointer_State",
+                                                                          "No vertex array object is bound."));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        auto& vboSlot = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBufferBindingSlot(BufferTarget::Vertex);
+        auto& vbo = vboSlot.GetBoundObject();
+        if (!vbo) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation, MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "VertexAttribPointer_State",
+                                                                          "No buffer is bound to GL_ARRAY_BUFFER."));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        SizeT offset = reinterpret_cast<SizeT>(pointer);
+
+        vao->SetAttributeFormat(index, size, dataType, normalized, stride, offset, false);
+        vao->BindAttributeBuffer(index, vbo);
+    }
+
+    void BindVertexArray_State(GLuint array) {
+        if (array == 0) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->BindVertexArray(0);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!VertexArrayImpl::ValidateVertexArrayName(array)) return;
+
+        if (!MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateVertexArrayObject(array)) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->CreateVertexArrayObject(array);
+        }
+
+        MG_State::pGLContext->BindVertexArray(array);
+    }
+
+    void DeleteVertexArrays_State(GLsizei n, const GLuint* arrays) {
+        if (n < 0) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "DeleteVertexArrays_State", "n must be non-negative."));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (GLsizei i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            GLuint vao = arrays[i];
+            if (vao == 0) continue;
+
+            if (!VertexArrayImpl::ValidateVertexArrayName(vao)) continue;
+
+            if (MG_State::pGLContext->GetBoundVertexArray() &&
+                MG_State::pGLContext->GetBoundVertexArray() == MG_State::pGLContext->GetVertexArrayObject(vao)) {
                 MG_State::pGLContext->BindVertexArray(0);
-                return;
             }
 
-            if (!VertexArrayImpl::ValidateVertexArrayName(array)) return;
+            MG_State::pGLContext->MarkVertexArrayForDeletion(vao);
+        }
+    }
 
-            if (!MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateVertexArrayObject(array)) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->CreateVertexArrayObject(array);
-            }
-
-            MG_State::pGLContext->BindVertexArray(array);
+    void GenVertexArrays_State(GLsizei n, GLuint* arrays) {
+        if (n < 0) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "GenVertexArrays_State", "n must be non-negative."));
+            return;
         }
 
-        void DeleteVertexArrays_State(GLsizei n, const GLuint* arrays) {
-            if (n < 0) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidValue, MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "DeleteVertexArrays_State",
-                                                                          "n must be non-negative."));
-                return;
-            }
+        static thread_local Vector<Uint> vaos;
+        MG_State::pGLContext->GenVertexArrayNames(n, vaos);
+        Memcpy(arrays, vaos.data(), n * sizeof(GLuint));
+    }
 
-            for (GLsizei i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-                GLuint vao = arrays[i];
-                if (vao == 0) continue;
+    GLboolean IsVertexArray_State(GLuint array) {
+        if (array == 0) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
+                                              MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "IsVertexArray_State",
+                                                                           "Vertex array name 0 is not supported."));
+            return GL_FALSE;
+        }
+        if (!VertexArrayImpl::ValidateVertexArrayName(array)) return GL_FALSE;
+        if (!MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateVertexArrayObject(array)) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "IsVertexArray_State",
+                                             std::format("Vertex array object {} does not exist.", array)));
+            return GL_FALSE;
+        }
+        return GL_TRUE;
+    }
 
-                if (!VertexArrayImpl::ValidateVertexArrayName(vao)) continue;
+    void VertexAttribDivisor_State(GLuint index, GLuint divisor) {
+        if (!VertexArrayImpl::ValidateVertexAttributeIndex(index)) return;
 
-                if (MG_State::pGLContext->GetBoundVertexArray() &&
-                    MG_State::pGLContext->GetBoundVertexArray() == MG_State::pGLContext->GetVertexArrayObject(vao)) {
-                    MG_State::pGLContext->BindVertexArray(0);
-                }
-
-                MG_State::pGLContext->MarkVertexArrayForDeletion(vao);
-            }
+        auto& vao = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBoundVertexArray();
+        if (!vao) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation, MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "VertexAttribDivisor_State",
+                                                                          "No vertex array object is bound."));
+            return;
         }
 
-        void GenVertexArrays_State(GLsizei n, GLuint* arrays) {
-            if (n < 0) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "GenVertexArrays_State", "n must be non-negative."));
-                return;
-            }
+        vao->SetAttributeDivisor(index, divisor);
+    }
 
-            auto vaoNames = MG_State::pGLContext->GenVertexArrayNames(n);
-            Copy(vaoNames.data(), arrays, vaoNames.size());
-        }
+    /* @INSERTION_POINT:FUNCTION_IMPLEMENTATION@ */
+    void VertexAttribDivisor(GLuint index, GLuint divisor) {
+        VertexAttribDivisor_State(index, divisor);
+    }
 
-        GLboolean IsVertexArray_State(GLuint array) {
-            if (array == 0) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidValue, MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "IsVertexArray_State",
-                                                                          "Vertex array name 0 is not supported."));
-                return GL_FALSE;
-            }
-            if (!VertexArrayImpl::ValidateVertexArrayName(array)) return GL_FALSE;
-            if (!MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateVertexArrayObject(array)) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "IsVertexArray_State",
-                                                 std::format("Vertex array object {} does not exist.", array)));
-                return GL_FALSE;
-            }
-            return GL_TRUE;
-        }
+    GLboolean IsVertexArray(GLuint array) {
+        return IsVertexArray_State(array);
+    }
 
-        void VertexAttribDivisor_State(GLuint index, GLuint divisor) {
-            if (!VertexArrayImpl::ValidateVertexAttributeIndex(index)) return;
+    void DisableVertexAttribArray(GLuint index) {
+        DisableVertexAttribArray_State(index);
+    }
 
-            auto vao = MG_State::pGLContext->GetBoundVertexArray();
-            if (!vao) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                                                  MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl",
-                                                                               "VertexAttribDivisor_State",
-                                                                               "No vertex array object is bound."));
-                return;
-            }
+    void EnableVertexAttribArray(GLuint index) {
+        EnableVertexAttribArray_State(index);
+    }
 
-            vao->SetAttributeDivisor(index, divisor);
-        }
+    void VertexAttribIPointer(GLuint index, GLint size, GLenum type, GLsizei stride, const void* pointer) {
+        VertexAttribIPointer_State(index, size, type, stride, pointer);
+    }
 
-        /* @INSERTION_POINT:FUNCTION_IMPLEMENTATION@ */
-        void VertexAttribDivisor(GLuint index, GLuint divisor) {
-            VertexAttribDivisor_State(index, divisor);
-        }
+    void VertexAttribPointer(GLuint index, GLint size, GLenum type, GLboolean normalized, GLsizei stride,
+                             const void* pointer) {
+        VertexAttribPointer_State(index, size, type, normalized, stride, pointer);
+    }
 
-        GLboolean IsVertexArray(GLuint array) {
-            return IsVertexArray_State(array);
-        }
+    void BindVertexArray(GLuint array) {
+        BindVertexArray_State(array);
+    }
 
-        void DisableVertexAttribArray(GLuint index) {
-            DisableVertexAttribArray_State(index);
-        }
+    void DeleteVertexArrays(GLsizei n, const GLuint* arrays) {
+        DeleteVertexArrays_State(n, arrays);
+    }
 
-        void EnableVertexAttribArray(GLuint index) {
-            EnableVertexAttribArray_State(index);
-        }
-
-        void VertexAttribIPointer(GLuint index, GLint size, GLenum type, GLsizei stride, const void* pointer) {
-            VertexAttribIPointer_State(index, size, type, stride, pointer);
-        }
-
-        void VertexAttribPointer(GLuint index, GLint size, GLenum type, GLboolean normalized, GLsizei stride,
-                                 const void* pointer) {
-            VertexAttribPointer_State(index, size, type, normalized, stride, pointer);
-        }
-
-        void BindVertexArray(GLuint array) {
-            BindVertexArray_State(array);
-        }
-
-        void DeleteVertexArrays(GLsizei n, const GLuint* arrays) {
-            DeleteVertexArrays_State(n, arrays);
-        }
-
-        void GenVertexArrays(GLsizei n, GLuint* arrays) {
-            GenVertexArrays_State(n, arrays);
-        }
-    } // namespace MG_Impl::GLImpl
-} // namespace MobileGL
+    void GenVertexArrays(GLsizei n, GLuint* arrays) {
+        GenVertexArrays_State(n, arrays);
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl

MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/VertexArray/GL_VertexArray.h

@@ -9,18 +9,16 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <Includes.h>
 
-namespace MobileGL {
-    namespace MG_Impl::GLImpl {
-        /* @INSERTION_POINT:FUNCTION_DECLARATION@ */
-        void VertexAttribDivisor(GLuint index, GLuint divisor);
-        GLboolean IsVertexArray(GLuint array);
-        void DisableVertexAttribArray(GLuint index);
-        void EnableVertexAttribArray(GLuint index);
-        void VertexAttribIPointer(GLuint index, GLint size, GLenum type, GLsizei stride, const void* pointer);
-        void VertexAttribPointer(GLuint index, GLint size, GLenum type, GLboolean normalized, GLsizei stride,
-                                 const void* pointer);
-        void BindVertexArray(GLuint array);
-        void DeleteVertexArrays(GLsizei n, const GLuint* arrays);
-        void GenVertexArrays(GLsizei n, GLuint* arrays);
-    } // namespace MG_Impl::GLImpl
-} // namespace MobileGL
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
+    /* @INSERTION_POINT:FUNCTION_DECLARATION@ */
+    void VertexAttribDivisor(GLuint index, GLuint divisor);
+    GLboolean IsVertexArray(GLuint array);
+    void DisableVertexAttribArray(GLuint index);
+    void EnableVertexAttribArray(GLuint index);
+    void VertexAttribIPointer(GLuint index, GLint size, GLenum type, GLsizei stride, const void* pointer);
+    void VertexAttribPointer(GLuint index, GLint size, GLenum type, GLboolean normalized, GLsizei stride,
+                             const void* pointer);
+    void BindVertexArray(GLuint array);
+    void DeleteVertexArrays(GLsizei n, const GLuint* arrays);
+    void GenVertexArrays(GLsizei n, GLuint* arrays);
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl

MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/VertexArray/Validators.cpp

@@ -12,74 +12,71 @@
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToGL/DataTypeConverter.h>
 #include <MG_Util/Converters/MGToStr/DataTypeConverter.h>
 
-namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
-    namespace VertexArrayImpl {
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::VertexArrayImpl {
+    Bool ValidateVertexArrayName(Uint index) {
+        Bool isValid = MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateVertexArrayName(index);
+        if (!isValid) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateVertexArrayName",
+                                             std::format("Vertex array name {} is not valid.", index)));
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
 
-        Bool ValidateVertexArrayName(Uint index) {
-            Bool isValid = MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateVertexArrayName(index);
-            if (!isValid) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateVertexArrayName",
-                                                 std::format("Vertex array name {} is not valid.", index)));
-                return false;
-            }
-            return true;
+    Bool ValidateVertexArrayObject(Uint index) {
+        if (!MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateVertexArrayObject(index)) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateVertexArrayObject",
+                                             std::format("Vertex array object {} does not exist.", index)));
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool ValidateVertexAttributeIndex(Uint index) {
+        if (index >= MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject::MAX_VERTEX_ATTRIBS) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
+                    "MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateVertexAttributeIndex",
+                    std::format("Attribute index {} exceeds maximum of {}.", index,
+                                MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject::MAX_VERTEX_ATTRIBS - 1)));
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Bool ValidateVertexAttribPointerParams(Uint index, SizeT size, DataType type, Int stride) {
+        if (size < 1 || size > 4) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
+                    "MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateVertexAttribPointerParams",
+                    std::format("Invalid size {} for attribute {}. Must be 1-4.", size, index)));
+            return false;
         }
 
-        Bool ValidateVertexArrayObject(Uint index) {
-            if (!MG_State::pGLContext->ValidateVertexArrayObject(index)) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidOperation,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateVertexArrayObject",
-                                                 std::format("Vertex array object {} does not exist.", index)));
-                return false;
-            }
-            return true;
+        if (type == DataType::Unknown) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
+                    "MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateVertexAttribPointerParams",
+                    std::format("Invalid type {} for attribute {}.", MG_Util::ConvertDataTypeToString(type), index)));
+            return false;
         }
 
-        Bool ValidateVertexAttributeIndex(Uint index) {
-            if (index >= MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject::MAX_VERTEX_ATTRIBS) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>(
-                        "MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateVertexAttributeIndex",
-                        std::format("Attribute index {} exceeds maximum of {}.", index,
-                                    MG_State::GLState::VertexArrayObject::MAX_VERTEX_ATTRIBS - 1)));
-                return false;
-            }
-            return true;
+        if (stride < 0) {
+            MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
+                ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
+                MakeUnique<GenericErrorInfo>(
+                    "MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateVertexAttribPointerParams",
+                    std::format("Negative stride {} is not allowed for attribute {}.", stride, index)));
+            return false;
         }
 
-        Bool ValidateVertexAttribPointerParams(Uint index, SizeT size, DataType type, Int stride) {
-            if (size < 1 || size > 4) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>(
-                        "MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateVertexAttribPointerParams",
-                        std::format("Invalid size {} for attribute {}. Must be 1-4.", size, index)));
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            if (type == DataType::Unknown) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidEnum,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>("MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateVertexAttribPointerParams",
-                                                 std::format("Invalid type {} for attribute {}.",
-                                                             MG_Util::ConvertDataTypeToString(type).c_str(), index)));
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            if (stride < 0) {
-                MG_State::pGLContext->RecordError(
-                    ErrorCode::InvalidValue,
-                    MakeShared<GenericErrorInfo>(
-                        "MG_Impl/GLImpl", "ValidateVertexAttribPointerParams",
-                        std::format("Negative stride {} is not allowed for attribute {}.", stride, index)));
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            return true;
-        }
-    } // namespace VertexArrayImpl
-} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl
+        return true;
+    }
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::VertexArrayImpl

MobileGL/MG_Impl/GLImpl/VertexArray/Validators.h

@@ -10,11 +10,9 @@
 #include <Includes.h>
 #include <MG_State/GLState/VertexArrayState/VertexArrayObject.h>
 
-namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl {
-    namespace VertexArrayImpl {
-        Bool ValidateVertexArrayName(Uint index);
-        Bool ValidateVertexArrayObject(Uint index);
-        Bool ValidateVertexAttributeIndex(Uint index);
-        Bool ValidateVertexAttribPointerParams(Uint index, SizeT size, DataType type, Int stride);
-    } // namespace VertexArrayImpl
-} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl
+namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::VertexArrayImpl {
+    Bool ValidateVertexArrayName(Uint index);
+    Bool ValidateVertexArrayObject(Uint index);
+    Bool ValidateVertexAttributeIndex(Uint index);
+    Bool ValidateVertexAttribPointerParams(Uint index, SizeT size, DataType type, Int stride);
+} // namespace MobileGL::MG_Impl::GLImpl::VertexArrayImpl